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En esta guía describimos dos tipos de estrategias para fomentar la participación y el voluntariado: las estrategias de gestión de los recursos humanos y el marco lógico de la investigación-acción. En primer lugar, revisamos cuáles son las estrategias efectivas de selección, formación y evaluación de los voluntarios. En segundo lugar, describimos las prácticas basadas en la evidencia para aumentar la afiliación y el compromiso ciudadano. A lo largo del documento, prestamos especial atención a los programas que se han mostrado eficaces en la motivación y la capacitación del voluntariado. También mostramos la importancia del liderazgo y de las infraestructuras de participación. En las secciones finales revisamos el aprendizaje-servicio y el desarrollo organizacional. Por último, reflexionamos sobre cómo traducir la participación en un mayor impacto de las intervenciones. En todos los apartados anteriores se sigue una orientación práctica y se proporcionan recomendaciones concretas para mejorar la intervención.

Synapses are a key component of neural circuits, facilitating rapid and specific signalling between neurons. Synaptic engineering — the synthetic insertion of new synaptic connections into in vivo neural circuits — is an emerging approach for neural circuit interrogation. This approach is especially powerful for establishing causality in neural circuit structure–function relationships, for emulating synaptic plasticity and for exploring novel patterns of circuit connectivity. Contrary to other approaches for neural circuit manipulation, synaptic engineering targets specific connections between neurons and functions autonomously with no user-controlled external activation. Synaptic engineering has been successfully implemented in several systems and in different forms, including electrical synapses constructed from ectopically expressed connexin gap junction proteins, synthetic optical synapses composed of presynaptic photon-emitting luciferase coupled with postsynaptic light-gated channels, and artificial neuropeptide signalling pathways. This Perspective describes these different methods and how they have been applied, and examines how the field may advance., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

La comarca de Quintanilla de Onésimo se ubica en la provincia de Valladolid y es una zona de gran belleza natural con una importante riqueza en flora y fauna. Como en muchas otras regiones del mundo, el riesgo de incendios forestales es una preocupación constante para las autoridades y los habitantes de la zona. Los incendios forestales pueden tener consecuencias devastadoras para el medio ambiente, así como para la economía local y la seguridad de las personas. Esto hace fundamental contar con un plan de defensa contra incendios forestales que permita prevenir este tipo de episodios, así como actuar de manera rápida y efectiva en caso de emergencia. En este plan, estableceremos medidas preventivas tales como la creación de cortafuegos, la gestión adecuada de los residuos forestales, la vigilancia constante de la zona y la educación y concienciación de la población sobre el riesgo de incendios forestales. Por todo ello, con este plan de defensa en la comarca de Quintanilla de Onésimo, se intentará garantizar la protección de esta importante zona natural y la seguridad de sus habitantes., Grado en Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio Natural

El sentido de comunidad es uno de los procesos más investigados en psicología comunitaria. Desde su formulación inicial, la pertenencia a estructuras sociales y geográficas más amplias forma parte de la definición del concepto. La investigación sobre el tema ha solido centrarse en el análisis de los factores ambientales y colectivos que modulan la integración de los individuos en grupos y comunidades y ha prestado menos atención a los aspectos individuales que orientan las interacciones directas que las personas mantienen en estos espacios. En este estudio analizamos la relación de los estilos apego individual y los rasgos de personalidad sobre el sentido de comunidad en 305 entrevistados de diversos barrios de Sevilla (España) y Barranquilla (Colombia). Los resultados muestran un efecto predictivo modesto del estilo de apego seguro y la amabilidad principalmente sobre las dimensiones de self y pertenencia del sentido de comunidad. Estos resultados evidencian la necesidad de tener en cuenta diferentes niveles de análisis en la evaluación de la pertenencia a contextos comunitarios y la utilidad de definir modelos que incluyan la interacción de factores individuales y contextuales en su explicación., Sense of Community is one of the most researched processes in Community Psychology. Since its initial formulation, belonging to broader social and geographical structures has been part of the definition of the concept. Research on the topic has tended to focus on the analysis of the environmental and collective factors that modulate the integration of individuals into groups and communities and has paid less attention to the individual aspects that guide the direct interactions that people have in these spaces. In this study we analyse the relationship between individual attachment styles and personality traits on the sense of community in 305 respondents from different neighborhoods in Seville (Spain) and Barranquilla (Colombia). The results show a modest predictive effect of secure attachment style and agreeableness mainly on the self and belonging dimensions of sense of community. These results show the need to take into account different levels of analysis in the assessment of belonging to community contexts and the usefulness of defining models that include the interaction of individual and contextual factors in their explanation.

This article describes the design of the “First Comprehensive Strategic Plan for Volunteering and Citizen Participation in Andalusia,” which establishes the priorities and strategies for promoting citizen engagement in the Autonomous Community of southern Spain. The drawing up of the strategic plan was developed in two phases. First, a theoretical analysis of the effective practices for promoting citizen participation was conducted. Second, the opinion of a total of 35 representatives of Third Sector organizations was obtained. The review of evidence-based practices made it possible to identify 13 basic strategies for community awareness, education for participation, volunteer management, and the development of inter-organizational networks. Next, 19 interviews were conducted with representatives of the most prominent social entities in the region and two participatory workshops with 16 leaders of the volunteer movement in Andalusia were held. The results showed the existence of a consolidated social fabric, with a “community of practice” constituted over two decades in which awareness-raising and training strategies have been effectively combined to promote volunteering. Representatives of the Third Sector consider educational strategies for participation as a priority, such as service-learning, early participation experiences during adolescence and the training of volunteers and members of associations. On the other hand, although social organizations are aware of the need to adapt to new forms of participation (more individualized, one-off, or episodic), they generally defend strategies that contribute to a higher level of organizational commitment. The resulting plan integrates measures to promote participation and volunteering through cross-cutting actions.

