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In het maatschappelijke debat over landbouw, voedsel en natuur gaat het vaak over het halveren van de veestapel en of we de stikstofdoelen in 2030 of 2035 moeten halen. Maar zijn dit wel de goede vragen? Een team onderzoekers van Wageningen Research identificeerde zes dilemma’s op basis van diverse WUR-studies. De keuzes die we als maatschappij ten aanzien van de dilemma’s maken, zijn medebepalend voor de toekomst van landbouw, voedsel en natuur in Nederland.

Background and aims: Despite lipid lowering therapy (LLT), reaching LDL-C targets in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) remains challenging. Our aim was to determine attainment of LDL-C target levels and reasons for not reaching these in female and male FH patients. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of heterozygous FH patients in five hospitals in the Netherlands and Norway. Clinical characteristics and information about LLT, lipid levels and reasons for not being on LDL-C treatment target were retrospectively collected from electronic medical records. Results: We studied 3178 FH patients (53.9% women), median age 48.0 (IQR 34.0–59.9) years. Median LDL-C before treatment and on-treatment was higher in women compared to men (6.2 (IQR 5.1–7.3) and 6.0 (IQR 4.9–7.2) mmol/l (p=0.005) and 3.0 (IQR 2.4–3.8) and 2.8 (IQR 2.3–3.5) mmol/L (p<0.001)), respectively. A minority of women (26.9%) and men (28.9%) reached LDL-C target. In patients with CVD, 17.2% of women and 25.8% of men reached LDL-C target. Women received less often high-intensity statins and ezetimibe. Most common reported reasons for not achieving the LDL-C target were insufficient effect of maximum LLT (women 17.3%, men 24.3%) and side effects (women 15.2%, men 8.6%). Conclusions: In routine practice, only a minority of women and men with FH achieved their LDL-C treatment target. Extra efforts have to be made to provide FH patients with reliable information on the safety of statins and their long-term effects on CVD risk reduction. If statin treatment is insufficient, alternative lipid lowering therapies such as ezetimibe or PCSK9-inhibitors should be considered.

Study Objectives: To determine cognitive profiles in individuals with short sleep duration insomnia (SSDI) and normal sleep duration insomnia (NSDI; also, paradoxical insomnia), compared to healthy sleepers. Method: Polysomnographic (PSG) and neuropsychological data were analysed from 902 community-based Raine Study participants aged 22 ± 0.6 years of whom 124 met criteria for insomnia (53 with NSDI and 71 with or SSDI) and 246 were classified as healthy with normal sleep (i.e., without insomnia or other sleep disorders). Measurements of self- report (attention and memory) and laboratory-assessed (attention, episodic memory, working memory, learning, and psychomotor function) cognition and mood, and PSG-based sleep stages (% total sleep time; %TST) were compared between these 3 groups. Results: In comparison to the healthy sleeper group, both insomnia groups had poorer self-reported attention, memory, mood, and sleep, and poorer laboratory-assessed attention (inconsistency). The NSDI group had less consistent working memory reaction time than healthy-sleepers or those with SSDI. The SSDI group had more inconsistency in executive function (shifting), and showed greater %TST in stage N1 and N3, and less REM sleep than either healthy-sleepers or those with NSDI. Conclusions: Individuals with NSDI demonstrated greater working memory inconsistency, despite no laboratory assessed sleep problems, implicating early signs of pathophysiology other than disturbed sleep. Those with SSDI demonstrated different sleep architecture, poorer attention (inconsistency), and greater executive function (inconsistency) compared to healthy-sleepers and those with NSDI, implicating sleep disturbance in the disease process of this phenotype.

