Author: "SRM" / Publication Type: Electronic Resources - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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65 results on '"SRM"'

1. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Brauer, M, Roth, GA, Aravkin, AY, Zheng, P, Abate, KH, Abate, YH, Abbafati, C, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasi, MA, Abbasian, M, Abbasifard, M, Moradi, Y, Bensenor, IM, Benzian, H, Beran, A, Abouzid, M, Berezvai, Z, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, RS, Bettencourt, PJG, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Moraga, P, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Aboye, GB, Bhat, AN, Bhat, V, Bhatti, GK, Bhatti, JS, Bhatti, MS, Morawska, L, Bhatti, R, Bhuiyan, MA, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Bishai, JD, Abreu, LG, Bisignano, C, Biswas, A, Biswas, B, Biswas, RK, Moreira, RS, Bjørge, T, Boachie, MK, Boakye, H, Bockarie, MJ, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, AO, Abualruz, H, Bogale, EK, Bolla, SR, Boloor, A, Morovatdar, N, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Boppana, SH, Bora Basara, B, Borhany, H, Botero Carvajal, A, Bouaoud, S, Boufous, S, Abubakar, B, Bourne, R, Boxe, C, Morrison, SD, Braithwaite, D, Brant, LC, Brar, A, Breitborde, NJK, Breitner, S, Brenner, H, Briko, AN, Britton, G, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Brown, CS, Morze, J, Browne, AJ, Brunoni, AR, Bryazka, D, Bulamu, NB, Bulto, LN, Buonsenso, D, Burkart, K, Burns, RA, Busse, R, Abukhadijah, HJJ, Mosaddeghi Heris, R, Bustanji, Y, Butt, NS, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Cagney, J, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Calina, D, Cámera, LA, Campos, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Mossialos, E, Aburuz, S, Cao, C, Cao, F, Cao, Y, Capodici, A, Cárdenas, R, Carr, S, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carugno, A, Motappa, R, Carvalho, F, Abu-Zaid, A, Carvalho, M, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Catapano, AL, Cattaruzza, MS, Caye, A, Alemayohu, MA, Ali, BA, Cederroth, CR, Cegolon, L, Adane, MM, Cenderadewi, M, Cercy, KM, Cerin, E, Chadwick, J, Chakraborty, C, Chakraborty, PA, Chakraborty, S, Mougin, V, Chan, JSK, Chan, RNC, Chandan, JS, Addo, IY, Chandika, RM, Chaturvedi, P, Chen, A-T, Chen, CS, Chen, H, Chen, MX, Mousavi, P, Chen, M, Chen, S, Cheng, C-Y, Cheng, ETW, Addolorato, G, Cherbuin, N, Chi, G, Chichagi, F, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chimoriya, R, Msherghi, A, Ching, PR, Chirinos-Caceres, JL, Chitheer, A, Cho, WCS, Chong, B, Adedoyin, RA, Chopra, H, Chowdhury, R, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Mubarik, S, Chukwu, IS, Chung, E, Chung, S-C, Chutiyami, M, Cioffi, I, Cogen, RM, Adekanmbi, V, Cohen, AJ, Columbus, A, Conde, J, Muccioli, L, Corlateanu, A, Cortese, S, Cortesi, PA, Costa, VM, Costanzo, S, Criqui, MH, Cruz, JA, Aden, B, Cruz-Martins, N, Culbreth, GT, Mueller, UO, da Silva, AG, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dai, Z, Daikwo, PU, Dalli, LL, Damiani, G, D'Amico, E, Adetunji, JB, D'Anna, L, Mulita, F, Darwesh, AM, Das, JK, Das, S, Dash, NR, Dashti, M, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Davis Weaver, N, Davitoiu, DV, De la Hoz, FP, Adeyeoluwa, TE, Mullany, EC, de la Torre-Luque, A, De Leo, D, Debopadhaya, S, Degenhardt, L, Del Bo', C, Delgado-Enciso, I, Delgado-Saborit, JM, Demoze, CK, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Dervenis, N, Munjal, K, Adha, R, Dervišević, E, Desai, HD, Desai, R, Devanbu, VGC, Dewan, SMR, Dhali, A, Dhama, K, Dhane, AS, Dhimal, ML, Marx, W, Murillo-Zamora, E, Dhimal, M, Adibi, A, Dhingra, S, Dhulipala, VR, Dhungana, RR, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Diaz, LA, Diaz, MJ, Dima, A, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Ding, DD, Dinu, M, Adnani, QES, Djalalinia, S, Do, TC, Do, THP, do Prado, CB, Dodangeh, M, Dohare, S, Dokova, KG, Ali, I, Dong, W, Dongarwar, D, D'Oria, M, Adzigbli, LA, Dorostkar, F, Dorsey, ER, Doshi, R, Doshmangir, L, Dowou, RK, Driscoll, TR, Murlimanju, BV, Dsouza, AC, Dsouza, HL, Dumith, SC, Duncan, BB, Afolabi, AA, Duraes, AR, Duraisamy, S, Dushpanova, A, Dzianach, PA, Dziedzic, AM, Musina, A-M, Ebrahimi, A, Echieh, CP, Ed-Dra, A, Edinur, HA, Edvardsson, D, Afolabi, RF, Edvardsson, K, Efendi, F, Eftekharimehrabad, A, Eini, E, Mustafa, G, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, TC, El Arab, RA, El Sayed Zaki, M, El-Dahiyat, F, Elemam, NM, Afshin, A, Elgar, FJ, ElGohary, GMT, Elhabashy, HR, Muthu, S, Elhadi, M, Elmehrath, AO, Elmeligy, OAA, Elshaer, M, Elsohaby, I, Emeto, TI, Esfandiari, N, Afyouni, S, Eshrati, B, Eslami, M, Muthupandian, S, Esmaeili, SV, Estep, K, Etaee, F, Fabin, N, Fagbamigbe, AF, Fagbule, OF, Fahimi, S, Falzone, L, Afzal, MS, Fareed, M, Muthusamy, R, Farinha, CSES, Faris, MEM, Faris, PS, Faro, A, Fasina, FO, Fatehizadeh, A, Fauk, NK, Fazylov, T, Feigin, VL, Afzal, S, Muzaffar, M, Feng, X, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Feroze, AH, Ferrara, P, Ferrari, AJ, Ferreira, N, Fetensa, G, Feyisa, BR, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Maryam, S, Myung, W, Agampodi, SB, Fitriana, I, Flavel, J, Flohr, C, Flood, D, Flor, LS, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Force, LM, Fortuna, D, Nafei, A, Foschi, M, Agbozo, F, Franklin, RC, Freitas, A, Friedman, SD, Fux, B, G, S, Gaal, PA, Gaihre, S, Gajdács, M, Nagarajan, AJ, Galali, Y, Gallus, S, Aghamiri, S, Gandhi, AP, Ganesan, B, Ganiyani, MA, Garcia, V, Gardner, WM, Garg, RK, Gautam, RK, Ali, L, Gebi, TG, Gebregergis, MW, Gebrehiwot, M, Agodi, A, Gebremariam, TBB, Gebremeskel, TG, Gerema, U, Getacher, L, Getahun, GKA, Getie, M, Nagaraju, SP, Ghadirian, F, Ghafarian, S, Ghaffari Jolfayi, A, Ghailan, KY, Agrawal, A, Ghajar, A, Ghasemi, M, Ghasempour Dabaghi, G, Ghasemzadeh, A, Ghassemi, F, Nagel, G, Ghazy, RM, Gholami, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Gholizadeh, N, Ghorbani, M, Agyemang-Duah, W, Gil, AU, Gil, GF, Gilbertson, NM, Gill, PS, Naghavi, M, Gill, TK, Gindaba, EZ, Girmay, A, Glasbey, JC, Gnedovskaya, EV, Göbölös, L, Ahinkorah, BO, Godinho, MA, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Naghavi, P, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gomes, NGM, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, AC, Ahmad, A, Gouravani, M, Goyal, A, Naik, GR, Graham, SM, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Guan, S-Y, Guarducci, G, Gubari, MIM, Guha, A, Guicciardi, S, Ahmad, D, Gulati, S, Naik, G, Gulisashvili, D, Gunawardane, DA, Guo, C, Gupta, AK, Gupta, B, Gupta, M, Gupta, R, Gupta, RD, Ahmad, F, Mathangasinghe, Y, Nainu, F, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Habibzadeh, F, Habibzadeh, P, Hadaro, TS, Hadian, Z, Haep, N, Haghi-Aminjan, H, Nair, TS, Ahmad, N, Haghmorad, D, Hagins, H, Haile, D, Hailu, A, Hajj Ali, A, Halboub, ES, Halimi, A, Hall, BJ, Haller, S, Najdaghi, S, Halwani, R, Ahmad, S, Hamadeh, RR, Hamdy, NM, Hameed, S, Hamidi, S, Hammoud, A, Hanif, A, Hanifi, N, Haq, ZA, Nakhostin Ansari, N, Haque, MR, Harapan, H, Ahmad, T, Hargono, A, Haro, JM, Hasaballah, AI, Hasan, I, Hasan, MJ, Hasan, SMM, Hasani, H, Ali, MU, Hasanian, M, Hashmeh, N, Hasnain, MS, Ahmed, A, Hassan, A, Hassan, I, Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei, MS, Hassani, S, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Nanavaty, DP, Haubold, J, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, SI, Hebert, JJ, Hegazi, OE, Hegena, TY, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Helfer, B, Nangia, V, Hemmati, M, Henson, CA, Herbert, ME, Herteliu, C, Heuer, A, Hezam, K, Hinneh, TK, Hiraike, Y, Hoan, NQ, Narasimha Swamy, S, Holla, R, Hon, J, Hoque, ME, Horita, N, Hossain, S, Hosseini, SE, Ahmed, LA, Hosseinzadeh, H, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Narimani Davani, D, Hostiuc, S, Hoven, H, Hsairi, M, Hsu, JM, Hu, C, Huang, J, Huda, MN, Ahmed, MB, Hulland, EN, Hultström, M, Nascimento, BR, Hushmandi, K, Hussain, J, Hussein, NR, Huynh, CK, Huynh, H-H, Ibitoye, SE, Idowu, OO, Ihler, AL, Ahmed, S, Ikeda, N, Mathioudakis, AG, Nascimento, GG, Ikuta, KS, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Imam, MT, Immurana, M, Inbaraj, LR, Irham, LM, Isa, MA, Ahmed, SA, Nashwan, AJ, Islam, MR, Ismail, F, Ismail, NE, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Iwu, CCD, Iwu-Jaja, CJ, J, V, Jaafari, J, Natto, ZS, Ajami, M, Jacob, L, Jacobsen, KH, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jahankhani, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jahrami, H, Jain, A, Jain, N, Jairoun, AA, Nauman, J, Jaiswal, A, Akalu, GT, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, R, Jamora, RDG, Jatau, AI, Javadov, S, Javaheri, T, Jayaram, S, Jeganathan, J, Navaratna, SNK, Jeswani, BM, Jiang, H, Akara, EM, Johnson, CO, Jokar, M, Jomehzadeh, N, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joseph, A, Joseph, N, Ali, R, Joshi, V, Joshua, CE, Jozwiak, JJ, Akbarialiabad, H, Jürisson, M, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kadashetti, V, Kahn, EM, Naveed, M, Kalani, R, Kaliyadan, F, Kalra, S, Kamath, R, Akhlaghi, S, Kanagasabai, T, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kanmiki, EW, Kanmodi, KK, Nayak, BP, Kansal, SK, Kapner, DJ, Kapoor, N, Karagiannidis, E, Karajizadeh, M, Akinosoglou, K, Karakasis, P, Karanth, SD, Karaye, IM, Karch, A, Nayak, VC, Karim, A, Karimi, H, Karmakar, S, Kashoo, FZ, Kasraei, H, Kassahun, WD, Akinyemiju, T, Kassebaum, NJ, Kassel, MB, Katikireddi, SV, Ndejjo, R, Kauppila, JH, Kawakami, N, Kaydi, N, Kayode, GA, Kazemi, F, Keiyoro, PN, Kemmer, L, Akkaif, MA, Kempen, JH, Kerr, JA, Matozinhos, FP, Nduaguba, SO, Kesse-Guyot, E, Khader, YS, Khafaie, MA, Khajuria, H, Khalaji, A, Khalil, M, Khalilian, A, Khamesipour, F, Akkala, S, Khan, A, Negash, H, Khan, MN, Khan, M, Khan, MJ, Khan, MAB, Khanmohammadi, S, Khatab, K, Khatatbeh, H, Khatatbeh, MM, Khatib, MN, Akombi-Inyang, B, Negoi, I, Khavandegar, A, Khayat Kashani, HR, Khidri, FF, Khodadoust, E, Khormali, M, Khorrami, Z, Khosla, AA, Khosrowjerdi, M, Khreis, H, Khusun, H, Negoi, RI, Al Awaidy, S, Kifle, ZD, Kim, K, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Knibbs, LD, Knudsen, AKS, Nejadghaderi, SA, Koh, DSQ, Al Hasan, SM, Kolahi, A-A, Kompani, F, Kong, J, Koren, G, Korja, M, Korshunov, VA, Korzh, O, Kosen, S, Nejjari, C, Kothari, N, Koul, PA, Alahdab, F, Koulmane Laxminarayana, SL, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Krishnan, B, Krohn, KJ, Kuate Defo, B, Ali, SSS, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kuddus, MA, Kuddus, M, AL-Ahdal, TMA, Kugbey, N, Kuitunen, I, Kulimbet, M, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, A, Kumar, N, Nematollahi, MH, Kumar, V, Kundu, S, Kurmi, OP, Kusnali, A, Alalalmeh, SO, Kusuma, D, Kutluk, T, La Vecchia, C, Ladan, MA, Laflamme, L, Nepal, S, Lahariya, C, Lai, DTC, Lal, DK, Lallukka, T, Lám, J, Alalwan, TA, Lan, Q, Lan, T, Landires, I, Lanfranchi, F, Neupane, S, Langguth, B, Lansingh, VC, Laplante-Lévesque, A, Larijani, B, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Al-Aly, Z, Lauriola, P, Le, H-H, Le, LKD, Mattumpuram, J, Ng, M, Le, NHH, Le, TTT, Leasher, JL, Ledda, C, Lee, M, Lee, PH, Lee, SW, Alam, K, Lee, SWH, Lee, YH, Nguefack-Tsague, G, LeGrand, KE, Leigh, J, Leong, E, Lerango, TL, Lescinsky, H, Leung, J, Li, M-C, Li, W-Z, Alam, N, Li, W, Ngunjiri, JW, Li, Y, Li, Z, Ligade, VS, Lim, L-L, Lim, SS, Lin, R-T, Lin, S, Liu, C, Liu, G, Alanezi, FM, Nguyen, DH, Liu, J, Liu, RT, Liu, S, Liu, W, Liu, X, Livingstone, KM, Llanaj, E, Lohiya, A, Nguyen, NNY, Alanzi, TM, López-Bueno, R, Lopukhov, PD, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, R, Lubinda, J, Lucchetti, G, Luo, L, lv, H, Nguyen, PT, M Amin, HI, Albakri, A, Ma, ZF, Maass, KL, Mabrok, M, Machairas, N, Machoy, M, Mafhoumi, A, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Maghazachi, AA, Mahadeshwara Prasad, DR, Maharaj, SB, AlBataineh, MT, Mahmoud, MA, Mahmoudi, E, Majeed, A, Makram, OM, Makris, KC, Malasala, S, Maled, V, Ali, W, Malhotra, K, Malik, AA, Malik, I, Aldhaleei, WA, Malinga, LA, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Manda, AL, Manla, Y, Mansour, A, Nguyen, VT, Mansouri, B, Mansouri, P, Mansourian, M, Mansournia, MA, Aldridge, RW, Mantovani, LG, Manu, E, Marateb, HR, Maravilla, JC, Marsh, E, Nguyen Tran Minh, D, Martinez, G, Martinez-Piedra, R, Martini, S, Martins-Melo, FR, Martorell, M, Maugeri, A, Niazi, RK, Nicholson, SI, Nie, J, Nikoobar, A, Nikpoor, AR, Ningrum, DNA, Nnaji, CA, Noman, EA, Alicandro, G, Nomura, S, Maulik, PK, Noroozi, N, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nri-Ezedi, CA, Ntaios, G, Ntsekhe, M, Nunemo, MH, Nurrika, D, Nutor, JJ, Alif, SM, Mayeli, M, Oancea, B, O'Connell, EM, Odetokun, IA, O'Donnell, MJ, Oduro, MS, Ogunfowokan, AA, Ogunkoya, A, Oh, I-H, Okati-Aliabad, H, Okeke, SR, Mazidi, M, Aljunid, SM, Okekunle, AP, Okonji, OC, Olagunju, AT, Olasupo, OO, Olatubi, MI, Oliveira, AB, Oliveira, GMM, Olorukooba, AA, Olufadewa, II, Alemu, YM, Olusanya, BO, Alla, F, Olusanya, JO, Oluwafemi, YD, Omar, HA, Omar Bali, A, Omer, GL, Ong, KL, Ong, S, Onwujekwe, OE, Mazzotti, A, Onyedibe, KI, Oppong, AF, Abd ElHafeez, S, Al-Marwani, S, Ordak, M, Orish, VN, Ornello, R, Orpana, HM, Ortiz, A, Ortiz-Prado, E, McGrath, JJ, Osman, WMS, Ostroff, SM, Osuagwu, UL, Otoiu, A, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Ouyahia, A, Owolabi, MO, Oyeyemi, IT, McKee, M, Oyeyemi, OT, P A, MP, Pacheco-Barrios, K, Padron-Monedero, A, Padubidri, JR, Almustanyir, S, Pal, PK, Palicz, T, Pan, F, Pan, H-F, McKowen, ALW, Pana, A, Panda, SK, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Pandi-Perumal, SR, Pangaribuan, HU, Alomari, MA, Pantazopoulos, I, Pantea Stoian, AM, Papadopoulou, P, McLaughlin, SA, Parent, MC, Parija, PP, Parikh, RR, Park, S, Parsons, N, Pashaei, A, Alonso, J, Pasovic, M, Passera, R, McPhail, MA, Patil, S, Patoulias, D, Patthipati, VS, Paudel, U, Pawar, S, Pazoki Toroudi, H, Peden, AE, Pedersini, P, Alqahtani, JS, Peng, M, McPhail, SM, Pensato, U, Pepito, VCF, Peprah, EK, Peprah, P, Peres, MFP, Perianayagam, A, Perico, N, Perna, S, Pesudovs, K, Alqutaibi, AY, Mechili, EA, Petcu, I-R, Petermann-Rocha, FE, Pham, HT, Philip, AK, Phillips, MR, Pickering, BV, Pierannunzio, D, Pigeolet, M, Pigott, DM, Piracha, ZZ, Mehmood, A, Al-Raddadi, RM, Piradov, MA, Pisoni, E, Piyasena, MP, Plass, D, Plotnikov, E, Poddighe, D, Polkinghorne, KR, Poluru, R, Pond, CD, Mehmood, K, Popovic, DS, Alrawashdeh, A, Porru, F, Postma, MJ, Poudel, GR, Pour-Rashidi, A, Pourshams, A, Pourtaheri, N, Prabhu, D, Prada, SI, Al-Fatly, B, Pradhan, J, Pradhan, PMS, Al-Rifai, RH, Prasad, M, Prates, EJS, Purnobasuki, H, Purohit, BM, Puvvula, J, Qasim, NH, Qattea, I, Mehrabani-Zeinabad, K, Qazi, AS, Qian, G, Qiu, S, Abd-Elsalam, S, Alrousan, SM, Rabiee Rad, M, Radfar, A, Radhakrishnan, RA, Radhakrishnan, V, Raeisi Shahraki, H, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Rafferty, Q, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Raghav, PR, Raheem, N, Al-Sabah, SK, Rahim, F, Rahim, MJ, Rahimifard, M, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Meier, T, Rahman, MO, Rahman, MA, Rahmani, AM, Rahmani, B, Rahmanian, M, Rahmanian, N, Alshahrani, NZ, Rahmanian, V, Rahmati, M, Rahmawaty, S, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Raimondo, D, Rajaa, S, Rajendran, V, Rajput, P, Ramadan, MM, Ramasamy, SK, Ramasubramani, P, Altaany, Z, Ramazanu, S, Ramteke, PW, Mekene Meto, T, Rana, J, Rana, K, Ranabhat, CL, Rane, A, Rani, U, Ranta, A, Rao, CR, Rao, M, Altaf, A, Rao, PC, Mekonnen, BD, Rao, SJ, Rasella, D, Rashedi, S, Rashedi, V, Rashidi, M, Rashidi, M-M, Rasouli-Saravani, A, Ratan, ZA, Rathnaiah Babu, G, Al-Tawfiq, JA, Menezes, RG, Rauniyar, SK, Rautalin, I, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Razo, C, Reda, ZFF, Reddy, MMRK, Redwan, EMM, Reifels, L, Mengist, B, Altirkawi, KA, Reitsma, MB, Remuzzi, G, Reshmi, B, Resnikoff, S, Restaino, S, Reyes, LF, Rezaei, M, Rezaei, N, Mensah, GA, Rezaeian, M, Aluh, DO, Rhee, TG, Riaz, MA, Ribeiro, ALP, Rickard, J, Robinson-Oden, HE, Rodrigues, CF, Rodrigues, M, Rodriguez, JAB, Mensah, LG, Roever, L, Romadlon, DS, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ronfani, L, Rosauer, JJ, Roshandel, G, Rostamian, M, Rotimi, K, Rout, HS, Roy, B, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Roy, N, Rubagotti, E, Ruela, GDA, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Rumisha, SF, Runghien, T, Russo, M, Ruzzante, SW, S N, C, Saad, AMA, Mentis, A-FA, Saber, K, Saber-Ayad, MM, Sabour, S, Sacco, S, Abdi, P, Alwafi, H, Sachdev, PS, Sachdeva, R, Saddik, B, Saddler, A, Meo, SA, Sadee, BA, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghi, M, Sadeghi Majd, E, Saeb, MR, Saeed, U, Al-Wardat, MS, Safari, M, Safi, S, Safi, SZ, Meretoja, A, Sagar, R, Sagoe, D, Saheb Sharif-Askari, F, Saheb Sharif-Askari, N, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, SS, Sahu, M, Al-Worafi, YM, Saif, Z, Sajid, MR, Meretoja, TJ, Sakshaug, JW, Salam, N, Salamati, P, Salami, AA, Salaroli, LB, Salehi, L, Salehi, S, Salem, MR, Aly, H, Salem, MZY, Mersha, AM, Salihu, D, Salimi, S, Salum, GA, Samadi Kafil, H, Samadzadeh, S, Samodra, YL, Samuel, VP, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Aly, S, Mesfin, BA, Sanjeev, RK, Sanna, F, Santomauro, DF, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarasmita, MA, Saraswathy, SYI, Saravanan, A, Saravi, B, Sarikhani, Y, Sarmiento-Suárez, R, Mestrovic, T, Alzoubi, KH, Sarode, GS, Sarode, SC, Sartorius, B, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sattin, D, Sawhney, M, Saya, GK, Sayeed, A, Mettananda, KCD, Sayeed, MA, Al-Zyoud, W, Sayyah, M, Schinckus, C, Schmidt, MI, Schuermans, A, Schumacher, AE, Schutte, AE, Schwarzinger, M, 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PR, Raheem, N, Al-Sabah, SK, Rahim, F, Rahim, MJ, Rahimifard, M, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Meier, T, Rahman, MO, Rahman, MA, Rahmani, AM, Rahmani, B, Rahmanian, M, Rahmanian, N, Alshahrani, NZ, Rahmanian, V, Rahmati, M, Rahmawaty, S, Mejia-Rodriguez, F, Raimondo, D, Rajaa, S, Rajendran, V, Rajput, P, Ramadan, MM, Ramasamy, SK, Ramasubramani, P, Altaany, Z, Ramazanu, S, Ramteke, PW, Mekene Meto, T, Rana, J, Rana, K, Ranabhat, CL, Rane, A, Rani, U, Ranta, A, Rao, CR, Rao, M, Altaf, A, Rao, PC, Mekonnen, BD, Rao, SJ, Rasella, D, Rashedi, S, Rashedi, V, Rashidi, M, Rashidi, M-M, Rasouli-Saravani, A, Ratan, ZA, Rathnaiah Babu, G, Al-Tawfiq, JA, Menezes, RG, Rauniyar, SK, Rautalin, I, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Razo, C, Reda, ZFF, Reddy, MMRK, Redwan, EMM, Reifels, L, Mengist, B, Altirkawi, KA, Reitsma, MB, Remuzzi, G, Reshmi, B, Resnikoff, S, Restaino, S, Reyes, LF, Rezaei, M, Rezaei, N, Mensah, GA, Rezaeian, M, Aluh, DO, Rhee, TG, Riaz, MA, Ribeiro, ALP, Rickard, J, Robinson-Oden, HE, Rodrigues, CF, Rodrigues, M, Rodriguez, JAB, Mensah, LG, Roever, L, Romadlon, DS, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ronfani, L, Rosauer, JJ, Roshandel, G, Rostamian, M, Rotimi, K, Rout, HS, Roy, B, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Roy, N, Rubagotti, E, Ruela, GDA, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Rumisha, SF, Runghien, T, Russo, M, Ruzzante, SW, S N, C, Saad, AMA, Mentis, A-FA, Saber, K, Saber-Ayad, MM, Sabour, S, Sacco, S, Abdi, P, Alwafi, H, Sachdev, PS, Sachdeva, R, Saddik, B, Saddler, A, Meo, SA, Sadee, BA, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghi, M, Sadeghi Majd, E, Saeb, MR, Saeed, U, Al-Wardat, MS, Safari, M, Safi, S, Safi, SZ, Meretoja, A, Sagar, R, Sagoe, D, Saheb Sharif-Askari, F, Saheb Sharif-Askari, N, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, SS, Sahu, M, Al-Worafi, YM, Saif, Z, Sajid, MR, Meretoja, TJ, Sakshaug, JW, Salam, N, Salamati, P, Salami, AA, Salaroli, LB, Salehi, L, Salehi, S, Salem, MR, Aly, H, Salem, MZY, Mersha, AM, Salihu, D, Salimi, S, Salum, GA, Samadi Kafil, H, Samadzadeh, S, Samodra, YL, Samuel, VP, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Aly, S, Mesfin, BA, Sanjeev, RK, Sanna, F, Santomauro, DF, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarasmita, MA, Saraswathy, SYI, Saravanan, A, Saravi, B, Sarikhani, Y, Sarmiento-Suárez, R, Mestrovic, T, Alzoubi, KH, Sarode, GS, Sarode, SC, Sartorius, B, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sattin, D, Sawhney, M, Saya, GK, Sayeed, A, Mettananda, KCD, Sayeed, MA, Al-Zyoud, W, Sayyah, M, Schinckus, C, Schmidt, MI, Schuermans, A, Schumacher, AE, Schutte, AE, Schwarzinger, M, Schwebel, DC, Mettananda, S, Schwendicke, F, Selvaraj, S, Amaechi, UA, Semreen, MH, Senthilkumaran, S, Serban, D, Serre, ML, Sethi, Y, Shafie, M, Shah, H, Miazgowski, T, Shah, NS, Shah, PA, Shah, SM, Aman Mohammadi, M, Shahbandi, A, Shaheen, AA, Shahid, S, Shahid, W, Shahsavari, HR, Shahwan, MJ, Al-Habbal, K, Shaikh, MA, Shaikh, SZ, Shalash, AS, Sham, S, Amani, R, Shamim, MA, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamshirgaran, MA, Shamsi, MA, Shanawaz, M, Micha, G, Shankar, A, Sharfaei, S, Sharifan, A, Sharifi-Rad, J, Sharma, M, Abdollahi, M, Amiri, S, Sharma, U, Sharma, V, 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EM, Stanaway, JD, Stanikzai, MH, Stein, C, Anderlini, D, Stein, DJ, Steinbeis, F, Steiner, C, Steinke, S, Steiropoulos, P, Stockfelt, L, Mirshahi, A, Stokes, MA, Straif, K, Stranges, S, Subedi, N, Anderson, JA, Subramaniyan, V, Suleman, M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, R, Sundström, J, Sunkersing, D, Alhabib, KF, Sunnerhagen, KS, Suresh, V, Swain, CK, Szarpak, L, Szeto, MD, Andrade, PP, Tabaee Damavandi, P, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabatabaei, SM, Tabatabaei Malazy, O, Mirzaei, M, Tabatabaeizadeh, S-A, Tabatabai, S, Tabche, C, Tabish, M, Tadakamadla, SK, Taheri Abkenar, Y, Abdoun, M, Andrei, CL, Taheri Soodejani, M, Taherkhani, A, Mishra, AK, Taiba, J, Takahashi, K, Talaat, IM, Tamuzi, JL, Tan, K-K, Tang, H, Tat, NY, Taveira, N, Andrei, T, Tefera, YM, Mishra, V, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temesgen, WA, Temsah, M-H, Teramoto, M, Terefa, DR, Teye-Kwadjo, E, Thakur, R, Thangaraju, P, Thankappan, KR, Anenberg, SC, Mitchell, PB, Thapar, R, Thayakaran, R, Thirunavukkarasu, S, Thomas, N, Thomas, NK, Tian, J, Tichopad, A, Ticoalu, JHV, Tiruye, TY, Tobe-Gai, R, Mithra, P, Angappan, D, Tolani, MA, Tolossa, T, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Topouzis, F, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Trabelsi, K, Tran, JT, Mittal, C, Tran, MTN, Angus, C, Tran, NM, Trico, D, Trihandini, I, Troeger, CE, Tromans, SJ, Truyen, TTTT, Tsatsakis, A, Tsermpini, EE, Moazen, B, Tumurkhuu, M, Udoakang, AJ, Anil, A, Udoh, A, Ullah, A, Ullah, S, Umair, M, Umakanthan, S, Unim, B, Moberg, ME, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Urso, D, Anil, S, Usman, JS, Vaithinathan, AG, Vakili, O, Valenti, M, Valizadeh, R, Van den Eynde, J, Mocciaro, G, van Donkelaar, A, Varga, O, Vart, P, Varthya, SB, Anjum, A, Vasankari, TJ, Vasic, M, Vaziri, S, Venketasubramanian, N, Verghese, NA, Mohamadkhani, A, Verma, M, Veroux, M, Verras, G-I, Vervoort, D, Villafañe, JH, Anoushiravani, A, Villalobos-Daniel, VE, Villani, L, Villanueva, GI, Vinayak, M, Alhassan, RK, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Vollset, SE, Volovat, SR, Vos, T, Antonazzo, IC, Vujcic, IS, Waheed, Y, Wang, C, Mohamed, AZ, Wang, F, Wang, S, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Wanjau, MN, Waqas, M, Ward, P, Abdulah, DM, Antony, CM, Waris, A, Mohamed, AI, Wassie, EG, Weerakoon, KG, Weintraub, RG, Weiss, DJ, Weiss, EJ, Weldetinsaa, HLL, Wells, KM, Wen, YF, Wiangkham, T, Antriyandarti, E, Mohamed, J, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wilkerson, C, Willeit, P, Wilson, S, Wong, YJ, Wongsin, U, Wozniak, S, Wu, C, Wu, D, Wu, F, Mohamed, MFH, Anuoluwa, BS, Wu, Z, Xia, J, Xiao, H, Xu, S, Xu, X, Xu, YY, Yadav, MK, Yaghoubi, S, Yamagishi, K, Mohamed, NS, Yang, L, Anvari, D, Yano, Y, Yaribeygi, H, Yasufuku, Y, Ye, P, Yesodharan, R, Yesuf, SA, Yezli, S, Yi, S, Mohammadi, E, Yiğit, A, Yigzaw, ZA, Anvari, S, Yin, D, Yip, P, Yismaw, MB, Yon, DK, Yonemoto, N, You, Y, Younis, MZ, Mohammadi, S, Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Anwar, S, Zadey, S, Zadnik, V, Zakham, F, Zaki, N, Zakzuk, J, Zamagni, G, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Zaman, SB, Zandieh, GGZ, Zanghì, A, Zar, HJ, Anwar, SL, Zare, I, Zarimeidani, F, Zastrozhin, MS, Zeng, Y, Zhai, C, Mohammadifard, N, Zhang, AL, Zhang, H, Zhang, L, Zhang, M, Zhang, Y, Anwer, R, Zhang, Z, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, H, Zhao, JT, Mohammed, H, Zhao, X-JG, Zhao, Y, Zhong, C, Zhou, J, Anyabolo, EE, Zhou, S, Zhu, B, Zhu, L, Ali, A, Zhu, Z, Ziaeian, B, Ziafati, M, Zielińska, M, Zimsen, SRM, Zoghi, G, Zoller, T, Anyasodor, AE, Zumla, A, Zyoud, SH, Mohammed, M, Murray, CJL, Gakidou, E, Abdullahi, A, Apostol, GLC, Arabloo, J, Arabzadeh Bahri, R, Arafat, M, Areda, D, Aregawi, BB, Mohammed, S, Aremu, A, Armocida, B, Arndt, MB, Ärnlöv, J, Abebe, M, Arooj, M, Artamonov, AA, Artanti, KD, Aruleba, IT, Arumugam, A, Asbeutah, AM, Asgary, S, Asgedom, AA, Ashbaugh, C, Ashemo, MY, Abedi, A, Ashraf, T, Askarinejad, A, Assmus, M, Astell-Burt, T, Mokdad, AH, Athar, M, Athari, SS, Atorkey, P, Atreya, A, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awoke, AA, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Monasta, L, Ayatollahi, H, Ayestas Portugal, C, Ayuso-Mateos, JL, Azadnajafabad, S, Azevedo, RMS, Azhar, GS, Azizi, H, Abegaz, TM, Azzam, AY, Backhaus, IL, Mondello, S, Badar, M, Badiye, AD, Bagga, A, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bahrami Taghanaki, P, Bai, R, Abeldaño Zuñiga, RA, Baig, AA, Moni, MA, Baker, JL, Bakkannavar, SM, Balasubramanian, M, Baltatu, OC, Bam, K, Bandyopadhyay, S, Banik, B, Banik, PC, Banke-Thomas, A, Abiodun, O, Moodi Ghalibaf, A, Bansal, H, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Bardideh, E, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Barone-Adesi, F, Barqawi, HJ, Barrero, LH, Barrow, A, Moore, CE, Abiso, TL, Barteit, S, Basharat, Z, Basiru, A, Basso, JD, Bastan, M-M, Basu, S, Batchu, S, Batra, K, Batra, R, Moradi, M, Baune, BT, Aboagye, RG, Bayati, M, Bayileyegn, NS, Beaney, T, Behnoush, AH, Beiranvand, M, Béjot, Y, Bekele, A, Belgaumi, UI, Bell, AW, Bell, ML, Abolhassani, H, Bello, MB, Bello, OO, Belo, L, Beloukas, A, Bendak, S, Bennett, DA, and Bennitt, FB
Published: 2024

2. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Brauer, M, Roth, GA, Aravkin, AY, Zheng, P, Abate, KH, Abate, YH, Abbafati, C, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasi, MA, Abbasian, M, Abbasifard, M, Moradi, Y, Bensenor, IM, Benzian, H, Beran, A, Abouzid, M, Berezvai, Z, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, RS, Bettencourt, PJG, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Moraga, P, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Aboye, GB, Bhat, AN, Bhat, V, Bhatti, GK, Bhatti, JS, Bhatti, MS, Morawska, L, Bhatti, R, Bhuiyan, MA, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Bishai, JD, Abreu, LG, Bisignano, C, Biswas, A, Biswas, B, Biswas, RK, Moreira, RS, Bjørge, T, Boachie, MK, Boakye, H, Bockarie, MJ, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, AO, Abualruz, H, Bogale, EK, Bolla, SR, Boloor, A, Morovatdar, N, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Boppana, SH, Bora Basara, B, Borhany, H, Botero Carvajal, A, Bouaoud, S, Boufous, S, Abubakar, B, Bourne, R, Boxe, C, Morrison, SD, Braithwaite, D, Brant, LC, Brar, A, Breitborde, NJK, Breitner, S, Brenner, H, Briko, AN, Britton, G, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Brown, CS, Morze, J, Browne, AJ, Brunoni, AR, Bryazka, D, Bulamu, NB, Bulto, LN, Buonsenso, D, Burkart, K, Burns, RA, Busse, R, Abukhadijah, HJJ, Mosaddeghi Heris, R, Bustanji, Y, Butt, NS, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Cagney, J, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Calina, D, Cámera, LA, Campos, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Mossialos, E, Aburuz, S, Cao, C, Cao, F, Cao, Y, Capodici, A, Cárdenas, R, Carr, S, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carugno, A, Motappa, R, Carvalho, F, Abu-Zaid, A, Carvalho, M, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Catapano, AL, Cattaruzza, MS, Caye, A, Alemayohu, MA, Ali, BA, Cederroth, CR, Cegolon, L, Adane, MM, Cenderadewi, M, Cercy, KM, Cerin, E, Chadwick, J, Chakraborty, C, Chakraborty, PA, Chakraborty, S, Mougin, V, Chan, JSK, Chan, RNC, Chandan, JS, Addo, IY, Chandika, RM, Chaturvedi, P, Chen, A-T, Chen, CS, Chen, H, Chen, MX, Mousavi, P, Chen, M, Chen, S, Cheng, C-Y, Cheng, ETW, Addolorato, G, Cherbuin, N, Chi, G, Chichagi, F, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chimoriya, R, Msherghi, A, Ching, PR, Chirinos-Caceres, JL, Chitheer, A, Cho, WCS, Chong, B, Adedoyin, RA, Chopra, H, Chowdhury, R, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Mubarik, S, Chukwu, IS, Chung, E, Chung, S-C, Chutiyami, M, Cioffi, I, Cogen, RM, Adekanmbi, V, Cohen, AJ, Columbus, A, Conde, J, Muccioli, L, Corlateanu, A, Cortese, S, Cortesi, PA, Costa, VM, Costanzo, S, Criqui, MH, Cruz, JA, Aden, B, Cruz-Martins, N, Culbreth, GT, Mueller, UO, da Silva, AG, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dai, Z, Daikwo, PU, Dalli, LL, Damiani, G, D'Amico, E, Adetunji, JB, D'Anna, L, Mulita, F, Darwesh, AM, Das, JK, Das, S, Dash, NR, Dashti, M, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Davis Weaver, N, Davitoiu, DV, De la Hoz, FP, Adeyeoluwa, TE, Mullany, EC, de la Torre-Luque, A, De Leo, D, Debopadhaya, S, Degenhardt, L, Del Bo', C, Delgado-Enciso, I, Delgado-Saborit, JM, Demoze, CK, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Dervenis, N, Munjal, K, Adha, R, Dervišević, E, Desai, HD, Desai, R, Devanbu, VGC, Dewan, SMR, Dhali, A, Dhama, K, Dhane, AS, Dhimal, ML, Marx, W, Murillo-Zamora, E, Dhimal, M, Adibi, A, Dhingra, S, Dhulipala, VR, Dhungana, RR, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Diaz, LA, Diaz, MJ, Dima, A, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Ding, DD, Dinu, M, Adnani, QES, Djalalinia, S, Do, TC, Do, THP, do Prado, CB, Dodangeh, M, Dohare, S, Dokova, KG, Ali, I, Dong, W, Dongarwar, D, D'Oria, M, Adzigbli, LA, Dorostkar, F, Dorsey, ER, Doshi, R, Doshmangir, L, Dowou, RK, Driscoll, TR, Murlimanju, BV, Dsouza, AC, Dsouza, HL, Dumith, SC, Duncan, BB, Afolabi, AA, Duraes, AR, Duraisamy, S, Dushpanova, A, Dzianach, PA, Dziedzic, AM, Musina, A-M, Ebrahimi, A, Echieh, CP, Ed-Dra, A, Edinur, HA, Edvardsson, D, Afolabi, RF, Edvardsson, K, Efendi, F, Eftekharimehrabad, A, Eini, E, Mustafa, G, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, TC, El Arab, RA, El Sayed Zaki, M, El-Dahiyat, F, Elemam, NM, Afshin, A, Elgar, FJ, ElGohary, GMT, Elhabashy, HR, Muthu, S, Elhadi, M, Elmehrath, AO, Elmeligy, OAA, Elshaer, M, Elsohaby, I, Emeto, TI, Esfandiari, N, Afyouni, S, Eshrati, B, Eslami, M, 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A, Ghailan, KY, Agrawal, A, Ghajar, A, Ghasemi, M, Ghasempour Dabaghi, G, Ghasemzadeh, A, Ghassemi, F, Nagel, G, Ghazy, RM, Gholami, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Gholizadeh, N, Ghorbani, M, Agyemang-Duah, W, Gil, AU, Gil, GF, Gilbertson, NM, Gill, PS, Naghavi, M, Gill, TK, Gindaba, EZ, Girmay, A, Glasbey, JC, Gnedovskaya, EV, Göbölös, L, Ahinkorah, BO, Godinho, MA, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Naghavi, P, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gomes, NGM, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, AC, Ahmad, A, Gouravani, M, Goyal, A, Naik, GR, Graham, SM, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Guan, S-Y, Guarducci, G, Gubari, MIM, Guha, A, Guicciardi, S, Ahmad, D, Gulati, S, Naik, G, Gulisashvili, D, Gunawardane, DA, Guo, C, Gupta, AK, Gupta, B, Gupta, M, Gupta, R, Gupta, RD, Ahmad, F, Mathangasinghe, Y, Nainu, F, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Habibzadeh, F, Habibzadeh, P, Hadaro, TS, Hadian, Z, Haep, N, Haghi-Aminjan, H, Nair, TS, Ahmad, N, Haghmorad, D, Hagins, H, Haile, D, Hailu, A, Hajj Ali, A, Halboub, ES, 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GS, Azizi, H, Abegaz, TM, Azzam, AY, Backhaus, IL, Mondello, S, Badar, M, Badiye, AD, Bagga, A, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bahrami Taghanaki, P, Bai, R, Abeldaño Zuñiga, RA, Baig, AA, Moni, MA, Baker, JL, Bakkannavar, SM, Balasubramanian, M, Baltatu, OC, Bam, K, Bandyopadhyay, S, Banik, B, Banik, PC, Banke-Thomas, A, Abiodun, O, Moodi Ghalibaf, A, Bansal, H, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Bardideh, E, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Barone-Adesi, F, Barqawi, HJ, Barrero, LH, Barrow, A, Moore, CE, Abiso, TL, Barteit, S, Basharat, Z, Basiru, A, Basso, JD, Bastan, M-M, Basu, S, Batchu, S, Batra, K, Batra, R, Moradi, M, Baune, BT, Aboagye, RG, Bayati, M, Bayileyegn, NS, Beaney, T, Behnoush, AH, Beiranvand, M, Béjot, Y, Bekele, A, Belgaumi, UI, Bell, AW, Bell, ML, Abolhassani, H, Bello, MB, Bello, OO, Belo, L, Beloukas, A, Bendak, S, Bennett, DA, and Bennitt, FB
Published: 2024

3. Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Ferrari, AJ, Santomauro, DF, Aali, A, Abate, YH, Abbafati, C, Abbastabar, H, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdollahi, A, Abdullahi, A, Abegaz, KH, Abeldaño Zuñiga, RA, Aboagye, RG, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abualruz, H, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Ackerman, IN, Addo, IY, Addolorato, G, Adebiyi, AO, Adepoju, AV, Adewuyi, HO, Afyouni, S, Afzal, S, Agodi, A, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, S, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, LA, Ahmed, MB, Ajami, M, Akinosoglou, K, Akkaif, MA, Al Hasan, SM, Alalalmeh, SO, Al-Aly, Z, Albashtawy, M, Aldridge, RW, Alemu, MD, Alemu, YM, Alene, KA, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Alharrasi, M, Alhassan, RK, Ali, MU, Ali, R, Ali, SSS, Alif, SM, Aljunid, SM, Al-Marwani, S, Almazan, JU, Alomari, MA, Al-Omari, B, Altaany, Z, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Alwafi, H, Al-Wardat, MS, Al-Worafi, YM, Aly, S, Alzoubi, KH, Amare, AT, Amegbor, PM, Ameyaw, EK, Amin, TT, Amindarolzarbi, A, Amiri, S, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, DB, Andrade, PP, Andrei, CL, Ansari, H, Antony, CM, Anwar, S, Anwar, SL, Anwer, R, Anyanwu, PE, Arab, JP, Arabloo, J, Arafat, M, Araki, DT, Aravkin, AY, Arkew, M, Armocida, B, Arndt, MB, Arooj, M, Artamonov, AA, Aruleba, RT, Arumugam, A, Ashbaugh, C, Ashemo, MY, Ashraf, M, Asika, MO, Askari, E, Astell-Burt, T, Athari, SS, Atorkey, P, Atout, MMW, Atreya, A, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Avan, A, Awotidebe, AW, Awuviry-Newton, K, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayuso-Mateos, JL, Azadnajafabad, S, Azevedo, RMS, Babu, AS, Badar, M, Badiye, AD, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, N, Bah, S, Bai, R, Baker, JL, Bakkannavar, SM, Bako, AT, Balakrishnan, S, Bam, K, Banik, PC, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Bardideh, E, Barker-Collo, SL, Barqawi, HJ, Barrow, A, Barteit, S, Barua, L, Bashiri Aliabadi, S, Basiru, A, Basu, S, Bathini, PP, Batra, K, Baune, BT, Bayileyegn, NS, Behnam, B, Behnoush, AH, Beiranvand, M, Bejarano Ramirez, DF, Bell, ML, Bello, OO, Beloukas, A, Bensenor, IM, Berezvai, Z, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, RS, Bettencourt, PJG, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhala, N, Bhandari, D, Bhargava, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, V, Bhatti, GK, Bhatti, JS, Bhatti, MS, Bhatti, R, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Bishai, JD, Bisignano, C, Bitra, VR, Bjørge, T, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, AO, Bogale, EK, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Bonny, A, Bora Basara, B, Borhany, H, Boxe, C, Brady, OJ, Bragazzi, NL, Braithwaite, D, Brant, LC, Brauer, M, Breitner, S, Brenner, H, Brown, J, Brugha, T, Bulamu, NB, Buonsenso, D, Burkart, K, Burns, RA, Busse, R, Bustanji, Y, Butt, ZA, Byun, J, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Calina, D, Cámera, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cao, C, Capodici, A, Carr, S, Carreras, G, Carugno, A, Carvalho, M, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catapano, AL, Cattaruzza, MS, Caye, A, Cegolon, L, Cembranel, F, Cenderadewi, M, Cerin, E, Chakraborty, PA, Chan, JSK, Chan, RNC, Chandika, RM, Chandrasekar, EK, Charalampous, P, Chattu, VK, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, V, Chen, AW, Chen, A-T, Chen, CS, Chen, H, Chen, NM, Cheng, ETW, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chimoriya, R, Ching, PR, Cho, WCS, Choi, S, Chong, B, Chong, YY, Choudhari, SG, Chowdhury, R, Christensen, SWM, Chu, D-T, Chukwu, IS, Chung, E, Chutiyami, M, Claassens, MM, Cogen, RM, Columbus, A, Conde, J, Cortesi, PA, Cousin, E, Criqui, MH, Cruz-Martins, N, Dadras, O, Dai, S, Dai, X, Dai, Z, Dalaba, MA, Damiani, G, Das, JK, Das, S, Dashti, M, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Davletov, K, De Leo, D, Debele, AT, Debopadhaya, S, DeCleene, NK, Deeba, F, Degenhardt, L, Del Bo', C, Delgado-Enciso, I, Demetriades, AK, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Dervenis, N, Desai, HD, Desai, R, Deuba, K, Dhama, K, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhingra, S, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Diaz, LA, Diaz, MJ, Dima, A, Ding, DD, Dirac, MA, Do, THP, do Prado, CB, Dohare, S, Dominguez, R-MV, Dong, W, Dongarwar, D, D'Oria, M, Dorsey, ER, Doshmangir, L, Dowou, RK, Driscoll, TR, Dsouza, HL, Dsouza, V, Dube, J, Dumith, SC, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Duraisamy, S, Durojaiye, OC, Dzianach, PA, Dziedzic, AM, Eboreime, E, Ebrahimi, A, Edinur, HA, Edvardsson, D, Eikemo, TA, Eini, E, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, TC, El Sayed, I, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Elemam, NM, ElGohary, GMT, Elhadi, M, Elmeligy, OAA, ELNahas, G, Elshaer, M, Elsohaby, I, Engelbert Bain, L, Erkhembayar, R, Eshrati, B, Estep, K, Fabin, N, Fagbamigbe, AF, Falzone, L, Fareed, M, Farinha, CSES, Faris, MEM, Faro, A, Farrokhi, P, Fatehizadeh, A, Fauk, NK, Feigin, VL, Feng, X, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Feroze, AH, Ferreira, N, Ferreira, PH, Fischer, F, Flavel, J, Flood, D, Flor, LS, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Force, LM, Fortuna, D, Foschi, M, Franklin, RC, Freitas, A, Fukumoto, T, Furtado, JM, Gaal, PA, Gadanya, MA, Gaidhane, AM, Gaihre, S, Galali, Y, Ganbat, M, Gandhi, AP, Ganesan, B, Ganie, MA, Ganiyani, MA, Gardner, WM, Gebi, TG, Gebregergis, MW, Gebrehiwot, M, Gebremariam, TBB, Gebremeskel, TG, Gela, YY, Georgescu, SR, Getachew Obsa, A, Gething, PW, Getie, M, Ghadiri, K, Ghadirian, F, Ghailan, KY, Ghajar, A, Ghasemi, M, Ghasempour Dabaghi, G, Ghasemzadeh, A, Ghazy, RM, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Ghorbani, M, Ghotbi, E, Gibson, RM, Gill, TK, Ginindza, TG, Girmay, A, Glasbey, JC, Göbölös, L, Godinho, MA, Goharinezhad, S, Goldust, M, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Gona, PN, Gorini, G, Goulart, AC, Grada, A, Grivna, M, Guan, S-Y, Guarducci, G, Gubari, MIM, Gudeta, MD, Guha, A, Guicciardi, S, Gulati, S, Gulisashvili, D, Gunawardane, DA, Guo, C, Gupta, AK, Gupta, B, Gupta, I, Gupta, M, Gupta, R, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Gutiérrez, RA, Habibzadeh, F, Habibzadeh, P, Haddadi, R, Hadi, NR, Haep, N, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hafiz, A, Hagins, H, Halboub, ES, Halimi, A, Haller, S, Halwani, R, Hamilton, EB, Hankey, GJ, Hannan, MA, Haque, MN, Harapan, H, Haro, JM, Hartvigsen, J, Hasaballah, AI, Hasan, I, Hasanian, M, Hasnain, MS, Hassan, A, Haubold, J, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, SI, Hayat, K, Hebert, JJ, Hegazi, OE, Heidari, G, Helfer, B, Hemmati, M, Hendrie, D, Henson, CA, Hezam, K, Hiraike, Y, Hoan, NQ, Holla, R, Hon, J, Hossain, MM, Hosseinzadeh, H, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hsu, JM, Huang, J, Hugo, FN, Hushmandi, K, Hussain, J, Hussein, NR, Huynh, CK, Huynh, H-H, Hwang, B-F, Iannucci, VC, Ihler, AL, Ikiroma, AI, Ikuta, KS, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Imam, MT, Immurana, M, Irham, LM, Islam, MR, Islam, SMS, Islami, F, Ismail, F, Ismail, NE, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Iwu, CCD, Iyer, M, Jaafari, J, Jacobsen, KH, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jafarinia, M, Jaggi, K, Jahankhani, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jahrami, H, Jain, A, Jain, N, Jairoun, AA, Jaiswal, A, Jakovljevic, M, Jatau, AI, Javadov, S, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jee, SH, Jeganathan, J, Jeyakumar, A, Jha, AK, Jiang, H, Jin, Y, Jonas, JB, Joo, T, Joseph, A, Joseph, N, Joshua, CE, Jozwiak, JJ, Jürisson, M, K, V, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kadashetti, V, Kalani, R, Kalankesh, LR, Kaliyadan, F, Kalra, S, Kamenov, K, Kamyari, N, Kanagasabai, T, Kandel, H, Kanmanthareddy, AR, Kanmodi, KK, Kantar, RS, Karaye, IM, Karim, A, Karimi, SE, Karimi, Y, Kasraei, H, Kassel, MB, Kauppila, JH, Kawakami, N, Kayode, GA, Kazemi, F, Kazemian, S, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Keller, C, Kempen, JH, Kerr, JA, Keshtkar, K, Kesse-Guyot, E, Keykhaei, M, Khajuria, H, Khalaji, A, Khalid, A, Khalid, N, Khalilian, A, Khamesipour, F, Khan, A, Khan, I, Khan, M, Khan, MAB, Khanmohammadi, S, Khatab, K, Khatami, F, Khatatbeh, MM, Khater, AM, Khayat Kashani, HR, Khidri, FF, Khodadoust, E, Khormali, M, Khorrami, Z, Kifle, ZD, Kim, MS, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Knudsen, AKS, Kocarnik, JM, Kochhar, S, Koh, HY, Kolahi, A-A, Kompani, F, Koren, G, Korzh, O, Kosen, S, Koulmane Laxminarayana, SL, Krishan, K, Krishna, V, Krishnamoorthy, V, Kuate Defo, B, Kuddus, MA, Kuddus, M, Kuitunen, I, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kumar, R, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, Kyu, HH, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Ladan, MA, Laflamme, L, Lafranconi, A, Lahariya, C, Lai, DTC, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lám, J, Lan, Q, Lan, T, Landires, I, Lanfranchi, F, Langguth, B, Laplante-Lévesque, A, Larijani, B, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Le, H-H, Le, LKD, Le, NHH, Le, TDT, Leasher, JL, Ledda, C, Lee, M, Lee, PH, Lee, S-W, Lee, SW, Lee, W-C, Lee, YH, LeGrand, KE, Lenzi, J, Leong, E, Leung, J, Li, M-C, Li, W, Li, X, Li, Y, Lim, L-L, Lim, SS, Lindstrom, M, Linn, S, Liu, G, Liu, R, Liu, S, Liu, W, Liu, X, Llanaj, E, Lo, C-H, López-Bueno, R, Loreche, AM, Lorenzovici, L, Lozano, R, Lubinda, J, Lucchetti, G, Lunevicius, R, Lusk, JB, lv, H, Ma, ZF, Machairas, N, Madureira-Carvalho, ÁM, Magaña Gómez, JA, Maghazachi, AA, Maharjan, P, Mahasha, PW, Maheri, M, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoud, MA, Mahmoudi, E, Majeed, A, Makris, KC, Malakan Rad, E, Malhotra, K, Malik, AA, Malik, I, Malta, DC, Manla, Y, Mansour, A, Mansouri, P, Mansournia, MA, Mantilla Herrera, AM, Mantovani, LG, Manu, E, Marateb, HR, Mardi, P, Martinez, G, Martinez-Piedra, R, Martini, D, Martins-Melo, FR, Martorell, M, Marx, W, Maryam, S, Marzo, RR, Mathangasinghe, Y, Mathieson, S, Mathioudakis, AG, Mattumpuram, J, Maugeri, A, Mayeli, M, Mazidi, M, Mazzotti, A, McGrath, JJ, McKee, M, McKowen, ALW, McPhail, MA, Mehrabani-Zeinabad, K, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Mekene Meto, T, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mensah, GA, Mentis, A-FA, Meo, SA, Meresa, HA, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mersha, AM, Mestrovic, T, Mettananda, KCD, Mettananda, S, Michalek, IM, Miller, PA, Miller, TR, Mills, EJ, Minh, LHN, Mirijello, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirutse, MK, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M, Mirzaei, M, Mirzaei, R, Misganaw, A, Mishra, AK, Mitchell, PB, Mittal, C, Moazen, B, Moberg, ME, Mohamed, J, Mohamed, MFH, Mohamed, NS, Mohammadi, E, Mohammadi, S, Mohammed, H, Mohammed, S, Mohr, RM, Mokdad, AH, Molinaro, S, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Mondello, S, Moodi Ghalibaf, A, Moradi, M, Moradi, Y, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreira, RS, Morovatdar, N, Morrison, SD, Morze, J, Mosapour, A, Mosser, JF, Mossialos, E, Motappa, R, Mougin, V, Mouodi, S, Mrejen, M, Msherghi, A, Mubarik, S, Mueller, UO, Mulita, F, Munjal, K, Murillo-Zamora, E, Murlimanju, BV, Mustafa, G, Muthu, S, Muzaffar, M, Myung, W, 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Published: 2024