SELFIE is a tool of the European Commission designed to support schools in developing their digital capacity. Schools across Europe have used SELFIE as a diagnostic tool. However, participating schools expressed a need for external guidance in the implementation of digital education transformation, including the exchange of expertise and inspiring practices with other educational centers. In this research we explore what are the key factors in the creation of collaborative networks between teachers. As a case study, we focus on the first steps of building a network of schools to promote digital education in Cantabria (northern Spain). With the participation of 11 schools, we conducted 22 interviews and 2 focus groups to analyze the learning environments of the teaching staff, the personal collaboration networks in the professional field, and the factors perceived as relevant in the design of the digital action plan of each school. The results showed the existence of teachers in each school who were pioneers in the digitization process and who acted as intermediaries both with the public educational administration and with teachers from other schools. During the interviews with these pioneers, we evaluated their personal networks as well as the factors they deem significant for an effective digital transformation. The results were contrasted in a public forum in which 120 teachers participated. Based on these results, we discuss how the creation of a network of key actors could contribute in developing the digital capacity of schools in the region.

[Resumen] Los procesos de oxidación avanzada (POAs) activados por luz representan una alternativa real y efectiva para la eliminación de compuestos orgánicos y desinfección de aguas contaminadas; por ello, en esta investigación de doctorado se estudian diversos aspectos de los procesos fotoquímicos de degradación de contaminantes e inactivación de microorganismos. Inicialmente, se ha examinado la aplicación y eficiencia de varias técnicas de fotooxidación para la eliminación de dos organismos patógenos presentes en agua de camaroneras. Puesto que muchos productos de transformación de contaminantes resultan más tóxicos que los compuestos originales, también se ha evaluado la toxicidad de dos pesticidas y sus productos de degradación mediante indicadores biológicos. La fotocatálisis heterogénea solar es, probablemente, el método más verde y sostenible para el tratamiento de aguas. Sin embargo, presenta un importante problema: la recuperación del catalizador y su pérdida de eficiencia con el uso; por ello, se ha desarrollado un novedoso fotocatalizador homogéneo que combina semiconductores (óxido de titanio y óxido de zinc) con arcillas, y que permite su sencilla reutilización sin una pérdida significativa de actividad, por lo que se ha solicitado y concedido una patente de invención. Este composite se ha probado bajo radiación solar y artificial para la degradación de distintos contaminantes orgánicos (fenol, naranja de metilo, terbumetón y bromuro de N-hexilpiridinio) y la inactivación de bacterias patógenas (Staphylococcus aureus y Escherichia coli), mostrando una elevada eficacia incluso en matrices acuosas complejas (agua de río, agua residual y agua de mar)., [Resumo] Os procesos de oxidación avanzada (POAs) activados por luz representan unha alternativa real e efectiva para a eliminación de compostos orgánicos e desinfección de augas contaminadas; por iso, nesta investigación de doutoramento estúdanse diversos aspectos dos procesos fotoquímicos de degradación de contaminantes e inactivación de microorganismos. Inicialmente, examinouse a aplicación e eficiencia de varias técnicas de fotoxidación para a eliminación de dous organismos patóxenos presentes en auga de camaroneiras. Posto que moitos produtos de transformación de contaminantes resultan máis tóxicos que os compostos orixinais, tamén se avaliou a toxicidade de dous pesticidas e os seus produtos de degradación mediante indicadores biolóxicos. A fotocatálise heteroxénea solar é, probablemente, o método máis verde e sostible para o tratamento de augas. Con todo, presenta un importante problema: a recuperación do catalizador e a súa perda de eficiencia co uso; por iso, desenvolveuse un novo fotocatalizador homoxéneo que combina semicondutores (óxido de titanio e óxido de zinc) con arxilas, e que permite a súa sinxela reutilización sen unha perda significativa de actividade, polo que se solicitou e concedeu unha patente de invención. Este composite probouse baixo radiación solar e artificial para a degradación de distintos contaminantes orgánicos (fenol, laranxa de metilo, terbumetón e bromuro de Nhexilpiridinio) e a inactivación de bacterias patóxenas (Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli), amosando unha elevada eficacia mesmo en matrices acuosas complexas (auga de río, auga residual e auga de mar)., [Abstract] Light-activated advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) represent a real and effective alternative for the removal of organic compounds and the disinfection of contaminated water; therefore, in this PhD thesis several aspects of the photochemical processes of pollutant degradation and microorganism inactivation are studied. Firstly, the application and efficiency of different photooxidation techniques for the removal of two pathogenic organisms present in shrimp farm water have been investigated. Since many pollutant transformation products are more toxic than the original compounds, the toxicity of two pesticides and their degradation products was also evaluated using biological indicators. Solar heterogeneous photocatalysis is probably the greenest and most sustainable method for water treatment. However, it has a major problem: the recovery of the catalyst and its loss of efficiency with use. For this reason, a new homogeneous photocatalyst has been developed, which combines semiconductors (titanium oxide and zinc oxide) with clays and which can be easily reused without significant loss of activity, for which a patent has been filed and granted. This composite has been tested under solar and artificial radiation for the degradation of several organic pollutants (phenol, methyl orange, terbumeton and Nhexylpyridinium bromide) and the inactivation of pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli), showing high efficiency even in complex aqueous matrices (river water, wastewater and sea water).

En aquest projecte es realitzarà el procés de mesura de les variables ambientals, mitjançant un data logger o sistema d'adquisició, que afecten un sistema, per tal de monitoritzar-ne el funcionament correcte. Les variables que es mesuraran seran: temperatura, humitat, pressió i lluminositat. L'adquisició de les dades es farà mitjançant un sistema de múltiples sensors situats a diferents posicions, i que transmetran les dades a un ordinador monoplaca. Es farà servir una Raspberry Pi. I el llenguatge de programació amb què es treballa és Python. S'utilitzarà el servei de BigQuery de Google Cloud per emmagatzemar les dades que s'enviaran directament des de la Raspberry Pi. Posteriorment, mitjançant PowerBi de Microsoft es realitzarà la visualització i l'anàlisi de les dades., En este proyecto se realizará el proceso de medida de las variables ambientales, mediante un data logger o sistema de adquisición, que afectan a un sistema, con el fin de monitorizar el correcto funcionamiento de este. Las variables que se medirán serán: temperatura, humedad, presión e iluminancia. La adquisición de los datos se hará mediante un sistema de múltiples sensores situados en diferentes posiciones, y que transmitirán los datos a una computadora monoplaca. Se utilizará una Raspberry Pi. Y el lenguaje de programación con el que se trabajará es Python. Se empleará el servicio de BigQuery de Google Cloud para almacenar los datos que serán enviados directamente desde la Raspberry Pi. Posteriormente, mediante PowerBi de Microsoft se realizará la visualización y análisis de los datos., In this project, the process of measuring environmental variables will be carried out using a data logger or acquisition system, which affect a system, in order to monitor the correct functioning of the system. The variables that will be measured will be temperature, humidity, pressure and luminosity. The data acquisition will be done through a system of multiple sensors located in different positions, and they will transmit the data to a single-board computer. A Raspberry Pi will be used. And the programming language used is Python. Google Cloud's BigQuery service will be used to store the data, which will be sent directly from the Raspberry Pi. Subsequently, data visualization and analysis will be carried out using Microsoft PowerBi.