Study Objectives: To determine cognitive profiles in individuals with short sleep duration insomnia (SSDI) and normal sleep duration insomnia (NSDI; also, paradoxical insomnia), compared to healthy sleepers. Method: Polysomnographic (PSG) and neuropsychological data were analysed from 902 community-based Raine Study participants aged 22 ± 0.6 years of whom 124 met criteria for insomnia (53 with NSDI and 71 with or SSDI) and 246 were classified as healthy with normal sleep (i.e., without insomnia or other sleep disorders). Measurements of self- report (attention and memory) and laboratory-assessed (attention, episodic memory, working memory, learning, and psychomotor function) cognition and mood, and PSG-based sleep stages (% total sleep time; %TST) were compared between these 3 groups. Results: In comparison to the healthy sleeper group, both insomnia groups had poorer self-reported attention, memory, mood, and sleep, and poorer laboratory-assessed attention (inconsistency). The NSDI group had less consistent working memory reaction time than healthy-sleepers or those with SSDI. The SSDI group had more inconsistency in executive function (shifting), and showed greater %TST in stage N1 and N3, and less REM sleep than either healthy-sleepers or those with NSDI. Conclusions: Individuals with NSDI demonstrated greater working memory inconsistency, despite no laboratory assessed sleep problems, implicating early signs of pathophysiology other than disturbed sleep. Those with SSDI demonstrated different sleep architecture, poorer attention (inconsistency), and greater executive function (inconsistency) compared to healthy-sleepers and those with NSDI, implicating sleep disturbance in the disease process of this phenotype.

This position statement represents a consensus of an expert committee convened by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE) on the endodontic management of traumatized permanent teeth. A recent comprehensive review with detailed background information provides the basis for this position statement (Krastl et al. 2021, International Endodontic Journal, https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13508). The statement is based on current scientific evidence as well as the expertise of the committee. Complementing the recently revised guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology, this position statement aims to provide clinical guidance for the choice of the appropriate endodontic approach for traumatized permanent teeth. Given the dynamic nature of research in this area, this position statement will be updated at appropriate intervals.

The pulp plays a key role in the treatment of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) and is strongly associated with the outcome, particularly in severe cases. A correct pulp diagnosis is essential as it forms the basis for developing the appropriate management strategy. However, many TDIs are complex, and their treatment requires a profound knowledge of the physiological and pathological responses of the affected tissues. This comprehensive review will look at the dentine–pulp complex and its interaction with the surrounding tissues following TDIs. The literature up to 2020 was reviewed based on several searches on PubMed and the Cochrane Library using relevant terms. In addition to the recently revised guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology, this article aims to provide background information with a focus on endodontic aspects and to gather evidence on which a clinician can make decisions on the choice of the appropriate endodontic approach for traumatized permanent teeth.

As 5th Generation research reaches the twilight, the research community must go beyond 5G and look towards the 2030 connectivity landscape, namely 6G. In this context, this work takes a step towards the 6G vision by proposing a next generation communication platform, which aims to extend the rigid coverage area of fixed deployment networks by considering virtual mobile small cells (MSC) that are created on demand. Relying on emerging computing paradigms such as NFV (Network Function Virtualization) and SDN (Software Defined Networking), these cells can harness radio and networking capability locally reducing protocol signaling latency and overhead. These MSCs constitute an intelligent pool of networking resources that can collaborate to form a wireless network of MSCs providing a communication platform for localized, ubiquitous and reliable connectivity. The technology enablers for implementing the MSC concept are also addressed in terms of virtualization, lightweight wireless security, and energy efficient RF. The benefits of the MSC architecture towards reliable and efficient cell offloading are demonstrated as a use-case., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures. IEEE Communications Standards Magazine, 2021

In the aircraft industry there is an increasing need for cost-effective assembly methods for dissimilar thermoplastic/thermosetting composites. Fusion bonding provides a good alternative to mechanical fastening, and may be applied to thermosetting composites by using a thermoplastic interlayer. The research project ‘HyPoComp’ at Delft University of Technology aims to develop a resistance welding process for joining CF/epoxy and CF/PEEK. A satisfactory joint strength can be achieved, but there are concerns about the high temperature introduced into the thermosetting substrate during the joining process. This thesis investigates the thermal degradation of CF/epoxy composites under short-term, high temperature thermal loads., Aerospace Engineering, Aerospace Structures & Materials