4. Bidirectional Communication between Gut Microbiome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Implications on Associated Metabolic Comorbidities

Author: Sanjana, Ananth; Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu, Sanjana, Kumaraguru; Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu, Poornima, Ananthasubramanian; Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu, Barathi, Seetharaman; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu, Santosh, Winkins; PG & Research Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Government Arts College for Men, Nandanam, Chennai ? 600035, Tamil Nadu, Vasantharekha, Ramasamy; Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu, Sanjana, Ananth; Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu, Sanjana, Kumaraguru; Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu, Poornima, Ananthasubramanian; Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu, Barathi, Seetharaman; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu, Santosh, Winkins; PG & Research Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Government Arts College for Men, Nandanam, Chennai ? 600035, Tamil Nadu, and Vasantharekha, Ramasamy; Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu
Abstract: Objective: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a neuroendocrine and metabolic disorder with multifaceted etiology, prevailing in women who are of reproductive age, rendering dwindling conception rates and escalating infertility rates worldwide. The etiology of PCOS is unresolved, potentially caused due to a mixture of genetic and environmental factors supported by components of diet and lifestyle manifested in women as an endocrine and metabolic disorder. Recent advancements have however thrown light on the influence of the gut-brain axis and the Gut Micro-Biome (GMB) on various body functions. Endocrine, immune and metabolic dysfunctions, portrayed by abnormal steroidogenesis and gut-induced inflammation, influenced by dysbiosis of the gut, provides a plausible role to the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of PCOS. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) mimic endogenous hormones and interfere with homeostasis. EDCs can have a significant impact on the health of women, in particular with PCOS, owing to its increasing link with estrogen, testosterone, and weight gain and glucose metabolism. Methods: A thorough search was conducted onelectronic databases. Relevant literature, obtained through the search, were studied and summarized to address the effects of EDCs on the gutmicrobiome and PCOS and the associated metabolic comorbidities. Conclusion: GMB is associated with various metabolic disorders inching towards comprehensive development of metabolic syndromes, thereby increasing risks of developing chronic obesity, infertility, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders, and gynaecological cancers. Influence of EDCs on the gut-brain axis and there by the pathophysiology of PCOS, and the bifacial alliance between GMB and PCOS involving endocrine, immune and metabolic mechanisms open up a novel avenue in managing the effect of EDCs in PCOS women worldwide.
Published: 2022

5. Bidirectional Communication between Gut Microbiome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Implications on Associated Metabolic Comorbidities

Author: Sanjana, Ananth; Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu, Sanjana, Kumaraguru; Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu, Poornima, Ananthasubramanian; Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu, Barathi, Seetharaman; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu, Santosh, Winkins; PG & Research Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Government Arts College for Men, Nandanam, Chennai ? 600035, Tamil Nadu, Vasantharekha, Ramasamy; Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu, Sanjana, Ananth; Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu, Sanjana, Kumaraguru; Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu, Poornima, Ananthasubramanian; Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu, Barathi, Seetharaman; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu, Santosh, Winkins; PG & Research Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Government Arts College for Men, Nandanam, Chennai ? 600035, Tamil Nadu, and Vasantharekha, Ramasamy; Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur ? 603203, Tamil Nadu
Abstract: Objective: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a neuroendocrine and metabolic disorder with multifaceted etiology, prevailing in women who are of reproductive age, rendering dwindling conception rates and escalating infertility rates worldwide. The etiology of PCOS is unresolved, potentially caused due to a mixture of genetic and environmental factors supported by components of diet and lifestyle manifested in women as an endocrine and metabolic disorder. Recent advancements have however thrown light on the influence of the gut-brain axis and the Gut Micro-Biome (GMB) on various body functions. Endocrine, immune and metabolic dysfunctions, portrayed by abnormal steroidogenesis and gut-induced inflammation, influenced by dysbiosis of the gut, provides a plausible role to the gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of PCOS. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) mimic endogenous hormones and interfere with homeostasis. EDCs can have a significant impact on the health of women, in particular with PCOS, owing to its increasing link with estrogen, testosterone, and weight gain and glucose metabolism. Methods: A thorough search was conducted onelectronic databases. Relevant literature, obtained through the search, were studied and summarized to address the effects of EDCs on the gutmicrobiome and PCOS and the associated metabolic comorbidities. Conclusion: GMB is associated with various metabolic disorders inching towards comprehensive development of metabolic syndromes, thereby increasing risks of developing chronic obesity, infertility, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disorders, and gynaecological cancers. Influence of EDCs on the gut-brain axis and there by the pathophysiology of PCOS, and the bifacial alliance between GMB and PCOS involving endocrine, immune and metabolic mechanisms open up a novel avenue in managing the effect of EDCs in PCOS women worldwide.
Published: 2022

6. Therapeutic Effect of Aloe vera on Croton Oil Induced Hemorrhoids

Author: Suresh, Swathi; Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Chengalpattu – 603203, Tamil Nadu, Ankul Singh, S.; Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Chengalpattu – 603203, Tamil Nadu, Vellapandian, Chitra; Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Chengalpattu – 603203, Tamil Nadu, Suresh, Swathi; Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Chengalpattu – 603203, Tamil Nadu, Ankul Singh, S.; Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Chengalpattu – 603203, Tamil Nadu, and Vellapandian, Chitra; Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Chengalpattu – 603203, Tamil Nadu
Abstract: Hemorrhoids are vascular structures in the anal canal with swollen veins in the lowest part of the rectum/anus. Till date, there is no specific treatment available for different grades of hemorrhoids. However, it is evident that lesser invasive options are to have opted for at the earliest along with conservative measures such as analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents. The study evaluates the efficacy of gel obtained from Aloe barbadensis Miller in treating hemorrhoids in a croton oil-induced Wistar rat model. Animals were allocated into 5 groups. Group I and II served as the normal and negative control, Group III as standard, and Group IV and V received an oral route and a topical route respectively. Biochemical parameters such as TNF-? and IL-6 were estimated in each group after the therapy of 5 days. Quantitative estimation of edema was done by determining the Evans blue dye concentration in the plasma exudates in recto-anal tissue. The recto-anal coefficient was estimated as a direct measure of inflammation. Histopathological variations among the groups were analyzed. Statistical analysis of the data affirms the curative effect of aloe vera on Hemorrhoids. Results demonstrate that aloe gel is much more effective when compared to Pilex ointment which was used as standard (p<0.05). However, oral preparation was not found to be effective in mitigating the disease as that standard (p>0.05).
Published: 2022

7. 2d solar thermal direct absorption comparison between gold and silver nanoparticle

Author: Yidana, Abdul-Mubarak Yussif; Bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from SRM Univ ersity AP, in India and Yidana, Abdul-Mubarak Yussif; Bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from SRM Univ ersity AP, in India
Abstract: In recent years, the application of nanoparticles for direct thermal absorption in solar energy technology has emerged as a transformative advancement, showing significant potential compared to traditional solar collectors. In this research, nanofluids containing silver and gold nanoparticles were simulated, using water and ethylene glycol as the base fluid. The simulations were carried out using a modelled rectangular test cell, employing constant heat flux conditions through the ANSYS Fluent software. This study builds upon prior research by extending the comprehension of how nanofluids, particularly those involving silver and gold nanoparticles, can enhance photothermal absorption rates. The primary objective of this paper is to conduct a comparative analysis of the photothermal absorption rates exhibited by the two nanofluids under two simulation cases: (1) a constant heat flux applied to only one side of thewall and (2) a constant heat flux applied to both sides of the wall. The results show that both silver and gold nanofluids have excellent photothermal absorption rate and increase significantly when heat flux is applied to both sides of the wall. A better performance is observed for silver ethylene glycol-based nanofluid. Therefore, for a more photothermalabsorption rate, it is recommended that silver ethylene glycol based nanofluid should be used. Received: 06 May 2023Accepted:23 September 2023Published: 30 October 2023
Published: 2023

8. Alterations in the Epigenetic Landscape Underlying Later-Life Health Effects Due to In-utero Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: A Review of Outcomes from Mice to Men

Author: Winkins Santosh, S.; P.G. & Research Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Government College for Men, Chennai âˆ’ 600035, Tamil Nadu, Lite, Christy; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Luzeena Raja, Glancis; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Divya Subhashree, K.; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Esther Kantayya, Kamalini; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Barathi, S.; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Winkins Santosh, S.; P.G. & Research Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Government College for Men, Chennai âˆ’ 600035, Tamil Nadu, Lite, Christy; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Luzeena Raja, Glancis; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Divya Subhashree, K.; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Esther Kantayya, Kamalini; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, and Barathi, S.; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu
Abstract: Widespread persistence of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) in the environment has mandated the need to study their potential long-term effects on human health, after acute as well aschronic exposures. The particular focus is on in utero exposure to EDCs in rodent models to look at altered epigenetic programming to result in transgenerational effects in later life of the offspring. This potentially contributes to reproductive and immune dysfunctions, obesity, cancer, and altered brain development and neurobehavioral outcomes. The literature to date establishes the transgenerational effects associated with in utero exposure to EDCs in rodent models. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of epigenetic programming and its regulation in mammals, specially focussing on epigenetic plasticity and susceptibility to exogenous endocrine-active chemicals, EDCs, during the early developmental period, and carried forward to later life using rodent models. The available reports suggest that the key mechanism behind the long-term impact of EDCs is caused by alterations in the epigenetic programming machinery, leading to dysregulated gene expression during adult life. Studies have reported the effect of prenatal exposure to EDCs in the ovarian microRNA expression and function, highlighting ovary as an organ undergoing in utero programming. It ascertains the heightened sensitivity of the organ to exogenous hormone-active compounds, particularly during early development. In addition to this, another key aspect in this review is increased susceptibility of the brain when exposed to even minute quantities of EDCs during embryonic development, resulting in profound alterations in the structural organization of the brain and neurobehavior. Detailed analyses of variables such as folic acid and phytoestrogen content in maternal diet need to be considered as crucial factors while designing experiments and therapeutic interventions. Apart from this, appropr
Published: 2021

9. Alterations in the Epigenetic Landscape Underlying Later-Life Health Effects Due to In-utero Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: A Review of Outcomes from Mice to Men

Author: Winkins Santosh, S.; P.G. & Research Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Government College for Men, Chennai âˆ’ 600035, Tamil Nadu, Lite, Christy; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Luzeena Raja, Glancis; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Divya Subhashree, K.; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Esther Kantayya, Kamalini; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Barathi, S.; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Winkins Santosh, S.; P.G. & Research Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Government College for Men, Chennai âˆ’ 600035, Tamil Nadu, Lite, Christy; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Luzeena Raja, Glancis; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Divya Subhashree, K.; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Esther Kantayya, Kamalini; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, and Barathi, S.; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu
Abstract: Widespread persistence of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) in the environment has mandated the need to study their potential long-term effects on human health, after acute as well aschronic exposures. The particular focus is on in utero exposure to EDCs in rodent models to look at altered epigenetic programming to result in transgenerational effects in later life of the offspring. This potentially contributes to reproductive and immune dysfunctions, obesity, cancer, and altered brain development and neurobehavioral outcomes. The literature to date establishes the transgenerational effects associated with in utero exposure to EDCs in rodent models. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of epigenetic programming and its regulation in mammals, specially focussing on epigenetic plasticity and susceptibility to exogenous endocrine-active chemicals, EDCs, during the early developmental period, and carried forward to later life using rodent models. The available reports suggest that the key mechanism behind the long-term impact of EDCs is caused by alterations in the epigenetic programming machinery, leading to dysregulated gene expression during adult life. Studies have reported the effect of prenatal exposure to EDCs in the ovarian microRNA expression and function, highlighting ovary as an organ undergoing in utero programming. It ascertains the heightened sensitivity of the organ to exogenous hormone-active compounds, particularly during early development. In addition to this, another key aspect in this review is increased susceptibility of the brain when exposed to even minute quantities of EDCs during embryonic development, resulting in profound alterations in the structural organization of the brain and neurobehavior. Detailed analyses of variables such as folic acid and phytoestrogen content in maternal diet need to be considered as crucial factors while designing experiments and therapeutic interventions. Apart from this, appropr
Published: 2021

10. Alterations in the Epigenetic Landscape Underlying Later-Life Health Effects Due to In-utero Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: A Review of Outcomes from Mice to Men

Author: Winkins Santosh, S.; P.G. & Research Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Government College for Men, Chennai âˆ’ 600035, Tamil Nadu, Lite, Christy; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Luzeena Raja, Glancis; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Divya Subhashree, K.; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Esther Kantayya, Kamalini; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Barathi, S.; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Winkins Santosh, S.; P.G. & Research Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Government College for Men, Chennai âˆ’ 600035, Tamil Nadu, Lite, Christy; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Luzeena Raja, Glancis; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Divya Subhashree, K.; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, Esther Kantayya, Kamalini; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu, and Barathi, S.; Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Toxicology (EDART) Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai âˆ’ 603203, Tamil Nadu
Abstract: Widespread persistence of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) in the environment has mandated the need to study their potential long-term effects on human health, after acute as well aschronic exposures. The particular focus is on in utero exposure to EDCs in rodent models to look at altered epigenetic programming to result in transgenerational effects in later life of the offspring. This potentially contributes to reproductive and immune dysfunctions, obesity, cancer, and altered brain development and neurobehavioral outcomes. The literature to date establishes the transgenerational effects associated with in utero exposure to EDCs in rodent models. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of epigenetic programming and its regulation in mammals, specially focussing on epigenetic plasticity and susceptibility to exogenous endocrine-active chemicals, EDCs, during the early developmental period, and carried forward to later life using rodent models. The available reports suggest that the key mechanism behind the long-term impact of EDCs is caused by alterations in the epigenetic programming machinery, leading to dysregulated gene expression during adult life. Studies have reported the effect of prenatal exposure to EDCs in the ovarian microRNA expression and function, highlighting ovary as an organ undergoing in utero programming. It ascertains the heightened sensitivity of the organ to exogenous hormone-active compounds, particularly during early development. In addition to this, another key aspect in this review is increased susceptibility of the brain when exposed to even minute quantities of EDCs during embryonic development, resulting in profound alterations in the structural organization of the brain and neurobehavior. Detailed analyses of variables such as folic acid and phytoestrogen content in maternal diet need to be considered as crucial factors while designing experiments and therapeutic interventions. Apart from this, appropr
Published: 2021

