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191 results on '"Rahimzadeh A"'

1. Gene networks and systems biology in Alzheimer's disease: Insights from multi‐omics approaches

Author: Rahimzadeh, Negin, Rahimzadeh, Negin, Srinivasan, Shushrruth Sai, Zhang, Jing, Swarup, Vivek, Rahimzadeh, Negin, Rahimzadeh, Negin, Srinivasan, Shushrruth Sai, Zhang, Jing, and Swarup, Vivek
Abstract: Despite numerous studies in the field of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), a comprehensive understanding of this devastating disease remains elusive. Bulk transcriptomics have provided insights into the underlying genetic factors at a high level. Subsequent technological advancements have focused on single-cell omics, encompassing techniques such as single-cell RNA sequencing and epigenomics, enabling the capture of RNA transcripts and chromatin states at a single cell or nucleus resolution. Furthermore, the emergence of spatial omics has allowed the study of gene responses in the vicinity of amyloid beta plaques or across various brain regions. With the vast amount of data generated, utilizing gene regulatory networks to comprehensively study this disease has become essential. This review delves into some techniques employed in the field of AD, explores the discoveries made using these techniques, and provides insights into the future of the field.
Published: 2024

2. Numerical models for simulating reactive flow of HCl and CO2-rich water in cm-scale limestone samples [Dataset]

Author: Vafaie, Atefeh [0000-0003-0104-5377], Soler, Josep M. [0000-0003-0741-249X], Cama, Jordi [0000-0002-8949-3088], Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh [0000-0002-7150-0411], Vilarrasa, Víctor [0000-0003-1169-4469], Vafaie, Atefeh, Soler, Josep M., Cama, Jordi, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Vafaie, Atefeh [0000-0003-0104-5377], Soler, Josep M. [0000-0003-0741-249X], Cama, Jordi [0000-0002-8949-3088], Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh [0000-0002-7150-0411], Vilarrasa, Víctor [0000-0003-1169-4469], Vafaie, Atefeh, Soler, Josep M., Cama, Jordi, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, and Vilarrasa, Víctor
Abstract: This dataset is composed of the files required for simulating laboratory-scale injection of CO2-saturated water and HCl solution into cm-scale limestone samples. Six files required for simulating the CO2 injection experiment are included in the folder named CO2. The names of these files are as follows: “CO2-input”: input file read by the Crunchflow code and providing the necessary physical and chemical parameters needed for the simulation -these parameters mainly include time intervals, discretization, initial and boundary conditions, geochemical conditions-; “database”: geochemical database for running the simulation; “64bit-libiomp5md”: A dynamic link library (DLL) required to run the Crunchflow code; “Perm.in.x”: permeability file in X direction for all grids; “Perm.in.y”: permeability file in Y direction for all grids; “Perm.in.z”: permeability file in Z direction for all grids. The same files for simulating the HCl injection experiment are included in the folder named HCl. This folder includes two input files “HCl-input-1” and “HCl-input-2” (instead of one) required for simulating the two stages of HCl solution injection into the limestone sample. To run the simulations, one needs to execute the Crunchflow executable file and enter the name of the input file, i.e., either “CO2-input” or “HCl-input-1” with the suffix “.in” in the command window and press enter. Note that in the HCl injection case, you only need to run the “HCl-input-1” file. The second input file will be read at the proper time by the keyword “later_inputfiles HCl-input-2.in” defined in the “HCl-input-1”.
Published: 2024

3. Dataset for 3D numerical simulations of fractured specimen

Author: European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Sciandra, Dario [0000-0001-5988-8903], Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh [0000-0002-7150-0411], Vilarrasa, Víctor [0000-0003-1169-4469], Sciandra, Dario [dario.sciandra@csic.es], Sciandra, Dario, Kim, Hyunbin, Makhnenko, Roman Y., Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Vilarrasa, Víctor, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Sciandra, Dario [0000-0001-5988-8903], Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh [0000-0002-7150-0411], Vilarrasa, Víctor [0000-0003-1169-4469], Sciandra, Dario [dario.sciandra@csic.es], Sciandra, Dario, Kim, Hyunbin, Makhnenko, Roman Y., Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, and Vilarrasa, Víctor
Abstract: This dataset encompasses the input files associated with diverse numerical models investigating the hydro-mechanical behavior of a fractured specimen under different mean effective stresses. The folder contains simulations for Hydro-Mechanical ("HM_") problems. The simulations are conducted for different mean effective stresses ("P03"; "P05"; "P10"; "P15"; and "P20"). Within each subfolder, files with the suffix "_gen.dat" provide input data for the model, encompassing material properties, initial and boundary conditions, and time intervals. Correspondingly, files concluding with "_gri.dat" contain information on the mesh employed. To execute a model, launching the executable "Cb_v9_1_3par4.exe" within each ".gid" folder is sufficient.
Published: 2024

4. Managing Type 2 Diabetes through Diet and Exercise: Effects on Sleep and Sexual Health in Men from Mazar-e-Sharif, Afghanistan (1398-1399)

Author: Hekmati, Abdul Hakim, Rahimzadeh, Abdullah Darman, Hekmati, Abdul Hakim, and Rahimzadeh, Abdullah Darman
Abstract: The control of type 2 diabetes by diet, exercise and its positive effects on sleep and sexual performance of men in the conditions of Afghanistan in the city of Mazar-e-Sharif between the years 1398-1399 among 200 referring patients in private home examination and Balkh hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of the Balkh University of Afghanistan.
Published: 2024

5. Ultrasound‐Induced Adsorption of Acousto‐Responsive Microgels at Water–Oil Interface

Author: Stock, Sebastian, Mirau, Luca, Rutsch, Matthias, Wismath, Sonja, Kupnik, Mario, Klitzing, Regine von, Rahimzadeh, Amin, Stock, Sebastian, Mirau, Luca, Rutsch, Matthias, Wismath, Sonja, Kupnik, Mario, Klitzing, Regine von, and Rahimzadeh, Amin
Abstract: Ultrasonic mixing is a well‐established method to disperse and mix substances. However, the effects of ultrasound on dispersed soft particles as well as on their adsorption kinetics at interfaces remain unexplored. Ultrasound not only accelerates the movement of particles via acoustic streaming, but recent research indicates that it can also manipulate the interaction of soft particles with the surrounding liquid. In this study, it evaluates the adsorption kinetics of microgel at the water‐oil interface under the influence of ultrasound. It quantifies how acoustic streaming accelerates the reduction of interfacial tension. It uses high‐frequency and low‐amplitude ultrasound, which has no destructive effects. Furthermore, it discusses the ultrasound‐induced shrinking and thus interfacial rearrangement of the microgels, which plays a secondary but non‐negligible role on interfacial tension reduction. It shows that the decrease in interfacial tension due to the acoustic streaming is stronger for microgels with higher cross‐linker density. Moreover, it shows that ultrasound can induce a reversible decrease in interfacial tension due to the shrinkage of microgels at the interface. The presented results may lead to a better understanding in any field where ultrasonic waves meet soft particles, e.g., controlled destabilization in foams and emulsions or systems for drug release.
Published: 2024

6. Multiscale subsurface characterization for geo-energy applications

Author: Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers de Camins, Canals i Ports de Barcelona, Vilarrasa Riaño, Víctor, Rahimzadeh Kivi, Iman, Olivella Pastallé, Sebastià, Sciandra, Dario, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyers de Camins, Canals i Ports de Barcelona, Vilarrasa Riaño, Víctor, Rahimzadeh Kivi, Iman, Olivella Pastallé, Sebastià, and Sciandra, Dario
Abstract: (English) Geological Carbon Storage (GCS) holds immense promise for mitigating atmospheric CO2 emissions, making the sealing capacity of caprocks pivotal as storage scales up. Despite excellent sealing capacities observed in intact rock samples in laboratory experiments, the presence of discontinuities like bedding planes, fractures, and faults in field-scale applications poses monitoring challenges. This thesis aims to develop a methodology for characterizing potential low-carbon geo-energy sites across various spatiotemporal scales, spanning from millimeters and nanoseconds to kilometers and decades. To achieve this, the thesis employs a multi-scale approach, starting with large-scale investigations and progressing to in-situ underground rock laboratories and laboratory investigations. The initial phase explores four analytical solutions of pore pressure diffusion with periodic sources to enable real-time interpretation of in-situ data. Comparisons with numerical solutions, incorporating reservoir deformation due to pressure waves, reveal consistent results when identical assumptions are maintained. Despite distinct wave propagation patterns depending on the application (energy storage, liquid injection into shale, and enhanced geothermal systems stimulation), errors remain below 3% for effective mean stress variations across all cases. This approach allows for rapid reactions to unexpected events, crucial in real-time decision-making. The subsequent phase involves plane-strain coupled hydro-mechanical simulations of periodic CO2 injection for 20 years, simulating the CO2LPIE experiment at Mont Terri Underground Rock Laboratory. Results highlight the anisotropic behavior of the material, influencing pore pressure changes and stress variations along bedding planes. Capillary effects in nanoscale pores prevent CO2 penetration into Opalinus Clay, causing it to dissolve into the resident brine. Pore pressure oscillations imposed at the injection well attenuate within, (Català) L'emmagatzematge geològic de carboni (AGC) és molt prometedor per a mitigar les emissions atmosfèriques de CO₂, per la qual cosa la capacitat de segellament de les roques mare és fonamental a mesura que s'amplia l'emmagatzematge. Malgrat les excel·lents capacitats de segellament observades en mostres de roca intacta en experiments de laboratori, la presència de discontinuïtats com a plans d'estratificació, fractures i falles en aplicacions a escala de camp planteja reptes de monitoratge. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és desenvolupar una metodologia per a caracteritzar possibles emplaçaments geoenergéticos amb baixes emissions de carboni en diverses escales espaciotemporals, des de mil·límetres i nanosegons fins a quilòmetres i dècades. La tesi empra un enfocament multiescala, començant amb recerques a gran escala i avançant cap a laboratoris de roques subterrànies in situ i recerques de laboratori. La fase inicial explora quatre solucions analítiques de la difusió de la pressió de porus amb fonts periòdiques per a permetre la interpretació en temps real de les dades in situ. Les comparacions amb les solucions numèriques, que incorporen la deformació del jaciment deguda a les ones de pressió, revelen resultats coherents quan es mantenen supòsits idèntics. Malgrat els diferents patrons de propagació de les ones en funció de l'aplicació (emmagatzematge d'energia, injecció de líquids en esquistos i estimulació de sistemes geotèrmics millorats), els errors es mantenen per sota del 3% per a les variacions de la tensió mitjana efectiva en tots els casos. Aquest enfocament permet reaccionar amb rapidesa davant imprevistos, la qual cosa és crucial per a la presa de decisions en temps real. La fase següent consisteix en simulacions hidromecànices acoblades per deformació plana de la injecció periòdica de CO₂ durant 20 anys, simulant l'experiment CO2LPIE en el Laboratori Subterrani de Roques de Mont Terri. Els resultats posen en relleu el comportament anisótropo del mater, (Español) El almacenamiento geológico de carbono (AGC) es muy prometedor para mitigar las emisiones atmosféricas de CO2, por lo que la capacidad de sellado de las rocas madre es fundamental a medida que se amplía el almacenamiento. A pesar de las excelentes capacidades de sellado observadas en muestras de roca intacta en experimentos de laboratorio, la presencia de discontinuidades como planos de estratificación, fracturas y fallas en aplicaciones a escala de campo plantea retos de monitorización. El objetivo de esta tesis es desarrollar una metodología para caracterizar posibles emplazamientos geoenergéticos con bajas emisiones de carbono en varias escalas espaciotemporales, desde milímetros y nanosegundos hasta kilómetros y décadas. La tesis emplea un enfoque multiescala, comenzando con investigaciones a gran escala y avanzando hacia laboratorios de rocas subterráneas in situ e investigaciones de laboratorio. La fase inicial explora cuatro soluciones analíticas de la difusión de la presión de poros con fuentes periódicas para permitir la interpretación en tiempo real de los datos in situ. Las comparaciones con las soluciones numéricas, que incorporan la deformación del yacimiento debida a las ondas de presión, revelan resultados coherentes cuando se mantienen supuestos idénticos. A pesar de los distintos patrones de propagación de las ondas en función de la aplicación (almacenamiento de energía, inyección de líquidos en esquistos y estimulación de sistemas geotérmicos mejorados), los errores se mantienen por debajo del 3% para las variaciones de la tensión media efectiva en todos los casos. Este enfoque permite reaccionar con rapidez ante imprevistos, lo que es crucial para la toma de decisiones en tiempo real. La fase siguiente consiste en simulaciones hidromecánicas acopladas por deformación plana de la inyección periódica de CO2 durante 20 años, simulando el experimento CO2LPIE en el Laboratorio Subterráneo de Rocas de Mont Terri. Los resultados ponen de reliev, Postprint (published version)
Published: 2024

7. A Symphony of Noise in Nonlinear Optical Resonators

Author: Mosk, A.P., Rahimzadeh-Kalaleh Rodriguez, S., Peters, Kevin Jean Hubertus, Mosk, A.P., Rahimzadeh-Kalaleh Rodriguez, S., and Peters, Kevin Jean Hubertus
Published: 2024

8. Multiscale subsurface characterization for geo-energy applications

Author: Vilarrasa, Víctor, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, European Commission, Sciandra, Dario [0000-0001-5988-8903], Sciandra, Dario, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, European Commission, Sciandra, Dario [0000-0001-5988-8903], and Sciandra, Dario
Abstract: Geological Carbon Storage (GCS) is considered a promising technology to lower atmospheric emissions of CO2. Guaranteeing the sealing capacity of caprocks in this case becomes paramount as CO2 storage scales up to the gigaton scale. Many laboratory experiments have been performed with samples of intact rock, showing that low-permeability and high-entry pressure caprocks have excellent sealing capacities to contain CO2 deep underground. However, discontinuities, such as bedding planes, fractures, and faults, affect the rock properties at the field scale, being at the same time challenging to monitor in industrial-scale applications. The main objective of the thesis is to develop a methodology to characterize potential sites for low-carbon geo-energy applications at multiple scales in space and time, taking into account coupled processes. To achieve this objective, it is necessary to understand the complexity of the problem at multiple scales, starting from large-scale investigations, passing through in-situ underground rock laboratories, to laboratory investigations. This is why this thesis approaches characterizations that span a wide range of spatiotemporal scales from the order of millimeters and nanoseconds to the order of kilometers and decades. To achieve this general objective, the first part of the thesis explores four analytical solutions of pore pressure diffusion with periodic sources under relevant model geometries and boundary conditions to enable real-time interpretation of in-situ data. We compare the results with numerical solutions, assuming the same conditions as the analytical cases and incorporating reservoir deformation due to pressure waves. Encompassing three different cases to span a wide array of scenarios, we evaluate the attenuation of the signal at varying distances from the source. Numerical and analytical solutions fit when identical assumptions are upheld. Furthermore, the influence of effective mean stress variations yields errors of le
Published: 2024

9. On the role of poroelastic stressing and pore pressure diffusion in discrete fracture and fault system in triggering post-injection seismicity in enhanced geothermal systems

