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Understanding the systems-level actions of transcriptional responses to hormones provides insight into how the genome is reprogrammed in response to environmental stimuli. Here, we investigated the signalling pathway of the hormone jasmonic acid (JA), which controls a plethora of critically important processes in plants and is orchestrated by the transcription factor MYC2 and its closest relatives in Arabidopsis thaliana. We generated an integrated framework of the response to JA, which spans from the activity of master and secondary regulatory transcription factors, through gene expression outputs and alternative splicing, to protein abundance changes, protein phosphorylation and chromatin remodelling. We integrated time-series transcriptome analysis with (phospho)proteomic data to reconstruct gene regulatory network models. These enabled us to predict previously unknown points of crosstalk of JA to other signalling pathways and to identify new components of the JA regulatory mechanism, which we validated through targeted mutant analysis. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of how a plant hormone remodels cellular functions and plant behaviour, the general principles of which provide a framework for analyses of cross-regulation between other hormone and stress signalling pathways.

Machine learning has revolutionized speech technologies for major world languages, but these technologies have generally not been available for the roughly 4,000 languages with populations of fewer than 10,000 speakers. This paper describes the development of ELPIS, a pipeline which language documentation workers with minimal computational experience can use to build their own speech recognition models, resulting in models being built for 16 languages from the Asia-Pacific region. ELPIS puts machine learning speech technologies within reach of people working with languages with scarce data, in a scalable way. This is impactful since it enables language communities to cross the digital divide, and speeds up language documentation. Complete automation of the process is not feasible for languages with small quantities of data and potentially large vocabularies. Hence our goal is not full automation, but rather to make a practical and effective workflow that integrates machine learning technologies.

Machine learning has revolutionised speech technologies for major world languages, but these technologies have generally not been available for the roughly 4,000 languages with populations of fewer than 10,000 speakers. This paper describes the development of Elpis, a pipeline which language documentation workers with minimal computational experience can use to build their own speech recognition models, resulting in models being built for 16 languages from the Asia-Pacific region. Elpis puts machine learning speech technologies within reach of people working with languages with scarce data, in a scalable way. This is impactful since it enables language communities to cross the digital divide, and speeds up language documentation. Complete automation of the process is not feasible for languages with small quantities of data and potentially large vocabularies. Hence our goal is not full automation, but rather to make a practical and effective workflow that integrates machine learning technologies.

© 2017 The Authors Diatoms are amongst the most important marine microalgae in terms of biomass, but little is known concerning the molecular mechanisms that regulate their versatile metabolism. Here, the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was studied at the metabolite and transcriptome level during nitrogen starvation and following imposition of three other stresses that impede growth. The coordinated upregulation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle during the nitrogen stress response was the most striking observation. Through co-expression analysis and DNA binding assays, the transcription factor bZIP14 was identified as a regulator of the TCA cycle, also beyond the nitrogen starvation response, namely in diurnal regulation. Accordingly, metabolic and transcriptional shifts were observed upon overexpression of bZIP14 in transformed P. tricornutum cells. Our data indicate that the TCA cycle is a tightly regulated and important hub for carbon reallocation in the diatom cell during nutrient starvation and that bZIP14 is a conserved regulator of this cycle.

© 2017 The Authors Diatoms are amongst the most important marine microalgae in terms of biomass, but little is known concerning the molecular mechanisms that regulate their versatile metabolism. Here, the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was studied at the metabolite and transcriptome level during nitrogen starvation and following imposition of three other stresses that impede growth. The coordinated upregulation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle during the nitrogen stress response was the most striking observation. Through co-expression analysis and DNA binding assays, the transcription factor bZIP14 was identified as a regulator of the TCA cycle, also beyond the nitrogen starvation response, namely in diurnal regulation. Accordingly, metabolic and transcriptional shifts were observed upon overexpression of bZIP14 in transformed P. tricornutum cells. Our data indicate that the TCA cycle is a tightly regulated and important hub for carbon reallocation in the diatom cell during nutrient starvation and that bZIP14 is a conserved regulator of this cycle.