11. In silico Screening of Chemical Constituents in Rasam as a Beneficial Supplementary Treatment for Novel Coronavirus

Author: Mohan Maruga Raja, M. K.; Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat â€“ 391760, Selvaraj, Jubie; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu â€“ 643001, Pottabathula, S. S.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu â€“ 643001, Anjana, G. V.; Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Research Laboratory, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu â€“ 603203, Kathiravan, M. K.; Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Research Laboratory, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu â€“ 603203, Mohan Maruga Raja, M. K.; Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat â€“ 391760, Selvaraj, Jubie; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu â€“ 643001, Pottabathula, S. S.; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu â€“ 643001, Anjana, G. V.; Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Research Laboratory, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu â€“ 603203, and Kathiravan, M. K.; Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Research Laboratory, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu â€“ 603203
Abstract: Context: The novel coronavirus named as COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) from its origin in Hubei spread across the continent in a short period of six monthsâ€™ time. Till date there is no drug to cure the novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2. Earlier studies on SARS-CoV-1 suggests that interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Interleukin 8 (IL-8) were in the higher levels indicating the key role of IL. Aim: Molecular simulation studies were carried out on the selected 24 chemical constituents present in rasam against IL-6 to identify the key interaction between the amino acid residues and their chemical structure.Â Materials and Methods: A library of 24 chemical constituents was sketched using Chem Sketch programming 8.0. The 3D structures of ligands were retrieved in mol format in Maestro v 11.3 and the ligands were optimized utilizing ligprep (4.3) module (SchrÃ¶dinger 2018-1). Results: One of the chemical constituents sinigrin a glucosinolate emerged as top scorer with a GLIDE score of -6.333. It was apparent from the examination, that the Van der Waals (Î”G bindvdW) and coulomb energy interactions were major great contributors. The structural diversity of sinigrin from the rest of other chemical constituents in rasam led to significantly better interaction with amino acid residues. Conclusion: The study identifies sinigrin, as one of the active constituents in rasam possessing good binding affinity against IL-6 which can be used as a dietary supplement and can be used as a control measure to fight against Covid-19.
Published: 2021

12. In vitro Analysis of the Antimicrobial Properties of Propolis Collected from Jimma, Ethiopia

Author: Befirdu Abza, Getahun; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O.Box 378, Jimma, Hussien Ahmed, Jemal; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O.Box 378, Jimma, Paulos, Getahun; Department of Pharmceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O.Box 378, Jimma, Seshathri, Kothai; Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603203, Tamil Nadu, Befirdu Abza, Getahun; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O.Box 378, Jimma, Hussien Ahmed, Jemal; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O.Box 378, Jimma, Paulos, Getahun; Department of Pharmceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, P.O.Box 378, Jimma, and Seshathri, Kothai; Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603203, Tamil Nadu
Abstract: The effectiveness of antimicrobial drugs becomes uncertain due to the emergence of multidrug resistant microorganisms, which highlights the need for alternative antibacterial agents. Natural products are of great importance in the search for biologically active compounds. The present study aimed at investigating the antibacterial properties of propolis, one of the natural bee products, against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Propolis was extracted using 30 %, 50 %, 70 %, and 99.9 % ethanol. The in vitro antibacterial activities of propolis extracts were evaluated by the disc diffusion method with concentrations between 500 and 4000 ?g/ml. Among the extracts, the 50 % and 70 % propolis extracts showed strong antibacterial activity against all tested strains with inhibition zones ranging from 6.64 ± 0.15 to 11.99 ± 0.04 mm. P. aeruginosa was sensitive strain to the ethanolic extracts of propolis with the highest inhibition zone diameter of 11.99 ± 0.04 mm. Statistically significant differences in growth inhibition were observed among the types of extracts (30 %, 50 %, 70 % and 99.9 %) against P. aeruginosa (p < 0.05) and E. coli (p < 0.05), but the effect was not significant on S. aureus (p > 0.05). All propolis extracts showed no effect on S. aureus at concentrations below 2000 ?g/ml. Propolis extracts showed a lower zone of inhibition compared to the effect demonstrated by the positive control. Overall, the results indicate that ethanolic extracts of Ethiopian propolis has a promising antibacterial activity which could be of an antibiotic development benefit.
Published: 2022

13. Evaluation of Optimal Chair Position for Patients Undergoing Dental Procedures using Pulse Oximetry- A Prospective Clinical Study

Author: Chandramouli, Anisha; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Tamil Nadu, Chennai - 600089, Ponvel, Keerthana; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Tamil Nadu, Chennai - 600089, Pannerselvam, Elavenil; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Tamil Nadu, Chennai - 600089, Raja, V. B. Krishnakumar; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Tamil Nadu, Chennai - 600089, Chandramouli, Anisha; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Tamil Nadu, Chennai - 600089, Ponvel, Keerthana; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Tamil Nadu, Chennai - 600089, Pannerselvam, Elavenil; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Tamil Nadu, Chennai - 600089, and Raja, V. B. Krishnakumar; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Tamil Nadu, Chennai - 600089
Abstract: Patient anxiety in the dental office creates an unacceptable situation for the dentist as well as patient, during procedures. Patient position on a dental chair can influence the levels of patient anxiety. The aim of the study was to determine the best patient position for maximal comfort and minimal anxiety. The objectives were (1) to assess the heart rate and (2) to assess the oxygen saturation in five different positions on a dental chair. The study was a prospective clinical trial involving 108 subjects. The inclusion criteria were healthy patients, aged 18-25 years. The exclusion criteria were patients with respiratory disorders, anaemia, cardiac disorders and other systemic problems. Every patient was made to assume 5 different postures - (1) Standing, (2) Sitting upright, (3) Semi-supine, (4) Semi-supine with legs bent and (5) Supine. A pulse oximeter probe was attached and the SpO2 (in percentage) and pulse rate (in beats/min) of every subject was recorded. As a result, the oxygen saturation was the highest in the standing posture (98.07) followed by sitting upright (97.85), supine and semi-supine posture (97.79), respectively. The heart rate showed a marked reduction from sitting upright (86.19) to supine (77.46) posture and the difference was statistically significant. When the patients bent their legs, there was a sudden spike in SpO2 as well as heart rate (P value-0.03) which was statistically significant. The study concluded that patient was most comfortable in semi-supine or supine posture with periodic legs-bent position.
Published: 2019

14. Evaluation of Optimal Chair Position for Patients Undergoing Dental Procedures using Pulse Oximetry- A Prospective Clinical Study

Author: Chandramouli, Anisha; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Tamil Nadu, Chennai - 600089, Ponvel, Keerthana; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Tamil Nadu, Chennai - 600089, Pannerselvam, Elavenil; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Tamil Nadu, Chennai - 600089, Raja, V. B. Krishnakumar; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Tamil Nadu, Chennai - 600089, Chandramouli, Anisha; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Tamil Nadu, Chennai - 600089, Ponvel, Keerthana; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Tamil Nadu, Chennai - 600089, Pannerselvam, Elavenil; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Tamil Nadu, Chennai - 600089, and Raja, V. B. Krishnakumar; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Dental College & Hospital, Ramapuram Campus, Ramapuram, Tamil Nadu, Chennai - 600089
Abstract: Patient anxiety in the dental office creates an unacceptable situation for the dentist as well as patient, during procedures. Patient position on a dental chair can influence the levels of patient anxiety. The aim of the study was to determine the best patient position for maximal comfort and minimal anxiety. The objectives were (1) to assess the heart rate and (2) to assess the oxygen saturation in five different positions on a dental chair. The study was a prospective clinical trial involving 108 subjects. The inclusion criteria were healthy patients, aged 18-25 years. The exclusion criteria were patients with respiratory disorders, anaemia, cardiac disorders and other systemic problems. Every patient was made to assume 5 different postures - (1) Standing, (2) Sitting upright, (3) Semi-supine, (4) Semi-supine with legs bent and (5) Supine. A pulse oximeter probe was attached and the SpO2 (in percentage) and pulse rate (in beats/min) of every subject was recorded. As a result, the oxygen saturation was the highest in the standing posture (98.07) followed by sitting upright (97.85), supine and semi-supine posture (97.79), respectively. The heart rate showed a marked reduction from sitting upright (86.19) to supine (77.46) posture and the difference was statistically significant. When the patients bent their legs, there was a sudden spike in SpO2 as well as heart rate (P value-0.03) which was statistically significant. The study concluded that patient was most comfortable in semi-supine or supine posture with periodic legs-bent position.
Published: 2019

15. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: The Right to Sight: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Author: Bourne, RRA, Steinmetz, JD, Saylan, M, Mersha, AM, Weldemariam, AH, Wondmeneh, TG, Sreeramareddy, CT, Pinheiro, M, Yaseri, M, Yu, C, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, ZJ, Zimsen, SRM, Yonemoto, N, Tsegaye, GW, Vu, GT, Vongpradith, A, Renzaho, AMN, Sorrie, MB, Shaheen, AA, Shiferaw, WS, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Saya, GK, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Shigematsu, M, Sahraian, MA, Naderifar, H, Sabour, S, Rathi, P, Sathian, B, Miller, TR, Rezapour, A, Rawal, L, Pham, HQ, Parekh, U, Podder, V, Onwujekwe, OE, Pasovic, M, Otstavnov, N, Negash, H, Pawar, S, Naimzada, MD, Al Montasir, A, Ogbo, FA, Owolabi, MO, Pakshir, K, Mohammad, Y, Moni, MA, Nunez-Samudio, V, Mulaw, GF, Naveed, M, Maleki, S, Michalek, IM, Misra, S, Swamy, SN, Mohammed, JA, Flaxman, S, Park, EC, Briant, PS, Meles, GG, Hayat, K, Landires, I, Kim, GR, Liu, X, LeGrand, KE, Taylor, HR, Kunjathur, SM, Khoja, TAM, Bicer, BK, Khalilov, R, Hashi, A, Kayode, GA, Carneiro, VLA, Kavetskyy, T, Kosen, S, Kulkarni, V, Holla, R, Kalhor, R, Jayaram, S, Islam, Shariful, Gilani, SA, Eskandarieh, S, Molla, MD, Itumalla, R, Farzadfar, F, Congdon, NG, Elhabashy, HR, Elayedath, R, Couto, RAS, Dervenis, N, Cromwell, EA, Dahlawi, SMA, Resnikoff, S, Casson, RJ, Abdoli, A, Choi, JYJ, Dos Santos, FLC, Abrha, WA, Bourne, RRA, Steinmetz, JD, Saylan, M, Mersha, AM, Weldemariam, AH, Wondmeneh, TG, Sreeramareddy, CT, Pinheiro, M, Yaseri, M, Yu, C, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, ZJ, Zimsen, SRM, Yonemoto, N, Tsegaye, GW, Vu, GT, Vongpradith, A, Renzaho, AMN, Sorrie, MB, Shaheen, AA, Shiferaw, WS, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Saya, GK, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Shigematsu, M, Sahraian, MA, Naderifar, H, Sabour, S, Rathi, P, Sathian, B, Miller, TR, Rezapour, A, Rawal, L, Pham, HQ, Parekh, U, Podder, V, Onwujekwe, OE, Pasovic, M, Otstavnov, N, Negash, H, Pawar, S, Naimzada, MD, Al Montasir, A, Ogbo, FA, Owolabi, MO, Pakshir, K, Mohammad, Y, Moni, MA, Nunez-Samudio, V, Mulaw, GF, Naveed, M, Maleki, S, Michalek, IM, Misra, S, Swamy, SN, Mohammed, JA, Flaxman, S, Park, EC, Briant, PS, Meles, GG, Hayat, K, Landires, I, Kim, GR, Liu, X, LeGrand, KE, Taylor, HR, Kunjathur, SM, Khoja, TAM, Bicer, BK, Khalilov, R, Hashi, A, Kayode, GA, Carneiro, VLA, Kavetskyy, T, Kosen, S, Kulkarni, V, Holla, R, Kalhor, R, Jayaram, S, Islam, Shariful, Gilani, SA, Eskandarieh, S, Molla, MD, Itumalla, R, Farzadfar, F, Congdon, NG, Elhabashy, HR, Elayedath, R, Couto, RAS, Dervenis, N, Cromwell, EA, Dahlawi, SMA, Resnikoff, S, Casson, RJ, Abdoli, A, Choi, JYJ, Dos Santos, FLC, and Abrha, WA
Published: 2021

16. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Author: Steinmetz, JD, Bourne, RRA, Briant, PS, Flaxman, S, Taylor, HR, Jonas, JB, Abdoli, A, Abrha, WA, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adal, TG, Afshin, A, Ahmadieh, H, Alemayehu, W, Alemzadeh, SA, Alfaar, AS, Alipour, V, Androudi, S, Arabloo, J, Arditi, A, Aregawi, BB, Arrigo, A, Ashbaugh, C, Ashrafi, E, Atnafu, DD, Bagli, E, Baig, AA, Barnighausen, TW, Parodi, MB, Beheshti, M, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, M, Bottone, M, Braithwaite, T, Bron, AM, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Carneiro, VLA, Casson, RJ, Cheng, C-Y, Choi, J-YJ, Chu, D-T, Cicinelli, MV, Coelho, JM, Congdon, NG, Couto, RAS, Cromwell, EA, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, X, Dana, R, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Del Monte, MA, Molla, MD, Dervenis, N, Desta, AA, Deva, JP, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Ehrlich, JR, Elayedath, R, Elhabashy, HR, Ellwein, LB, Emamian, MH, Eskandarieh, S, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, AG, Fischer, F, Friedman, DS, Furtado, JM, Gaidhane, S, Gazzard, G, Gebremichael, B, George, R, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, SA, Golechha, M, Hamidi, S, Hammond, BR, Hartnett, MER, Hartono, RK, Hashi, A, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Ho, HC, Holla, R, Househ, M, Huang, JJ, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Ingram, AD, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Itumalla, R, Jayaram, S, Jha, RP, Kahloun, R, Kalhor, R, Kandel, H, Kasa, AS, Kavetskyy, T, Kayode, GA, Kempen, JH, Khairallah, M, Khalilov, R, Khan, EA, Khanna, RC, Khatib, MN, Khoja, TAM, Kim, GR, Kim, JE, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Bicer, BK, Kulkarni, V, Kurmi, OP, Landires, I, Lansingh, VC, Leasher, JL, LeGrand, KE, Leveziel, N, Limburg, H, Liu, X, Kunjathur, SM, Maleki, S, Manafi, N, Mansouri, K, McAlinden, C, Meles, GG, Mersha, AM, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Misra, S, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, SF, Mohammed, JA, Mokdad, AH, Moni, MA, Al Montasir, A, Morse, AR, Mulaw, GF, Naderi, M, Naderifar, H, Naidoo, KS, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Swamy, SN, Naveed, M, Negash, H, Huong, LTN, Nunez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, FA, Ogundimu, K, Olagunju, AT, Onwujekwe, OE, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, MO, Pakshir, K, Panda-Jonas, S, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Pasovic, M, Pawar, S, Pesudovs, K, Peto, T, Pham, HQ, Pinheiro, M, Podder, V, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Ramulu, PY, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Reinig, N, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Robin, AL, Rossetti, L, Sabour, S, Safi, S, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, MA, Samy, AM, Sathian, B, Saya, GK, Saylan, M, Shaheen, AA, Shaikh, MA, Shen, TT, Shibuya, K, Shiferaw, WS, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Silva, JC, Silvester, A, Singh, JA, Singhal, D, Sitorus, RS, Skiadaresi, E, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soheili, A, Sorrie, MB, Sousa, RARC, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stambolian, D, Tadesse, EG, Tahhan, N, Tareque, MI, Topouzis, F, Bach, XT, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimbaris, MK, Varma, R, Virgili, G, Vongpradith, A, Vu, GT, Wang, YX, Wang, N, Weldemariam, AH, West, SK, Wondmeneh, TG, Wong, TY, Yaseri, M, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z-J, Zimsen, SRM, Resnikoff, S, Vos, T, Steinmetz, JD, Bourne, RRA, Briant, PS, Flaxman, S, Taylor, HR, Jonas, JB, Abdoli, A, Abrha, WA, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adal, TG, Afshin, A, Ahmadieh, H, Alemayehu, W, Alemzadeh, SA, Alfaar, AS, Alipour, V, Androudi, S, Arabloo, J, Arditi, A, Aregawi, BB, Arrigo, A, Ashbaugh, C, Ashrafi, E, Atnafu, DD, Bagli, E, Baig, AA, Barnighausen, TW, Parodi, MB, Beheshti, M, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, M, Bottone, M, Braithwaite, T, Bron, AM, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Carneiro, VLA, Casson, RJ, Cheng, C-Y, Choi, J-YJ, Chu, D-T, Cicinelli, MV, Coelho, JM, Congdon, NG, Couto, RAS, Cromwell, EA, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, X, Dana, R, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Del Monte, MA, Molla, MD, Dervenis, N, Desta, AA, Deva, JP, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Ehrlich, JR, Elayedath, R, Elhabashy, HR, Ellwein, LB, Emamian, MH, Eskandarieh, S, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, AG, Fischer, F, Friedman, DS, Furtado, JM, Gaidhane, S, Gazzard, G, Gebremichael, B, George, R, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, SA, Golechha, M, Hamidi, S, Hammond, BR, Hartnett, MER, Hartono, RK, Hashi, A, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Ho, HC, Holla, R, Househ, M, Huang, JJ, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Ingram, AD, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Itumalla, R, Jayaram, S, Jha, RP, Kahloun, R, Kalhor, R, Kandel, H, Kasa, AS, Kavetskyy, T, Kayode, GA, Kempen, JH, Khairallah, M, Khalilov, R, Khan, EA, Khanna, RC, Khatib, MN, Khoja, TAM, Kim, GR, Kim, JE, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Bicer, BK, Kulkarni, V, Kurmi, OP, Landires, I, Lansingh, VC, Leasher, JL, LeGrand, KE, Leveziel, N, Limburg, H, Liu, X, Kunjathur, SM, Maleki, S, Manafi, N, Mansouri, K, McAlinden, C, Meles, GG, Mersha, AM, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Misra, S, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, SF, Mohammed, JA, Mokdad, AH, Moni, MA, Al Montasir, A, Morse, AR, Mulaw, GF, Naderi, M, Naderifar, H, Naidoo, KS, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Swamy, SN, Naveed, M, Negash, H, Huong, LTN, Nunez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, FA, Ogundimu, K, Olagunju, AT, Onwujekwe, OE, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, MO, Pakshir, K, Panda-Jonas, S, Parekh, U, Park, E-C, Pasovic, M, Pawar, S, Pesudovs, K, Peto, T, Pham, HQ, Pinheiro, M, Podder, V, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Ramulu, PY, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Reinig, N, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Robin, AL, Rossetti, L, Sabour, S, Safi, S, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, MA, Samy, AM, Sathian, B, Saya, GK, Saylan, M, Shaheen, AA, Shaikh, MA, Shen, TT, Shibuya, K, Shiferaw, WS, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Silva, JC, Silvester, A, Singh, JA, Singhal, D, Sitorus, RS, Skiadaresi, E, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Soheili, A, Sorrie, MB, Sousa, RARC, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stambolian, D, Tadesse, EG, Tahhan, N, Tareque, MI, Topouzis, F, Bach, XT, Tsegaye, GW, Tsilimbaris, MK, Varma, R, Virgili, G, Vongpradith, A, Vu, GT, Wang, YX, Wang, N, Weldemariam, AH, West, SK, Wondmeneh, TG, Wong, TY, Yaseri, M, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z-J, Zimsen, SRM, Resnikoff, S, and Vos, T
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Many causes of vision impairment can be prevented or treated. With an ageing global population, the demands for eye health services are increasing. We estimated the prevalence and relative contribution of avoidable causes of blindness and vision impairment globally from 1990 to 2020. We aimed to compare the results with the World Health Assembly Global Action Plan (WHA GAP) target of a 25% global reduction from 2010 to 2019 in avoidable vision impairment, defined as cataract and undercorrected refractive error. METHODS: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity from <6/18 to 3/60) and blindness (<3/60 or less than 10° visual field around central fixation) by cause, age, region, and year. Because of data sparsity at younger ages, our analysis focused on adults aged 50 years and older. FINDINGS: Global crude prevalence of avoidable vision impairment and blindness in adults aged 50 years and older did not change between 2010 and 2019 (percentage change -0·2% [95% UI -1·5 to 1·0]; 2019 prevalence 9·58 cases per 1000 people [95% IU 8·51 to 10·8], 2010 prevalence 96·0 cases per 1000 people [86·0 to 107·0]). Age-standardised prevalence of avoidable blindness decreased by -15·4% [-16·8 to -14·3], while avoidable MSVI showed no change (0·5% [-0·8 to 1·6]). However, the number of cases increased for both avoidable blindness (10·8% [8·9 to 12·4]) and MSVI (31·5% [30·0 to 33·1]). The leading global causes of blindness in those aged 50 years and older in 2020 were cataract (15·2 million cases [9% IU 12·7-18·0]), followed by glaucoma (3·6 million cases [2·8-4·4]), undercorrected refractive error (2·3 million cases [1·8-2·8]), age-related macular degeneration (1·8 million cases [1·3-2·4]), and diabetic retinopathy (0·86 mill
Published: 2021