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), UK Research and Innovation, European Research Council, National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (South Korea), Korea Institute of Energy Technology, Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (South Korea), Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Kim, Kwang Il, Yoo, Hwajung, Min, Ki-Bok, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), UK Research and Innovation, European Research Council, National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (South Korea), Korea Institute of Energy Technology, Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (South Korea), Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Kim, Kwang Il, Yoo, Hwajung, and Min, Ki-Bok
Abstract: Injection-induced seismicity has become one of the most critical challenges for the widespread deployment of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). In particular, some EGS development projects have led to large, damaging earthquakes that unexpectedly occurred far off the stimulated reservoir region and, in particular, after stopping fluid injection. Yet, the causative mechanisms of these seismicity patterns remain highly elusive. Here, we identify a combination of mechanisms that could explain delayed seismicity in EGS sites by conducting fully-coupled hydromechanical simulations of the hydraulic stimulation of a naturally-fractured granitic reservoir. The model comprises a sparse network of long, variably-oriented fractures interacting with a nearby, critically-oriented fault. The results show that the presence of fractures introduces notable nonlinearities in the flow field and rock deformation and significantly expands the rock volume affected by fluid injection. First, the stimulated fracture network provides highly-permeable conduits for communicating elevated pore pressure over long distances. Second, the anisotropic expansion of fractures generates shear stress that is transmitted almost instantaneously across the reservoir. The pore pressure and stress perturbations can not only cause slip along fractures, inducing (micro)seismicity during injection, but also affect the stability of nearby faults, which may not necessarily be pressurized during injection. The transferred poroelastic stresses can increase or decrease the slip tendency along different fault segments. However, the fault may reactivate only after several months following injection when a progressive pore pressure diffusion modulated by the transient fault permeability evolution brings a critically-stressed fault segment to failure conditions. We also find that the spatiotemporal evolution of seismicity depends largely on the nearby fault orientation, hydromechanical properties, and hydraulic connect
Published: 2024

10. Dataset for analytical and numerical solutions of cyclic pore pressure diffusion equation

Author: European Research Council, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Sciandra, Dario [0000-0001-5988-8903], Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh [0000-0002-7150-0411], Vilarrasa, Víctor [0000-0003-1169-4469], Sciandra, Dario [dario.sciandra@csic.es], Vilarrasa, Víctor [victor.vilarrasa@csic.es], Sciandra, Dario, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Makhnenko, Roman Y., Rebscher, Dorothee, Vilarrasa, Víctor, European Research Council, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Sciandra, Dario [0000-0001-5988-8903], Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh [0000-0002-7150-0411], Vilarrasa, Víctor [0000-0003-1169-4469], Sciandra, Dario [dario.sciandra@csic.es], Vilarrasa, Víctor [victor.vilarrasa@csic.es], Sciandra, Dario, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Makhnenko, Roman Y., Rebscher, Dorothee, and Vilarrasa, Víctor
Abstract: This dataset encompasses the input files associated with diverse analytical and numerical models investigating cyclic pressure diffusion within uniform poroelastic materials. The dataset is organized into two primary folders. The "Analytical Solutions" folder comprises three Python libraries containing the material properties and functions for calculating pressure amplitude at various distances. The "Numerical Solutions" folder contains simulations for both Hydraulic ("01_") and Hydro-Mechanical ("HM_") problems. The simulations are conducted for representative values corresponding to Berea sandstone ("BS_"), Opalinus Clay ("OPA_"), and Westerly granite ("WG_"), considering both monodimensional ("1D") and axisymmetric ("Ax") cases. Within each subfolder, files with the suffix "_gen.dat" provide input data for the model, encompassing material properties, initial and boundary conditions, and time intervals. Correspondingly, files concluding with "_gri.dat" contain information of the mesh employed. The "_bfc.dat" file documents the periodic injection pressure applied for each simulation, while the "root.dat" file specifies the model's nomenclature. To execute a model, launching the executable "Cb_v9_1_3par4.exe" within each ".gid" folder is sufficient.
Published: 2023

11. Benefits of sharing neurophysiology data from the BRAIN Initiative Research Opportunities in Humans Consortium.

Author: Rahimzadeh, Vasiliki, Rahimzadeh, Vasiliki, Jones, Kathryn, Majumder, Mary, Kahana, Michael, Rutishauser, Ueli, Williams, Ziv, Cash, Sydney, Paulk, Angelique, Zheng, Jie, Beauchamp, Michael, Collinger, Jennifer, Pouratian, Nader, McGuire, Amy, Sheth, Sameer, Rahimzadeh, Vasiliki, Rahimzadeh, Vasiliki, Jones, Kathryn, Majumder, Mary, Kahana, Michael, Rutishauser, Ueli, Williams, Ziv, Cash, Sydney, Paulk, Angelique, Zheng, Jie, Beauchamp, Michael, Collinger, Jennifer, Pouratian, Nader, McGuire, Amy, and Sheth, Sameer
Abstract: Sharing human brain data can yield scientific benefits, but because of various disincentives, only a fraction of these data is currently shared. We profile three successful data-sharing experiences from the NIH BRAIN Initiative Research Opportunities in Humans (ROH) Consortium and demonstrate benefits to data producers and to users.
Published: 2023

12. The road to all programmable optical networks

Author: Rofoee, Bijan Rahimzadeh
Subjects: 621.382
Abstract: In the era of everything on the cloud, intern et of things and big data, the dramatic traffic growth and the evolution of today's telecommunications services are affecting the overall optical network infrastructure and usage, Whilst Wavelength Division Multiplexing systems struggle to cope with bandwidth requirements, Flexi-Grid and Space Division Multiplexing technologies emerge and promise to deliver the required capacity gain, Software defined networking on the other hand has been introduced to facilitate management and control of the network resources, All these efforts take place when the static nature of network installation and operation affects network cost and energy consumption and limits network flexibility and scalability, This is whilst building a network featuring ultra-low latency, power efficiency, flexibility, and enormous capacity has become a necessity, This thesis will explain how a number of programmable optical networking testbeds for advanced sub/super lambda optical transports were designed and developed, which were additionally enhanced with innovative controller platforms, These demonstrator networks and testbeds introduce a range of technologies and approaches to incorporate and inject programmability into optical networking infrastructure, Forwarding programmability, network hardware programmability exploiting FPGAs, and infrastructure programmability using reconfigurable optical backplane, are the main enabling technologies, which come together in various architectures and under different control planes (GMPLS, SDN) to demonstrate the benefits of added flexibility and programmability for advanced optical communications. The experiments and efforts reported in this thesis include software/hardware development, optoelectronics, network designs, and simulation studies, which are categorised and introduced subsequently and in various chapters as the work evolves towards the All Programmable Optical Network.
Published: 2014

13. Linear and non-linear viscoelastic behaviour of binders and asphalts

Author: Rahimzadeh, Behzad
Subjects: 553, Bitumen
Published: 2002

14. Cooling-induced reactivation of distant faults during long-term geothermal energy production in hot sedimentary aquifers.

Author: Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Pujades, Estanislao, Rutqvist, Jonny, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Pujades, Estanislao, Rutqvist, Jonny, and Vilarrasa, Víctor
Abstract: Deep geothermal energy (DGE) represents an opportunity for a sustainable and carbon-free energy supply. One of the main concerns of DGE is induced seismicity that may produce damaging earthquakes, challenging its widespread exploitation. It is widely believed that the seismicity risk can be controlled by using doublet systems circulating water to minimize the injection-induced pressure changes. However, cold water reinjection may also give rise to thermal stresses within and beyond the cooled region, whose potential impacts on fault reactivation are less well understood. Here, we investigate by coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling the processes that may lead to fault reactivation in a hot sedimentary aquifer (HSA) in which water is circulated through a doublet. We show that thermal stresses are transmitted much ahead of the cooled region and are likely to destabilize faults located far away from the doublet. Meanwhile, the fault permeability mainly controls the fault reactivation timing, which entails the importance of employing appropriate characterization methods. This investigation is crucial for understanding the mechanisms controlling induced seismicity associated with DGE in a HSA and allows the success of future DGE projects.
Published: 2022

15. Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived with Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups from 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Kocarnik, J, Compton, K, Dean, F, Fu, W, Gaw, B, Harvey, J, Henrikson, H, Lu, D, Pennini, A, Xu, R, Ababneh, E, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdoli, A, Abedi, A, Abidi, H, Abolhassani, H, Adedeji, I, Adnani, Q, Advani, S, Afzal, M, Aghaali, M, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed Rashid, T, Ahmed Salih, Y, Akalu, G, Aklilu, A, Akram, T, Akunna, C, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Ali, S, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Alkhayyat, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Al-Maweri, S, Almustanyir, S, Alonso, N, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amu, H, Anbesu, E, Ancuceanu, R, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antwi, M, Anvari, D, Anyasodor, A, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aremu, O, Ariffin, H, Aripov, T, Arshad, M, Artaman, A, Arulappan, J, Asemi, Z, Asghari Jafarabadi, M, Ashraf, T, Atorkey, P, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Awedew, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayenew, T, Azab, M, Azadnajafabad, S, Azari Jafari, A, Azarian, G, Azzam, A, Badiye, A, Bahadory, S, Baig, A, Baker, J, Balakrishnan, S, Banach, M, Barnighausen, T, Barone-Adesi, F, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Behzadifar, M, Belgaumi, U, Bezabhe, W, Bezabih, Y, Bhagat, D, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, V, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bisignano, C, Bjorge, T, Bleyer, A, Blyuss, O, Bolarinwa, O, Bolla, S, Braithwaite, D, Brar, A, Brenner, H, Bustamante-Teixeira, M, Butt, N, Butt, Z, Caetano Dos Santos, F, Cao, Y, Carreras, G, Catala-Lopez, F, Cembranel, F, Cerin, E, Cernigliaro, A, Chakinala, R, Chattu, S, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, P, Chimed-Ochir, O, Cho, D, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Chung, M, Conde, J, Cortes, S, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Cunha, A, Dadras, O, Dagnew, A, Dahlawi, S, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Darwesh, A, Das Neves, J, De La Hoz, F, Demis, A, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, M, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Doaei, S, Dorostkar, F, Dos Santos Figueiredo, F, Driscoll, T, Ebrahimi, H, Eftekharzadeh, S, El Tantawi, M, El-Abid, H, Elbarazi, I, Elhabashy, H, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, S, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Etemadi, A, Ezzikouri, S, Faisaluddin, M, Faraon, E, Fares, J, Farzadfar, F, Feroze, A, Ferrero, S, Ferro Desideri, L, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, J, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gaal, P, Gad, M, Gadanya, M, Gallus, S, Gaspar Fonseca, M, Getachew Obsa, A, Ghafourifard, M, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Gholamalizadeh, M, Gilani, S, Ginindza, T, Gizaw, A, Glasbey, J, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Gomez, R, Gopalani, S, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Grosso, G, Gubari, M, Guerra, M, Guha, A, Gunasekera, D, Gupta, B, Gupta, V, Gutierrez, R, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, M, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halwani, R, Hamadeh, R, Hameed, S, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Haque, S, Harlianto, N, Haro, J, Hasaballah, A, Hassanipour, S, Hay, R, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Herrera-Serna, B, Herteliu, C, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hossain, M, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsairi, M, Huang, J, Hugo, F, Hussain, R, Hussein, N, Hwang, B, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ida, F, Ikuta, K, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irham, L, Islam, J, Islam, R, Islam, S, Ismail, N, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Jacob, L, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Javaheri, T, Jayaram, S, Jazayeri, S, Jha, R, Jonas, J, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kahrizi, D, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kaliyadan, F, Kalkonde, Y, Kamath, A, Kameran Al-Salihi, N, Kandel, H, Kapoor, N, Karch, A, Kasa, A, Katikireddi, S, Kauppila, J, Kavetskyy, T, Kebede, S, Keshavarz, P, Keykhaei, M, Khader, Y, Khalilov, R, Khan, G, Khan, M, Khang, Y, Khater, A, Khayamzadeh, M, Kim, G, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kopec, J, Koteeswaran, R, Koul, P, Koulmane Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kugbey, N, Kumar, G, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kutluk, T, La Vecchia, C, Lami, F, Landires, I, Lauriola, P, Lee, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Leigh, J, Leong, E, Li, J, Li, M, Liu, X, Loureiro, J, Lunevicius, R, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Male, S, Malik, A, Mansournia, M, Martini, S, Masoumi, S, Mathur, P, Mckee, M, Mehrotra, R, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Mesregah, M, Mestrovic, T, Miao Jonasson, J, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Miller, T, Mirzaei, H, Misra, S, Mithra, P, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammad, K, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Moka, N, Mokdad, A, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moni, M, Moosavi, M, Moradi, Y, Moraga, P, Morgado-Da-Costa, J, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Mubarik, S, Mwanri, L, Nagarajan, A, Nagaraju, S, Nagata, C, Naimzada, M, Nangia, V, Naqvi, A, Narasimha Swamy, S, Ndejjo, R, Nduaguba, S, Negoi, I, Negru, S, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Niazi, R, Nnaji, C, Noor, N, Nunez-Samudio, V, Nzoputam, C, Oancea, B, Ochir, C, Odukoya, O, Ogbo, F, Olagunju, A, Olakunde, B, Omar, E, Omar Bali, A, Omonisi, A, Ong, S, Onwujekwe, O, Orru, H, Ortega-Altamirano, D, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakshir, K, Pana, A, Panagiotakos, D, Panda-Jonas, S, Pardhan, S, Park, E, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Patel, H, Patel, J, Pati, S, Pattanshetty, S, Paudel, U, Pereira, D, Pereira, R, Perianayagam, A, Pillay, J, Pirouzpanah, S, Pishgar, F, Podder, I, Postma, M, Pourjafar, H, Prashant, A, Preotescu, L, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Radhakrishnan, R, Radhakrishnan, V, Rafiee, A, Rahim, F, Rahimzadeh, S, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rajai, N, Rajesh, A, Rakovac, I, Ram, P, Ramezanzadeh, K, Ranabhat, K, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Razeghinia, M, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Roberts, T, Rodriguez, J, Rohloff, P, Romoli, M, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rwegerera, G, Manjula, S, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Sahoo, H, Salehi, S, Salem, M, Salimzadeh, H, Samaei, M, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sankararaman, S, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sardiwalla, Y, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Saylan, M, Schneider, I, Sekerija, M, Seylani, A, Shafaat, O, Shaghaghi, Z, Shaikh, M, Shamsoddin, E, Shannawaz, M, Sharma, R, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, A, Shetty, J, Shetty, P, Shibuya, K, Shirkoohi, R, Shivakumar, K, Shivarov, V, Siabani, S, Siddappa Malleshappa, S, Silva, D, Singh, J, Sintayehu, Y, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Soeberg, M, Sofi-Mahmudi, A, Sotoudeh, H, Steiropoulos, P, Straif, K, Subedi, R, Sufiyan, M, Sultan, I, Sultana, S, Sur, D, Szerencses, V, Szocska, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadbiri, H, Taherkhani, A, Takahashi, K, Talaat, I, Tan, K, Tat, V, Tedla, B, Tefera, Y, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M, Tesfay, F, Tessema, G, Thapar, R, Thavamani, A, Thoguluva Chandrasekar, V, Thomas, N, Tohidinik, H, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, B, Tran, K, Tran, M, Tripathy, J, Tusa, B, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Umapathi, K, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vacante, M, Vaezi, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Velazquez, D, Veroux, M, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Volovici, V, Vu, G, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Ward, P, Wen, Y, Westerman, R, Winkler, A, Yadav, L, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yang, L, Yaya, S, Yazie, T, Yeshaw, Y, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Yuce, D, Yunusa, I, Zadnik, V, Zare, F, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, J, Zhong, C, Zhou, L, Zhu, C, Ziapour, A, Zimmermann, I, Fitzmaurice, C, Murray, C, Force, L, Kocarnik J. M., Compton K., Dean F. E., Fu W., Gaw B. L., Harvey J. D., Henrikson H. J., Lu D., Pennini A., Xu R., Ababneh E., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Elsalam S. M., Abdoli A., Abedi A., Abidi H., Abolhassani H., Adedeji I. A., Adnani Q. E. S., Advani S. M., Afzal M. S., Aghaali M., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi A., Ahmadi S., Ahmed Rashid T., Ahmed Salih Y., Akalu G. T., Aklilu A., Akram T., Akunna C. J., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Ali S., Alimohamadi Y., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Alkhayyat M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N. A., Al-Maweri S. A. A., Almustanyir S., Alonso N., Alvis-Guzman N., Amu H., Anbesu E. W., Ancuceanu R., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Antwi M. H., Anvari D., Anyasodor A. E., Aqeel M., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Ariffin H., Aripov T., Arshad M., Artaman A., Arulappan J., Asemi Z., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Ashraf T., Atorkey P., Aujayeb A., Ausloos M., Awedew A. F., Ayala Quintanilla B. P., Ayenew T., Azab M. A., Azadnajafabad S., Azari Jafari A., Azarian G., Azzam A. Y., Badiye A. D., Bahadory S., Baig A. A., Baker J. L., Balakrishnan S., Banach M., Barnighausen T. W., Barone-Adesi F., Barra F., Barrow A., Behzadifar M., Belgaumi U. I., Bezabhe W. M. M., Bezabih Y. M., Bhagat D. S., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bhojaraja V. S., Bibi S., Bijani A., Biondi A., Bisignano C., Bjorge T., Bleyer A., Blyuss O., Bolarinwa O. A., Bolla S. R., Braithwaite D., Brar A., Brenner H., Bustamante-Teixeira M. T., Butt N. S., Butt Z. A., Caetano Dos Santos F. L., Cao Y., Carreras G., Catala-Lopez F., Cembranel F., Cerin E., Cernigliaro A., Chakinala R. C., Chattu S. K., Chattu V. K., Chaturvedi P., Chimed-Ochir O., Cho D. Y., Christopher D. J., Chu D. -T., Chung M. T., Conde J., Cortes S., Cortesi P. A., Costa V. M., Cunha A. R., Dadras O., Dagnew A. B., Dahlawi S. M. A., Dai X., Dandona L., Dandona R., Darwesh A. M., Das Neves J., De La Hoz F. P., Demis A. B., Denova-Gutierrez E., Dhamnetiya D., Dhimal M. L., Dhimal M., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Do H. P., Doaei S., Dorostkar F., Dos Santos Figueiredo F. W., Driscoll T. R., Ebrahimi H., Eftekharzadeh S., El Tantawi M., El-Abid H., Elbarazi I., Elhabashy H. R., Elhadi M., El-Jaafary S. I., Eshrati B., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Etemadi A., Ezzikouri S., Faisaluddin M., Faraon E. J. A., Fares J., Farzadfar F., Feroze A. H., Ferrero S., Ferro Desideri L., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J. L., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Gaal P. A., Gad M. M., Gadanya M. A., Gallus S., Gaspar Fonseca M., Getachew Obsa A., Ghafourifard M., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gholamalizadeh M., Gilani S. A., Ginindza T. G., Gizaw A. T. T., Glasbey J. C., Golechha M., Goleij P., Gomez R. S., Gopalani S. V., Gorini G., Goudarzi H., Grosso G., Gubari M. I. M., Guerra M. R., Guha A., Gunasekera D. S., Gupta B., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Gutierrez R. A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haider M. R., Haj-Mirzaian A., Halwani R., Hamadeh R. R., Hameed S., Hamidi S., Hanif A., Haque S., Harlianto N. I., Haro J. M., Hasaballah A. I., Hassanipour S., Hay R. J., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari G., Heidari M., Herrera-Serna B. Y., Herteliu C., Hezam K., Holla R., Hossain M. M., Hossain M. B. H., Hosseini M. -S., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hsairi M., Huang J., Hugo F. N., Hussain R., Hussein N. R., Hwang B. -F., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S. E., Ida F., Ikuta K. S., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Irham L. M., Islam J. Y., Islam R. M., Islam S. M. S., Ismail N. E., Isola G., Iwagami M., Jacob L., Jain V., Jakovljevic M. B., Javaheri T., Jayaram S., Jazayeri S. B., Jha R. P., Jonas J. B., Joo T., Joseph N., Joukar F., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kahrizi D., Kalankesh L. R., Kalhor R., Kaliyadan F., Kalkonde Y., Kamath A., Kameran Al-Salihi N., Kandel H., Kapoor N., Karch A., Kasa A. S., Katikireddi S. V., Kauppila J. H., Kavetskyy T., Kebede S. A., Keshavarz P., Keykhaei M., Khader Y. S., Khalilov R., Khan G., Khan M., Khan M. N., Khan M. A. B., Khang Y. -H., Khater A. M., Khayamzadeh M., Kim G. R., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Kopec J. A., Koteeswaran R., Koul P. A., Koulmane Laxminarayana S. L., Koyanagi A., Kucuk Bicer B., Kugbey N., Kumar G. A., Kumar N., Kurmi O. P., Kutluk T., La Vecchia C., Lami F. H., Landires I., Lauriola P., Lee S. -W., Lee S. W. H., Lee W. -C., Lee Y. H., Leigh J., Leong E., Li J., Li M. -C., Liu X., Loureiro J. A., Lunevicius R., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Majeed A., Makki A., Male S., Malik A. A., Mansournia M. A., Martini S., Masoumi S. Z., Mathur P., McKee M., Mehrotra R., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha E. W., Mesregah M. K., Mestrovic T., Miao Jonasson J., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Miller T. R., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei H. R., Misra S., Mithra P., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad K. A., Mohammad Y., Mohammadi M., Mohammadi S. M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Moka N., Mokdad A. H., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moni M. A., Moosavi M. A., Moradi Y., Moraga P., Morgado-Da-Costa J., Morrison S. D., Mosapour A., Mubarik S., Mwanri L., Nagarajan A. J., Nagaraju S. P., Nagata C., Naimzada M. D., Nangia V., Naqvi A. A., Narasimha Swamy S., Ndejjo R., Nduaguba S. O., Negoi I., Negru S. M., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen H. L. T., Niazi R. K., Nnaji C. A., Noor N. M., Nunez-Samudio V., Nzoputam C. I., Oancea B., Ochir C., Odukoya O. O., Ogbo F. A., Olagunju A. T., Olakunde B. O., Omar E., Omar Bali A., Omonisi A. E. E., Ong S., Onwujekwe O. E., Orru H., Ortega-Altamirano D. V., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., P A M., Padubidri J. R., Pakshir K., Pana A., Panagiotakos D., Panda-Jonas S., Pardhan S., Park E. -C., Park E. -K., Pashazadeh Kan F., Patel H. K., Patel J. R., Pati S., Pattanshetty S. M., Paudel U., Pereira D. M., Pereira R. B., Perianayagam A., Pillay J. D., Pirouzpanah S., Pishgar F., Podder I., Postma M. J., Pourjafar H., Prashant A., Preotescu L., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Radhakrishnan R. A., Radhakrishnan V., Rafiee A., Rahim F., Rahimzadeh S., Rahman M., Rahman M. A., Rahmani A. M., Rajai N., Rajesh A., Rakovac I., Ram P., Ramezanzadeh K., Ranabhat K., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rawassizadeh R., Razeghinia M. S., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Roberts T. J., Rodriguez J. A. B., Rohloff P., Romoli M., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Rwegerera G. M., Manjula S., Sabour S., Saddik B., Saeed U., Sahebkar A., Sahoo H., Salehi S., Salem M. R., Salimzadeh H., Samaei M., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sankararaman S., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sardiwalla Y., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Saylan M., Schneider I. J. C., Sekerija M., Seylani A., Shafaat O., Shaghaghi Z., Shaikh M. A., Shamsoddin E., Shannawaz M., Sharma R., Sheikh A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shetty A., Shetty J. K., Shetty P. H., Shibuya K., Shirkoohi R., Shivakumar K. M., Shivarov V., Siabani S., Siddappa Malleshappa S. K., Silva D. A. S., Singh J. A., Sintayehu Y., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Soeberg M. J., Sofi-Mahmudi A., Sotoudeh H., Steiropoulos P., Straif K., Subedi R., Sufiyan M. B., Sultan I., Sultana S., Sur D., Szerencses V., Szocska M., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadbiri H., Taherkhani A., Takahashi K., Talaat I. M., Tan K. -K., Tat V. Y., Tedla B. A. A., Tefera Y. G., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Temsah M. -H., Tesfay F. H., Tessema G. A., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Thoguluva Chandrasekar V., Thomas N., Tohidinik H. R., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran B. X., Tran K. B., Tran M. T. N., Tripathy J. P., Tusa B. S., Ullah I., Ullah S., Umapathi K. K., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Vacante M., Vaezi M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Velazquez D. Z., Veroux M., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Vo B., Volovici V., Vu G. T., Waheed Y., Wamai R. G., Ward P., Wen Y. F., Westerman R., Winkler A. S., Yadav L., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yang L., Yaya S., Yazie T. S. Y., Yeshaw Y., Yonemoto N., Younis M. Z., Yousefi Z., Yu C., Yuce D., Yunusa I., Zadnik V., Zare F., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang J., Zhong C., Zhou L., Zhu C., Ziapour A., Zimmermann I. R., Fitzmaurice C., Murray C. J. L., Force L. M., Kocarnik, J, Compton, K, Dean, F, Fu, W, Gaw, B, Harvey, J, Henrikson, H, Lu, D, Pennini, A, Xu, R, Ababneh, E, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdoli, A, Abedi, A, Abidi, H, Abolhassani, H, Adedeji, I, Adnani, Q, Advani, S, Afzal, M, Aghaali, M, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed Rashid, T, Ahmed Salih, Y, Akalu, G, Aklilu, A, Akram, T, Akunna, C, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Ali, S, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Alkhayyat, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Al-Maweri, S, Almustanyir, S, Alonso, N, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amu, H, Anbesu, E, Ancuceanu, R, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antwi, M, Anvari, D, Anyasodor, A, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aremu, O, Ariffin, H, Aripov, T, Arshad, M, Artaman, A, Arulappan, J, Asemi, Z, Asghari Jafarabadi, M, Ashraf, T, Atorkey, P, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Awedew, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayenew, T, Azab, M, Azadnajafabad, S, Azari Jafari, A, Azarian, G, Azzam, A, Badiye, A, Bahadory, S, Baig, A, Baker, J, Balakrishnan, S, Banach, M, Barnighausen, T, Barone-Adesi, F, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Behzadifar, M, Belgaumi, U, Bezabhe, W, Bezabih, Y, Bhagat, D, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, V, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bisignano, C, Bjorge, T, Bleyer, A, Blyuss, O, Bolarinwa, O, Bolla, S, Braithwaite, D, Brar, A, Brenner, H, Bustamante-Teixeira, M, Butt, N, Butt, Z, Caetano Dos Santos, F, Cao, Y, Carreras, G, Catala-Lopez, F, Cembranel, F, Cerin, E, Cernigliaro, A, Chakinala, R, Chattu, S, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, P, Chimed-Ochir, O, Cho, D, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Chung, M, Conde, J, Cortes, S, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Cunha, A, Dadras, O, Dagnew, A, Dahlawi, S, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Darwesh, A, Das Neves, J, De La Hoz, F, Demis, A, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, M, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Doaei, S, Dorostkar, F, Dos Santos Figueiredo, F, Driscoll, T, Ebrahimi, H, 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Seylani, A, Shafaat, O, Shaghaghi, Z, Shaikh, M, Shamsoddin, E, Shannawaz, M, Sharma, R, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, A, Shetty, J, Shetty, P, Shibuya, K, Shirkoohi, R, Shivakumar, K, Shivarov, V, Siabani, S, Siddappa Malleshappa, S, Silva, D, Singh, J, Sintayehu, Y, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Soeberg, M, Sofi-Mahmudi, A, Sotoudeh, H, Steiropoulos, P, Straif, K, Subedi, R, Sufiyan, M, Sultan, I, Sultana, S, Sur, D, Szerencses, V, Szocska, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadbiri, H, Taherkhani, A, Takahashi, K, Talaat, I, Tan, K, Tat, V, Tedla, B, Tefera, Y, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M, Tesfay, F, Tessema, G, Thapar, R, Thavamani, A, Thoguluva Chandrasekar, V, Thomas, N, Tohidinik, H, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, B, Tran, K, Tran, M, Tripathy, J, Tusa, B, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Umapathi, K, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vacante, M, Vaezi, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Velazquez, D, Veroux, M, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vo, B, Volovici, V, Vu, G, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Ward, P, Wen, Y, Westerman, R, Winkler, A, Yadav, L, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yang, L, Yaya, S, Yazie, T, Yeshaw, Y, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Yuce, D, Yunusa, I, Zadnik, V, Zare, F, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, J, Zhong, C, Zhou, L, Zhu, C, Ziapour, A, Zimmermann, I, Fitzmaurice, C, Murray, C, Force, L, Kocarnik J. M., Compton K., Dean F. E., Fu W., Gaw B. L., Harvey J. D., Henrikson H. J., Lu D., Pennini A., Xu R., Ababneh E., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbastabar H., Abd-Elsalam S. M., Abdoli A., Abedi A., Abidi H., Abolhassani H., Adedeji I. A., Adnani Q. E. S., Advani S. M., Afzal M. S., Aghaali M., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi A., Ahmadi S., Ahmed Rashid T., Ahmed Salih Y., Akalu G. T., Aklilu A., Akram T., Akunna C. J., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Ali S., Alimohamadi Y., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Alkhayyat M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N. A., Al-Maweri S. A. A., Almustanyir S., Alonso N., Alvis-Guzman N., Amu H., Anbesu E. W., Ancuceanu R., Ansari F., Ansari-Moghaddam A., Antwi M. H., Anvari D., Anyasodor A. E., Aqeel M., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Aremu O., Ariffin H., Aripov T., Arshad M., Artaman A., Arulappan J., Asemi Z., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Ashraf T., Atorkey P., Aujayeb A., Ausloos M., Awedew A. F., Ayala Quintanilla B. P., Ayenew T., Azab M. A., Azadnajafabad S., Azari Jafari A., Azarian G., Azzam A. Y., Badiye A. D., Bahadory S., Baig A. A., Baker J. L., Balakrishnan S., Banach M., Barnighausen T. W., Barone-Adesi F., Barra F., Barrow A., Behzadifar M., Belgaumi U. I., Bezabhe W. M. M., Bezabih Y. M., Bhagat D. S., Bhagavathula A. S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhaskar S., Bhattacharyya K., Bhojaraja V. S., Bibi S., Bijani A., Biondi A., Bisignano C., Bjorge T., Bleyer A., Blyuss O., Bolarinwa O. A., Bolla S. R., Braithwaite D., Brar A., Brenner H., Bustamante-Teixeira M. T., Butt N. S., Butt Z. A., Caetano Dos Santos F. L., Cao Y., Carreras G., Catala-Lopez F., Cembranel F., Cerin E., Cernigliaro A., Chakinala R. C., Chattu S. K., Chattu V. K., Chaturvedi P., Chimed-Ochir O., Cho D. Y., Christopher D. J., Chu D. -T., Chung M. T., Conde J., Cortes S., Cortesi P. A., Costa V. M., Cunha A. R., Dadras O., Dagnew A. B., Dahlawi S. M. A., Dai X., Dandona L., Dandona R., Darwesh A. M., Das Neves J., De La Hoz F. P., Demis A. B., Denova-Gutierrez E., Dhamnetiya D., Dhimal M. L., Dhimal M., Dianatinasab M., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Do H. P., Doaei S., Dorostkar F., Dos Santos Figueiredo F. W., Driscoll T. R., Ebrahimi H., Eftekharzadeh S., El Tantawi M., El-Abid H., Elbarazi I., Elhabashy H. R., Elhadi M., El-Jaafary S. I., Eshrati B., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Etemadi A., Ezzikouri S., Faisaluddin M., Faraon E. J. A., Fares J., Farzadfar F., Feroze A. H., Ferrero S., Ferro Desideri L., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J. L., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Gaal P. A., Gad M. M., Gadanya M. A., Gallus S., Gaspar Fonseca M., Getachew Obsa A., Ghafourifard M., Ghashghaee A., Ghith N., Gholamalizadeh M., Gilani S. A., Ginindza T. G., Gizaw A. T. T., Glasbey J. C., Golechha M., Goleij P., Gomez R. S., Gopalani S. V., Gorini G., Goudarzi H., Grosso G., Gubari M. I. M., Guerra M. R., Guha A., Gunasekera D. S., Gupta B., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Gutierrez R. A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haider M. R., Haj-Mirzaian A., Halwani R., Hamadeh R. R., Hameed S., Hamidi S., Hanif A., Haque S., Harlianto N. I., Haro J. M., Hasaballah A. I., Hassanipour S., Hay R. J., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari G., Heidari M., Herrera-Serna B. Y., Herteliu C., Hezam K., Holla R., Hossain M. M., Hossain M. B. H., Hosseini M. -S., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hsairi M., Huang J., Hugo F. N., Hussain R., Hussein N. R., Hwang B. -F., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S. E., Ida F., Ikuta K. S., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Irham L. M., Islam J. Y., Islam R. M., Islam S. M. S., Ismail N. E., Isola G., Iwagami M., Jacob L., Jain V., Jakovljevic M. B., Javaheri T., Jayaram S., Jazayeri S. B., Jha R. P., Jonas J. B., Joo T., Joseph N., Joukar F., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kahrizi D., Kalankesh L. R., Kalhor R., Kaliyadan F., Kalkonde Y., Kamath A., Kameran Al-Salihi N., Kandel H., Kapoor N., Karch A., Kasa A. S., Katikireddi S. V., Kauppila J. H., Kavetskyy T., Kebede S. A., Keshavarz P., Keykhaei M., Khader Y. S., Khalilov R., Khan G., Khan M., Khan M. N., Khan M. A. B., Khang Y. -H., Khater A. M., Khayamzadeh M., Kim G. R., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Kopec J. A., Koteeswaran R., Koul P. A., Koulmane Laxminarayana S. L., Koyanagi A., Kucuk Bicer B., Kugbey N., Kumar G. A., Kumar N., Kurmi O. P., Kutluk T., La Vecchia C., Lami F. H., Landires I., Lauriola P., Lee S. -W., Lee S. W. H., Lee W. -C., Lee Y. H., Leigh J., Leong E., Li J., Li M. -C., Liu X., Loureiro J. A., Lunevicius R., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Majeed A., Makki A., Male S., Malik A. A., Mansournia M. A., Martini S., Masoumi S. Z., Mathur P., McKee M., Mehrotra R., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha E. W., Mesregah M. K., Mestrovic T., Miao Jonasson J., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Miller T. R., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei H. R., Misra S., Mithra P., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohammad K. A., Mohammad Y., Mohammadi M., Mohammadi S. M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Moka N., Mokdad A. H., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Moni M. A., Moosavi M. A., Moradi Y., Moraga P., Morgado-Da-Costa J., Morrison S. D., Mosapour A., Mubarik S., Mwanri L., Nagarajan A. J., Nagaraju S. P., Nagata C., Naimzada M. D., Nangia V., Naqvi A. A., Narasimha Swamy S., Ndejjo R., Nduaguba S. O., Negoi I., Negru S. M., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen H. L. T., Niazi R. K., Nnaji C. A., Noor N. M., Nunez-Samudio V., Nzoputam C. I., Oancea B., Ochir C., Odukoya O. O., Ogbo F. A., Olagunju A. T., Olakunde B. O., Omar E., Omar Bali A., Omonisi A. E. E., Ong S., Onwujekwe O. E., Orru H., Ortega-Altamirano D. V., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., P A M., Padubidri J. R., Pakshir K., Pana A., Panagiotakos D., Panda-Jonas S., Pardhan S., Park E. -C., Park E. -K., Pashazadeh Kan F., Patel H. K., Patel J. R., Pati S., Pattanshetty S. M., Paudel U., Pereira D. M., Pereira R. B., Perianayagam A., Pillay J. D., Pirouzpanah S., Pishgar F., Podder I., Postma M. J., Pourjafar H., Prashant A., Preotescu L., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Radhakrishnan R. A., Radhakrishnan V., Rafiee A., Rahim F., Rahimzadeh S., Rahman M., Rahman M. A., Rahmani A. M., Rajai N., Rajesh A., Rakovac I., Ram P., Ramezanzadeh K., Ranabhat K., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rawassizadeh R., Razeghinia M. S., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Roberts T. J., Rodriguez J. A. B., Rohloff P., Romoli M., Ronfani L., Roshandel G., Rwegerera G. M., Manjula S., Sabour S., Saddik B., Saeed U., Sahebkar A., Sahoo H., Salehi S., Salem M. R., Salimzadeh H., Samaei M., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sankararaman S., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sardiwalla Y., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Saylan M., Schneider I. J. C., Sekerija M., Seylani A., Shafaat O., Shaghaghi Z., Shaikh M. A., Shamsoddin E., Shannawaz M., Sharma R., Sheikh A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shetty A., Shetty J. K., Shetty P. H., Shibuya K., Shirkoohi R., Shivakumar K. M., Shivarov V., Siabani S., Siddappa Malleshappa S. K., Silva D. A. S., Singh J. A., Sintayehu Y., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Soeberg M. J., Sofi-Mahmudi A., Sotoudeh H., Steiropoulos P., Straif K., Subedi R., Sufiyan M. B., Sultan I., Sultana S., Sur D., Szerencses V., Szocska M., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadbiri H., Taherkhani A., Takahashi K., Talaat I. M., Tan K. -K., Tat V. Y., Tedla B. A. A., Tefera Y. G., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Temsah M. -H., Tesfay F. H., Tessema G. A., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Thoguluva Chandrasekar V., Thomas N., Tohidinik H. R., Touvier M., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran B. X., Tran K. B., Tran M. T. N., Tripathy J. P., Tusa B. S., Ullah I., Ullah S., Umapathi K. K., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Vacante M., Vaezi M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Velazquez D. Z., Veroux M., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Vo B., Volovici V., Vu G. T., Waheed Y., Wamai R. G., Ward P., Wen Y. F., Westerman R., Winkler A. S., Yadav L., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yang L., Yaya S., Yazie T. S. Y., Yeshaw Y., Yonemoto N., Younis M. Z., Yousefi Z., Yu C., Yuce D., Yunusa I., Zadnik V., Zare F., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang J., Zhong C., Zhou L., Zhu C., Ziapour A., Zimmermann I. R., Fitzmaurice C., Murray C. J. L., and Force L. M.
Abstract: IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and
Published: 2022

