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Rapporten presenterar ny kunskap om hur staten, exploatörer och samebyar kan förbättra hanteringen av exploateringars kumulativa effekter på renskötseln och samisk markanvändning. Rapporten bygger på ett forskningsprojekt som genomförts i partnerskap mellan samiska organisationer knutna till renskötseln, och forskningsinstitutionerna. Sex delstudier ingår i rapporten. •Hänsynen till kumulativa effekter i gruvbolags miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar, •samiskt inflytande i samband med miljöbedömningar, •vindkraftens påverkan under driftsfas på renskötseln i kalvningsområde, •metodik för att beräkna störningszoner, •konsekvenserna för renskötseln av vattenkraftutbyggnaden i Porjus och Vojmån samt möjliga skadelindrande åtgärder, samt •hur myndigheter kan efterleva sina skyldigheter mot samebyar i samband med tillståndsprocesser för konkurrerande markanvändning. Forskningen har finansierats av Naturvårdsverkets miljöforskningsanslag till stöd för Naturvårdsverket och Havs- och vattenmyndighetens verksamhet.

Human induced land-use change through natural resource extraction has significant ecological, social and cultural effects for indigenous communities. Indigenous rights, cultural practices and identities are strongly interconnected with traditional lands. In northern Sweden, the cumulative effects from natural resource extraction have become increasingly problematic for Sámi reindeer herding. Land use planning and permit processes are organized based on single projects or policy sectors, instead of the needs and rights involving reindeer herding. Existing research has demonstrated loss of ground and arboreal lichen, fragmentation of pastures and reindeer avoidance of otherwise valuable pastures due to disturbance caused by competing land uses. There is however a lack of synthesis of the amount and scale of encroachments on traditional Sámi territories in Sweden so far. Likewise, while research has looked at weaknesses of the sectoral regulations in terms of cumulative impact assessment and the inadequate recognition of Sámi reindeer herding rights, no studies have analyzed the meta-pressure caused by the fragmented planning regime as a whole, as the amount of regulations regarding different land use sectors and permitting processes increases with each new type of competing activity. Through the concept of double pressure caused by the inter-related processes of fragmented landscapes and fragmented ‘planscapes’, this study seeks to capture the actual pressure the affected communities are currently experiencing. Using multiple quantitative and qualitative data sets consisting of Geographical Information Systems, policy documents, workshops discussions and interviews, we study how natural resource extraction like mining and wind energy has increased on traditional indigenous Sámi lands in northern Sweden. By expanding the analytical focus from today’s landscapes to both planscapes and the pressure from not-yet realized future projects, our results highlight the need for

In Sweden, extractive industries are placing increasing pressure on the traditional indigenous Sami livelihood of reindeer herding. Consequently, the intersection of indigenous rights and mining-related development in Sweden has become an increasingly contested socio-legal space. In this article, we analyse the extent to which there are meaningful opportunities for Sami reindeer herding communities in Sweden to effectively influence the permit procedures concerning proposed mines, in order to protect their rights and interests. We provide a comprehensive socio-legal analysis that highlights the weak level of recognition of Sami rights and related impact assessments within the mining permitting system in Sweden. We demonstrate the weakness is caused by several factors: an a priori assumption by Swedish authorities that reindeer herding and mining can generally coexist; the lack of a codified Swedish State duty to consult the Sami; the narrow scope and the weak status of cumulative impact assessments in Swedish EIA legislation and practice; and the weak recognition of Sami reindeer herding as a property right during the permit review process under the balancing of competing land uses. Our results highlight the urgent need for legislative reform in Sweden, if the State is to fulfil its international obligations and improve its legal consistency concerning the rights of the Sami as an indigenous people.

Today, access to minerals and the development of mines are both closely linked to combating climate change, enabling developments in transitions of energy and transportation systems. New mineral extraction projects are highly contested, and the mining sector has been struggling with both environmental and social governance, as well as the legitimacy of mineral exploration and mining activities. Collaborative governance aims to address these challenges by suggesting deeper, more interactive modes of engagement for planning and decision-making procedures. It calls for co-operative relations and deliberative approaches to environmental governance. This article comparatively explores relationships between collaborative governance and legislation on mining in Finland and Sweden. It argues that Finnish and Swedish mining-related laws and, in particular, land use planning and environmental impact assessment laws, have collaborative objectives and support the use of interactive and co-operative planning modes. However, corresponding legislation does not require broad consensus on critical decisions, and format and quality of collaborative processes can significantly differ case-by-case within the minimum legal requirements. This article identifies timing of statutory participation as a key factor for successful collaborative practices, and suggests changes to mining laws in this regard. It cautions that a unilateral focus on procedure means a risk of disregarding the close interplay between the procedural and substantive sides of regulatory frameworks – sides that are crucial for successful outcomes of collaborative processes., Validerad;2021;Nivå 1;2021-02-22 (alebob);Finansiär: Academy of Finland (313013+, 313304, 333368)