It is present the results of a palynological analysis of two species of the genus Bombus in vicinity of Pamplonita-Norte of Santander. On feces samples were identified and counted (april and may of 2010) 1585 grains of pollen, within which Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae and Fabaceae were the more abundat taxa. With regard to the diversity, April was the most rich, diverse and dominant month; however in B. pullatus we observed greater wealth and dominance. Finally, it was possible to determine that a large percentage of pollen grains that were identified as Solanaceae correspond to Solanum quitoense. The results of this study make clear the importance of palynology at the time of establishing the diet of these species, in addition to reflect its role of those species as possible provider in ecosistemic services either in wild plant as a crops in Solanaceae case., Se presentan los resultados de un análisis palinológico en dos especies del género Bombus en cercanías de Pamplonita (Norte de Santander-Colombia) durante los meses de abril y mayo de 2010. A partir de muestras coprológicas se identificaron y contaron un total de 1585 granos, dentro de los cuales Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae y Fabaceae fueron los taxa mas abundantes. En términos de diversidad, en abril se encontraron los valores más altos con respecto a los tipos de polen para ambas especies, aunque en B. pullatus, se observó mayor riqueza y dominancia para ambos meses. Finalmente, se puedo determinar un gran porcentaje de los granos de polen que se identificación en Solanaceae corresponden a Solanum quitoense. Los resultados presentados en este estudio dejan claro la importancia de la palinología al momento de establecer la dieta de estos organismos, además de reflejar el papel de estas especies como posible prestador de servicios ecosistemicos tanto en plantas silvestres como cultivadas en el caso de Solanum.

It is present the results of a palynological analysis of two species of the genus Bombus in vicinity of Pamplonita-Norte of Santander. On feces samples were identified and counted (april and may of 2010) 1585 grains of pollen, within which Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae and Fabaceae were the more abundat taxa. With regard to the diversity, April was the most rich, diverse and dominant month; however in B. pullatus we observed greater wealth and dominance. Finally, it was possible to determine that a large percentage of pollen grains that were identified as Solanaceae correspond to Solanum quitoense. The results of this study make clear the importance of palynology at the time of establishing the diet of these species, in addition to reflect its role of those species as possible provider in ecosistemic services either in wild plant as a crops in Solanaceae case., Se presentan los resultados de un análisis palinológico en dos especies del género Bombus en cercanías de Pamplonita (Norte de Santander-Colombia) durante los meses de abril y mayo de 2010. A partir de muestras coprológicas se identificaron y contaron un total de 1585 granos, dentro de los cuales Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae y Fabaceae fueron los taxa mas abundantes. En términos de diversidad, en abril se encontraron los valores más altos con respecto a los tipos de polen para ambas especies, aunque en B. pullatus, se observó mayor riqueza y dominancia para ambos meses. Finalmente, se puedo determinar un gran porcentaje de los granos de polen que se identificación en Solanaceae corresponden a Solanum quitoense. Los resultados presentados en este estudio dejan claro la importancia de la palinología al momento de establecer la dieta de estos organismos, además de reflejar el papel de estas especies como posible prestador de servicios ecosistemicos tanto en plantas silvestres como cultivadas en el caso de Solanum.

Auxin regulates numerous plant developmental processes by controlling gene expression via a family of functionally distinct DNA-binding auxin response factors (ARFs), yet the mechanistic basis for generating specificity in auxin response is unknown. Here, we address this question by solving high-resolution crystal structures of the pivotal Arabidopsis developmental regulator ARF5/MONOPTEROS (MP), its divergent paralog ARF1, and a complex of ARF1 and a generic auxin response DNA element (AuxRE). We show that ARF DNA-binding domains also homodimerize to generate cooperative DNA binding, which is critical for in vivo ARF5/MP function. Strikingly, DNA-contacting residues are conserved between ARFs, and we discover that monomers have the same intrinsic specificity. ARF1 and ARF5 homodimers, however, differ in spacing tolerated between binding sites. Our data identify the DNA-binding domain as an ARF dimerization domain, suggest that ARF dimers bind complex sites as molecular calipers with ARF-specific spacing preference, and provide an atomic-scale mechanistic model for specificity in auxin response.