16. Installation performance of structurally enhanced caissons in sand

Author: Mehravar, Moura, Harireche, Ouahid, Faramarzi, Asaad, Rahimzadeh, Farough, Osman, Ashraf, Dirar, Samir, Mehravar, Moura, Harireche, Ouahid, Faramarzi, Asaad, Rahimzadeh, Farough, Osman, Ashraf, and Dirar, Samir
Abstract: Suction caissons are attractive solutions to support offshore structures. Their capacity, both pull-out and bearing, grows with their embedment depth. However, higher embedment depths increase risks of installation failure due to uncertainty of seabed condition, increased chance of piping and structural buckling. For the first time, this paper investigates installation of structurally enhanced caissons (SECs), in the form of flanges attached to the caisson shaft, through developing a numerical procedure based on finite element analysis. The SEC has the potential to offer additional (over 20%) pull-out and bearing capacity compared with standard caisson and can have substantial positive impacts on torsional capacity. Using the proposed numerical procedure, the impact of adding the flanges on the installation resistance was studied and compared against a standard caisson. A piping criterion was defined which allows tracking the soil region where piping develops and evolves as the installation proceeds. The impacts of flange base sizes and sand compaction on the required suction for installation were studied. The results of this paper can be used as guidance to predict the required suction to install flanged caissons and can facilitate the uptake of the proposed SEC. The proposed numerical framework is applicable to other SEC geometries.
Published: 2023

17. Unique features of regulation of sulfate assimilation in monocots

Author: Karvansara, Parisa Rahimzadeh, Kelly, Ciaran, Krone, Raissa, Zenzen, Ivan, Ristova, Daniela, Silz, Emely, Jobe, Timothy O., Kopriva, Stanislav, Karvansara, Parisa Rahimzadeh, Kelly, Ciaran, Krone, Raissa, Zenzen, Ivan, Ristova, Daniela, Silz, Emely, Jobe, Timothy O., and Kopriva, Stanislav
Abstract: Sulfate assimilation is an essential pathway of plant primary metabolism, regulated by the demand for reduced sulfur (S). The S-containing tripeptide glutathione (GSH) is the key signal for such regulation in Arabidopsis, but little is known about the conservation of these regulatory mechanisms beyond this model species. Using two model monocot species, C-3 rice (Oryza sativa) and C-4 Setaria viridis, and feeding of cysteine or GSH, we aimed to find out how conserved are the regulatory mechanisms described for Arabidopsis in these species. We showed that while in principle the regulation is similar, there are many species-specific differences. For example, thiols supplied by the roots are translocated to the shoots in rice but remain in the roots of Setaria. Cysteine and GSH concentrations are highly correlated in Setaria, but not in rice. In both rice and Setaria, GSH seems to be the signal for demand-driven regulation of sulfate assimilation. Unexpectedly, we observed cysteine oxidation to sulfate in both species, a reaction that does not occur in Arabidopsis. This reaction is dependent on sulfite oxidase, but the enzyme(s) releasing sulfite from cysteine still need to be identified. Altogether our data reveal a number of unique features in the regulation of S metabolism in the monocot species and indicate the need for using multiple taxonomically distinct models to better understand the control of nutrient homeostasis, which is important for generating low-input crop varieties. Investigating demand-driven regulation of sulfate assimilation in rice and Setaria viridis, we revealed that in contrast to Arabidopsis, both species are able to oxidize cysteine to sulfate.
Published: 2023

18. Wastewater monitoring for detection of public health markers during the COVID-19 pandemic: near-source monitoring of schools in England over an academic year

Author: Hassard, Francis, Vu, Milan, Rahimzadeh, Shadi, Castro-Gutierrez, Victor, Stanton, Isobel, Burczynska, Beata, Wildeboer, Dirk, Baio, Gianluca, Brown, Mathew R., Garelick, Hemda, Hofman, Jan, Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara, Majeed, Azeem, Priest, Sally, Denise, Hubert, Khalifa, Mohammad, Bassano, Irene, Wade, Matthew J., Grimsley, Jasmine, Lundy, Lian, Singer, Andrew C., Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Hassard, Francis, Vu, Milan, Rahimzadeh, Shadi, Castro-Gutierrez, Victor, Stanton, Isobel, Burczynska, Beata, Wildeboer, Dirk, Baio, Gianluca, Brown, Mathew R., Garelick, Hemda, Hofman, Jan, Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara, Majeed, Azeem, Priest, Sally, Denise, Hubert, Khalifa, Mohammad, Bassano, Irene, Wade, Matthew J., Grimsley, Jasmine, Lundy, Lian, Singer, Andrew C., and Di Cesare, Mariachiara
Abstract: Background: Schools are high-risk settings for infectious disease transmission. Wastewater monitoring for infectious diseases has been used to identify and mitigate outbreaks in many near-source settings during the COVID-19 pandemic, including universities and hospitals but less is known about the technology when applied for school health protection. This study aimed to implement a wastewater surveillance system to detect SARS-CoV-2 and other public health markers from wastewater in schools in England. Methods: A total of 855 wastewater samples were collected from 16 schools (10 primary, 5 secondary and 1 post-16 and further education) over 10 months of school term time. Wastewater was analysed for SARS-CoV-2 genomic copies of N1 and E genes by RT-qPCR. A subset of wastewater samples was sent for genomic sequencing, enabling determination of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and emergence of variant(s) contributing to COVID-19 infections within schools. In total, >280 microbial pathogens and >1200 AMR genes were screened using RT-qPCR and metagenomics to consider the utility of these additional targets to further inform on health threats within the schools. Results: We report on wastewater-based surveillance for COVID-19 within English primary, secondary and further education schools over a full academic year (October 2020 to July 2021). The highest positivity rate (80.4%) was observed in the week commencing 30th November 2020 during the emergence of the Alpha variant, indicating most schools contained people who were shedding the virus. There was high SARS-CoV-2 amplicon concentration (up to 9.2x106 GC/L) detected over the summer term (8th June - 6th July 2021) during Delta variant prevalence. The summer increase of SARS-CoV-2 in school wastewater was reflected in age-specific clinical COVID-19 cases. Alpha variant and Delta variant were identified in the wastewater by sequencing of samples collected from December to March and June to July, respectively. Lead/lag analysis
Published: 2023

19. Understanding the triggering mechanisms of reservoir-triggered seismicity at Nova Ponte, Brazil, through hydro-mechanical modeling

Author: Vilarrasa, Víctor, Raza, Haris, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Sand França, George, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Raza, Haris, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, and Sand França, George
Abstract: Reservoir impoundment is usually accompanied by induced/triggered seismicity. The rise in the number of planned hydropower plants requires improving the understanding of the causes of this induced/triggered seismicity, which eventually could serve to propose mitigation measures to reduce the induced/triggered-seismicity risk. We investigate the case of reservoir-triggered seismicity at Nova Ponte, Brazil, where triggered seismicity started shortly after reservoir impoundment, with the maximum magnitude of M3.5 when reaching the highest water level on the dam, and followed by delayed seismicity, with the largest earthquake being a M4.0 about 4.5 years after impoundment. We have built a hydro-mechanical fully-coupled numerical model reproducing the T shape of the reservoir and including the three geological layers placed below the reservoir down to 10 km depth. Simulation results serve to identify the nodal plane, from the two nodal planes of the proposed focal mechanism, which nucleated the seismicity of the M3.5 earthquake: a vertical, E-W-oriented strike-slip fault with a reverse-displacement component. The initial seismicity was triggered by the undrained response of the subsurface to the loading of the reservoir. We also find that the delayed seismicity was triggered by pore pressure diffusion, bringing a critically oriented vertical fault to failure conditions. The vertical permeability to allow the pore pressure perturbation to reach the depth of the M4.0 earthquake, i.e., 3 km depth, in 4.5 years is 6.6·10-15 m2, two to three orders of magnitude higher than the expected permeability of the host rock, a low-permeability mica-schist. We contend that hydro-mechanical models are a useful tool to understand the triggering mechanisms of reservoir-triggered seismicity.
Published: 2023

20. ¿Es seguro almacenar millones de toneladas de CO₂ bajo tierra?