In the aircraft industry there is an increasing need for cost-effective assembly methods for dissimilar thermoplastic/thermosetting composites. Fusion bonding provides a good alternative to mechanical fastening, and may be applied to thermosetting composites by using a thermoplastic interlayer. The research project ‘HyPoComp’ at Delft University of Technology aims to develop a resistance welding process for joining CF/epoxy and CF/PEEK. A satisfactory joint strength can be achieved, but there are concerns about the high temperature introduced into the thermosetting substrate during the joining process. This thesis investigates the thermal degradation of CF/epoxy composites under short-term, high temperature thermal loads., Aerospace Engineering, Aerospace Structures & Materials

Introduction: (A)EEG ((ambulatory) electroencephalography) is a method to record brain waves over a period for more than forty-eight hours. The method is used routinely for diagnostics and pre surgical procedures in human patients suffering from epilepsy(Empson 1986a; Patel et al. 2009; Rose and Hodgson 2000; Shih et al. 2009; Swartz and Goldensohn 1998). In horses still insufficiently research is done to use (A)EEG as a diagnostic tool for epileptic(Aleman et al. 2006; Lacombe et al. 2001; Williams et al. 2008). Objective: The aim of the study is test the hypothesis that AEEG can be used for longterm recordings in unsedated horses for identification of abnormalities, for instance epilepsy. Material and methods: The control group contained 8 healthy horses. The patient group contained 7 horses. Patients showed clinical signs of abnormal behaviour of unknown origin or epileptic–like insults as judged by their own vet. Electrode placement was determined based on the human system in combination with MRI examination of a head. 9 self adhesive electrodes were positioned. The ‘Porti-5’ recording system was attached underneath a metal roll-band on top of a girdle. The records were analysed making montages to compare the signals of the electrodes with each other. The filter settings were 0,5 Hz high pass and 35 Hz low pass. The records were analysed off-line at an amplitude of 50-200uV and 10 seconds time scale by visual inspection. Epileptic activity was defined as records containing a spike (a sharp wave of 70-200Hz), a period of rhythmical activity (longer period of similar waves of 1-1,5Hz) or a fast rhythmic discharge (short period of high amplitude waves of 4-7Hz) ((Aleman et al. 2006; Beleza et al. 2009; Liasis et al. 2006; Tassi et al. 2009). In one patient a post-mortem MRI was made. Results: The recording time varied from 6 until 48 hours. All the cases showed normal brain signals(Aleman et al. 2006; Empson 1986a; Williams et al. 2008). 57% of the patient group sh

Introduction: (A)EEG ((ambulatory) electroencephalography) is a method to record brain waves over a period for more than forty-eight hours. The method is used routinely for diagnostics and pre surgical procedures in human patients suffering from epilepsy(Empson 1986a; Patel et al. 2009; Rose and Hodgson 2000; Shih et al. 2009; Swartz and Goldensohn 1998). In horses still insufficiently research is done to use (A)EEG as a diagnostic tool for epileptic(Aleman et al. 2006; Lacombe et al. 2001; Williams et al. 2008). Objective: The aim of the study is test the hypothesis that AEEG can be used for longterm recordings in unsedated horses for identification of abnormalities, for instance epilepsy. Material and methods: The control group contained 8 healthy horses. The patient group contained 7 horses. Patients showed clinical signs of abnormal behaviour of unknown origin or epileptic–like insults as judged by their own vet. Electrode placement was determined based on the human system in combination with MRI examination of a head. 9 self adhesive electrodes were positioned. The ‘Porti-5’ recording system was attached underneath a metal roll-band on top of a girdle. The records were analysed making montages to compare the signals of the electrodes with each other. The filter settings were 0,5 Hz high pass and 35 Hz low pass. The records were analysed off-line at an amplitude of 50-200uV and 10 seconds time scale by visual inspection. Epileptic activity was defined as records containing a spike (a sharp wave of 70-200Hz), a period of rhythmical activity (longer period of similar waves of 1-1,5Hz) or a fast rhythmic discharge (short period of high amplitude waves of 4-7Hz) ((Aleman et al. 2006; Beleza et al. 2009; Liasis et al. 2006; Tassi et al. 2009). In one patient a post-mortem MRI was made. Results: The recording time varied from 6 until 48 hours. All the cases showed normal brain signals(Aleman et al. 2006; Empson 1986a; Williams et al. 2008). 57% of the patient group sh