This article describes the design of the “First Comprehensive Strategic Plan for Volunteering and Citizen Participation in Andalusia,” which establishes the priorities and strategies for promoting citizen engagement in the Autonomous Community of southern Spain. The drawing up of the strategic plan was developed in two phases. First, a theoretical analysis of the effective practices for promoting citizen participation was conducted. Second, the opinion of a total of 35 representatives of Third Sector organizations was obtained. The review of evidence-based practices made it possible to identify 13 basic strategies for community awareness, education for participation, volunteer management, and the development of inter-organizational networks. Next, 19 interviews were conducted with representatives of the most prominent social entities in the region and two participatory workshops with 16 leaders of the volunteer movement in Andalusia were held. The results showed the existence of a consolidated social fabric, with a “community of practice” constituted over two decades in which awareness-raising and training strategies have been effectively combined to promote volunteering. Representatives of the Third Sector consider educational strategies for participation as a priority, such as service-learning, early participation experiences during adolescence and the training of volunteers and members of associations. On the other hand, although social organizations are aware of the need to adapt to new forms of participation (more individualized, one-off, or episodic), they generally defend strategies that contribute to a higher level of organizational commitment. The resulting plan integrates measures to promote participation and volunteering through cross-cutting actions.

SELFIE is a tool of the European Commission designed to support schools in developing their digital capacity. Schools across Europe have used SELFIE as a diagnostic tool. However, participating schools expressed a need for external guidance in the implementation of digital education transformation, including the exchange of expertise and inspiring practices with other educational centers. In this research we explore what are the key factors in the creation of collaborative networks between teachers. As a case study, we focus on the first steps of building a network of schools to promote digital education in Cantabria (northern Spain). With the participation of 11 schools, we conducted 22 interviews and 2 focus groups to analyze the learning environments of the teaching staff, the personal collaboration networks in the professional field, and the factors perceived as relevant in the design of the digital action plan of each school. The results showed the existence of teachers in each school who were pioneers in the digitization process and who acted as intermediaries both with the public educational administration and with teachers from other schools. During the interviews with these pioneers, we evaluated their personal networks as well as the factors they deem significant for an effective digital transformation. The results were contrasted in a public forum in which 120 teachers participated. Based on these results, we discuss how the creation of a network of key actors could contribute in developing the digital capacity of schools in the region.

El sentido de comunidad es uno de los procesos más investigados en psicología comunitaria. Desde su formulación inicial, la pertenencia a estructuras sociales y geográficas más amplias forma parte de la definición del concepto. La investigación sobre el tema ha solido centrarse en el análisis de los factores ambientales y colectivos que modulan la integración de los individuos en grupos y comunidades y ha prestado menos atención a los aspectos individuales que orientan las interacciones directas que las personas mantienen en estos espacios. En este estudio analizamos la relación de los estilos apego individual y los rasgos de personalidad sobre el sentido de comunidad en 305 entrevistados de diversos barrios de Sevilla (España) y Barranquilla (Colombia). Los resultados muestran un efecto predictivo modesto del estilo de apego seguro y la amabilidad principalmente sobre las dimensiones de self y pertenencia del sentido de comunidad. Estos resultados evidencian la necesidad de tener en cuenta diferentes niveles de análisis en la evaluación de la pertenencia a contextos comunitarios y la utilidad de definir modelos que incluyan la interacción de factores individuales y contextuales en su explicación., Sense of Community is one of the most researched processes in Community Psychology. Since its initial formulation, belonging to broader social and geographical structures has been part of the definition of the concept. Research on the topic has tended to focus on the analysis of the environmental and collective factors that modulate the integration of individuals into groups and communities and has paid less attention to the individual aspects that guide the direct interactions that people have in these spaces. In this study we analyse the relationship between individual attachment styles and personality traits on the sense of community in 305 respondents from different neighborhoods in Seville (Spain) and Barranquilla (Colombia). The results show a modest predictive effect of secure attachment style and agreeableness mainly on the self and belonging dimensions of sense of community. These results show the need to take into account different levels of analysis in the assessment of belonging to community contexts and the usefulness of defining models that include the interaction of individual and contextual factors in their explanation.

Timothy Sowder,1 Dawood Sayed,1 Tyler Concannon,1 Scott H Pew,2 Natalie H Strand,2 Alaa Abd-Elsayed,3 Christopher S Wie,2 Daniel E Gomez Ramos,4 Ahmed M Raslan,5 Timothy R Deer6 1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA; 3Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; 4Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA; 5Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 6The Spine and Nerve Center of the Virginias, Charleston, WV, USACorrespondence: Timothy Sowder, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 1034, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA, Tel +1-913-588-6670, Fax +1-913-588-3365, Email tsowder@kumc.eduAbstract: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a treatment modality used in interventional pain management to treat several conditions including chronic neck or back pain, sacroiliac joint pain, major joint pain, and pain from sites that can be isolated to a sensory nerve amenable to RFA. The goals of such procedures are to reduce pain, improve function, delay need for surgical intervention, and reduce pain medication consumption. As applications for RFA expand through novel techniques and nerve targets, there is concern with how RFA may impact patients with implanted medical devices. Specifically, the electrical currents used in RFA produce electromagnetic interference, which can result in unintentional energy transfer to implanted devices. This may also interfere with device function or cause damage to the device itself. As the number of patients with implanted devices increases, it is imperative to establish guidelines for the management of implanted devices during RFA procedures. This review aims to establish guidelines to assist physicians in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management of implanted devices in p