Author: Vilarrasa, Víctor, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Vilarrasa, Víctor, and Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh
Abstract: Nos encontramos en un estado de emergencia climática provocado por las actividades humanas. La emisión a la atmósfera de grandes cantidades de dióxido de carbono (CO₂) procedentes de la quema de combustibles fósiles (carbón, petróleo y gas) han producido un calentamiento de la superficie de la Tierra de unos 1,2 ℃ de media por encima del nivel preindustrial. Los impactos del calentamiento global ya se han manifestado en fenómenos meteorológicos extremos más intensos y frecuentes. Ante este panorama, las tecnologías de eliminación del carbono desempeñarán un papel indispensable en el camino a la descarbonización. La capacidad instalada actual de captura de CO₂ es de unas 40 megatoneladas (1 millón de toneladas) al año. Pero aún estamos peligrosamente lejos de cumplir los objetivos climáticos. La capacidad de captura y almacenamiento de CO₂ debe multiplicarse aproximadamente por 100 de aquí a 2050. Aunque las realidades económicas y políticas son determinantes, el temor a las fugas de CO₂ a la superficie ha provocado retrasos en la implementación generalizada de esta tecnología. Un miedo que, según nuestros estudios, no tiene por qué hacerse realidad.
Published: 2023

21. Multiple caprock layers offer confidence in permanent geologic CO2 storage at the gigatonne scale

Author: Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Makhnenko, Roman Y., Oldenburg, Cutis M., Rutqvist, Jonny, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Makhnenko, Roman Y., Oldenburg, Cutis M., Rutqvist, Jonny, and Vilarrasa, Víctor
Published: 2023

22. A computationally efficient numerical model to understand potential CO2 leakage risk within gigatonne scale geologic storage

Author: Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Makhnenko, Roman Y., Oldenburg, Curtis M., Rutqvist, Jonny, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Makhnenko, Roman Y., Oldenburg, Curtis M., Rutqvist, Jonny, and Vilarrasa, Víctor
Abstract: The majority of available climate change mitigation pathways, targeting net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050, rely heavily on the permanent storage of CO2 in deep geologic formations at the gigatonne scale. The spatial and temporal scales of interest to geologic carbon storage (GCS) raise concerns about CO2 leakage to shallow sediments or back into the atmosphere. The assessment of CO2 storage performance is subject to huge computational costs of numerically simulating CO2 migration across geologic layers at the basin scale and is therefore restricted in practice to multi-century periods. Here, we present a computationally affordable and yet physically sound model to understand the likelihood of CO2 leakage over geologic time scales (millions of years) (Kivi et al., 2022). The model accounts for vertical two-phase flow and transport of CO2 and brine in a multi-layered system, comprising a sequence of aquifers and sealing rocks from the crystalline basement up to the surface (a total thickness of 1600 m), representative of a sedimentary basin. We argue that the model is capable of capturing the dynamics of CO2 leakage during basin-wide storage because the lateral advancement of CO2 plume injected from a dense grid of wellbores transforms into buoyant vertical rise within a short period after shut-in. A critical step in the proposed model is its initialization, which should reproduce the average CO2 saturation column and pressure profiles. We initialize the model by injecting CO2 at a constant overpressure into an upper lateral portion of the target aquifer while the bottom boundary is permeable to brine, resembling brine displacement by CO2 plume or leakage at basin margins. The optimum model setting can be achieved by adjusting the brine leakage parameter through calibration. We solve the governing equations using the finite element code CODE_BRIGHT. Discretizing the model with 7,100 quadrilateral elements and using an adaptive time-stepping scheme, the CPU time for the s
Published: 2023

23. Induced seismicity in EGS: Observations and triggering mechanisms

Author: Simone, Silvia De, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Min, Ki Bok, Rutqvist, Jonny, Simone, Silvia De, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Min, Ki Bok, and Rutqvist, Jonny
Abstract: Induced seismicity is typically observed in enhanced geothermal systems (EGSs), especially during and after the operations of rock hydraulic stimulation but also during fluid circulation. Although this seismicity has generally been of low intensity, it has often reached a magnitude large enough to be felt by local inhabitants and cause damage, which has jeopardized the widespread deployment of this technology. In this chapter, we review some of the most relevant cases of induced seismicity in EGS and analyze the physical mechanisms that may lead to rock failure and, therefore, to the activation of earthquakes. Afterwards, we discuss the theories and approaches that have been used to model and forecast such seismicity.
Published: 2023

24. Global physics-based database of injection-induced seismicity

Author: European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (España), 0000-0002-7150-0411, 0000-0002-0806-2471, 0000-0002-6686-9556, 0000-0003-1169-4469, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Boyet, Auregan, Wu, Haiqing, Walter, Linus, Hanson-Hedgecock, Sara, Parisio, Francesco, Vilarrasa, Víctor, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (España), 0000-0002-7150-0411, 0000-0002-0806-2471, 0000-0002-6686-9556, 0000-0003-1169-4469, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Boyet, Auregan, Wu, Haiqing, Walter, Linus, Hanson-Hedgecock, Sara, Parisio, Francesco, and Vilarrasa, Víctor
Abstract: Fluid injection into geological formations for energy resource development frequently induces (micro)seismicity. Moderate- to large-magnitude induced earthquakes may cause injuries and/or economic loss, with the consequence of jeopardizing the operation and future development of these geo-energy projects. To achieve an improved understanding of the mechanisms of induced seismicity, develop forecasting tools and manage the associated risks, it is necessary to carefully examine seismic data from reported cases of induced seismicity and the parameters controlling them. However, these data are challenging to gather together and are time-consuming to collate as they come from different disciplines and sources. Here, we present a publicly available, multi-physical database of injection-induced seismicity (Kivi et al., 2022a; 10.20350/digitalCSIC/14813), sourced from an extensive review of published documents. Currently, it contains 158 datasets of induced seismicity caused by various subsurface energy-related applications worldwide. Each dataset covers a wide range of variables, delineating general site information, host rock properties, in situ geologic and tectonic conditions, fault characteristics, conducted field operations, and recorded seismic activities. We publish the database in flat-file formats (i.e., .xls and .csv tables) to facilitate its dissemination and utilization by geoscientists while keeping it directly readable by computer codes for convenient data manipulation. The multi-disciplinary content of this database adds unique value to databases focusing only on seismicity data. In particular, the collected data aim at facilitating the understanding of the spatiotemporal occurrence of induced earthquakes, the diagnosis of potential triggering mechanisms, and the development of scaling relations of maximum possible earthquake magnitudes and operational parameters. The database will boost research in seismic hazard forecasting and mitigation, paving the way f
Published: 2023

25. Chemo-hydro-mechanical effects of CO2 injection on reservoir and seal rocks: A review on laboratory experiments

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, 0000-0003-0104-5377, 0000-0003-0741-249X, 0000-0002-7150-0411, 0000-0003-1169-4469, Vafaie, Atefeh, Cama, Jordi, Soler, Josep M., Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, 0000-0003-0104-5377, 0000-0003-0741-249X, 0000-0002-7150-0411, 0000-0003-1169-4469, Vafaie, Atefeh, Cama, Jordi, Soler, Josep M., Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, and Vilarrasa, Víctor
Abstract: Geological carbon storage is one of the technologies required to arrive at the ambitious yet realistic net-zero emission target and climate change neutrality. Injected CO2 in geological formations acidifies the resident brine, inducing chemical reactions with the minerals. Reactions may alter the hydraulic and mechanical properties of the rock and have an impact on reservoir and wellbore integrity, reservoir injectivity, long-term compaction and caprock sealing capacity. We provide a comprehensive review of chemo-hydro-mechanical (CHM) effects of CO2 on the reservoir and sealing rocks, either intact or fractured, which have been studied through laboratory experiments under no-flow and open-flow conditions, i.e., batch and flow-through experiments. The hydraulic and mechanical rock properties affected by geochemical processes comprise (a) physical properties influencing the flow and transport of solutes (pore size distribution, porosity, permeability and fracture aperture and roughness), (b) multi-phase flow properties (capillary entry pressure and relative permeability), (c) mechanical characteristics, including stiffness (i.e., elastic moduli for intact rocks and normal stiffness for fractures), strength (cohesion, friction angle and fracture toughness), and poroelastic response (Biot's coefficient), and (d) time-dependent behavior of the rock (compaction creep). The experiments alone cannot capture the complex dynamics of CO2 flow underground, but they provide critical insights into short-term alteration mechanisms of rock with implications to geologic CO2 storage. Studying naturally altered rocks, extending the experiments to tens-of-meters-scale underground rock laboratories, and bringing together experimental observations and numerical simulations are valuable for the advance in the understanding of CHM processes and upscaling them across space and time.
Published: 2023

26. A Clinical Trial Comparing Ultrasound-Guided Ilioinguinal/Iliohypogastric Nerve Block to Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Analgesia following Open Inguinal Hernia Repair [Corrigendum]

Author: Faiz,Seyed Hamid Reza, Nader,Nader D., Niknejadi,Soraya, Davari-Farid,Sina, Hobika,Geoffrey G., Rahimzadeh,Poupak, Faiz,Seyed Hamid Reza, Nader,Nader D., Niknejadi,Soraya, Davari-Farid,Sina, Hobika,Geoffrey G., and Rahimzadeh,Poupak
Abstract: Faiz SHR, Nader ND, Niknejadi S, Davari-Farid S, Hobika GG, Rahimzadeh P. J Pain Res. 2019;12:201–207. There were concerns over the potential inaccurate representation of data in the original Figure 3 on page 205 of the published article. The spline approach used in the original figure illustrated scores that do not exist through the interpolation of missing parameters between concrete assessment time points. Therefore, we, the authors, replaced the image with a time-to-event analysis (Kaplan-Meier) where the event was set for the request for an analgesic within the first 24 hours. The new figure presents cumulative hazards (probability) of requesting an analgesic medication over the first 24 hours after ilioinguinal nerve block versus transverse abdomens plane block. The time-to-event analysis by the Kaplan-Meier Log-Rank test revealed no difference in analgesic requirement between the two types of blocks (P=0.912). The correct Figure 3 is as follows. Figure 3 The probability of request for additional parenteral analgesic drugs is shown at any given time.Abbreviation: TAP, transversus abdominis plane.
Published: 2023

27. Minimizing CO2 leakage risk by storage in multi-layered geological settings

Author: Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Makhnenko, Roman Y., Oldenburg, C. M., Rutqvist, Jonny, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Makhnenko, Roman Y., Oldenburg, C. M., Rutqvist, Jonny, and Vilarrasa, Víctor
Abstract: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) in deep geological formations at the scale of gigatonnes per year is an integral component of any real-world solution to mitigate the climate change crisis. The safety and effectiveness of CCS require that the injected CO2 permanently resides underground. Concerns about CO2 leakage are linked to buoyancy-driven CO2 rise through geological formations. Appropriate geological settings for large-scale CCS deployment should include low-permeability, k, and high-gas-entry pressure, p0, caprock layers, e.g., shales, to minimize CO2 migration out of the more permeable storage formations (Kivi et al. 2022a). Assessment of the effectiveness of large-scale CCS requires basin-scale numerical simulations of subsurface CO2 flow and transport in 3D. Such simulations are computationally demanding, limiting the existing estimates of the CO2 leakage risk to multi-century periods. Herein, we develop a computationally efficient, physically-sound numerical model to constrain the CO2 leakage risk at the basin scale and over geological time scales (millions of years), considering the effect of heterogeneities and structural settings.
Published: 2023

28. Reservoir impoundment-triggered seismicity in Brazil: the case of M4.0 Nova Ponte earthquake

Author: European Commission, 0000-0003-2206-4913, 0000-0002-7150-0411, 0000-0002-2694-5868, 0000-0003-1169-4469, Raza, Haris, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, França, George Sand, Vilarrasa, Víctor, European Commission, 0000-0003-2206-4913, 0000-0002-7150-0411, 0000-0002-2694-5868, 0000-0003-1169-4469, Raza, Haris, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, França, George Sand, and Vilarrasa, Víctor
Abstract: Reservoir-triggered seismicity commonly occurs as a result of reservoir impoundment. In particular, the Nova Ponte reservoir triggered a series of earthquakes, including the 1998 M4.0 earthquake, which represents the second-largest earthquake triggered by reservoir impoundment in Brazil. The earthquake occurred after prolonged seismic activity following reservoir impoundment starting in 1993. After more than two decades, the mechanisms governing these earthquakes and their relation with the spatiotemporal evolution of the seismic events are still poorly understood. Here, we explain the causal mechanisms of the two largest earthquakes: an initial response M3.5 in 1995 and the delayed M4.0 in 1998. To this end, we numerically simulate the poromechanical subsurface response to reservoir impoundment using a 3D model that includes three geological layers down to 10 km depth. From the proposed potential nodal planes of the 1995 M3.5 earthquake, we show that the earthquake has most likely occurred on a vertical, E-W-oriented strike-slip fault with a reverse-displacement component. Deviatoric stresses generated by the water column loading on the surface, superimposed by undrained pore pressure enhancement in deep low-permeability layers can explain the fault reactivation. We find that for the 1998 M4.0 earthquake to occur, conductive flow pathways with permeability as high as 6.6·10-15 m2 should exist to transmit pore pressure to a deep critically oriented fault. Our analysis raises the importance of accounting for coupled poromechanical mechanisms controlling fault stability, hydromechanical properties of different rock layers, and realistic shape of the reservoir to accurately assess the potential for reservoir-triggered seismicity. We conclude that reliable forecasting models require accurate subsurface characterization before reservoir filling to enable managing the associated reservoir-triggered seismicity.
Published: 2023

29. Lp-Norm Constrained One-Class Classifier Combination

Author: Nourmohammadi, Sepehr, Arashloo, Shervin Rahimzadeh, Nourmohammadi, Sepehr, and Arashloo, Shervin Rahimzadeh
Abstract: Classifier fusion is established as an effective methodology for boosting performance in different settings and one-class classification is no exception. In this study, we consider the one-class classifier fusion problem by modelling the sparsity/uniformity of the ensemble. To this end, we formulate a convex objective function to learn the weights in a linear ensemble model and impose a variable Lp-norm constraint on the weight vector. The vector-norm constraint enables the model to adapt to the intrinsic uniformity/sparsity of the ensemble in the space of base learners and acts as a (soft) classifier selection mechanism by shaping the relative magnitudes of fusion weights. Drawing on the Frank-Wolfe algorithm, we then present an effective approach to solve the formulated convex constrained optimisation problem efficiently. We evaluate the proposed one-class classifier combination approach on multiple data sets from diverse application domains and illustrate its merits in comparison to the existing approaches.
Published: 2023