The study examines fatigue in elite soccer played in hot conditions. High-profile soccer players (n=20) were studied during match play at ~31 °C. Repeated sprint and jump performances were assessed in rested state and after a game and activity profile was examined. Additionally, heart rate (HR), blood lactate, muscle temperature and body mass changes were determined. Repeated sprint and jump performances were reduced (P<0.05) by 2.6% and 8.2%, respectively, after the game. The fatigue index in the repeated sprint test was 6.0±0.7% after the game compared with 1.7±1.0% at rest (P<0.05). High-intensity running was 57±4% lower (P<0.05) during the last 15-min interval of the game compared with the first 15-min period. No differences were observed in mean HR or blood lactates between halves. Muscle temperature was 40.5±0.4 °C after the first half, which was 0.8±0.2 °C higher (P<0.05) than after the second half. Net fluid loss during the game was >2% of the body mass. Correlations were observed between net-fluid loss and repeated sprint test fatigue index after the game (r=0.73, P<0.05) and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery, level 1 test performance and high-intensity running during the final 15 min of the game (r=0.51, P<0.05). The study provides direct evidence of compromised repeated sprint and jump performances induced by soccer match play and pronounced reduction in high-intensity running toward the end of an elite game played in a hot environment. This fatigue could be associated training status and hyperthermia/dehydration.

The study examines fatigue in elite soccer played in hot conditions. High-profile soccer players (n=20) were studied during match play at ~31 °C. Repeated sprint and jump performances were assessed in rested state and after a game and activity profile was examined. Additionally, heart rate (HR), blood lactate, muscle temperature and body mass changes were determined. Repeated sprint and jump performances were reduced (P<0.05) by 2.6% and 8.2%, respectively, after the game. The fatigue index in the repeated sprint test was 6.0±0.7% after the game compared with 1.7±1.0% at rest (P<0.05). High-intensity running was 57±4% lower (P<0.05) during the last 15-min interval of the game compared with the first 15-min period. No differences were observed in mean HR or blood lactates between halves. Muscle temperature was 40.5±0.4 °C after the first half, which was 0.8±0.2 °C higher (P<0.05) than after the second half. Net fluid loss during the game was >2% of the body mass. Correlations were observed between net-fluid loss and repeated sprint test fatigue index after the game (r=0.73, P<0.05) and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery, level 1 test performance and high-intensity running during the final 15 min of the game (r=0.51, P<0.05). The study provides direct evidence of compromised repeated sprint and jump performances induced by soccer match play and pronounced reduction in high-intensity running toward the end of an elite game played in a hot environment. This fatigue could be associated training status and hyperthermia/dehydration.

Los adultos mayores constituyen un grupo de población vulnerable a cuadros de deficiencias de nutrientes específicos como la vitamina B12 y el ácido fólico, íntimamente ligados al deterioro de las funciones mentales, en especial, del área cognitiva. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar indicadores del estado de vitamina B12 y ácido fólico y asociarlos a la evaluación de la función mental de 53 adultos mayores de 60 años de edad, residenciados en un hogar geriátrico. Se evaluó consumo dietario por pesada directa individual, niveles de vitamina B12 y folato sérico por radioinmunoanálisis y función mental por la prueba del mini mental de Foltein. Se encontró un consumo promedio adecuado para vitamina B12 y deficiente para ácido fólico, mientras que los niveles séricos estuvieron dentro del rango normal de referencia. El 26,4% de los ancianos estaba en situación de déficit o riesgo de deficiencia de vitamina B12, y el 43,4 de ácido fólico. Cuarenta y nueve por ciento de los adultos mayores presentó una evaluación mental deficiente y los niveles de vitamina B12 fueron más bajos en este grupo con una diferencia estadística significativa. Se observó una asociación significativa entre edad y función mental, siendo menor el riesgo en los adultos menores de 80 años; así como una correlación positiva significativa entre vitamina B12 sérica y función mental. Se concluye que los ancianos estudiados se encontraban en situación de riesgo de deficiencia de estas vitaminas y que hubo asociación con edad y función mental que debe ser explorada con la evaluación simultánea de otros nutrientes intervinientes