El sentido de comunidad es uno de los procesos más investigados en psicología comunitaria. Desde su formulación inicial, la pertenencia a estructuras sociales y geográficas más amplias forma parte de la definición del concepto. La investigación sobre el tema ha solido centrarse en el análisis de los factores ambientales y colectivos que modulan la integración de los individuos en grupos y comunidades y ha prestado menos atención a los aspectos individuales que orientan las interacciones directas que las personas mantienen en estos espacios. En este estudio analizamos la relación de los estilos apego individual y los rasgos de personalidad sobre el sentido de comunidad en 305 entrevistados de diversos barrios de Sevilla (España) y Barranquilla (Colombia). Los resultados muestran un efecto predictivo modesto del estilo de apego seguro y la amabilidad principalmente sobre las dimensiones de self y pertenencia del sentido de comunidad. Estos resultados evidencian la necesidad de tener en cuenta diferentes niveles de análisis en la evaluación de la pertenencia a contextos comunitarios y la utilidad de definir modelos que incluyan la interacción de factores individuales y contextuales en su explicación., Sense of Community is one of the most researched processes in Community Psychology. Since its initial formulation, belonging to broader social and geographical structures has been part of the definition of the concept. Research on the topic has tended to focus on the analysis of the environmental and collective factors that modulate the integration of individuals into groups and communities and has paid less attention to the individual aspects that guide the direct interactions that people have in these spaces. In this study we analyse the relationship between individual attachment styles and personality traits on the sense of community in 305 respondents from different neighborhoods in Seville (Spain) and Barranquilla (Colombia). The results show a modest predictive effect of secure attachment style and agreeableness mainly on the self and belonging dimensions of sense of community. These results show the need to take into account different levels of analysis in the assessment of belonging to community contexts and the usefulness of defining models that include the interaction of individual and contextual factors in their explanation.

This article describes the design of the “First Comprehensive Strategic Plan for Volunteering and Citizen Participation in Andalusia,” which establishes the priorities and strategies for promoting citizen engagement in the Autonomous Community of southern Spain. The drawing up of the strategic plan was developed in two phases. First, a theoretical analysis of the effective practices for promoting citizen participation was conducted. Second, the opinion of a total of 35 representatives of Third Sector organizations was obtained. The review of evidence-based practices made it possible to identify 13 basic strategies for community awareness, education for participation, volunteer management, and the development of inter-organizational networks. Next, 19 interviews were conducted with representatives of the most prominent social entities in the region and two participatory workshops with 16 leaders of the volunteer movement in Andalusia were held. The results showed the existence of a consolidated social fabric, with a “community of practice” constituted over two decades in which awareness-raising and training strategies have been effectively combined to promote volunteering. Representatives of the Third Sector consider educational strategies for participation as a priority, such as service-learning, early participation experiences during adolescence and the training of volunteers and members of associations. On the other hand, although social organizations are aware of the need to adapt to new forms of participation (more individualized, one-off, or episodic), they generally defend strategies that contribute to a higher level of organizational commitment. The resulting plan integrates measures to promote participation and volunteering through cross-cutting actions.

El Trabajo de Fin de Grado se centra en una investigación sobre la economía social y solidaria, con el objetivo de explorar cómo la innovación y las microfinanzas pueden impulsar el desarrollo económico en zonas rurales. La investigación incluirá un análisis de varias empresas ubicadas en áreas rurales, para determinar si la innovación ha facilitado el desarrollo de la economía social y ha permitido mantener la actividad en regiones con una tendencia marcada hacia el abandono. Para alcanzar los objetivos, el trabajo se dividirá en dos secciones distintas. La primera parte se dedicará a un estudio sobre las diversas formas en que este tipo de economía se manifiesta en las empresas españolas. También se profundizará en el concepto de las microfinanzas y las oportunidades que ofrecen. Antes de abordar los casos específicos, se revisarán los avances tecnológicos más recientes en el entorno rural. El caso de estudio incluirá un análisis de hasta tres empresas sociales diferentes situadas en áreas rurales. Se examinarán las innovaciones más recientes que estas empresas han implementado y el impacto que estas compañías tienen en su entorno o comunidad. El trabajo concluirá con la presentación de los resultados del estudio y las conclusiones que se han extraído. Se establecerá la relación entre varios de los términos mencionados a lo largo del proyecto y se abordará la alineación de los objetivos del trabajo con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. ABSTRACT The Final Degree Project focuses on research into social and solidarity economy, with the aim of exploring how innovation and microfinance can drive economic development in rural areas. The research will include an analysis of various companies located in rural areas, to determine if innovation has facilitated the development of the social economy and has allowed to maintain activity in regions with a marked tendency towards abandonment. To achieve the objectives, the work will be divided into two distinct sections. T

[Abstract] An innovative bulky photocatalyst for water decontamination has been developed. The semiconductor (TiO2) is homogeneously distributed in an aggregating material through the whole piece. This design prevents the activity reduction usually observed in supported catalysts due to the loss of the photoactive layer, and facilitates its recovery for an easy reuse, which is a recurrent problem dealing with nanoparticles. The photocatalyst combines the excellent properties of TiO2 with those of a natural clay, which serves as binder, slows down the phase transition of anatase to rutile upon calcination, and has a synergetic function. The photocatalyst has been prepared in the form of small pellets with an Ecuadorian clay and TiO2 in the commercial form of P25 by evenly dry mixing, forming a paste with water, and subsequent extrusion, drying and calcination at 600 °C. The photodegradation of phenol, as a model pollutant, has been achieved by using this aggregate material in a flow reactor with artificial UVA-Vis radiation, and reused without any significant loss of activity. The photocatalyst showed an optimum activity at a 40% clay / 60% P25 ratio, while higher calcination temperatures had a negative effect on its performance.

[Abstract] Electronic structure calculations using the density-functional theory (DFT) have been performed to analyse the effect of water molecules and protonation on the heme group of peroxidases in different redox (ferric, ferrous, compounds I and II) and spin states. Shared geometries, spectroscopic properties at the Soret region, and the thermodynamics of peroxidases are discussed. B3LYP and M06-2X density functionals with different basis sets were employed on a common molecular model of the active site (Fe-centred porphine and proximal imidazole). Computed Gibbs free energies indicate that the corresponding aquo complexes are not thermodynamically stable, supporting the five-coordinate Fe(III) centre in native ferric peroxidases, with a water molecule located at a non-bonding distance. Protonation of the ferryl oxygen of compound II is discussed in terms of thermodynamics, Fe–O bond distances, and redox properties. It is demonstrated that this protonation is necessary to account for the experimental data, and computed Gibbs free energies reveal pKa values of compound II about 8.5–9.0. Computation indicates that the general oxidative properties of peroxidase intermediates, as well as their reactivity towards water and protons and Soret bands, are mainly controlled by the iron porphyrin and its proximal histidine ligand.