30. Martingale convergence in the multitype branching random walk

Author: Sani, Aliakbar Rahimzadeh
Subjects: 519.5, Statistics
Published: 1997

31. Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Paulson, K, Kamath, A, Alam, T, Bienhoff, K, Abady, G, Abbas, J, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdoli, A, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, L, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Abushouk, A, Adamu, A, Adebayo, O, Adegbosin, A, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Adeyinka, D, Adsuar, J, Afshari, K, Aghaali, M, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, M, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akinyemi, O, Aklilu, A, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Alcalde-Rabanal, J, Al-Eyadhy, A, Ali, T, Alicandro, G, Alif, S, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alumran, A, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Ameyaw, E, Amini, S, Amini-Rarani, M, Amit, A, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, C, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aripov, T, Arnlov, J, Artanti, K, Arzani, A, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Asghari Jafarabadi, M, Athari, S, Atnafu, D, Atreya, A, Atteraya, M, Ausloos, M, Awan, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayano, G, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Azene, Z, B, D, Babaee, E, Badiye, A, Baig, A, Banach, M, Banik, P, Barker-Collo, S, Barqawi, H, Bassat, Q, Basu, S, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Beghi, M, Bell, M, Bendak, S, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berhe, K, Berman, A, Bezabih, Y, Bhagavathula, A, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, Z, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birihane, B, Biswas, R, Bohlouli, S, Bragazzi, N, Breusov, A, Brunoni, A, Burkart, K, Burugina Nagaraja, S, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camargos, P, Camera, L, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Cerin, E, Chang, J, Chanie, W, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, S, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, S, Chen, S, Cho, D, Choi, J, Chu, D, Ciobanu, L, Cirillo, M, Conde, J, Costa, V, Couto, R, Dachew, B, Dahlawi, S, Dai, H, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darmstadt, G, Das, J, Davila-Cervantes, C, Davis, A, Davletov, K, De la Hoz, F, De Leo, D, Deeba, F, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dervenis, N, Desalew, A, Deuba, K, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhingra, S, Dhungana, G, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Dorostkar, F, Doshmangir, L, Dubljanin, E, Duraes, A, Eagan, A, Edinur, H, Efendi, F, Eftekharzadeh, S, El Sayed, I, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Elgendy, I, El-Jaafary, S, Emami, A, Enany, S, Eyawo, O, Ezzikouri, S, Faris, P, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Fauk, N, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, V, Ferede, T, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, J, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Foroutan, M, Franklin, R, Freitas, M, Friedman, S, Fukumoto, T, Gad, M, Gaidhane, A, Gaidhane, S, Gaihre, S, Gallus, S, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Garcia-Gordillo, M, Gardner, W, Gaspar Fonseca, M, Gebremedhin, K, Getacher, L, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Gilani, S, Gill, T, Giussani, G, Gnedovskaya, E, Godinho, M, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Gona, P, Gopalani, S, Goudarzi, H, Grivna, M, Gugnani, H, Guido, D, Guimaraes, R, Gupta, R, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haider, M, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Hankey, G, Hargono, A, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, M, Hasan, S, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Havmoeller, R, Hayat, K, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Henry, N, Herteliu, C, Hole, M, Holla, R, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Hwang, B, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ikuta, K, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Inamdar, S, Inbaraj, L, Iqbal, K, Iqbal, U, Islam, M, Islam, S, Iso, H, Iwagami, M, Iwu, C, Jaafari, J, Jacobsen, K, Jagnoor, J, Jain, V, Janodia, M, Javaheri, T, Javanmardi, F, Jayaram, S, Jayatilleke, A, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Ji, J, John, O, Jonas, J, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, L, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, 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A., Koulmane Laxminarayana S. L., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Krishnamoorthy V., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kulkarni V., Kumar G. A., Kumar M., Kumar N., Kurmi O. P., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lalloo R., Lami F. H., Landires I., Larsson A. O., Lasrado S., Lassi Z. S., Lauriola P., Lee P. H., Lee S. W. H., Lee Y. H., Leigh J., Leonardi M., Lewycka S., Li B., Li S., Liang J., Lim L. -L., Limenih M. A., Lin R. -T., Liu X., Lodha R., Lopez A. D., Lozano R., Lugo A., Lunevicius R., Mackay M. T., Madhava Kunjathur S., Magnani F. G., Mahadeshwara Prasad D. R., Maheri M., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Maled V., Maleki A., Maleki S., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Malta D. C., Mamun A. A., Mansouri B., Mansournia M. A., Martinez G., Martini S., Martins-Melo F. R., Masoumi S. Z., Maulik P. K., McAlinden C., McGrath J. J., Medina-Solis C. E., Mehrabi Nasab E., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Memish Z. A., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Mengesha E. W., Mensah G. A., Meretoja A., Meretoja T. J., Mersha A. M., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I. M., Miller T. R., Mini G. K., Miri M., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E. M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Moazen B., Moghadaszadeh M., Mohajer B., Mohamad O., Mohammad Y., Mohammadi S. M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A. H., Molokhia M., Monasta L., Mondello S., Moni M. A., Moore C. E., Moradi G., Moradi M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morawska L., Morrison S. D., Mosser J. F., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mustafa G., Naderi M., Nagarajan A. J., Nagaraju S. P., Naghavi M., Naghshtabrizi B., Naimzada M. D., Nangia V., Narasimha Swamy S., Nascimento B. R., Naveed M., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Negoi R. I., Nena E., Nepal S., Netsere H. B., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J. W., Nguyen C. T. Y., Nguyen C. T., Nguyen H. L. T., Nigatu Y. T., Nigussie S. N., Nixon M. R., Nnaji C. A., Nomura S., Noor N. M., Noubiap J. J., Nunez-Samudio V., Nwatah V. E., Oancea B., Odukoya O. O., Ogbo F. A., Olusanya B. O., Olusanya J. O., Omar Bali A., Onwujekwe O. E., Ortiz A., Otoiu A., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., P A M., Padubidri J. R., Pakhale S., Pakshir K., Pal P. K., Palladino R., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Pandi-Perumal S. R., Pangaribuan H. U., Pardo-Montano A. M., Park E. -K., Patel S. K., Patton G. C., Pawar S., Pazoki Toroudi H., Peden A. E., Pepito V. C. F., Peprah E. K., Pereira J., Perez-Gomez J., Perico N., Pesudovs K., Pilgrim T., Pinheiro M., Piradov M. A., Pirsaheb M., Platts-Mills J. A., Pokhrel K. N., Postma M. J., Pourjafar H., Prada S. I., Prakash S., Pupillo E., Quazi Syed Z., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiee A., Rafiei A., Raggi A., Rahimzadeh S., Rahman M. H. U., Rahmani A. M., Ramezanzadeh K., Rana J., Ranabhat C. L., Rao S. J., Rasella D., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Rawasia W. F., Rawassizadeh R., Reiner R. C., Remuzzi G., Renzaho A. M. N., Reshmi B., Resnikoff S., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Riahi S. M., Ribeiro D., Rickard J., Roever L., Ronfani L., Rothenbacher D., Rubagotti E., Rumisha S. F., Ryan P. M., Saddik B., Sadeghi E., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Salahshoor M. R., Salehi S., Salem M. R., Salimzadeh H., Salomon J. A., Samodra Y. L., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Saraswathy S. Y. I., Sarker A. R., Sarrafzadegan N., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sathish T., Sattin D., Saxena S., Saya G. K., Saylan M., Schiavolin S., Schlaich M. P., Schwebel D. C., Schwendicke F., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S. G., Servan-Mori E., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shahabi S., Shahbaz M., Shaheen A. A., Shahid I., Shaikh M. A., Shakiba S., Shalash A. S., Shams-Beyranvand M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sheikh A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shiferaw W. S., Shigematsu M., Shin J. I., Shiri R., Shiue I., Shuval K., Siddiqi T. J., Sidemo N. B., Sigfusdottir I. D., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva J. P., Silverberg J. I. S., Simonetti B., Singh B. B., Singh J. A., Singhal D., Sinha D. N., Skiadaresi E., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Sleet D. A., Sobaih B. H., Sobhiyeh M. R., Soltani S., Soriano J. B., Spurlock E. E., Sreeramareddy C. T., Steiropoulos P., Stokes M. A., Stortecky S., Sufiyan M. B., Suliankatchi Abdulkader R., Sulo G., Swope C. B., Sykes B. L., Szeto M. D., Szocska M., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tadesse E. G., Taherkhani A., Tamiru A. T., Tareque M. I., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Temsah M. -H., Tesfay F. H., Tessema G. A., Tessema Z. T., Thankappan K. R., Thapar R., Tolani M. A., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran B. X., Tripathy J. P., Tsapparellas G., Tsatsakis A., Tudor Car L., Uddin R., Ullah A., Umeokonkwo C. D., Unim B., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Usman M. S., Vacante M., Vaezi M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P. R., Vasankari T. J., Venketasubramanian N., Verma M., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Vo B., Vu G. T., Wado Y. D., Waheed Y., Wamai R. G., Wang Y., Wang Y. -P., Ward P., Werdecker A., Westerman R., Wickramasinghe N. D., Wilner L. B., Wiysonge C. S., Wu A. -M., Wu C., Xie Y., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yamagishi K., Yandrapalli S., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S. -J., Younis M. Z., Yousefi Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yu C., Yusuf S. S., Zaidi S. S., Zaman S. B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zastrozhin M. S., Zastrozhina A., Zhang Y., Zhang Z. -J., Zhao X. -J. G., Ziapour A., Hay S. I., Murray C. J. L., Wang H., and Kassebaum N. J.
Abstract: Background: Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. Methods: We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (U5MR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. Findings: Global U5MR decreased from 71·2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 68·3–74·0) in 2000 to 37·1 (33·2–41·7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28·0 deaths per 1000 live births (26·8–29·5) in 2000 to 17·9 (16·3–19·8) in 2019. In 2019, 136 (67%) of 204 countries had a U5MR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had
Published: 2021