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2007., Page 120 blank., Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-118)., This thesis embraces the leftover spaces along the back alleyways and turns them into fronts. It proposes inhabitation of spaces below,above and in-between the warehouses through strategic and programmatically specific engagement. As such this project aims to devise a system that integrates both physical and sociological urban fractures.The site is the Los Angeles Fashion District. It is a place of constant transformation; with its evolving fashion trends, new techniques of production, a changing workforce and new buildings. Yet, despite all the sociological and technological changes, the apparel industry still remains labor intensive. Furthermore, the LA Fashion District concentrates the large number of recent immigrants who are mostly undereducated or uneducated. In response to this situation, I am proposing the School for Apparel Industry Workers. Modeled based on current education facilities for adult immigrants, it provides learning opportunities to the workers at their workplace. The school also acts as an architectural connector. It creates mutual relationships among buildings in the alleyways. Pleating, an apparel industry technique, is employed here as an architectural strategy to develop the system of the project that establish physical and sociological connections. It is also a tool in the organization of school programs as well as a technical solution in appropriating existing structures. Its structural and spatial flexibility exploits the diverse shapes extant in existing structures, providing both visual and physical connections between workplace and learning, while fostering greater acceptance and knowledge of immigrants in the community at large. Key words: immigrant, apparel industry, informality, school for immigrant workers, infill, pleat, by Kyu Ree Kim., M.Arch.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2007., Page 120 blank., Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-118)., This thesis embraces the leftover spaces along the back alleyways and turns them into fronts. It proposes inhabitation of spaces below,above and in-between the warehouses through strategic and programmatically specific engagement. As such this project aims to devise a system that integrates both physical and sociological urban fractures.The site is the Los Angeles Fashion District. It is a place of constant transformation; with its evolving fashion trends, new techniques of production, a changing workforce and new buildings. Yet, despite all the sociological and technological changes, the apparel industry still remains labor intensive. Furthermore, the LA Fashion District concentrates the large number of recent immigrants who are mostly undereducated or uneducated. In response to this situation, I am proposing the School for Apparel Industry Workers. Modeled based on current education facilities for adult immigrants, it provides learning opportunities to the workers at their workplace. The school also acts as an architectural connector. It creates mutual relationships among buildings in the alleyways. Pleating, an apparel industry technique, is employed here as an architectural strategy to develop the system of the project that establish physical and sociological connections. It is also a tool in the organization of school programs as well as a technical solution in appropriating existing structures. Its structural and spatial flexibility exploits the diverse shapes extant in existing structures, providing both visual and physical connections between workplace and learning, while fostering greater acceptance and knowledge of immigrants in the community at large. Key words: immigrant, apparel industry, informality, school for immigrant workers, infill, pleat, by Kyu Ree Kim., M.Arch.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2007., Page 120 blank., Includes bibliographical references (p. 116-118)., This thesis embraces the leftover spaces along the back alleyways and turns them into fronts. It proposes inhabitation of spaces below,above and in-between the warehouses through strategic and programmatically specific engagement. As such this project aims to devise a system that integrates both physical and sociological urban fractures.The site is the Los Angeles Fashion District. It is a place of constant transformation; with its evolving fashion trends, new techniques of production, a changing workforce and new buildings. Yet, despite all the sociological and technological changes, the apparel industry still remains labor intensive. Furthermore, the LA Fashion District concentrates the large number of recent immigrants who are mostly undereducated or uneducated. In response to this situation, I am proposing the School for Apparel Industry Workers. Modeled based on current education facilities for adult immigrants, it provides learning opportunities to the workers at their workplace. The school also acts as an architectural connector. It creates mutual relationships among buildings in the alleyways. Pleating, an apparel industry technique, is employed here as an architectural strategy to develop the system of the project that establish physical and sociological connections. It is also a tool in the organization of school programs as well as a technical solution in appropriating existing structures. Its structural and spatial flexibility exploits the diverse shapes extant in existing structures, providing both visual and physical connections between workplace and learning, while fostering greater acceptance and knowledge of immigrants in the community at large. Key words: immigrant, apparel industry, informality, school for immigrant workers, infill, pleat, by Kyu Ree Kim., M.Arch.