Microfluidics has demonstrated high versatility in the analysis of in-flow particles and can even achieve mechanical properties measurements of biological cells by applying hydrodynamic forces. However, there is currently no available technique that enables the direct measurement and tracking of these hydrodynamic forces acting on a flowing particle. In this work, we introduce a novel method for the direct measurement of the hydrodynamic force actuating on an in-flow particle based on the analysis of the induced resonance changes of suspended microchannel resonators (SMRs). This hydrodynamic force sensitivity depends on the device used; therefore, we considered the geometry and materials to advance this dependency on the SMR resonance frequency.

This paper presents VoxCeleb-ESP, a collection of pointers and timestamps to YouTube videos facilitating the creation of a novel speaker recognition dataset. VoxCeleb-ESP captures real-world scenarios, incorporating diverse speaking styles, noises, and channel distortions. It includes 160 Spanish celebrities spanning various categories, ensuring a representative distribution across age groups and geographic regions in Spain. We provide two speaker trial lists for speaker identification tasks, each of them with same-video or different-video target trials respectively, accompanied by a cross-lingual evaluation of ResNet pretrained models. Preliminary speaker identification results suggest that the complexity of the detection task in VoxCeleb-ESP is equivalent to that of the original and much larger VoxCeleb in English. VoxCeleb-ESP contributes to the expansion of speaker recognition benchmarks with a comprehensive and diverse dataset for the Spanish language.

Software developers often struggle to update APIs, leading to manual, time-consuming, and error-prone processes. We introduce MELT, a new approach that generates lightweight API migration rules directly from pull requests in popular library repositories. Our key insight is that pull requests merged into open-source libraries are a rich source of information sufficient to mine API migration rules. By leveraging code examples mined from the library source and automatically generated code examples based on the pull requests, we infer transformation rules in \comby, a language for structural code search and replace. Since inferred rules from single code examples may be too specific, we propose a generalization procedure to make the rules more applicable to client projects. MELT rules are syntax-driven, interpretable, and easily adaptable. Moreover, unlike previous work, our approach enables rule inference to seamlessly integrate into the library workflow, removing the need to wait for client code migrations. We evaluated MELT on pull requests from four popular libraries, successfully mining 461 migration rules from code examples in pull requests and 114 rules from auto-generated code examples. Our generalization procedure increases the number of matches for mined rules by 9x. We applied these rules to client projects and ran their tests, which led to an overall decrease in the number of warnings and fixing some test cases demonstrating MELT's effectiveness in real-world scenarios.

[Abstract] The behavior of novel pellet-shaped bulky titania-kaolin photocatalysts is herein evaluated for its application in the solar-assisted photocatalytic treatment of a bio-recalcitrant pesticide mix (imidacloprid, pyrimethanil and methomyl) in solar lab-scale and semi-pilot scale raceway pond photoreactors. The photocatalyst consists of 1 cm long titania-kaolin macro-composites that combine some advantages of both nanoparticulate and supported catalysts without being either. This opening the opportunity to extend the use of this photocatalyst to complex wastewater effluents. In addition, their stability and reusability potential was also evaluated, and reactive species leading to the solar-degradation of each pesticide were also identified using radical scavengers. Total removal of pesticides (2 mg L−1 each) with an optimal pellets dosage of 34.8 g L−1 was addressed, whether in ultrapure water (180–270 min of solar irradiation) or in two basic pH Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (MWWTP) effluents (≤300 min of solar irradiation) where methomyl was always the most recalcitrant pesticide. Lower Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal (≈53–56%) was also found under the effect of these complex MWWTP effluents than in ultrapure water (>60%). Those results are very promising when comparing to the almost negligible TOC removal achieved with the Titania powder under basic MWWTP effluents due to the strong effect of particle aggregation. Very good photocatalyst stability and durability was shown along three consecutive cycles after applying a low-cost recovery protocol consisting of several washing and drying cycles without addressing a significant photoefficiency loss (TOC≈60-56%). The application of scavengers revealed that hydroxyl radical generated from photoinduced holes was the dominant species in the degradation of pyrimethanil and methomyl whereas reactive oxygen species formed from conduction band electrons were mainly involved in the photo-oxidation of imidacl

In this study, we analyse the professional role of a group of 28 travel agents in the Russian tourism market. By breaking down the role into basic activities and evaluating the exchanges with personal contacts regarding the performance of each of these activities, we show the centrality of these agents in the tourism supply chain, as well as their mediating role between suppliers and customers. Agents perform tasks in the management of the trip and assistance to the tourist, by participating in contexts of interaction in which processes of interdependence and coordination of activities are generated. The results also serve to illustrate the combination of qualitative analysis and personal network analysis in a context of formal and informal relationships that reveal the exchange that occurs among tourism service provision professionals.

Se presenta un trabajo de investigación, el cual a través de una problemática de escasez del recurso hídrico en la población de la vereda Buena Vista en el municipio de Villavicencio, Meta, planteo una solución, realizando un estudio al comportamiento hidrológico y climático, que puede presentarse en un posible punto para la recolección de agua, la cual puede servir como suministro de agua potable para la población que presenta escasez.

Se presenta un trabajo de investigación, el cual a través de una problemática de escasez del recurso hídrico en la población de la vereda Buena Vista en el municipio de Villavicencio, Meta, planteo una solución, realizando un estudio al comportamiento hidrológico y climático, que puede presentarse en un posible punto para la recolección de agua, la cual puede servir como suministro de agua potable para la población que presenta escasez.

Se presenta un trabajo de investigación, el cual a través de una problemática de escasez del recurso hídrico en la población de la vereda Buena Vista en el municipio de Villavicencio, Meta, planteo una solución, realizando un estudio al comportamiento hidrológico y climático, que puede presentarse en un posible punto para la recolección de agua, la cual puede servir como suministro de agua potable para la población que presenta escasez.