32. The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Alvarez, EM, Force, LM, Xu, R, Compton, K, Lu, D, Henrikson, HJ, Kocarnik, JM, Harvey, JD, Pennini, A, Dean, FE, Fu, W, Vargas, MT, Keegan, THM, Ariffin, H, Barr, RD, Erdomaeva, YA, Gunasekera, DS, John-Akinola, YO, Ketterl, TG, Kutluk, T, Malogolowkin, MH, Mathur, P, Radhakrishnan, V, Ries, LAG, Rodriguez-Galindo, C, Sagoyan, GB, Sultan, I, Abbasi, B, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbastabar, H, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdoli, A, Abebe, H, Abedi, A, Abidi, H, Abolhassani, H, Ali, HA, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Achappa, B, Acuna, JM, Adedeji, IA, Adegboye, OA, Adnani, QES, Advani, SM, Afzal, MS, Meybodi, MA, Ahadinezhad, B, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, MB, Rashid, TA, Salih, YA, Aiman, W, Akalu, GT, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, AlAmodi, AA, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alem, AZ, Alem, DT, Alemayehu, Y, Alhalaiqa, FN, Alhassan, RK, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alkhayyat, M, Alluri, S, Almasri, NA, Al-Maweri, SA, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ameyaw, EK, Amini, S, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anvari, D, Anyasodor, AE, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Argaw, AM, Arshad, M, Arulappan, J, Aryannejad, A, Asemi, Z, Jafarabadi, MA, Atashzar, MR, Atorkey, P, Atreya, A, Attia, S, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awedew, AF, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayele, AD, Ayen, SS, Azab, MA, Azadnajafabad, S, Azami, H, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Jafari, AA, Azarian, G, Azzam, AY, Bahadory, S, Bai, J, Baig, AA, Baker, JL, Banach, M, Barnighausen, TW, Barone-Adesi, F, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Basaleem, H, Batiha, A-MM, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, NC, Belete, R, Belgaumi, UI, Bell, AW, Berhie, AY, Bhagat, DS, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, VS, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Birara, S, Bjorge, T, Bolarinwa, OA, Bolla, SR, Boloor, A, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Bulamu, NB, Burkart, K, Bustamante-Teixeira, MT, Butt, NS, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Cao, C, 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Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zadnik, V, Zahir, M, Moghadam, TZ, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zare, F, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z-J, Ziapour, A, Zoladl, M, Murray, CJL, Fitzmaurice, C, Bleyer, A, Bhakta, N, Gebremeskel, TG, Alvarez, EM, Force, LM, Xu, R, Compton, K, Lu, D, Henrikson, HJ, Kocarnik, JM, Harvey, JD, Pennini, A, Dean, FE, Fu, W, Vargas, MT, Keegan, THM, Ariffin, H, Barr, RD, Erdomaeva, YA, Gunasekera, DS, John-Akinola, YO, Ketterl, TG, Kutluk, T, Malogolowkin, MH, Mathur, P, Radhakrishnan, V, Ries, LAG, Rodriguez-Galindo, C, Sagoyan, GB, Sultan, I, Abbasi, B, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbastabar, H, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdoli, A, Abebe, H, Abedi, A, Abidi, H, Abolhassani, H, Ali, HA, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Achappa, B, Acuna, JM, Adedeji, IA, Adegboye, OA, Adnani, QES, Advani, SM, Afzal, MS, Meybodi, MA, Ahadinezhad, B, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, MB, Rashid, TA, Salih, YA, Aiman, W, Akalu, GT, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, AlAmodi, AA, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alem, AZ, Alem, DT, Alemayehu, Y, Alhalaiqa, FN, Alhassan, RK, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alkhayyat, M, Alluri, S, Almasri, NA, Al-Maweri, SA, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ameyaw, EK, Amini, S, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anvari, D, Anyasodor, AE, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Argaw, AM, Arshad, M, Arulappan, J, Aryannejad, A, Asemi, Z, Jafarabadi, MA, Atashzar, MR, Atorkey, P, Atreya, A, Attia, S, Aujayeb, A, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awedew, AF, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayele, AD, Ayen, SS, Azab, MA, Azadnajafabad, S, Azami, H, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Jafari, AA, Azarian, G, Azzam, AY, Bahadory, S, Bai, J, Baig, AA, Baker, JL, Banach, M, Barnighausen, TW, Barone-Adesi, F, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Basaleem, H, Batiha, A-MM, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, NC, Belete, R, Belgaumi, UI, Bell, AW, Berhie, AY, Bhagat, DS, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, VS, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Birara, S, Bjorge, T, Bolarinwa, OA, Bolla, SR, Boloor, A, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Bulamu, NB, Burkart, K, Bustamante-Teixeira, MT, Butt, NS, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Cao, C, Cao, Y, Carreras, G, Catala-Lopez, F, Cembranel, F, Cerin, E, Chakinala, RC, Chakraborty, PA, Chattu, VK, Chaturvedi, P, Chaurasia, A, Chavan, PP, Chimed-Ochir, O, Choi, J-YJ, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Chung, MT, Conde, J, Costa, VM, Daar, OB, Dadras, O, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Amico, ED, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darwish, AH, Daryani, A, De la Hoz, FP, Debela, SA, Demie, TGG, Demissie, GD, Demissie, ZG, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Molla, MD, Desai, R, Desta, AA, Dhamnetiya, D, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, ML, Dhimal, M, Dianatinasab, M, Didehdar, M, Diress, M, Djalalinia, S, Huyen, PD, Doaei, S, Dorostkar, F, dos Santos, WM, Drake, TM, Ekholuenetale, M, El Sayed, I, Zaki, MES, El Tantawi, M, El-Abid, H, Elbahnasawy, MA, Elbarazi, I, Elhabashy, HR, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, S, Enyew, DB, Erkhembayar, R, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Faisaluddin, M, Fares, J, Farooque, U, Fasanmi, AO, Fatima, W, Ferreira de Oliveira, JMP, Ferrero, S, Desideri, LF, Fetensa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, JL, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gaal, PA, Gad, MM, Gaewkhiew, P, Gallus, S, Garg, T, Gemeda, BNB, Getachew, T, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, S-H, Ghashghaee, A, Ghassemi, F, Ghith, N, Gholami, A, Navashenaq, JG, Gilani, SA, Ginindza, TG, Gizaw, AT, Glasbey, JC, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, BNG, Grada, A, Gubari, MIM, Guerra, MR, Guha, A, Gupta, B, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Haddadi, R, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hailu, A, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halwani, R, Hamadeh, RR, Hambisa, MT, Hameed, S, Hamidi, S, Haque, S, Hariri, S, Haro, JM, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, SMM, Hashemi, SM, Hassan, TS, Hassanipour, S, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Hebo, SH, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Herrera-Serna, BY, Herteliu, C, Heyi, DZ, Hezam, K, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Horita, N, Hossain, MM, Hossain, MB, Hosseini, M-S, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, A, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsairi, M, Huang, J, Hussein, NR, Hwang, B-F, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Innos, K, Irham, LM, Islam, RM, Islam, SMS, Ismail, NE, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Jacob, L, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Janghorban, R, Mamaghani, AJ, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jazayeri, SB, Jebai, R, Jha, RP, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jurisson, M, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kalankesh, LR, Kaliyadan, F, Kamal, Z, Kamath, A, Kandel, H, Kar, SS, Karaye, IM, Karimi, A, Kassa, BG, Kauppila, JH, Bohan, PMK, Kengne, AP, Kerbo, AA, Keykhaei, M, Khader, YS, Khajuria, H, Khalili, N, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khan, M, Khan, MN, Khan, MAB, Khanali, J, Khayamzadeh, M, Khosravizadeh, O, Khubchandani, J, Khundkar, R, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kolahi, A-A, Kopec, JA, Koteeswaran, R, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Kugbey, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kwarteng, A, La Vecchia, C, Lan, Q, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Ledda, C, Lee, S-W, Lee, W-C, Lee, YY, Lee, YH, Leigh, J, Leong, E, Li, B, Li, J, Li, M-C, Lim, SS, Liu, X, Lobo, SW, Loureiro, JA, Lugo, A, Lunevicius, R, Abd El Razek, HM, Razek, MMAE, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Male, S, Malekpour, M-R, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, AA, Mamun, MA, Manafi, N, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martini, S, Masoumi, SZ, Matei, CN, Mathur, MR, McAlinden, C, Mehrotra, R, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mentis, A-FA, Meretoja, TJ, Mersha, AG, Mesregah, MK, Mestrovic, T, Jonasson, JM, Miazgowski, B, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mingude, AB, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirzaei, H, Misra, S, Mithra, P, Mohammad, KA, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadi, SM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, A, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, TA, Moka, N, Mokdad, AH, Molokhia, M, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Moni, MA, Moradi, G, Moradi, Y, Moradzadeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morrison, SD, Mostafavi, E, Khaneghah, AM, Mpundu-Kaambwa, C, Mubarik, S, Mwanri, L, Nabhan, AF, Nagaraju, SP, Nagata, C, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, MD, Naldi, L, Nangia, V, Naqvi, AA, Swamy, SN, Narayana, AI, Nayak, BP, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Nduaguba, SO, Negoi, I, Negru, SM, Nejadghaderi, SA, Nepal, S, Kandel, SN, Nggada, HA, Nguyen, CT, Nnaji, CA, Nosrati, H, Nouraei, H, Nowroozi, A, Nunez-Samudio, V, Nwatah, VE, Nzoputam, CI, Oancea, B, Odukoya, OO, Oguntade, AS, Oh, I-H, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Olakunde, BO, Oluwasanu, MM, Omar, E, Bali, AO, Ong, S, Onwujekwe, OE, Ortega-Altamirano, D, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Oumer, B, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Padron-Monedero, A, Padubidri, JR, Pakshir, K, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Pardhan, S, Kan, FP, Pasovic, M, Patel, JR, Pati, S, Pattanshetty, SM, Paudel, U, Pereira, RB, Peres, MFP, Perianayagam, A, Postma, MJ, Pourjafar, H, Pourshams, A, Prashant, A, Pulakunta, T, Qadir, MMFF, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Radhakrishnan, RA, Rafiee, A, Rafiei, A, Rafiei, S, Rahim, F, Rahimzadeh, S, Rahman, M, Rahman, MA, Rahmani, AM, Rajesh, A, Ramezani-Doroh, V, Ranabhat, K, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, CR, Rao, SJ, Rashedi, S, Rashidi, M-M, Rath, GK, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Razeghinia, MS, Regasa, MT, Renzaho, AMN, Rezaei, M, Rezaei, N, Rezaeian, M, Rezapour, A, Rezazadeh-Khadem, S, Riad, A, Lopez, LER, Rodriguez, JAB, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rwegerera, GM, Saber-Ayad, MM, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghian, S, Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, KM, Sajadi, SM, Salahi, S, Salehi, S, Salem, MR, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Sanmarchi, F, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Sawyer, SM, Saylan, M, Schneider, IJC, Seidu, A-A, Sekerija, M, Sendo, EG, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Seyoum, K, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shaikh, MA, Shamsoddin, E, Shannawaz, M, Sharma, R, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, A, Shetty, BSK, Shetty, PH, Shin, JI, Shirkoohi, R, Shivakumar, KM, Shobeiri, P, Siabani, S, Sibhat, MM, Malleshappa, SKS, Sidemo, NB, Silva, DAS, Julian, GS, Singh, AD, Singh, JA, Singh, JK, Singh, S, Sinke, AH, Sintayehu, Y, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Smith, L, Sofi-Mahmudi, A, Soltani-Zangbar, MS, Song, S, Spurlock, EE, Steiropoulos, P, Straif, K, Subedi, R, Sufiyan, MB, Abdulkader, RS, Sultana, S, Szerencses, V, Szocska, M, Tabaeian, SP, Tabaras-Seisdedos, R, Tabary, M, Tabuchi, T, Tadbiri, H, Taheri, M, Taherkhani, A, Takahashi, K, Tampa, M, Tan, K-K, Tat, VY, Tavakoli, A, Tbakhi, A, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M-H, Tesfay, FH, Tesfaye, B, Thakur, JS, Thapar, R, Thavamani, A, Thiyagarajan, A, Thomas, N, Tobe-Gai, R, Togtmol, M, Tohidast, SA, Tohidinik, HR, Tolani, MA, Tollosa, DN, Touvier, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Traini, E, Bach, XT, Mai, TNT, Tripathy, JP, Tusa, BS, Ukke, GG, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Umapathi, KK, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Ushula, TW, Vacante, M, Tahbaz, SV, Varthya, SB, Veroux, M, Villeneuve, PJ, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Giang, TV, Waheed, Y, Wang, N, Ward, P, Weldesenbet, AB, Wen, YF, Westerman, R, Winkler, AS, Wubishet, BL, Xu, S, Jabbari, SHY, Yang, L, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yazie, TS, Yehualashet, SS, Yeshaneh, A, Yeshaw, Y, Yirdaw, BW, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Yousefi, Z, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zadnik, V, Zahir, M, Moghadam, TZ, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zare, F, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, J, Zhang, Z-J, Ziapour, A, Zoladl, M, Murray, CJL, Fitzmaurice, C, Bleyer, A, Bhakta, N, and Gebremeskel, TG
Abstract: BACKGROUND: In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. METHODS: Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. FINDINGS: There were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11-1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5-65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8-57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14
Published: 2022

33. Investigating the Vagueness Markers and Gender Representation in News Media: A Case Study of Articles Related to COVID-19

Author: Mozaheb, Mohammad Amin, Morsali, Farhad, Rahimian, Mohammad javad, Rahimzadeh, Ghasem, Mozaheb, Mohammad Amin, Morsali, Farhad, Rahimian, Mohammad javad, and Rahimzadeh, Ghasem
Abstract: This paper examines the use of vagueness markers in different news agencies' articles. The articles which are selected as the corpus of this study were related to the coronavirus. In order to examine this issue, 119 articles were randomly selected among nine news agencies. After analyzing the data, the paper finds out that the vagueness markers were used in different news articles, but the most markers used in CNN news agency the related frequency for CNN agency is 94. The Guardian news agency has the lowest number of markers, just 1). Among the markers considered in this paper, More or Less has the highest frequency (157) and sort of had the lowest (2). In the case of gender, it must be noted that women with a frequency of 77 had the highest frequency of using vagueness markers in the news articles. This value for men is 50. According to the paper's findings, we can conclude that the women are more interested in using vagueness markers in their writing.
Published: 2022

34. Monitoring occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in school populations: a wastewater-based approach

Author: Castro-Gutierrez, Victor, Hassard, Francis, Vu, Milan, Leitao, Rodrigo, Burczynska, Beata, Wildeboer, Dirk, Stanton, Isobel, Rahimzadeh, Shadi, Baio, Gianluca, Garelick, Hemda, Hofman, Jan, Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara, Kwiatkowska, Rachel, Majeed, Azeem, Priest, Sally, Grimsley, Jasmine, Lundy, Lian, Singer, Andrew C., Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Castro-Gutierrez, Victor, Hassard, Francis, Vu, Milan, Leitao, Rodrigo, Burczynska, Beata, Wildeboer, Dirk, Stanton, Isobel, Rahimzadeh, Shadi, Baio, Gianluca, Garelick, Hemda, Hofman, Jan, Kasprzyk-Hordern, Barbara, Kwiatkowska, Rachel, Majeed, Azeem, Priest, Sally, Grimsley, Jasmine, Lundy, Lian, Singer, Andrew C., and Di Cesare, Mariachiara
Abstract: Clinical testing of children in schools is challenging, with economic implications limiting its frequent use as a monitoring tool of the risks assumed by children and staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, a wastewater-based epidemiology approach has been used to monitor 16 schools (10 primary, 5 secondary and 1 post-16 and further education) in England. A total of 296 samples over 9 weeks have been analysed for N1 and E genes using qPCR methods. Of the samples returned, 47.3% were positive for one or both genes with a detection frequency in line with the respective local community. WBE offers a low cost, non-invasive approach for supplementing clinical testing and can provide longitudinal insights that are impractical with traditional clinical testing.
Published: 2022

35. Clinical, Functional, and Mental Health Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients 3 Mo After a Diagnosis of COVID-19.

Author: UCL - SSS/IREC/NEFR - Pôle de Néphrologie, UCL - (SLuc) Service de néphrologie, Duivenvoorden, Raphaël, Vart, Priya, Noordzij, Marlies, Soares Dos Santos, Augusto C, Zulkarnaev, Alex B, Franssen, Casper F M, Kuypers, Dirk, Demir, Erol, Rahimzadeh, Hormat, Kerschbaum, Julia, Jager, Kitty J, Turkmen, Kultigin, Hemmelder, Marc H, Schouten, Marcel, Rodríguez-Ferrero, María Luisa, Crespo, Marta, Gansevoort, Ron T, Hilbrands, Luuk B, ERACODA Collaborators, Goffin, Eric, Kanaan, Nada, Labriola, Laura, Devresse, Arnaud, UCL - SSS/IREC/NEFR - Pôle de Néphrologie, UCL - (SLuc) Service de néphrologie, Duivenvoorden, Raphaël, Vart, Priya, Noordzij, Marlies, Soares Dos Santos, Augusto C, Zulkarnaev, Alex B, Franssen, Casper F M, Kuypers, Dirk, Demir, Erol, Rahimzadeh, Hormat, Kerschbaum, Julia, Jager, Kitty J, Turkmen, Kultigin, Hemmelder, Marc H, Schouten, Marcel, Rodríguez-Ferrero, María Luisa, Crespo, Marta, Gansevoort, Ron T, Hilbrands, Luuk B, ERACODA Collaborators, Goffin, Eric, Kanaan, Nada, Labriola, Laura, and Devresse, Arnaud
Abstract: Kidney transplant patients are at high risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related mortality. However, limited data are available on longer-term clinical, functional, and mental health outcomes in patients who survive COVID-19. We analyzed data from adult kidney transplant patients in the European Renal Association COVID-19 Database who presented with COVID-19 between February 1, 2020, and January 31, 2021. We included 912 patients with a mean age of 56.7 (±13.7) y. 26.4% were not hospitalized, 57.5% were hospitalized without need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 16.1% were hospitalized and admitted to the ICU. At 3 mo follow-up survival was 82.3% overall, and 98.8%, 84.2%, and 49.0%, respectively, in each group. At 3 mo follow-up biopsy-proven acute rejection, need for renal replacement therapy, and graft failure occurred in the overall group in 0.8%, 2.6%, and 1.8% respectively, and in 2.1%, 10.6%, and 10.6% of ICU-admitted patients, respectively. Of the surviving patients, 83.3% and 94.4% reached their pre-COVID-19 physician-reported functional and mental health status, respectively, within 3 mo. Of patients who had not yet reached their prior functional and mental health status, their treating physicians expected that 79.6% and 80.0%, respectively, still would do so within the coming year. ICU admission was independently associated with a low likelihood to reach prior functional and mental health status. In kidney transplant recipients alive at 3-mo follow-up, clinical, physician-reported functional, and mental health recovery was good for both nonhospitalized and hospitalized patients. Recovery was, however, less favorable for patients who had been admitted to the ICU.
Published: 2022

36. Frequency-Dependent Ultrasonic Stimulation of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels in Water

Author: Razavi, Atieh, Rutsch, Matthias, Wismath, Sonja, Kupnik, Mario, Klitzing, Regine von, Rahimzadeh, Amin, Razavi, Atieh, Rutsch, Matthias, Wismath, Sonja, Kupnik, Mario, Klitzing, Regine von, and Rahimzadeh, Amin
Abstract: As a novel stimulus, we use high-frequency ultrasonic waves to provide the required energy for breaking hydrogen bonds between Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and water molecules while the solution temperature is maintained below the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT = 32 °C). Ultrasonic waves propagate through the solution and their energy will be absorbed due to the liquid viscosity. The absorbed energy partially leads to the generation of a streaming flow and the rest will be spent to break the hydrogen bonds. Therefore, the microgels collapse and become insoluble in water and agglomerate, resulting in solution turbidity. We use turbidity to quantify the ultrasound energy absorption and show that the acousto-response of PNIPAM microgels is a temporal phenomenon that depends on the duration of the actuation. Increasing the solution concentration leads to a faster turbidity evolution. Furthermore, an increase in ultrasound frequency leads to an increase in the breakage of more hydrogen bonds within a certain time and thus faster turbidity evolution. This is due to the increase in ultrasound energy absorption by liquids at higher frequencies.
Published: 2022

37. Clinical, Functional, and Mental Health Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients 3 Months After a Diagnosis of COVID-19.