Today, access to minerals and the development of mines are both closely linked to combating climate change, enabling developments in transitions of energy and transportation systems. New mineral extraction projects are highly contested, and the mining sector has been struggling with both environmental and social governance, as well as the legitimacy of mineral exploration and mining activities. Collaborative governance aims to address these challenges by suggesting deeper, more interactive modes of engagement for planning and decision-making procedures. It calls for co-operative relations and deliberative approaches to environmental governance. This article comparatively explores relationships between collaborative governance and legislation on mining in Finland and Sweden. It argues that Finnish and Swedish mining-related laws and, in particular, land use planning and environmental impact assessment laws, have collaborative objectives and support the use of interactive and co-operative planning modes. However, corresponding legislation does not require broad consensus on critical decisions, and format and quality of collaborative processes can significantly differ case-by-case within the minimum legal requirements. This article identifies timing of statutory participation as a key factor for successful collaborative practices, and suggests changes to mining laws in this regard. It cautions that a unilateral focus on procedure means a risk of disregarding the close interplay between the procedural and substantive sides of regulatory frameworks – sides that are crucial for successful outcomes of collaborative processes., Validerad;2021;Nivå 1;2021-02-22 (alebob);Finansiär: Academy of Finland (313013+, 313304, 333368)

Rapporten presenterar ny kunskap om hur staten, exploatörer och samebyar kan förbättra hanteringen av exploateringars kumulativa effekter på renskötseln och samisk markanvändning. Rapporten bygger på ett forskningsprojekt som genomförts i partnerskap mellan samiska organisationer knutna till renskötseln, och forskningsinstitutionerna. Sex delstudier ingår i rapporten. •Hänsynen till kumulativa effekter i gruvbolags miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar, •samiskt inflytande i samband med miljöbedömningar, •vindkraftens påverkan under driftsfas på renskötseln i kalvningsområde, •metodik för att beräkna störningszoner, •konsekvenserna för renskötseln av vattenkraftutbyggnaden i Porjus och Vojmån samt möjliga skadelindrande åtgärder, samt •hur myndigheter kan efterleva sina skyldigheter mot samebyar i samband med tillståndsprocesser för konkurrerande markanvändning. Forskningen har finansierats av Naturvårdsverkets miljöforskningsanslag till stöd för Naturvårdsverket och Havs- och vattenmyndighetens verksamhet.

Rapporten redovisar resultaten från ett projekt som syftade till att utveckla kunskap och metodik för att beskriva och ta hänsyn till hur kumulativa effekter påverkar renskötseln. En rapport från kunskapsprogrammet Vindval. Projektområde: Däggdjur på land. Rapport från kunskapsprogrammet Vindval. - -

En av de största utmaningarna i dagens landskapsplanering rör de många och ofta konkurrerande anspråken på mark och naturresurser. Denna rapport redovisar resultaten från ett projekt som syftade till att utveckla kunskap och metodik för att beskriva och ta hänsyn till kumulativa effekter av exploateringar på den samiska renskötseln. Projektet sökte svar på följande frågor: 1. Kartläggning av kumulativa effekter a. Hur stora arealer upptar de kumulativa effekterna av exploateringar på renskötseln? b. Vilka metoder kan utvecklas för att dokumentera och kommunicera omfattning och effekter av olika former av exploateringar på renskötseln i ett landskap? 2. Beaktandet av kumulativa effekter i tillståndsprocesser a. Vilka möjligheter och svårigheter har svenska myndigheter inom dagens regelverk och myndighetspraxis att beakta kumulativa effekter och hantera konflikter mellan olika anspråk? b. Vilka ansatser kan utvecklas för att förbättra hänsynen till kumulativa effekter i tillståndsprövning? Metod Kartläggningen av kumulativa effekter gjordes för Vilhelmina norra sameby genom att beräkna det totala störningsområdet utifrån information om historiska, befintliga och potentiella framtida exploateringar samt forskning kring störningszoner. Vi har använt kartlagd information för all infrastruktur och mänsklig aktivitet, och applicerat störningszoner för respektive störningskälla för att beräkna hur stor yta som berörs av de olika störningskällorna. Detta är första gången en metod presenteras för att uppskatta det totala störningsområdet som mått för de kumulativa effekterna av exploateringar på renskötseln. Studien av hänsyn till kumulativa effekter i tillståndsprocesserna gjordes i en deltagande policyanalys med bidrag från tjänstemän på de berörda tillståndsmyndigheterna som fick belysa hur de ser på regelverket och sin praxis och hur dessa kan förbättras. Detta är också första gången i Sverige som berörda tjänstemän från olika myndigheter tillsammans medverkat vid analys