Hasta el siglo XX Australia no existía como país propiamente dicho, era un conjunto de estados independientes y colonias. En 1901 se constituyó un referéndum en el cual participaron todos esos estados y decidieron formar una federación y escoger una bandera (sigue siendo la actual), Grado en Comercio

In this study, we analyse the professional role of a group of 28 travel agents in the Russian tourism market. By breaking down the role into basic activities and evaluating the exchanges with personal contacts regarding the performance of each of these activities, we show the centrality of these agents in the tourism supply chain, as well as their mediating role between suppliers and customers. Agents perform tasks in the management of the trip and assistance to the tourist, by participating in contexts of interaction in which processes of interdependence and coordination of activities are generated. The results also serve to illustrate the combination of qualitative analysis and personal network analysis in a context of formal and informal relationships that reveal the exchange that occurs among tourism service provision professionals.

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Sengupta, T., Koonce, N. L., Vazquez-Martinez, N., Moyle, M. W., Duncan, L. H., Emerson, S. E., Han, X., Shao, L., Wu, Y., Santella, A., Fan, L., Bao, Z., Mohler, W. A., Shroff, H., & Colon-Ramos, D. A. Differential adhesion regulates neurite placement via a retrograde zippering mechanism. Elife, 10, (2021): e71171, https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.71171., During development, neurites and synapses segregate into specific neighborhoods or layers within nerve bundles. The developmental programs guiding placement of neurites in specific layers, and hence their incorporation into specific circuits, are not well understood. We implement novel imaging methods and quantitative models to document the embryonic development of the C. elegans brain neuropil, and discover that differential adhesion mechanisms control precise placement of single neurites onto specific layers. Differential adhesion is orchestrated via developmentally regulated expression of the IgCAM SYG-1, and its partner ligand SYG-2. Changes in SYG-1 expression across neuropil layers result in changes in adhesive forces, which sort SYG-2-expressing neurons. Sorting to layers occurs, not via outgrowth from the neurite tip, but via an alternate mechanism of retrograde zippering, involving interactions between neurite shafts. Our study indicates that biophysical principles from differential adhesion govern neurite placement and synaptic specificity in vivo in developing neuropil bundles., National Institutes of Health (R24-OD01647) Zhirong Bao William Mohler Daniel A Colón-Ramos National Institutes of Health (R01NS076558) Daniel A Colón-Ramos National Institutes of Health (DP1NS111778) Daniel A Colón-Ramos Howard Hughes Medical Institute (Faculty Scholar Award) Daniel A Colón-Ramos Marine Biological Laboratory (Whitman and Fellows program) Hari Shroff Daniel A Colón-Ramos Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Moore Grant) Hari Shroff Daniel A Colón-Ramos Gruber Foundation (Gruber Science Fellowship) Titas Sengupta National Institutes of Health (Predoctoral Training Program in Genetics NIH 2020 T32 GM.) Noelle L Koonce National Institutes of Health (F32-NS098616) Mark W Moyle National Institutes of Health (NIBIB Intramural Research Program) Hari Shroff National Institutes of Health (P30CA008748) Zhirong Bao

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Sengupta, T., Koonce, N. L., Vazquez-Martinez, N., Moyle, M. W., Duncan, L. H., Emerson, S. E., Han, X., Shao, L., Wu, Y., Santella, A., Fan, L., Bao, Z., Mohler, W. A., Shroff, H., & Colon-Ramos, D. A. Differential adhesion regulates neurite placement via a retrograde zippering mechanism. Elife, 10, (2021): e71171, https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.71171., During development, neurites and synapses segregate into specific neighborhoods or layers within nerve bundles. The developmental programs guiding placement of neurites in specific layers, and hence their incorporation into specific circuits, are not well understood. We implement novel imaging methods and quantitative models to document the embryonic development of the C. elegans brain neuropil, and discover that differential adhesion mechanisms control precise placement of single neurites onto specific layers. Differential adhesion is orchestrated via developmentally regulated expression of the IgCAM SYG-1, and its partner ligand SYG-2. Changes in SYG-1 expression across neuropil layers result in changes in adhesive forces, which sort SYG-2-expressing neurons. Sorting to layers occurs, not via outgrowth from the neurite tip, but via an alternate mechanism of retrograde zippering, involving interactions between neurite shafts. Our study indicates that biophysical principles from differential adhesion govern neurite placement and synaptic specificity in vivo in developing neuropil bundles., National Institutes of Health (R24-OD01647) Zhirong Bao William Mohler Daniel A Colón-Ramos National Institutes of Health (R01NS076558) Daniel A Colón-Ramos National Institutes of Health (DP1NS111778) Daniel A Colón-Ramos Howard Hughes Medical Institute (Faculty Scholar Award) Daniel A Colón-Ramos Marine Biological Laboratory (Whitman and Fellows program) Hari Shroff Daniel A Colón-Ramos Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Moore Grant) Hari Shroff Daniel A Colón-Ramos Gruber Foundation (Gruber Science Fellowship) Titas Sengupta National Institutes of Health (Predoctoral Training Program in Genetics NIH 2020 T32 GM.) Noelle L Koonce National Institutes of Health (F32-NS098616) Mark W Moyle National Institutes of Health (NIBIB Intramural Research Program) Hari Shroff National Institutes of Health (P30CA008748) Zhirong Bao

Variants of UNC13A, a critical gene for synapse function, increase the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia1-3, two related neurodegenerative diseases defined by mislocalization of the RNA-binding protein TDP-434,5. Here we show that TDP-43 depletion induces robust inclusion of a cryptic exon in UNC13A, resulting in nonsense-mediated decay and loss of UNC13A protein. Two common intronic UNC13A polymorphisms strongly associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia risk overlap with TDP-43 binding sites. These polymorphisms potentiate cryptic exon inclusion, both in cultured cells and in brains and spinal cords from patients with these conditions. Our findings, which demonstrate a genetic link between loss of nuclear TDP-43 function and disease, reveal the mechanism by which UNC13A variants exacerbate the effects of decreased TDP-43 function. They further provide a promising therapeutic target for TDP-43 proteinopathies.

