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Yan Liu, 1,* Chi Zhang, 2,* Chengyu Li, 1 Chunxue Bai, 3 Hongcai Shang 1 1Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute for Brain Disorders, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hongcai ShangKey Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 5 Haiyuncang, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail shanghongcai@126.comBackground: There were few studies on the case mortality of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in elderly people. Improved outcomes with XueBiJing (XBJ) injection vs placebo have been shown in overall trial populations. We investigated the efficacy and safety of XBJ vs placebo in subjects with severe CAP stratified by age (< 65 and ≥ 65 years).Methods: This post hoc analysis of a large randomized trial compared data from elderly and nonelderly patients with XBJ, 100 mL, q 12 h, or a visually indistinguishable placebo for five-to-seven days.Results: Among subjects ≥ 65 years (n=291), 23 (16.0%) XBJ recipients and 41 (27.9%) placebo recipients (P=0.014) died within 28 days. Among subjects < 65 years (n=360), XBJ still had lower mortality (XBJ 15.6% vs placebo 22.8%; P=0.082), without significantly statistical difference. Total duration of ICU stay and the time of mechanical ventilation were similar in both groups (P> 0.05). XBJ also had a favorable safety profile, with no clinically relevant differences between the two groups. The overall incidence of adverse events was similar in both g

Liu Y, Zhang C, Li C, Bai C, Shang H. Clin Interv Aging. 2020;15:2109–2115. Page 2111, Results, third paragraph, second sentence, the text “Elderly patients with XBJ had a significantly inferior overall survival to those with placebo” should read “Elderly patients with placebo had a significantly inferior overall survival to those with XBJ”. Page 2114, Figure 1 caption, the text “elderly group: patients with XBJ had a significantly inferior overall survival to those who with placebo” should read “elderly group: patients with placebo had a significantly inferior overall survival to those with XBJ”. The authors apologize for these errors and advise they do not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. Read the original article

Lu Shan,1 En-Xue Tao,2 Qing-Hui Meng,3 Wen-Xia Hou,3 Kang Liu,1 Hong-Cai Shang,4 Jin-Bao Tang,1 Wei-Fen Zhang1,4 1School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, 2The Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 3School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 4Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China Abstract: Cholinergic neurotransmission loss is the main cause of cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Phospholipids (PLs) play an essential role in memory and learning abilities. Moreover, PLs act as a source of choline in acetylcholine synthesis. This study aimed to prepare and optimize the formulation of chitosan/phospholipid/β-cyclodextrin (CTS/PL/β-CD) microspheres that can improve cognitive impairment. The CTS/PL/β-CD microspheres were prepared by spray drying, and optimized with an orthogonal design. These microspheres were also characterized in terms of morphology, structure, thermostability, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency. The spatial learning and memory of rats were evaluated using the Morris water maze test, and the neuroprotective effects of the CTS/PL/β-CD microspheres were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Scanning electron microscopic images showed that the CTS/PL/β-CD microspheres were spherical with slightly wrinkled surfaces. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry proved that PLs formed hydrogen bonds with the amide group of CTS and the hydroxyl group of β-CD. The learning and memory abilities of rats in the treated group significantly improved compared with those in the model group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that treatment with the CTS/PL/β-CD microspheres attenuated the expression of protein kinase C-δ and inhibited the a