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The multinational Arabidopsis research community is highly collaborative and over the past thirty years these activities have been documented by the Multinational Arabidopsis Steering Committee (MASC). Here, we (a) highlight recent research advances made with the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana; (b) provide summaries from recent reports submitted by MASC subcommittees, projects and resources associated with MASC and from MASC country representatives; and (c) initiate a call for ideas and foci for the “fourth decadal roadmap,” which will advise and coordinate the global activities of the Arabidopsis research community.

OBJECTIVE: Although counting of circulating tumour cells (CTC) has attracted a broad interest as potential markers of tumour progression and treatment response, the lack of functional characterisation of these cells had become a bottleneck in taking these observations to the clinic. Our objective was to culture these cells in order to understand them and exploit their therapeutic potential to the full. DESIGN: Here, hypothesising that some CTC potentially have cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype, we generated several CTC lines from the blood of patients with advanced metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) based on their self-renewal abilities. Multiple standard tests were then employed to characterise these cells. RESULTS: Our CTC lines self-renew, express CSC markers and have multilineage differentiation ability, both in vitro and in vivo. Patient-derived CTC lines are tumorigenic in subcutaneous xenografts and are also able to colonise the liver after intrasplenic injection. RNA sequencing analyses strikingly demonstrate that drug metabolising pathways represent the most upregulated feature among CTC lines in comparison with primary CRC cells grown under similar conditions. This result is corroborated by the high resistance of the CTC lines to conventional cytotoxic compounds. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results directly demonstrate the existence of patient-derived colorectal CTCs that bear all the functional attributes of CSCs. The CTC culture model described here is simple and takes <1 month from blood collection to drug testing, therefore, routine clinical application could facilitate access to personalised medicine. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrial.gov NCT01577511.

Photosynthesis has shaped atmospheric and ocean chemistries and probably changed the climate as well, as oxygen is released from water as part of the photosynthetic process. In photosynthetic eukaryotes, this process occurs in the chloroplast, an organelle containing the most abundant biological membrane, the thylakoids. The thylakoids of plants and some green algae are structurally inhomogeneous, consisting of two main domains: the grana, which are piles of membranes gathered by stacking forces, and the stroma-lamellae, which are unstacked thylakoids connecting the grana. The major photosynthetic complexes are unevenly distributed within these compartments because of steric and electrostatic constraints. Although proteomic analysis of thylakoids has been instrumental to define its protein components, no extensive proteomic study of subthylakoid localization of proteins in the BBY (grana) and the stroma-lamellae fractions has been achieved so far. To fill this gap, we performed a complete survey of the protein composition of these thylakoid subcompartments using thylakoid membrane fractionations. We employed semiquantitative proteomics coupled with a data analysis pipeline and manual annotation to differentiate genuine BBY and stroma-lamellae proteins from possible contaminants. About 300 thylakoid (or potentially thylakoid) proteins were shown to be enriched in either the BBY or the stroma-lamellae fractions. Overall, present findings corroborate previous observations obtained for photosynthetic proteins that used nonproteomic approaches. The originality of the present proteomic relies in the identification of photosynthetic proteins whose differential distribution in the thylakoid subcompartments might explain already observed phenomenon such as LHCII docking. Besides, from the present localization results we can suggest new molecular actors for photosynthesis-linked activities. For instance, most PsbP-like subunits being differently localized in stroma-lamellae

— GaN and its related alloys constitute a family of wide bandgap semiconductors suitable to optoelectronics and power microwave applications. For the latter applications, their high breakdown fields in the 3MV/cm range and their high peak electron velocity above 107cm/s are crucial. The high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) based on GaN is suitable to high frequencies and power applications. Moreover, those materials show excellent chemical and metallurgical stability. One peculiarity of GaN is stemming from the fact that the crystal growth is mostly achieved by heteroepitaxy since no commercial GaN substrates are yet available. The substrates currently chosen are sapphire, silicon carbide and silicon. The high power RF device performance decreases as operation temperature increases (e.g. fall of electron mobility impacting the cut-off frequencies and degradation of device reliability) so it is very important to understand the thermal effect in the device. This work present an analytical model of electron transport based on, at one hand, experimental characterisation such as I-V pulsed measurement, thermal characterisation and, at the other hand, thermal simulation and physical analysis. We were able to derive the variation of the electron velocity model as a function of temperature thanks to the thermal characterisation of parameters such electron mobility, ohmic contact, carrier density and gate Schottky barrier.

Titre uniforme : Desvignes, Pierre (1764-1827). Compositeur. [Te Deum laudamus. Voix (3), choeur à 4 voix, orchestre. Ré majeur], Daté d'après la période d'exercice de Desvignes à Chartres et la reprise à Paris. - Ajouts et corrections de la main de Desvigne pour une reprise à Notre-Dame de Paris pour un évènement important (Cf les chanteurs célèbres comme exécutants), entre 1804 et 1811[d'après la période d'exercice du chanteur Rolland]. - Voix : Sol 2, Ut 3, Fa 4. - Choeur : Sol 2, Ut 3, Ut 4, Fa 4. - Orchestre : vl 2, vla, vlc, b, fl, ob 2 et cl 2, fag 2, cor 2 (en ré). - Les parties de clarinettes ont été ajoutées pour une reprise à Notre-Dame ; elles doublent les parties de hautbois. - Nombreuses annotations au crayon rouge pour l'exécution à Paris. - Noms des chanteurs ajoutés au crayon rouge pour une repris à Notre-Dame : Melle Armand (Sol 2), Mr Nourrit (Ut 3), Mr Bertin (Fa 4), Melle Pellet (Sol 2), Melle Lelong (Sol 2), Melle L'Etand (Sol 2), Mr Rolland (Ut 3), Mr Derivis (Fa 4), Mr Lais [Lays] (Ut 4). - Relié avec Regina caeli laetare et Caeli enarrant (psaume 18). - Mention ajoutée au départ du Fiat misericordia tua : "morceau se transpose en ut min". - Mention de Desvignes au départ du n° 5 : "les clarinettes jouent les violons dans tous les morceaux". - Collette sur 1 p. . - Papier bleuté. - Malmenaide, Présentation musicale : [Partition], Incipit : Te Deum laudamus, Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RISM2, Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RISMMss, Motets