In this study, we analyse the professional role of a group of 28 travel agents in the Russian tourism market. By breaking down the role into basic activities and evaluating the exchanges with personal contacts regarding the performance of each of these activities, we show the centrality of these agents in the tourism supply chain, as well as their mediating role between suppliers and customers. Agents perform tasks in the management of the trip and assistance to the tourist, by participating in contexts of interaction in which processes of interdependence and coordination of activities are generated. The results also serve to illustrate the combination of qualitative analysis and personal network analysis in a context of formal and informal relationships that reveal the exchange that occurs among tourism service provision professionals.

Hasta el siglo XX Australia no existía como país propiamente dicho, era un conjunto de estados independientes y colonias. En 1901 se constituyó un referéndum en el cual participaron todos esos estados y decidieron formar una federación y escoger una bandera (sigue siendo la actual), Grado en Comercio

Se presenta un trabajo de investigación, el cual a través de una problemática de escasez del recurso hídrico en la población de la vereda Buena Vista en el municipio de Villavicencio, Meta, planteo una solución, realizando un estudio al comportamiento hidrológico y climático, que puede presentarse en un posible punto para la recolección de agua, la cual puede servir como suministro de agua potable para la población que presenta escasez.

High school is an institution where teens spend a large part of their time. Consequently, in this context, a dense network of relationships tends to be formed during the period of study at the institute. However, at the end of secondary school, this set of contextualized relationships begins to disintegrate. In this study, we analyze the transition from high school to university of a cohort of high school students. First, we interviewed all the students who were in their last year of high school at an institute in the province of Seville (n=69). A year and a half later, we interviewed them again when many of them were already studying at university (n=57). Using a hybrid research design, we collected personal network data from each interviewee in the context of a longitudinal whole network design of the entire cohort analyzed. The results show a decrease in the structural cohesion of the networks, both for personal networks and for the complete network. Furthermore, less cohesive personal networks seem more likely to experience short-term changes in ecological transition processes. In the discussion we refect on the impact of educational transitions on friendship relationships.

Hasta el siglo XX Australia no existía como país propiamente dicho, era un conjunto de estados independientes y colonias. En 1901 se constituyó un referéndum en el cual participaron todos esos estados y decidieron formar una federación y escoger una bandera (sigue siendo la actual), Grado en Comercio

In this study, we analyse the professional role of a group of 28 travel agents in the Russian tourism market. By breaking down the role into basic activities and evaluating the exchanges with personal contacts regarding the performance of each of these activities, we show the centrality of these agents in the tourism supply chain, as well as their mediating role between suppliers and customers. Agents perform tasks in the management of the trip and assistance to the tourist, by participating in contexts of interaction in which processes of interdependence and coordination of activities are generated. The results also serve to illustrate the combination of qualitative analysis and personal network analysis in a context of formal and informal relationships that reveal the exchange that occurs among tourism service provision professionals.

In this study, we analyse the professional role of a group of 28 travel agents in the Russian tourism market. By breaking down the role into basic activities and evaluating the exchanges with personal contacts regarding the performance of each of these activities, we show the centrality of these agents in the tourism supply chain, as well as their mediating role between suppliers and customers. Agents perform tasks in the management of the trip and assistance to the tourist, by participating in contexts of interaction in which processes of interdependence and coordination of activities are generated. The results also serve to illustrate the combination of qualitative analysis and personal network analysis in a context of formal and informal relationships that reveal the exchange that occurs among tourism service provision professionals.

La colaboración organizacional es un aspecto clave de la prestación de servicios desde el tercer sector. En este artículo analizamos las relaciones entre 21 organizaciones del tercer sector en Andalucía. Mediante el análisis de redes sociales, evaluamos la centralidad y la cohesión, la influencia y la mediación en diferentes estructuras de relación entre estas organizaciones. Los resultados muestran la existencia de dos espacios de relación: la prestación de servicios a colectivos específicos y la inclusión y la participación social. Algunas entidades aglutinan gran parte de la actividad de relación en la red, mediando entre los usuarios, el tercer sector y la Administración pública. Estas entidades estructuran las relaciones en conglomerados con una elevada cohesión, que facilitan el control de los recursos y la convergencia de objetivos entre organizaciones del mismo ámbito., Inter-organisational collaboration plays an important role in the provision of services by the third sector. In this article we analyse the relationships among 21 third sector organisations in Andalusia. Through social network analysis we evaluate centrality, cohesion, influence and brokerage in different relationship structures among these organizations. The results reveal the existence of two relational spheres: one consisting of third sector organisations that provide services to specific groups and the other of organisations that work on issues of social inclusion and participation. A limited number entities account for the majority of the relationship activities in the network, mediating between users, the third sector and public administration. These entities structure the relationships into clusters with high cohesion, facilitating control over resources and the convergence of objectives among organisations in the same sphere.

In this study, we analyse the professional role of a group of 28 travel agents in the Russian tourism market. By breaking down the role into basic activities and evaluating the exchanges with personal contacts regarding the performance of each of these activities, we show the centrality of these agents in the tourism supply chain, as well as their mediating role between suppliers and customers. Agents perform tasks in the management of the trip and assistance to the tourist, by participating in contexts of interaction in which processes of interdependence and coordination of activities are generated. The results also serve to illustrate the combination of qualitative analysis and personal network analysis in a context of formal and informal relationships that reveal the exchange that occurs among tourism service provision professionals.

High school is an institution where teens spend a large part of their time. Consequently, in this context, a dense network of relationships tends to be formed during the period of study at the institute. However, at the end of secondary school, this set of contextualized relationships begins to disintegrate. In this study, we analyze the transition from high school to university of a cohort of high school students. First, we interviewed all the students who were in their last year of high school at an institute in the province of Seville (n=69). A year and a half later, we interviewed them again when many of them were already studying at university (n=57). Using a hybrid research design, we collected personal network data from each interviewee in the context of a longitudinal whole network design of the entire cohort analyzed. The results show a decrease in the structural cohesion of the networks, both for personal networks and for the complete network. Furthermore, less cohesive personal networks seem more likely to experience short-term changes in ecological transition processes. In the discussion we refect on the impact of educational transitions on friendship relationships.