17. Customized Soft Tissue Model for Implant Working Cast

Author: Chander, N. Gopi; Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89, Vignesh, N.; Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89, Gnanam, Padmashini; Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89, Sriram, V.; Post Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89, Devi, R. Srividya; Post Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89, Chander, N. Gopi; Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89, Vignesh, N.; Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89, Gnanam, Padmashini; Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89, Sriram, V.; Post Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89, and Devi, R. Srividya; Post Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89
Abstract: The objective of this technique was to fabricate a customized soft tissue gingival mask with vinyl poly siloxane impression materials. Microsoft paint software was used to obtain the concentration of color on the patient images and matched for the color differences of impression materials. This color concentration is transferred to the Vinyl Siloxane Impression (VPS) material. The colors were added by addition technique to the catalyst paste of VPS impression materials. Disposable syringe is used to inject the material around the implant analogue of the implant impression and soft cast obtained simulates the gingival color and tissue of the patient around the implant. The patient gingival color on the cast is obtained with this customized technique of gingival mask.
Published: 2018

18. Accuracy of Beta Angle in Assessment of Sagittal Skeletal Discrepancy in Chennai Population â€“ A Cephalometric Study

Author: Dhinahar, S.; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu, Dilipkumar, Dhivya; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu, Suresh, Poonkuzhali; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu, Tandon, Akshay; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu, Pereira, Aaron; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu, Dhinahar, S.; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu, Dilipkumar, Dhivya; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu, Suresh, Poonkuzhali; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu, Tandon, Akshay; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu, and Pereira, Aaron; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu
Abstract: No Abstract.
Published: 2018

19. Accuracy of Beta Angle in Assessment of Sagittal Skeletal Discrepancy in Chennai Population â€“ A Cephalometric Study

Author: Dhinahar, S.; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu, Dilipkumar, Dhivya; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu, Suresh, Poonkuzhali; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu, Tandon, Akshay; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu, Pereira, Aaron; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu, Dhinahar, S.; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu, Dilipkumar, Dhivya; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu, Suresh, Poonkuzhali; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu, Tandon, Akshay; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu, and Pereira, Aaron; Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kancheepuram District 603203, Tamil Nadu
Abstract: No Abstract.
Published: 2018

20. Customized Soft Tissue Model for Implant Working Cast

Author: Chander, N. Gopi; Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89, Vignesh, N.; Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89, Gnanam, Padmashini; Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89, Sriram, V.; Post Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89, Devi, R. Srividya; Post Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89, Chander, N. Gopi; Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89, Vignesh, N.; Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89, Gnanam, Padmashini; Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89, Sriram, V.; Post Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89, and Devi, R. Srividya; Post Graduate Student, Department of Prosthodontics, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai â€“ 89
Abstract: The objective of this technique was to fabricate a customized soft tissue gingival mask with vinyl poly siloxane impression materials. Microsoft paint software was used to obtain the concentration of color on the patient images and matched for the color differences of impression materials. This color concentration is transferred to the Vinyl Siloxane Impression (VPS) material. The colors were added by addition technique to the catalyst paste of VPS impression materials. Disposable syringe is used to inject the material around the implant analogue of the implant impression and soft cast obtained simulates the gingival color and tissue of the patient around the implant. The patient gingival color on the cast is obtained with this customized technique of gingival mask.
Published: 2018

21. Electrospun nanofiber membranes as ultrathin flexible supercapacitors

Author: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Functional Device Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK, Centre of Printable Electronics, Deputy Vice Chancellor Office (Research & Innovation), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Eco-Town Collaborative R&D Center for the Environment and Recycling, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu-city, Fukuoka 808-0196, Japan, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, Research Institute & Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603 203, Chennai, India, Chee, W. K., Lim, H. N., Zainal, Z., Harrison, I., Huang, N. M., Andou, Y., Chong, K. F., Pandikumar, A., Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Functional Device Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK, Centre of Printable Electronics, Deputy Vice Chancellor Office (Research & Innovation), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Eco-Town Collaborative R&D Center for the Environment and Recycling, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu-city, Fukuoka 808-0196, Japan, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia, Research Institute & Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603 203, Chennai, India, Chee, W. K., Lim, H. N., Zainal, Z., Harrison, I., Huang, N. M., Andou, Y., Chong, K. F., and Pandikumar, A.
Abstract: type:Journal Article, A highly flexible electrochemical supercapacitor electrode was developed with a novel metal oxide-reinforced nanofiber electrode by utilizing a solution-based electrospinning technique. The facile fabrication steps involved the introduction of metal precursors into a polymeric solution, which was subjected to an in situ electrospinning process. The electrospun polymeric web with metallic ingredients was then subjected to an oxidative stabilization process that induced the formation of metal oxide nanoparticles within the polymer structure. Finally, the metal oxide nanoparticles incorporated with nanofibers were obtained using a carbonization process, thus converting the polymer backbones into a carbon-rich conductive nanofiber structure. The fabricated nanofibers were decorated and implanted with metal oxide nanoparticles that had a surface-decorated structure morphology due to the solubility of the precursors in the reaction solution. The electrochemical performance of the fabricated metal oxide reinforced with nanofiber electrodes was investigated as an electrochemical system, and the novel morphology significantly improved the specific capacitance compared to a pristine carbon nanofiber membrane. As a result of the uniform dispersion of metal oxide nanoparticles throughout the surface of the nanofibers, the overall capacitive behavior of the membrane was enhanced. Furthermore, a fabricated free-standing flexible device that utilized the optimized nanofiber electrode demonstrated high stability even after it was subjected to various bending operations and curvatures. These promising results showed the potential applications of these lightweight, conductive nanofiber electrodes in flexible and versatile electronic devices.
Published: 2018

22. Evaluation of anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Naravelia zeylanica in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats

Author: None, A, Rajakalanithi; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India, P, Swasthika; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India, S, Sujatha; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India, None, A, Rajakalanithi; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India, P, Swasthika; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India, and S, Sujatha; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India
Abstract: Naravelia zeylanica DC (Ranunculaceae), a woody climber, have been used from ancient times to treat various ailments like rheumatoid arthritis, skin diseases, wound and ulcer. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic activity of methanolic extract of Naravelia zeylanica (NZYM) using experimental diabetic model. Diabetes was induced in wistar rats by a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg i.p.) (STZ) and treated with NZYM at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg for 45 days. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.w.) was used as standard drug. Blood glucose and body weight were monitored at regular intervals and the levels of serum insulin, lipid and the carbohydrate metabolic enzyme in the liver were measured at the end of the study. Oral administration of NZYM and glibenclamide significantly reduced the blood glucose level (p<0.05), with increased serum insulin and significant alteration in lipid profiles and liver carbohydrate enzymes (p<0.05) after 45 days. Furthermore, the biochemical parameters correlated with the histopathological changes in the pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic rats, which structurally proved the efficacy of NZYM. The findings suggest that NZYM possess anti-hyperglycemic activity and anti-hyperlipidemic properties and restored STZ-induced pancreatic damage in diabetic rats. NZYM might therefore have a beneficial effect in treatment of diabetes mediated through regulation of carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activities.
Published: 2017

23. Evaluation of anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Naravelia zeylanica in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats

Author: None, A, Rajakalanithi; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India, P, Swasthika; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India, S, Sujatha; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India, None, A, Rajakalanithi; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India, P, Swasthika; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India, and S, Sujatha; Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India
Abstract: Naravelia zeylanica DC (Ranunculaceae), a woody climber, have been used from ancient times to treat various ailments like rheumatoid arthritis, skin diseases, wound and ulcer. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic activity of methanolic extract of Naravelia zeylanica (NZYM) using experimental diabetic model. Diabetes was induced in wistar rats by a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg i.p.) (STZ) and treated with NZYM at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg for 45 days. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.w.) was used as standard drug. Blood glucose and body weight were monitored at regular intervals and the levels of serum insulin, lipid and the carbohydrate metabolic enzyme in the liver were measured at the end of the study. Oral administration of NZYM and glibenclamide significantly reduced the blood glucose level (p<0.05), with increased serum insulin and significant alteration in lipid profiles and liver carbohydrate enzymes (p<0.05) after 45 days. Furthermore, the biochemical parameters correlated with the histopathological changes in the pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic rats, which structurally proved the efficacy of NZYM. The findings suggest that NZYM possess anti-hyperglycemic activity and anti-hyperlipidemic properties and restored STZ-induced pancreatic damage in diabetic rats. NZYM might therefore have a beneficial effect in treatment of diabetes mediated through regulation of carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activities.
Published: 2017

24. Management of Two Rooted Mandibular Second Premolars: A Case Series

Author: Nil, Shekar, Shobana; Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai â€“ 600089, Tamil Nadu, Sekar, Velayudham; Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai â€“ 600003, Tamil Nadu, Mahendran, Kavitha; Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai â€“ 600003, Tamil Nadu, Nil, Shekar, Shobana; Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai â€“ 600089, Tamil Nadu, Sekar, Velayudham; Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai â€“ 600003, Tamil Nadu, and Mahendran, Kavitha; Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai â€“ 600003, Tamil Nadu
Abstract: Mandibular premolars have been reported to have the most unusual canal aberrancies in the literature. Even though abnormal canal morphologies in mandibular premolars in the Asian population is less frequent, it continues to exist. When such rarities are encountered, supplemental diagnostic aids play a crucial role in determining the prognosis of the root canal procedure. The aim of this paper is to report a series of cases with unusual canal morphologies in which cone beam computed tomography was used as a diagnostic aid to visualize canal morphologies.
Published: 2019

25. Management of Two Rooted Mandibular Second Premolars: A Case Series

Author: Nil, Shekar, Shobana; Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai â€“ 600089, Tamil Nadu, Sekar, Velayudham; Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai â€“ 600003, Tamil Nadu, Mahendran, Kavitha; Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai â€“ 600003, Tamil Nadu, Nil, Shekar, Shobana; Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, Chennai â€“ 600089, Tamil Nadu, Sekar, Velayudham; Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai â€“ 600003, Tamil Nadu, and Mahendran, Kavitha; Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai â€“ 600003, Tamil Nadu
Abstract: Mandibular premolars have been reported to have the most unusual canal aberrancies in the literature. Even though abnormal canal morphologies in mandibular premolars in the Asian population is less frequent, it continues to exist. When such rarities are encountered, supplemental diagnostic aids play a crucial role in determining the prognosis of the root canal procedure. The aim of this paper is to report a series of cases with unusual canal morphologies in which cone beam computed tomography was used as a diagnostic aid to visualize canal morphologies.
Published: 2019

26. Histological and biochemical study on hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Author: SJ, Madhan Kumar; DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY,SRM MEDICAL COLLEGE,SRM UNIVERSITY,KATTANKULATHUR-603203,TAMILNADU,SOUTH INDIA., Jebakani, Christildafelicia; DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY,SRM MEDICAL COLLEGE,SRM UNIVERSITY,KATTANKULATHUR-603203,TAMILNADU,SOUTH INDIA., SJ, Madhan Kumar; DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY,SRM MEDICAL COLLEGE,SRM UNIVERSITY,KATTANKULATHUR-603203,TAMILNADU,SOUTH INDIA., and Jebakani, Christildafelicia; DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY,SRM MEDICAL COLLEGE,SRM UNIVERSITY,KATTANKULATHUR-603203,TAMILNADU,SOUTH INDIA.
Abstract: Cynodon dactylon has been mentioned in ayurvedic system of Indian medicine to be of value in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible hypoglycemic effects of aqueous extract of the whole plant of Cynodon dactylon on blood glucose, plasma insulin, serum lipid profiles and possible histopathological changes in the pancreatic tissue of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Type 1 diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. One sub-group of rats, received glibenclamide treatment and another received Cynodon extract Treatment for 45 days respectively. Blood was analyzed for fasting blood glucose, insulin levels and lipid profiles after treatment. Histopathological sectional studies of the pancreatic islets were done. Treatment of the animals with the aqueous extract from plant at a dose of (500 mg/kg body weight) for 45 days resulted in significant reduction in blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and very- low - density lipoprotein in STZ diabetic rats. These biochemical parameters were correlated with the histopathological changes observed in the pancreatic islets of STZ diabetic rats, which structurally proved the effectiveness of the aqueous extract of C.dactylon in STZ diabetic rats. The obtained biochemical and histopathological results confirmed the hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of aqueous extract of the C.dactylon in experimental model of diabetic animals. Cynodon dactylon may be useful as a natural supplementary medicine in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
Published: 2015

27. Histological and biochemical study on hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Author: SJ, Madhan Kumar; DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY,SRM MEDICAL COLLEGE,SRM UNIVERSITY,KATTANKULATHUR-603203,TAMILNADU,SOUTH INDIA., Jebakani, Christildafelicia; DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY,SRM MEDICAL COLLEGE,SRM UNIVERSITY,KATTANKULATHUR-603203,TAMILNADU,SOUTH INDIA., SJ, Madhan Kumar; DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY,SRM MEDICAL COLLEGE,SRM UNIVERSITY,KATTANKULATHUR-603203,TAMILNADU,SOUTH INDIA., and Jebakani, Christildafelicia; DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY,SRM MEDICAL COLLEGE,SRM UNIVERSITY,KATTANKULATHUR-603203,TAMILNADU,SOUTH INDIA.
Abstract: Cynodon dactylon has been mentioned in ayurvedic system of Indian medicine to be of value in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible hypoglycemic effects of aqueous extract of the whole plant of Cynodon dactylon on blood glucose, plasma insulin, serum lipid profiles and possible histopathological changes in the pancreatic tissue of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Type 1 diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. One sub-group of rats, received glibenclamide treatment and another received Cynodon extract Treatment for 45 days respectively. Blood was analyzed for fasting blood glucose, insulin levels and lipid profiles after treatment. Histopathological sectional studies of the pancreatic islets were done. Treatment of the animals with the aqueous extract from plant at a dose of (500 mg/kg body weight) for 45 days resulted in significant reduction in blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and very- low - density lipoprotein in STZ diabetic rats. These biochemical parameters were correlated with the histopathological changes observed in the pancreatic islets of STZ diabetic rats, which structurally proved the effectiveness of the aqueous extract of C.dactylon in STZ diabetic rats. The obtained biochemical and histopathological results confirmed the hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of aqueous extract of the C.dactylon in experimental model of diabetic animals. Cynodon dactylon may be useful as a natural supplementary medicine in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
Published: 2015

28. Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Griswold, MG, Fullman, N, Hawley, C, Arian, N, Zimsen, SRM, Tymeson, HD, Venkateswaran, V, Tapp, AD, Forouzanfar, MH, Salama, JS, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Yotebieng, M, Younis, MZ, Zachariah, G, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zhang, X, Zodpey, S, Mokdad, AH, Naghavi, M, Murray, CJL, Gakidou, E, Griswold, MG, Fullman, N, Hawley, C, Arian, N, Zimsen, SRM, Tymeson, HD, Venkateswaran, V, Tapp, AD, Forouzanfar, MH, Salama, JS, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Yotebieng, M, Younis, MZ, Zachariah, G, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zhang, X, Zodpey, S, Mokdad, AH, Naghavi, M, Murray, CJL, and Gakidou, E
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older. METHODS: Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health. FINDINGS: Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·5-3·0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6·8% (5·8-8·0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3·8% (95% UI 3·2-4·3) of female deaths and 12·2% (10·8-13·6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2·3% (95% UI 2·0-2·6) and male attribut
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Griswold, MG, Fullman, N, Hawley, C, Arian, N, Zimsen, SRM, Tymeson, HD, Venkateswaran, V, Tapp, AD, Forouzanfar, MH, Salama, JS, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Yotebieng, M, Younis, MZ, Zachariah, G, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zhang, X, Zodpey, S, Mokdad, AH, Naghavi, M, Murray, CJL, Gakidou, E, Griswold, MG, Fullman, N, Hawley, C, Arian, N, Zimsen, SRM, Tymeson, HD, Venkateswaran, V, Tapp, AD, Forouzanfar, MH, Salama, JS, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Yotebieng, M, Younis, MZ, Zachariah, G, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zhang, X, Zodpey, S, Mokdad, AH, Naghavi, M, Murray, CJL, and Gakidou, E
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older. METHODS: Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health. FINDINGS: Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·5-3·0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6·8% (5·8-8·0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3·8% (95% UI 3·2-4·3) of female deaths and 12·2% (10·8-13·6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2·3% (95% UI 2·0-2·6) and male attribut
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Griswold, MG, Fullman, N, Hawley, C, Arian, N, Zimsen, SRM, Tymeson, HD, Venkateswaran, V, Tapp, AD, Forouzanfar, MH, Salama, JS, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Yotebieng, M, Younis, MZ, Zachariah, G, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zhang, X, Zodpey, S, Mokdad, AH, Naghavi, M, Murray, CJL, Gakidou, E, Griswold, MG, Fullman, N, Hawley, C, Arian, N, Zimsen, SRM, Tymeson, HD, Venkateswaran, V, Tapp, AD, Forouzanfar, MH, Salama, JS, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Yotebieng, M, Younis, MZ, Zachariah, G, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zhang, X, Zodpey, S, Mokdad, AH, Naghavi, M, Murray, CJL, and Gakidou, E
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older. METHODS: Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health. FINDINGS: Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·5-3·0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6·8% (5·8-8·0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3·8% (95% UI 3·2-4·3) of female deaths and 12·2% (10·8-13·6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2·3% (95% UI 2·0-2·6) and male attribut
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Griswold, MG, Fullman, N, Hawley, C, Arian, N, Zimsen, SRM, Tymeson, HD, Venkateswaran, V, Tapp, AD, Forouzanfar, MH, Salama, JS, Abate, KH, Abate, D, Abay, SM, Abbafati, C, Abdulkader, RS, Abebe, Z, Aboyans, V, Abrar, MM, Acharya, P, Adetokunboh, OO, Adhikari, TB, Adsuar, JC, Afarideh, M, Agardh, EE, Agarwal, G, Aghayan, SA, Agrawal, S, Ahmed, MB, Akibu, M, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al Asfoor, DH, Al-Aly, Z, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Albujeer, A, Alene, KA, Ali, R, Ali, SD, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Allebeck, P, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Aminde, LN, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Amul, GGH, Andrei, CL, Angus, C, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Assadi, R, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Ayele, HT, Ayer, R, Ayuk, TB, Azzopardi, PS, Badali, H, Badawi, A, Banach, M, Barker-Collo, SL, Barrero, LH, Basaleem, H, Baye, E, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Béjot, Y, Belachew, AB, Belay, SA, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, RS, Beyene, AS, Beyranvand, T, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, ZA, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Bililign, N, Birlik, SM, Birungi, C, Bizuneh, H, Bjerregaard, P, Bjørge, T, Borges, G, Bosetti, C, Boufous, S, Bragazzi, NL, Brenner, H, Butt, ZA, Griswold, MG, Fullman, N, Hawley, C, Arian, N, Zimsen, SRM, Tymeson, HD, Venkateswaran, V, Tapp, AD, Forouzanfar, MH, Salama, JS, Abate, KH, Abate, D, Abay, SM, Abbafati, C, Abdulkader, RS, Abebe, Z, Aboyans, V, Abrar, MM, Acharya, P, Adetokunboh, OO, Adhikari, TB, Adsuar, JC, Afarideh, M, Agardh, EE, Agarwal, G, Aghayan, SA, Agrawal, S, Ahmed, MB, Akibu, M, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al Asfoor, DH, Al-Aly, Z, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Albujeer, A, Alene, KA, Ali, R, Ali, SD, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Allebeck, P, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Aminde, LN, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Amul, GGH, Andrei, CL, Angus, C, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Assadi, R, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Ayele, HT, Ayer, R, Ayuk, TB, Azzopardi, PS, Badali, H, Badawi, A, Banach, M, Barker-Collo, SL, Barrero, LH, Basaleem, H, Baye, E, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Béjot, Y, Belachew, AB, Belay, SA, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, RS, Beyene, AS, Beyranvand, T, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, ZA, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Bililign, N, Birlik, SM, Birungi, C, Bizuneh, H, Bjerregaard, P, Bjørge, T, Borges, G, Bosetti, C, Boufous, S, Bragazzi, NL, Brenner, H, and Butt, ZA
Abstract: Background: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted lifeyears (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older. Methods: Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health. Findings: Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·5-3·0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6·8% (5·8-8·0) of agestandardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3·8% (95% UI 3·2-4·3) of female deaths and 12·2% (10·8-13·6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2·3% (95% UI 2·0-2·6) and male attributab
Published: 2018

32. Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness of Bioactive - Glass and Platelet - Rich Fibrin in the Management of Intrabony Defects - A Comparative Study

Author: Rajula, M. Prem Blaisie; Senior Lecturer, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Subramanioum, Malathi; HOD & Professor, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Muthukumaraswamy, ; Professor, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Singh, Arjun; Post Graduate Student, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Rajula, M. Prem Blaisie; Senior Lecturer, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Subramanioum, Malathi; HOD & Professor, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Muthukumaraswamy, ; Professor, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, and Singh, Arjun; Post Graduate Student, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College & Hospital, Chennai
Abstract: Background: Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF), the second-generation platelet concentrate has various fringe benefits over other platelet concentrates. Just finite number of research works have concentrated on the utilization of PRF in combination with various kinds of bone grafts in intra-bony defects. Objective: The primary intention of this study was to determine the clinical and radiographical efficacy of Bioactive-glass with and without autologous PRF in the management of three-wall vertical defects. Methods: Twenty intrabony defects were arbitrarily chosen and treated either with Bioactive Glass (BG) alone or in mix with PRF (PRF/BG). Clinical parameters were documented preoperatively (baseline) and at six months post-operatively. Radiographic analysis was performed at baseline, third and sixth-month intervals. Results: The study outcome demonstrated that both treatment approaches were effectual. Significant decrease in the mean probing depth and gain in clinical attachment was observed in BG+PRF and BG groups as compared to baseline but was statistically insignificant at 6 months. (p=0.475, p=0.245 respectively). Radiographically, reduction in defect depth was significantly greater in BG+PRF group than BG group (p=0.007) at 6 months. Conclusion: Within the limitation of the current study, it is proposed that both treatment modalities are effective in the management of 3-wall intra-bony defects. The outcomes additionally uncovered that incorporation of PRF with BG has more successful and promising results. Hence in future, clinical trials with bigger sample size may be employed to further explore the potential benefits of PRF as a sole grafting material.
Published: 2018

33. Benign Cementoblastoma - A Rare Odontogenic Tumour

Author: Aswath, Nalini; Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Balaji, Anandhi; Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, SRM Dental College, Ramavaram, Chennai, Aswath, Nalini; Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, and Balaji, Anandhi; Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, SRM Dental College, Ramavaram, Chennai
Abstract: Benign cementoblastoma is a rare odontogenic tumour derived from odontogenic ectomesenchyme of cementoblast origin that forms cementum layer on the roots of a tooth. Benign cementoblastomas have a distinct clinical and radiographic appearance. It is important to consider them as one among the differential diagnosis in bony swellings of mandible. A case report of a 55 yr old female patient diagnosed as a case of benign cementoblastoma is presented.
Published: 2018

34. Benign Cementoblastoma - A Rare Odontogenic Tumour

Author: Aswath, Nalini; Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Balaji, Anandhi; Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, SRM Dental College, Ramavaram, Chennai, Aswath, Nalini; Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sree Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, and Balaji, Anandhi; Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, SRM Dental College, Ramavaram, Chennai
Abstract: Benign cementoblastoma is a rare odontogenic tumour derived from odontogenic ectomesenchyme of cementoblast origin that forms cementum layer on the roots of a tooth. Benign cementoblastomas have a distinct clinical and radiographic appearance. It is important to consider them as one among the differential diagnosis in bony swellings of mandible. A case report of a 55 yr old female patient diagnosed as a case of benign cementoblastoma is presented.
Published: 2018

35. Evaluation of Clinical Effectiveness of Bioactive - Glass and Platelet - Rich Fibrin in the Management of Intrabony Defects - A Comparative Study

Author: Rajula, M. Prem Blaisie; Senior Lecturer, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Subramanioum, Malathi; HOD & Professor, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Muthukumaraswamy, ; Professor, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Singh, Arjun; Post Graduate Student, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Rajula, M. Prem Blaisie; Senior Lecturer, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Subramanioum, Malathi; HOD & Professor, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Muthukumaraswamy, ; Professor, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, and Singh, Arjun; Post Graduate Student, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College & Hospital, Chennai
Abstract: Background: Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF), the second-generation platelet concentrate has various fringe benefits over other platelet concentrates. Just finite number of research works have concentrated on the utilization of PRF in combination with various kinds of bone grafts in intra-bony defects. Objective: The primary intention of this study was to determine the clinical and radiographical efficacy of Bioactive-glass with and without autologous PRF in the management of three-wall vertical defects. Methods: Twenty intrabony defects were arbitrarily chosen and treated either with Bioactive Glass (BG) alone or in mix with PRF (PRF/BG). Clinical parameters were documented preoperatively (baseline) and at six months post-operatively. Radiographic analysis was performed at baseline, third and sixth-month intervals. Results: The study outcome demonstrated that both treatment approaches were effectual. Significant decrease in the mean probing depth and gain in clinical attachment was observed in BG+PRF and BG groups as compared to baseline but was statistically insignificant at 6 months. (p=0.475, p=0.245 respectively). Radiographically, reduction in defect depth was significantly greater in BG+PRF group than BG group (p=0.007) at 6 months. Conclusion: Within the limitation of the current study, it is proposed that both treatment modalities are effective in the management of 3-wall intra-bony defects. The outcomes additionally uncovered that incorporation of PRF with BG has more successful and promising results. Hence in future, clinical trials with bigger sample size may be employed to further explore the potential benefits of PRF as a sole grafting material.
Published: 2018

36. Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Griswold, MG, Fullman, N, Hawley, C, Arian, N, Zimsen, SRM, Tymeson, HD, Venkateswaran, V, Tapp, AD, Forouzanfar, MH, Salama, JS, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Yotebieng, M, Younis, MZ, Zachariah, G, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zhang, X, Zodpey, S, Mokdad, AH, Naghavi, M, Murray, CJL, Gakidou, E, Griswold, MG, Fullman, N, Hawley, C, Arian, N, Zimsen, SRM, Tymeson, HD, Venkateswaran, V, Tapp, AD, Forouzanfar, MH, Salama, JS, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Yotebieng, M, Younis, MZ, Zachariah, G, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zhang, X, Zodpey, S, Mokdad, AH, Naghavi, M, Murray, CJL, and Gakidou, E
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older. METHODS: Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health. FINDINGS: Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·5-3·0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6·8% (5·8-8·0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3·8% (95% UI 3·2-4·3) of female deaths and 12·2% (10·8-13·6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2·3% (95% UI 2·0-2·6) and male attribut
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

37. Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Griswold, MG, Fullman, N, Hawley, C, Arian, N, Zimsen, SRM, Tymeson, HD, Venkateswaran, V, Tapp, AD, Forouzanfar, MH, Salama, JS, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Yotebieng, M, Younis, MZ, Zachariah, G, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zhang, X, Zodpey, S, Mokdad, AH, Naghavi, M, Murray, CJL, Gakidou, E, Griswold, MG, Fullman, N, Hawley, C, Arian, N, Zimsen, SRM, Tymeson, HD, Venkateswaran, V, Tapp, AD, Forouzanfar, MH, Salama, JS, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Yotebieng, M, Younis, MZ, Zachariah, G, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zhang, X, Zodpey, S, Mokdad, AH, Naghavi, M, Murray, CJL, and Gakidou, E
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older. METHODS: Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health. FINDINGS: Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·5-3·0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6·8% (5·8-8·0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3·8% (95% UI 3·2-4·3) of female deaths and 12·2% (10·8-13·6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2·3% (95% UI 2·0-2·6) and male attribut
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. An approach to determine crystalline content of Granisetron in transdermal patches using X-ray diffraction technique

Author: Pavan, K V; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, M, Arthanareeswari; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, A, Ravikiran; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, P, Kamaraj; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, Ch, Praveen; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, B, Rajendar, Pavan, K V; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, M, Arthanareeswari; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, A, Ravikiran; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, P, Kamaraj; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, Ch, Praveen; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, and B, Rajendar
Abstract: Granisetron is a drug used to treat nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy. Crystallization of drug is always a major concern in the transdermal drug delivery system. In view of consistent biopharmaceutical performance, monitoring and controlling the crystallization during product development and shelf life is very important. The need was felt to have an accurate method for determination of crystallinity in transdermal patches.The present study is about development and validation of a quantitative X-ray diffraction method for the determination of the extent of crystallization of the drug in transdermal formulation of Granisetron. Specimens of different physically spiked concentrations were carefully prepared accurately by weighing and distributing crystalline active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) onto placebo liner patches, pasted on Silicon low background sample holder (diameter of 24.5 mm, made up of Si crystal). All the specimens thus prepared were scanned using optimized instrumental parameters while enabling specimen rotation during the diffraction analysis to ensure homogeneous exposure to the incident X-rays. Using this novel approach, limit of detection o
Published: 2013

39. An approach to determine crystalline content of Granisetron in transdermal patches using X-ray diffraction technique

Author: Pavan, K V; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, M, Arthanareeswari; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, A, Ravikiran; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, P, Kamaraj; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, Ch, Praveen; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, B, Rajendar, Pavan, K V; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, M, Arthanareeswari; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, A, Ravikiran; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, P, Kamaraj; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, Ch, Praveen; Department of Chemistry, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India, and B, Rajendar
Abstract: Granisetron is a drug used to treat nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy. Crystallization of drug is always a major concern in the transdermal drug delivery system. In view of consistent biopharmaceutical performance, monitoring and controlling the crystallization during product development and shelf life is very important. The need was felt to have an accurate method for determination of crystallinity in transdermal patches.The present study is about development and validation of a quantitative X-ray diffraction method for the determination of the extent of crystallization of the drug in transdermal formulation of Granisetron. Specimens of different physically spiked concentrations were carefully prepared accurately by weighing and distributing crystalline active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) onto placebo liner patches, pasted on Silicon low background sample holder (diameter of 24.5 mm, made up of Si crystal). All the specimens thus prepared were scanned using optimized instrumental parameters while enabling specimen rotation during the diffraction analysis to ensure homogeneous exposure to the incident X-rays. Using this novel approach, limit of detection o
Published: 2013

40. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Gakidou, E, Afshin, A, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, A, Abdulle, AM, Abera, F, Aboyans, v, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Abyu, GY, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Zhang, X, Zimsen, SRM, Zipkin, B, Zodpey, S, Lim, SS, Murray, CJL, Gakidou, E, Afshin, A, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, A, Abdulle, AM, Abera, F, Aboyans, v, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Abyu, GY, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Zhang, X, Zimsen, SRM, Zipkin, B, Zodpey, S, Lim, SS, and Murray, CJL
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of risk factor exposure and attributable burden of disease. By providing estimates over a long time series, this study can monitor risk exposure trends critical to health surveillance and inform policy debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. METHODS: We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2016. This study included 481 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk (RR) and exposure estimates from 22 717 randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources, according to the GBD 2016 source counting methods. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. Finally, we explored four drivers of trends in attributable burden: population growth, population ageing, trends in risk exposure, and all other factors combined. FINDINGS: Since 1990, exposure increased significantly for 30 risks, did not change significantly for four risks, and decreased significantly for 31 risks. Among risks that are leading causes of burden of disease, child growth failure and household air pollution showed the most significant declines, while metabolic risks, such as body-mass index and high fasting plasma glucose, showed significant increases. In 2016, at Level 3 of the hierarchy, the three leading risk factors in terms of attributable DALYs at the global level for men w, For a complete list of authors see: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32366-8
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

41. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Gakidou, E, Afshin, A, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, A, Abdulle, AM, Abera, F, Aboyans, v, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Abyu, GY, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Zhang, X, Zimsen, SRM, Zipkin, B, Zodpey, S, Lim, SS, Murray, CJL, Gakidou, E, Afshin, A, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, A, Abdulle, AM, Abera, F, Aboyans, v, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Abyu, GY, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Zhang, X, Zimsen, SRM, Zipkin, B, Zodpey, S, Lim, SS, and Murray, CJL
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of risk factor exposure and attributable burden of disease. By providing estimates over a long time series, this study can monitor risk exposure trends critical to health surveillance and inform policy debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. METHODS: We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2016. This study included 481 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk (RR) and exposure estimates from 22 717 randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources, according to the GBD 2016 source counting methods. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. Finally, we explored four drivers of trends in attributable burden: population growth, population ageing, trends in risk exposure, and all other factors combined. FINDINGS: Since 1990, exposure increased significantly for 30 risks, did not change significantly for four risks, and decreased significantly for 31 risks. Among risks that are leading causes of burden of disease, child growth failure and household air pollution showed the most significant declines, while metabolic risks, such as body-mass index and high fasting plasma glucose, showed significant increases. In 2016, at Level 3 of the hierarchy, the three leading risk factors in terms of attributable DALYs at the global level for men w, For a complete list of authors see: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32366-8
Published: 2017
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42. Firn Meltwater Retention on the Greenland Ice Sheet: A Model Comparison

Author: Steger, C.R. (author), Reijmer, C.H. (author), van den Broeke, MR (author), Wever, N. (author), Forster, R.R. (author), Koenig, L.S. (author), Kuipers Munneke, P. (author), Lehning, M. (author), Lhermitte, S.L.M. (author), Ligtenberg, SRM (author), Miège, C. (author), Noël, B.P.Y. (author), Steger, C.R. (author), Reijmer, C.H. (author), van den Broeke, MR (author), Wever, N. (author), Forster, R.R. (author), Koenig, L.S. (author), Kuipers Munneke, P. (author), Lehning, M. (author), Lhermitte, S.L.M. (author), Ligtenberg, SRM (author), Miège, C. (author), and Noël, B.P.Y. (author)
Abstract: Runoff has recently become the main source of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet and is an important contributor to global sea level rise. Linking runoff to surface meltwater production is complex, as meltwater can be retained within the firn by refreezing or perennial liquid water storage. To constrain these uncertainties, the outputs of two offline snow/firn models of different complexity (IMAU-FDM and SNOWPACK) are compared to assess the sensitivity of meltwater retention to the model formulation (e.g., densification, irreducible water content, vertical resolution). Results indicate that model differences are largest in areas where firn aquifers form, i.e., particularly along the south-eastern margin of the ice sheet. The IMAU-FDM simulates higher densification rates for such climatic conditions and prescribes a lower irreducible water content than SNOWPACK. As a result, the model predicts substantially lower amounts of refreezing and liquid water storage. SNOWPACK performs better for this area, confirmed both by density profiles from firn cores and radar-inferred observations. Refreezing integrated over the entire ice sheet and averaged for the period 1960–2014 amounts to 216 Gt a−1 (IMAU-FDM) and 242 Gt a−1 (SNOWPACK), which is 41 and 46% of the total liquid water input (snowmelt and rainfall). The mean areal extents of perennial firn aquifers for 2010–2014 simulated by the models are 55,700 km2 (IMAU-FDM) and 90,200 km2 (SNOWPACK). Discrepancies between modeled firn profiles and observations emphasize the importance of processes currently not accounted for in most snow/firn models, such as vertical heterogeneous percolation, ponding of water on impermeable layers, lateral (sub-)surface water flow, and the issue of ill-constrained refreezing conditions at the base of firn aquifers., Mathematical Geodesy and Positioning
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Meltwater produced by wind–albedo interaction stored in an East Antarctic ice shelf

Author: Lenaerts, JTM (author), Lhermitte, S.L.M. (author), Drews, R. (author), Ligtenberg, SRM (author), Berger, S. (author), Helm, V. (author), Smeets, C.J.P.P. (author), van den Broeke, MR (author), van de Berg, W.J. (author), van Meijgaard, E (author), Eijkelboom, M. (author), Eisen, O. (author), Pattyn, F. (author), Lenaerts, JTM (author), Lhermitte, S.L.M. (author), Drews, R. (author), Ligtenberg, SRM (author), Berger, S. (author), Helm, V. (author), Smeets, C.J.P.P. (author), van den Broeke, MR (author), van de Berg, W.J. (author), van Meijgaard, E (author), Eijkelboom, M. (author), Eisen, O. (author), and Pattyn, F. (author)
Abstract: Surface melt and subsequent firn air depletion can ultimately lead to disintegration of Antarctic ice shelves1, 2 causing grounded glaciers to accelerate3 and sea level to rise. In the Antarctic Peninsula, foehn winds enhance melting near the grounding line4, which in the recent past has led to the disintegration of the most northerly ice shelves5, 6. Here, we provide observational and model evidence that this process also occurs over an East Antarctic ice shelf, where meltwater-induced firn air depletion is found in the grounding zone. Unlike the Antarctic Peninsula, where foehn events originate from episodic interaction of the circumpolar westerlies with the topography, in coastal East Antarctica high temperatures are caused by persistent katabatic winds originating from the ice sheet’s interior. Katabatic winds warm and mix the air as it flows downward and cause widespread snow erosion, explaining >3 K higher near-surface temperatures in summer and surface melt doubling in the grounding zone compared with its surroundings. Additionally, these winds expose blue ice and firn with lower surface albedo, further enhancing melt. The in situ observation of supraglacial flow and englacial storage of meltwater suggests that ice-shelf grounding zones in East Antarctica, like their Antarctic Peninsula counterparts, are vulnerable to hydrofracturing, Mathematical Geodesy and Positioning
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Gakidou, E, Afshin, A, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, A, Abdulle, AM, Abera, F, Aboyans, v, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Abyu, GY, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Zhang, X, Zimsen, SRM, Zipkin, B, Zodpey, S, Lim, SS, Murray, CJL, Gakidou, E, Afshin, A, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, A, Abdulle, AM, Abera, F, Aboyans, v, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Abyu, GY, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Zhang, X, Zimsen, SRM, Zipkin, B, Zodpey, S, Lim, SS, and Murray, CJL
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of risk factor exposure and attributable burden of disease. By providing estimates over a long time series, this study can monitor risk exposure trends critical to health surveillance and inform policy debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. METHODS: We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2016. This study included 481 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk (RR) and exposure estimates from 22 717 randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources, according to the GBD 2016 source counting methods. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. Finally, we explored four drivers of trends in attributable burden: population growth, population ageing, trends in risk exposure, and all other factors combined. FINDINGS: Since 1990, exposure increased significantly for 30 risks, did not change significantly for four risks, and decreased significantly for 31 risks. Among risks that are leading causes of burden of disease, child growth failure and household air pollution showed the most significant declines, while metabolic risks, such as body-mass index and high fasting plasma glucose, showed significant increases. In 2016, at Level 3 of the hierarchy, the three leading risk factors in terms of attributable DALYs at the global level for men w, For a complete list of authors see: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32366-8
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Gakidou, E, Afshin, A, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, A, Abdulle, AM, Abera, F, Aboyans, v, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Abyu, GY, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Zhang, X, Zimsen, SRM, Zipkin, B, Zodpey, S, Lim, SS, Murray, CJL, Gakidou, E, Afshin, A, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, A, Abdulle, AM, Abera, F, Aboyans, v, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Abyu, GY, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Zhang, X, Zimsen, SRM, Zipkin, B, Zodpey, S, Lim, SS, and Murray, CJL
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of risk factor exposure and attributable burden of disease. By providing estimates over a long time series, this study can monitor risk exposure trends critical to health surveillance and inform policy debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. METHODS: We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2016. This study included 481 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk (RR) and exposure estimates from 22 717 randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources, according to the GBD 2016 source counting methods. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. Finally, we explored four drivers of trends in attributable burden: population growth, population ageing, trends in risk exposure, and all other factors combined. FINDINGS: Since 1990, exposure increased significantly for 30 risks, did not change significantly for four risks, and decreased significantly for 31 risks. Among risks that are leading causes of burden of disease, child growth failure and household air pollution showed the most significant declines, while metabolic risks, such as body-mass index and high fasting plasma glucose, showed significant increases. In 2016, at Level 3 of the hierarchy, the three leading risk factors in terms of attributable DALYs at the global level for men w, For a complete list of authors see: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32366-8
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Firn Meltwater Retention on the Greenland Ice Sheet: A Model Comparison

Author: Steger, C.R. (author), Reijmer, C.H. (author), van den Broeke, MR (author), Wever, N. (author), Forster, R.R. (author), Koenig, L.S. (author), Kuipers Munneke, P. (author), Lehning, M. (author), Lhermitte, S.L.M. (author), Ligtenberg, SRM (author), Miège, C. (author), Noël, B.P.Y. (author), Steger, C.R. (author), Reijmer, C.H. (author), van den Broeke, MR (author), Wever, N. (author), Forster, R.R. (author), Koenig, L.S. (author), Kuipers Munneke, P. (author), Lehning, M. (author), Lhermitte, S.L.M. (author), Ligtenberg, SRM (author), Miège, C. (author), and Noël, B.P.Y. (author)
Abstract: Runoff has recently become the main source of mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet and is an important contributor to global sea level rise. Linking runoff to surface meltwater production is complex, as meltwater can be retained within the firn by refreezing or perennial liquid water storage. To constrain these uncertainties, the outputs of two offline snow/firn models of different complexity (IMAU-FDM and SNOWPACK) are compared to assess the sensitivity of meltwater retention to the model formulation (e.g., densification, irreducible water content, vertical resolution). Results indicate that model differences are largest in areas where firn aquifers form, i.e., particularly along the south-eastern margin of the ice sheet. The IMAU-FDM simulates higher densification rates for such climatic conditions and prescribes a lower irreducible water content than SNOWPACK. As a result, the model predicts substantially lower amounts of refreezing and liquid water storage. SNOWPACK performs better for this area, confirmed both by density profiles from firn cores and radar-inferred observations. Refreezing integrated over the entire ice sheet and averaged for the period 1960–2014 amounts to 216 Gt a−1 (IMAU-FDM) and 242 Gt a−1 (SNOWPACK), which is 41 and 46% of the total liquid water input (snowmelt and rainfall). The mean areal extents of perennial firn aquifers for 2010–2014 simulated by the models are 55,700 km2 (IMAU-FDM) and 90,200 km2 (SNOWPACK). Discrepancies between modeled firn profiles and observations emphasize the importance of processes currently not accounted for in most snow/firn models, such as vertical heterogeneous percolation, ponding of water on impermeable layers, lateral (sub-)surface water flow, and the issue of ill-constrained refreezing conditions at the base of firn aquifers., Mathematical Geodesy and Positioning
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Meltwater produced by wind–albedo interaction stored in an East Antarctic ice shelf

Author: Lenaerts, JTM (author), Lhermitte, S.L.M. (author), Drews, R. (author), Ligtenberg, SRM (author), Berger, S. (author), Helm, V. (author), Smeets, C.J.P.P. (author), van den Broeke, MR (author), van de Berg, W.J. (author), van Meijgaard, E (author), Eijkelboom, M. (author), Eisen, O. (author), Pattyn, F. (author), Lenaerts, JTM (author), Lhermitte, S.L.M. (author), Drews, R. (author), Ligtenberg, SRM (author), Berger, S. (author), Helm, V. (author), Smeets, C.J.P.P. (author), van den Broeke, MR (author), van de Berg, W.J. (author), van Meijgaard, E (author), Eijkelboom, M. (author), Eisen, O. (author), and Pattyn, F. (author)
Abstract: Surface melt and subsequent firn air depletion can ultimately lead to disintegration of Antarctic ice shelves1, 2 causing grounded glaciers to accelerate3 and sea level to rise. In the Antarctic Peninsula, foehn winds enhance melting near the grounding line4, which in the recent past has led to the disintegration of the most northerly ice shelves5, 6. Here, we provide observational and model evidence that this process also occurs over an East Antarctic ice shelf, where meltwater-induced firn air depletion is found in the grounding zone. Unlike the Antarctic Peninsula, where foehn events originate from episodic interaction of the circumpolar westerlies with the topography, in coastal East Antarctica high temperatures are caused by persistent katabatic winds originating from the ice sheet’s interior. Katabatic winds warm and mix the air as it flows downward and cause widespread snow erosion, explaining >3 K higher near-surface temperatures in summer and surface melt doubling in the grounding zone compared with its surroundings. Additionally, these winds expose blue ice and firn with lower surface albedo, further enhancing melt. The in situ observation of supraglacial flow and englacial storage of meltwater suggests that ice-shelf grounding zones in East Antarctica, like their Antarctic Peninsula counterparts, are vulnerable to hydrofracturing, Mathematical Geodesy and Positioning
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Gakidou, E, Afshin, A, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, A, Abdulle, AM, Abera, F, Aboyans, v, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Abyu, GY, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Zhang, X, Zimsen, SRM, Zipkin, B, Zodpey, S, Lim, SS, Murray, CJL, Gakidou, E, Afshin, A, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, A, Abdulle, AM, Abera, F, Aboyans, v, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Abyu, GY, Ärnlöv, Johan, Larsson, Anders, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Zhang, X, Zimsen, SRM, Zipkin, B, Zodpey, S, Lim, SS, and Murray, CJL
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of risk factor exposure and attributable burden of disease. By providing estimates over a long time series, this study can monitor risk exposure trends critical to health surveillance and inform policy debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. METHODS: We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2016. This study included 481 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk (RR) and exposure estimates from 22 717 randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources, according to the GBD 2016 source counting methods. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. Finally, we explored four drivers of trends in attributable burden: population growth, population ageing, trends in risk exposure, and all other factors combined. FINDINGS: Since 1990, exposure increased significantly for 30 risks, did not change significantly for four risks, and decreased significantly for 31 risks. Among risks that are leading causes of burden of disease, child growth failure and household air pollution showed the most significant declines, while metabolic risks, such as body-mass index and high fasting plasma glucose, showed significant increases. In 2016, at Level 3 of the hierarchy, the three leading risk factors in terms of attributable DALYs at the global level for men w, For a complete list of authors see: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32366-8
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Analysis of transcriptome in hickory (Carya cathayensis), and uncover the dynamics in the hormonal signaling pathway during graft process

Author: Qiu, L, Jiang, B, Fang, J, Shen, Y, Fang, Z, Kumar, SRM, Yi, K, Shen, C, Yan, D, Zheng, B, Qiu, L, Jiang, B, Fang, J, Shen, Y, Fang, Z, Kumar, SRM, Yi, K, Shen, C, Yan, D, and Zheng, B
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Hickory (Carya cathayensis), a woody plant with high nutritional and economic value, is widely planted in China. Due to its long juvenile phase, grafting is a useful technique for large-scale cultivation of hickory. To reveal the molecular mechanism during the graft process, we sequenced the transcriptomes of graft union in hickory. RESULTS: In our study, six RNA-seq libraries yielded a total of 83,676,860 clean short reads comprising 4.19 Gb of sequence data. A large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at three time points during the graft process were identified. In detail, 777 DEGs in the 7 d vs 0 d (day after grafting) comparison were classified into 11 enriched Gene Ontology (GO) categories, and 262 DEGs in the 14 d vs 0 d comparison were classified into 15 enriched GO categories. Furthermore, an overview of the PPI network was constructed by these DEGs. In addition, 20 genes related to the auxin-and cytokinin-signaling pathways were identified, and some were validated by qRT-PCR analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our comprehensive analysis provides basic information on the candidate genes and hormone signaling pathways involved in the graft process in hickory and other woody plants.
Published: 2016

50. First Principles Study of Band Structure and Band Gap Engineering in Graphene for Device Applications

Author: SRM UNIV CHENNAI (INDIA), Iyakutti, Kombiah T, SRM UNIV CHENNAI (INDIA), and Iyakutti, Kombiah T
Abstract: Graphene, the super carbon , is now accepted as wonder material with new physics and it has caused major breakthrough in nanotechnology[1-3]. Graphene has been the main candidate for applications in semiconductor electronics and in other related fields [4-7]. After a decade of the discovery of graphene [7] , one may have to answer the following questions. Are the key technological huddles overcome successfully to realise the full applications of graphene? What is the current status of the graphene based devices or Electronics ? How the graphene market business is going to evolve in the coming years? What kind of graphene based products can one expect in the near future?. The main challenge in graphene is the opening of the band gap in the semimetallic electronic structure. In the bandstructure of graphene which is dominated by Dirac description, valence and conduction bands cross the Fermi level at a single point (K points) in the Brillouin zone and hence it is a is a zero gap semiconductor or a semimetal with zero density of states . Due to the linear dispersion of energy bands and appearance of Dirac cones near the K point and Fermi level the electrons behave like massless Dirac fermions [1]. For applications in nanoelectronic devices a suitable band gap is essential. Opening a suitable bandgap in graphene will allow it to be used in the semiconductor industry for the fabrication of new 2-dimensional nanoelectronic devices such as solar cells, liquid crystal devices, and nanosized transistor prototypes [8].
Published: 2015

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