Statens hantering av forskningsresultat i rättsprocessen med Girjas sameby utgör ett hot mot Sverige som rättsstat och kunskapsnation. Åratal av svensk och internationell forskning underkänns och man använder ett språkbruk som skulle kunna vara hämtat från rasbiologins tid. Nu måste staten ta sitt ansvar och börja agera som en demokratisk rättsstat, skriver 59 forskare.

Ideas on what is best practice to provide more people in rapidly growing low- and middle-income cities with adequate water supplying services have changed during the 20th century. By applying a frame-theoretical approach, this article analyzes institutional choice in Ghana’s urban water sector. Special attention is paid to two major events: first, the establishment of the state water utility, Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation, in 1965, and, second, the reform process in the 1990s and early 2000s that aimed at private sector participation in urban water management. By unraveling the arguments and the taken-for-granted assumptions underlying the two reforms, the article shows how the perceived space for policy alternatives available to decision makers at a certain point in time has been largely constrained by the dominant frames in a particular historical context. This conclusion is supportive of the argument that rationality is a highly contextual and time-dependent concept.

Ideas on what is best practice to provide more people in rapidly growing low- and middle-income cities with adequate water supplying services have changed during the 20th century. By applying a frame-theoretical approach, this article analyzes institutional choice in Ghana’s urban water sector. Special attention is paid to two major events: first, the establishment of the state water utility, Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation, in 1965, and, second, the reform process in the 1990s and early 2000s that aimed at private sector participation in urban water management. By unraveling the arguments and the taken-for-granted assumptions underlying the two reforms, the article shows how the perceived space for policy alternatives available to decision makers at a certain point in time has been largely constrained by the dominant frames in a particular historical context. This conclusion is supportive of the argument that rationality is a highly contextual and time-dependent concept.

Ideas on what is best practice to provide more people in rapidly growing low- and middle-income cities with adequate water supplying services have changed during the 20th century. By applying a frame-theoretical approach, this article analyzes institutional choice in Ghana’s urban water sector. Special attention is paid to two major events: first, the establishment of the state water utility, Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation, in 1965, and, second, the reform process in the 1990s and early 2000s that aimed at private sector participation in urban water management. By unraveling the arguments and the taken-for-granted assumptions underlying the two reforms, the article shows how the perceived space for policy alternatives available to decision makers at a certain point in time has been largely constrained by the dominant frames in a particular historical context. This conclusion is supportive of the argument that rationality is a highly contextual and time-dependent concept.

Ideas on what is best practice to provide more people in rapidly growing low- and middle-income cities with adequate water supplying services have changed during the 20th century. By applying a frame-theoretical approach, this article analyzes institutional choice in Ghana’s urban water sector. Special attention is paid to two major events: first, the establishment of the state water utility, Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation, in 1965, and, second, the reform process in the 1990s and early 2000s that aimed at private sector participation in urban water management. By unraveling the arguments and the taken-for-granted assumptions underlying the two reforms, the article shows how the perceived space for policy alternatives available to decision makers at a certain point in time has been largely constrained by the dominant frames in a particular historical context. This conclusion is supportive of the argument that rationality is a highly contextual and time-dependent concept.

Ideas on what is best practice to provide more people in rapidly growing low- and middle-income cities with adequate water supplying services have changed during the 20th century. By applying a frame-theoretical approach, this article analyzes institutional choice in Ghana’s urban water sector. Special attention is paid to two major events: first, the establishment of the state water utility, Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation, in 1965, and, second, the reform process in the 1990s and early 2000s that aimed at private sector participation in urban water management. By unraveling the arguments and the taken-for-granted assumptions underlying the two reforms, the article shows how the perceived space for policy alternatives available to decision makers at a certain point in time has been largely constrained by the dominant frames in a particular historical context. This conclusion is supportive of the argument that rationality is a highly contextual and time-dependent concept.