Abnormal deposition of protein tau takes place in the brain of patients with several neurodegenerative diseases. Few of these patients present frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism and amyotrophy (FTDPA-17), an autosomal dominant tauopathy related to mutations of the gene that codes for protein tau, localized in chromosome 17. The great majority of patients with tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease, sporadic frontotemporal dementia or progressive supranuclear palsy do not show a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. We have occasionally seen tauopathies in patients with parkin mutations and, therefore, hypothesized that the protein tau interacts with parkin. We have tested that hypothesis in mice with combined genetic modifications of tau (over-expression of human tau with three mutations known to produce FTDPA-17) and parkin (deleted) proteins. Homozygote parkin null or over-expressing mutated-human tau mice have subtle behavioral and molecular abnormalities but do not express a clinical phenotype of neurodegenerative disease. Mice with combined homozygous mutations of these two genes show progressively abnormal walking already noticeable at 3 months of age, loss of dopamine and dopamine markers in striatum, nuclear tau immunoreactive deposits in motor neurons of the spinal cord, abnormal expression of glial markers and enhanced levels of pro-apoptotic proteins; findings that were absent or less pronounced in homozygote animals with deletions of parkin or over-expression of tau. The double transgenic mice do not express normal mechanisms of adaptation to stress such as increased levels of GSH and Hsp-70. In addition, they have reduced levels of CHIP–Hsc70, a complex known to attenuate aggregation of tau and to enhance ubiquitination of phosphorylated tau. We have found high levels of phosphorylated tau in parkin−/−+tauVLW mice and a relative decrease of the inactivated pSer9 to total GSK-3 levels. Our data reveal that there are interactions between tau and parki

La enfermería durante el período nazi experimentó su “momento de gloria”, por el reconocimiento y poder dentro del partido que Hitler y sus colaboradores le brindaron a la profesión, al ubicarla como un grupo indispensable para lograr los propósitos del nacionalsocialismo. Sin embargo, el desarrollo de la práctica se caracterizó por la influencia del contexto sociopolítico, convirtiendo esta época en el período más oscuro de la profesión

La enfermería durante el período nazi experimentó su “momento de gloria”, por el reconocimiento y poder dentro del partido que Hitler y sus colaboradores le brindaron a la profesión, al ubicarla como un grupo indispensable para lograr los propósitos del nacionalsocialismo. Sin embargo, el desarrollo de la práctica se caracterizó por la influencia del contexto sociopolítico, convirtiendo esta época en el período más oscuro de la profesión

Matrix acidizing is a stimulation technique only applicable to wells with surrounding damage. It is therefore very important to differentiate the real formation damage from the damage caused by flow dynamic effects. The mechanical damage corresponds to flow restrictions caused by partial penetration, poor perforation as well as to reduced diameters of the production tubing. The dynamic effects are generated by inertia caused by high flow rates and high-pressure differentials. A common practice in our oil fields is to use a general formulation as acid treatment, most of the times without previous lab studies that guarantee the applicability of the treatment in the formation. Additionally, stimulation is randomly applied even treating undamaged wells with negative results and in the best of the cases, loss of the treatment. The selection of the well for matrix stimulation is an essential factor for the success of the treatment. Selection is done through the evaluation of the skin factor (S) and of the economic benefits of reducing the skin in comparison to the cost of the work. The most appropriate tool for skin evaluation is a good pressure test where the radial flow period can be identified. Nevertheless, we normally find outdated tests most of the times taken with inaccurate tools. The interpretation problem is worsened by completions in which there is simultaneous production from several sand packages and it is difficult to individually differentiate damage factors. This works states a procedure for the selection of wells appropriate for stimulation; it also proposes a method to evaluate the skin factor when there are no accurate interpretations of the pressure tests. A new and increasingly applied methodology to treat wells with high water cuts, which are usually discarded due to the risk of stimulating waterzones, is also mentioned., La acidificación matricial es una técnica de estimulación aplicable sólo a pozos que presentan daño en sus alrededores. Por esta razón es de extrema importancia distinguir los efectos de daño de formación real de los efectos de daño mecánico y de los efectos causados por efectos dinámicos de flujo. El daño mecánico corresponde a restricciones al flujo ocasionadas por penetración parcial, baja eficiencia de cañoneo y diámetros reducidos en la tubería de producción, entre otros. Los efectos dinámicos son generados por efectos de inercia debidos a altas tasas de flujo y altos diferenciales de presión. Una práctica común en nuestros yacimientos es la de utilizar una formulación general como tratamiento ácido, muchas veces sin estudios de laboratorio que garanticen la aplicabilidad del tratamiento en la formación. Adicionalmente la estimulación se aplica indiscrimidamente, llegándose a tratar pozos sin daño en los cuales se obtienen respuestas negativas y en el mejor de los casos la pérdida del tratamiento. La selección del pozo adecuado para la estimulación matricial es un paso determinante en el éxito del tratamiento. La selección se efectúa mediante la evaluación del factor de daño o skin (S) y los beneficios económicos de reducir el skin en comparación los costos del trabajo. La herramienta más adecuada para calcular el skin es una buena prueba de presión en donde se pueda identificar el período de flujo radial. Sin embargo, lo normal es encontrar pruebas desactualizadas y muchas veces tomadas con herramientas de poca confiabilidad como el caso de las cartas de ameradas. Adicionalmente, el problema de la interpretación se agudiza por los completamientos en que se tiene producción simultánea de varios paquetes arenosos y es complicado distinguir los factores de daño individualmente. En este trabajo se plantea un procedimiento para la selección de pozos candidatos a estimulación y un método para la evaluación del factor de daño cuando no se dispone de interpretaciones