In the effort to change the reference base of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude BAttery to a sample representative of American youth in 1980, anomalies noted in the speeded subtest performance of the new sample indicated it might be an inappropriate reference. Discrepancies were traced to a nonoperational answer sheet us ed for data collection of the 1980 youth sample. An experimental study was conducted to correct the problem by equating scores on nonoperational answer sheets to scores on operational answer sheets. Data were collected on the speeded subtests from about 9,500 service applicants at Military Entrance Processing Stations; half used operational answer sheets and half used the nonoperational answer sheets that were employed in the youth sample. The results indicated that the adjustments for the answer sheets resolved the anomalies and that the 1980 sample of American youth could be appropriately used with these adjustments. Keywords: 1980 youth population; and Answer sheets.

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the predictive validities of the English Diagnostic Test (EDT). Data on the EDT were based on 228 enlisted service personnel enrolled in journalism-related programs. Multiple regression analyses were conducted for the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) composite test scores and the EDT raw scores, using final school grades as the dependent variable. The analyses show that the Air Force General test composite (GEN) (Arithmetic Reasoning, Word Knowledge, and Paragraph Comprehension) has higher predictive validity than the EDT or other service composite. A GEN cutoff score of the 65th percentile was recommended. Keywords: Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB); English Diagnostic Test; personnel classification; regression analysis; selection tests.

An investigation was conducted to confirm the results of a report written by the Center for Naval Analyses (CNA) on the proposed adoption of the 1980 Youth Population as a new reference for calibration of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB). Although deviations were noted in the procedures used by the CNA, the report was found to be essentially correct in tis results, Psychometric, policy and organizational issues involved in the selection of the appropriate reference population were examined and implications of a change from the 1944 Mobilization Base to the 1980 Youth Population sample were discussed. Keywords: Abilities, AFQT (Armed Forces Qualification Test), Aptitude tests, Equating, Frequency distributions, and Selector composites.

The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB), consisting of 10 subtests, is used as the one multiple test instrument for enlisting young men and women into the military services. The ASVAB Forms 8, 9, and 10 are used by the Air Force to select and classify enlistees into four basic aptitude areas: Mechanical, Administrative, General, and Electronics. The ASVAB also yields a common selection score called the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT). The ASVAB has been in joint service use since 1976; scores from the various composites play a major role in assessing the qualifications of young men and women for assignment to technical training and military jobs. A group of 29,619 male and female enlistees tested between October 1980 and March 1982 comprised the subjects of the study. Each of these enlistees attended a technical training course and received a final school grade which was used as the criterion. Only the 70 courses with 100 or more graduates were used in the study. Uncorrected correlation coefficients (Rs) were computed between the Air Force ASVAB aptitude indexes (AIs) the AFQT, and final technical training grades in each of 70 technical training courses. For each technical school, whenever possible, comparisons were made among nine subsamples: Total group, Males, Females, Whites, Blacks, White Males, Black Males, White Females, and Black Females.