High school is an institution where teens spend a large part of their time. Consequently, in this context, a dense network of relationships tends to be formed during the period of study at the institute. However, at the end of secondary school, this set of contextualized relationships begins to disintegrate. In this study, we analyze the transition from high school to university of a cohort of high school students. First, we interviewed all the students who were in their last year of high school at an institute in the province of Seville (n=69). A year and a half later, we interviewed them again when many of them were already studying at university (n=57). Using a hybrid research design, we collected personal network data from each interviewee in the context of a longitudinal whole network design of the entire cohort analyzed. The results show a decrease in the structural cohesion of the networks, both for personal networks and for the complete network. Furthermore, less cohesive personal networks seem more likely to experience short-term changes in ecological transition processes. In the discussion we refect on the impact of educational transitions on friendship relationships.

We agree wholeheartedly with Biedermann (2022) FSI Synergy article 100222 in its criticism of research publications that treat forensic inference in source attribution as an “identification” or “individualization” task. We disagree, however, with its criticism of the use of machine learning for forensic inference. The argument it makes is a strawman argument. There is a growing body of literature on the calculation of well-calibrated likelihood ratios using machine-learning methods and relevant data, and on the validation under casework conditions of such machine-learning-based systems.

This paper reports on validations of an alpha version of the E3 Forensic Speech Science System (E3FS3) core software tools. This is an open-code human-supervised-automatic forensic-voice-comparison system based on x-vectors extracted using a type of Deep Neural Network (DNN) known as a Residual Network (ResNet). A benchmark validation was conducted using training and test data (forensic_eval_01) that have previously been used to assess the performance of multiple other forensic-voice-comparison systems. Performance equalled that of the best-performing system with previously published results for the forensic_eval_01 test set. The system was then validated using two different populations (male speakers of Australian English and female speakers of Australian English) under conditions reflecting those of a particular case to which it was to be applied. The conditions included three different sets of codecs applied to the questioned-speaker recordings (two mismatched with the set of codecs applied to the known-speaker recordings), and multiple different durations of questioned-speaker recordings. Validations were conducted and reported in accordance with the “Consensus on validation of forensic voice comparison”.

We agree wholeheartedly with Biedermann (2022) FSI Synergy article 100222 in its criticism of research publications that treat forensic inference in source attribution as an “identification” or “individualization” task. We disagree, however, with its criticism of the use of machine learning for forensic inference. The argument it makes is a strawman argument. There is a growing body of literature on the calculation of well-calibrated likelihood ratios using machine-learning methods and relevant data, and on the validation under casework conditions of such machine-learning-based systems.

This paper reports on validations of an alpha version of the E3 Forensic Speech Science System (E3FS3) core software tools. This is an open-code human-supervised-automatic forensic-voice-comparison system based on x-vectors extracted using a type of Deep Neural Network (DNN) known as a Residual Network (ResNet). A benchmark validation was conducted using training and test data (forensic_eval_01) that have previously been used to assess the performance of multiple other forensic-voice-comparison systems. Performance equalled that of the best-performing system with previously published results for the forensic_eval_01 test set. The system was then validated using two different populations (male speakers of Australian English and female speakers of Australian English) under conditions reflecting those of a particular case to which it was to be applied. The conditions included three different sets of codecs applied to the questioned-speaker recordings (two mismatched with the set of codecs applied to the known-speaker recordings), and multiple different durations of questioned-speaker recordings. Validations were conducted and reported in accordance with the “Consensus on validation of forensic voice comparison”.

As biometric technology is increasingly deployed, it will be common to replace parts of operational systems with newer designs. The cost and inconvenience of reacquiring enrolled users when a new vendor solution is incorporated makes this approach difficult and many applications will require to deal with information from different sources regularly. These interoperability problems can dramatically affect the performance of biometric systems and thus, they need to be overcome. Here, we describe and evaluate the ATVS-UAM fusion approach submitted to the quality-based evaluation of the 2007 BioSecure Multimodal Evaluation Campaign, whose aim was to compare fusion algorithms when biometric signals were generated using several biometric devices in mismatched conditions. Quality measures from the raw biometric data are available to allow system adjustment to changing quality conditions due to device changes. This system adjustment is referred to as quality-based conditional processing. The proposed fusion approach is based on linear logistic regression, in which fused scores tend to be log-likelihood-ratios. This allows the easy and efficient combination of matching scores from different devices assuming low dependence among modalities. In our system, quality information is used to switch between different system modules depending on the data source (the sensor in our case) and to reject channels with low quality data during the fusion. We compare our fusion approach to a set of rule-based fusion schemes over normalized scores. Results show that the proposed approach outperforms all the rule-based fusion schemes. We also show that with the quality-based channel rejection scheme, an overall improvement of 25% in the equal error rate is obtained., Comment: Published at IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans

In this paper, we study the post-hoc calibration of modern neural networks, a problem that has drawn a lot of attention in recent years. Many calibration methods of varying complexity have been proposed for the task, but there is no consensus about how expressive these should be. We focus on the task of confidence scaling, specifically on post-hoc methods that generalize Temperature Scaling, we call these the Adaptive Temperature Scaling family. We analyse expressive functions that improve calibration and propose interpretable methods. We show that when there is plenty of data complex models like neural networks yield better performance, but are prone to fail when the amount of data is limited, a common situation in certain post-hoc calibration applications like medical diagnosis. We study the functions that expressive methods learn under ideal conditions and design simpler methods but with a strong inductive bias towards these well-performing functions. Concretely, we propose Entropy-based Temperature Scaling, a simple method that scales the confidence of a prediction according to its entropy. Results show that our method obtains state-of-the-art performance when compared to others and, unlike complex models, it is robust against data scarcity. Moreover, our proposed model enables a deeper interpretation of the calibration process., Comment: 21 pages, journal article, 5 figures

Se presenta un trabajo de investigación, el cual a través de una problemática de escasez del recurso hídrico en la población de la vereda Buena Vista en el municipio de Villavicencio, Meta, planteo una solución, realizando un estudio al comportamiento hidrológico y climático, que puede presentarse en un posible punto para la recolección de agua, la cual puede servir como suministro de agua potable para la población que presenta escasez.

Como meta general de este trabajo investigativo, se pretende dar a conocer una definición amplia de los Derechos Humanos, la función de estos y referenciando la evolución histórica de los mismos. (Tomado de la fuente).

Como meta general de este trabajo investigativo, se pretende dar a conocer una definición amplia de los Derechos Humanos, la función de estos y referenciando la evolución histórica de los mismos. (Tomado de la fuente).