Matrix acidizing is a stimulation technique only applicable to wells with surrounding damage. It is therefore very important to differentiate the real formation damage from the damage caused by flow dynamic effects. The mechanical damage corresponds to flow restrictions caused by partial penetration, poor perforation as well as to reduced diameters of the production tubing. The dynamic effects are generated by inertia caused by high flow rates and high-pressure differentials. A common practice in our oil fields is to use a general formulation as acid treatment, most of the times without previous lab studies that guarantee the applicability of the treatment in the formation. Additionally, stimulation is randomly applied even treating undamaged wells with negative results and in the best of the cases, loss of the treatment. The selection of the well for matrix stimulation is an essential factor for the success of the treatment. Selection is done through the evaluation of the skin factor (S) and of the economic benefits of reducing the skin in comparison to the cost of the work. The most appropriate tool for skin evaluation is a good pressure test where the radial flow period can be identified. Nevertheless, we normally find outdated tests most of the times taken with inaccurate tools. The interpretation problem is worsened by completions in which there is simultaneous production from several sand packages and it is difficult to individually differentiate damage factors. This works states a procedure for the selection of wells appropriate for stimulation; it also proposes a method to evaluate the skin factor when there are no accurate interpretations of the pressure tests. A new and increasingly applied methodology to treat wells with high water cuts, which are usually discarded due to the risk of stimulating waterzones, is also mentioned., La acidificación matricial es una técnica de estimulación aplicable sólo a pozos que presentan daño en sus alrededores. Por esta razón es de extrema importancia distinguir los efectos de daño de formación real de los efectos de daño mecánico y de los efectos causados por efectos dinámicos de flujo. El daño mecánico corresponde a restricciones al flujo ocasionadas por penetración parcial, baja eficiencia de cañoneo y diámetros reducidos en la tubería de producción, entre otros. Los efectos dinámicos son generados por efectos de inercia debidos a altas tasas de flujo y altos diferenciales de presión. Una práctica común en nuestros yacimientos es la de utilizar una formulación general como tratamiento ácido, muchas veces sin estudios de laboratorio que garanticen la aplicabilidad del tratamiento en la formación. Adicionalmente la estimulación se aplica indiscrimidamente, llegándose a tratar pozos sin daño en los cuales se obtienen respuestas negativas y en el mejor de los casos la pérdida del tratamiento. La selección del pozo adecuado para la estimulación matricial es un paso determinante en el éxito del tratamiento. La selección se efectúa mediante la evaluación del factor de daño o skin (S) y los beneficios económicos de reducir el skin en comparación los costos del trabajo. La herramienta más adecuada para calcular el skin es una buena prueba de presión en donde se pueda identificar el período de flujo radial. Sin embargo, lo normal es encontrar pruebas desactualizadas y muchas veces tomadas con herramientas de poca confiabilidad como el caso de las cartas de ameradas. Adicionalmente, el problema de la interpretación se agudiza por los completamientos en que se tiene producción simultánea de varios paquetes arenosos y es complicado distinguir los factores de daño individualmente. En este trabajo se plantea un procedimiento para la selección de pozos candidatos a estimulación y un método para la evaluación del factor de daño cuando no se dispone de interpretaciones

Case Reports, Journal Article, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Case Reports, Journal Article, info:eu-repo/semantics/published