Author: Duivenvoorden, Raphaël, Duivenvoorden, Raphaël, Vart, Priya, Noordzij, Marlies, Soares Dos Santos, Augusto C, Zulkarnaev, Alex B, Franssen, Casper FM, Kuypers, Dirk, Demir, Erol, Rahimzadeh, Hormat, Kerschbaum, Julia, Jager, Kitty J, Turkmen, Kultigin, Hemmelder, Marc H, Schouten, Marcel, Rodríguez-Ferrero, María Luisa, Crespo, Marta, Gansevoort, Ron T, Hilbrands, Luuk B, ERACODA Collaborators, Duivenvoorden, Raphaël, Duivenvoorden, Raphaël, Vart, Priya, Noordzij, Marlies, Soares Dos Santos, Augusto C, Zulkarnaev, Alex B, Franssen, Casper FM, Kuypers, Dirk, Demir, Erol, Rahimzadeh, Hormat, Kerschbaum, Julia, Jager, Kitty J, Turkmen, Kultigin, Hemmelder, Marc H, Schouten, Marcel, Rodríguez-Ferrero, María Luisa, Crespo, Marta, Gansevoort, Ron T, Hilbrands, Luuk B, and ERACODA Collaborators
Abstract: BackgroundKidney transplant patients are at high risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related mortality. However, limited data are available on longer-term clinical, functional, and mental health outcomes in patients who survive COVID-19.MethodsWe analyzed data from adult kidney transplant patients in the European Renal Association COVID-19 Database who presented with COVID-19 between February 1, 2020, and January 31, 2021.ResultsWe included 912 patients with a mean age of 56.7 (±13.7) y. 26.4% were not hospitalized, 57.5% were hospitalized without need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 16.1% were hospitalized and admitted to the ICU. At 3 mo follow-up survival was 82.3% overall, and 98.8%, 84.2%, and 49.0%, respectively, in each group. At 3 mo follow-up biopsy-proven acute rejection, need for renal replacement therapy, and graft failure occurred in the overall group in 0.8%, 2.6%, and 1.8% respectively, and in 2.1%, 10.6%, and 10.6% of ICU-admitted patients, respectively. Of the surviving patients, 83.3% and 94.4% reached their pre-COVID-19 physician-reported functional and mental health status, respectively, within 3 mo. Of patients who had not yet reached their prior functional and mental health status, their treating physicians expected that 79.6% and 80.0%, respectively, still would do so within the coming year. ICU admission was independently associated with a low likelihood to reach prior functional and mental health status.ConclusionsIn kidney transplant recipients alive at 3-mo follow-up, clinical, physician-reported functional, and mental health recovery was good for both nonhospitalized and hospitalized patients. Recovery was, however, less favorable for patients who had been admitted to the ICU.
Published: 2022

38. Numerical simulation of injection-induced seismicity

Author: Vilarrasa, Víctor, Wu, Haiqing, Vaezi, Iman, Tangirala, Sri Kalyan, Boyet, Auregan, De Simone, Silvia, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Wu, Haiqing, Vaezi, Iman, Tangirala, Sri Kalyan, Boyet, Auregan, De Simone, Silvia, and Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh
Abstract: Geo-energies, such as geothermal energy, geologic carbon storage, and subsurface energy storage, will play a relevant role in reaching carbon neutrality and allowing net-carbon removal towards the midcentury. Geo-energies imply fluid injection into and/or production from the subsurface, which alter the initial effective stress state and may destabilize fractures and faults, thereby inducing seismicity. Understanding the processes that control induced seismicity is paramount to develop reliable forecasting tools to manage induced earthquakes and keep them below undesired levels. Accurately modeling the processes that occur during fracture/fault slip leading to induced seismicity is challenging because coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes interact with each other: (1) fluid injection causes pore pressure buildup that changes total stress and deforms the rock, (2) deformation leads to permeability changes that affect pore pressure diffusion, (3) fluids reach the injection formation at a colder temperature than that of the rock, which cools down the vicinity of the well, causing changes in the fluid properties (density, viscosity, enthalpy, heat capacity) and cooling-induced stress reduction, (4) the injected fluids are not in chemical equilibrium with the host rock, leading to geochemical reactions of mineral dissolution/precipitation that may alter rock properties, in particular, the shear strength. In the framework of GEoREST (www.georest.eu), a Starting Grant from the European Research Council (ERC), we aim at developing forecasting tools for injection-induced seismicity by developing methodologies to efficiently simulate the coupled THMC processes that occur as a result of fluid injection, which allows us to improve the understanding of the mechanisms that trigger induced seismicity. To this end, we use the fully coupled finite element method software CODE_BRIGHT, which includes capabilities like friction following the Mohr-Coulomb failure crit
Published: 2022

39. The presence of distant faults may extend the spatiotemporal seismic footprint of reservoir stimulation in enhanced geothermal systems

Author: Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Kim, K.-I., Yoo, H., Min, K.-B., Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Kim, K.-I., Yoo, H., and Min, K.-B.
Published: 2022

40. Understanding the seismic risks of thermal stressing and local pore pressure changes in hot sedimentary aquifers

Author: Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Pujades, Estanislao, Rutqvist, J., Vilarrasa, Víctor, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Pujades, Estanislao, Rutqvist, J., and Vilarrasa, Víctor
Published: 2022

41. Hydro-mechanical simulation of Opalinus Clay to the CO2 long-term periodic injection experiment

Author: Sciandra, Dario, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Sciandra, Dario, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, and Vilarrasa, Víctor
Published: 2022

42. Multi-Layered Systems for Permanent Geologic Storage of CO2 at the Gigatonne Scale

Author: European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), 0000-0002-7150-0411, 0000-0003-3828-7898, 0000-0002-0132-6016, 0000-0002-7949-9785, 0000-0003-1169-4469, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Makhnenko, Roman Y., Oldenburg, C. M., Rutqvist, Jonny, Vilarrasa, Víctor, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), 0000-0002-7150-0411, 0000-0003-3828-7898, 0000-0002-0132-6016, 0000-0002-7949-9785, 0000-0003-1169-4469, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Makhnenko, Roman Y., Oldenburg, C. M., Rutqvist, Jonny, and Vilarrasa, Víctor
Abstract: The effectiveness of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) as an imperative decarbonization technology relies on the sealing capacity of a fine-grained caprock to permanently store CO2 deep underground. Uncertainties in assessing the caprock sealing capacity increase with the spatial and temporal scales and may delay CCS deployment at the gigatonne scale. We have developed a computationally efficient transport model to capture the dynamics of basin-wide upward CO2 migration in a multi-layered setting over geological time scales. We find that massive capillary breakthrough and viscous flow of CO2, even through pervasively fractured caprocks, are unlikely to occur and compromise the storage security. Potential leakage from the injection reservoir is hampered by repetitive layering of overlying caprocks. This finding agrees with geologic intuition and should be understandable by the public, contributing to the development of climate policies around this technology with increased confidence that CO2 will be indefinitely contained in the subsurface.
Published: 2022

43. A three-dimensional hydro-mechanical modeling of shaly caprock for CO2 long-term periodic injection experiment (CO2LPIE)

Author: Sciandra, Dario, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Makhnenko, Roman Y., Nussbaum, C., Rebscher, D., Vilarrasa, Víctor, Sciandra, Dario, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Makhnenko, Roman Y., Nussbaum, C., Rebscher, D., and Vilarrasa, Víctor
Published: 2022

44. Thermal stressing is likely to reactivate distant faults in hot sedimentary aquifers

Author: Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Pujades, Estanislao, Rutqvist, Jonny, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Pujades, Estanislao, Rutqvist, Jonny, and Vilarrasa, Víctor
Abstract: The widespread development of geothermal energy is deemed to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon future. Hot Sedimentary Aquifers (HSA) provide cost-effective and non-intermittent geothermal resources. However, HSA development has reportedly been associated with seismic events, harming the public perception of exploiting these resources. This work digs deeper into thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) mechanisms raised by water circulation in a HSA and their control on fault reactivation. We numerically simulate the problem by a 2D plane-strain model. The model consists of a porous and permeable hot aquifer sandwiched between the tight seal and base rocks and laterally bounded by two normal faults, representative of extensional tectonic environments. The horizontal injection-production well pairs are spaced 500 m apart at the middle of the aquifer, and the faults are located on each side of the doublet at a distance of 1 km. We consider two scenarios: low-permeability faults, mimicking a compartmentalized reservoir, and high-permeability faults, across which fluid flow takes place with further ease. We show that the fault permeability governs the hydraulic response of the reservoir. While the pore pressure slightly increases around the injector and decreases around the producer for the case of high-permeability faults, the compartmentalized reservoir experiences a global pore pressure decline. The latter is supported by the fact that the injected cold water is denser than the extracted hot water and occupies less space in the pore system. As soon as the thermal breakthrough occurs, which is after 12 years in the current setting, a more uniform temperature distribution across the doublet is established and the pressure begins to increase in the vicinity of the injector. Provided the high permeability of the reservoir rock, pore pressure and poroelastic stress perturbations impose rapid but minor effects on the fault stability. On the contrary, the cooling front formed
Published: 2022

45. 3D Hydro-Mechanical Modeling of Shaly Caprock Response to CO2 Long-Term Periodic Injection Experiment (CO2LPIE)

Author: Sciandra, Dario, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Makhnenko, Roman Y., Jaeggi, D., Rebscher, D., Sciandra, Dario, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Makhnenko, Roman Y., Jaeggi, D., and Rebscher, D.
Abstract: Carbon capture and storage in deep geological formations is necessary to achieve a meaningful reduction of anthropogenic CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Given the buoyancy of the injected CO2, it is essential to adequately characterize the sealing caprocks commonly comprised of clay-rich formations, including shales. If the inherent anisotropy of shales is not considered, model prediction errors will propagate with time and space. To limit errors, the accurate experimental laboratory measurements should be scaled up and the in-situ behavior of the caprock should be studied in detail. Underground rock laboratories (URLs) offer a unique opportunity to investigate the caprock sealing capacity at a few meters scale in a well-defined and well-monitored environment. This perspective applies to the CO2 Long-term Periodic Injection Experiment (CO2LPIE) at the Swiss Mont Terri URL. In the experiment, it is planned to inject gaseous CO2 into Opalinus Clay, which is considered as a representative caprock for underground storage. Opalinus Clay shows large-scale anisotropic behavior due to the presence of bedding planes and heteorogeneities. We numerically simulate the CO2LPIE experiment using a 3D hydro-mechanical model and assuming linear poroelastic transverse isotropic behavior of the rock. We find that the CO2 is unlikely to penetrate the rock in free phase, while the diffusive front of dissolved CO2 in resident brine hardly propagates half a meter after two years of injection. The overpressure and induced deformation and stress changes preferentially develop along the bedding planes, although not sufficiently to lead to shear failure.
Published: 2022

46. Hydro-mechanical response of opalinus clay in the CO2 long-term periodic injection experiment (CO2LPIE) at the Mont Terri rock laboratory

Author: European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), 0000-0001-5988-8903, Sciandra, Dario, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Makhnenko, Roman Y., Rebscher, Dorothee, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), 0000-0001-5988-8903, Sciandra, Dario, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Vilarrasa, Víctor, Makhnenko, Roman Y., and Rebscher, Dorothee
Abstract: Guaranteeing the sealing capacity of caprocks becomes paramount as CO2 storage scales up to the gigaton scale. A significant number of laboratory experiments have been performed with samples of intact rock, showing that low-permeability and high-entry pressure caprocks have excellent sealing capacities to contain CO2 deep underground. However, discontinuities, such as bedding planes, fractures and faults, affect the rock properties at the field scale, being at the same time challenging to monitor in industrial-scale applications. To bridge these two spatial scales, Underground Research Laboratories (URLs) provide a perfect setting to investigate the field-scale sealing capacity of caprocks under a well-monitored environment. In particular, the CO2 Long-term Periodic Injection Experiment (CO2LPIE) at the Mont Terri rock laboratory, Switzerland, aims at quantifying the advance of CO2 in Opalinus Clay, an anisotropic clay-rich rock with bedding planes dipping 45° at the experiment location. To assist in the design of CO2LPIE and have an initial estimate of the system response, we perform plane-strain coupled Hydro-Mechanical simulations using a linear transversely isotropic poroelastic model of periodic CO2 injection for 20 years. Simulation results show that pore pressure changes and the resulting stress variations are controlled by the anisotropic behavior of the material, producing a preferential advance along the bedding planes. CO2 cannot penetrate into Opalinus Clay due to the strong capillary effects in the nanoscale pores, but advances dissolved into the resident brine. We find that the pore pressure oscillations imposed at the injection well are attenuated within tens of cm, requiring a close location of the monitoring boreholes with respect to the injection interval to observe the periodic signal. Article highlights: Underground rock laboratory experiments permit examining the caprock sealing capacity at a representative scale for CO2 storage;We per
Published: 2022

47. Unknown Face Presentation Attack Detection via Localised Learning of Multiple Kernels

Author: Arashloo, Shervin Rahimzadeh and Arashloo, Shervin Rahimzadeh
Abstract: The paper studies face spoofing, a.k.a. presentation attack detection (PAD) in the demanding scenarios of unknown types of attack. While earlier studies have revealed the benefits of ensemble methods, and in particular, a multiple kernel learning approach to the problem, one limitation of such techniques is that they typically treat the entire observation space similarly and ignore any variability and local structure inherent to the data. This work studies this aspect of the face presentation attack detection problem in relation to multiple kernel learning in a one-class setting to benefit from intrinsic local structure in bona fide face samples. More concretely, inspired by the success of the one-class Fisher null formalism, we formulate a convex localised multiple kernel learning algorithm by imposing a joint matrix-norm constraint on the collection of local kernel weights and infer locally adaptive weights for zero-shot one-class unseen attack detection. We present a theoretical study of the proposed localised MKL algorithm using Rademacher complexities to characterise its generalisation capability and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed technique over some other options. An assessment of the proposed approach on general object image datasets illustrates its efficacy for abnormality and novelty detection while the results of the experiments on face PAD datasets verifies its potential in detecting unknown/unseen face presentation attacks.
Published: 2022

48. ROCT-Net: A new ensemble deep convolutional model with improved spatial resolution learning for detecting common diseases from retinal OCT images

Author: Rahimzadeh, Mohammad, Mohammadi, Mahmoud Reza, Rahimzadeh, Mohammad, and Mohammadi, Mahmoud Reza
Abstract: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging is a well-known technology for visualizing retinal layers and helps ophthalmologists to detect possible diseases. Accurate and early diagnosis of common retinal diseases can prevent the patients from suffering critical damages to their vision. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems can significantly assist ophthalmologists in improving their examinations. This paper presents a new enhanced deep ensemble convolutional neural network for detecting retinal diseases from OCT images. Our model generates rich and multi-resolution features by employing the learning architectures of two robust convolutional models. Spatial resolution is a critical factor in medical images, especially the OCT images that contain tiny essential points. To empower our model, we apply a new post-architecture model to our ensemble model for enhancing spatial resolution learning without increasing computational costs. The introduced post-architecture model can be deployed to any feature extraction model to improve the utilization of the feature map's spatial values. We have collected two open-source datasets for our experiments to make our models capable of detecting six crucial retinal diseases: Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), Central Serous Retinopathy (CSR), Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV), Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), and Drusen alongside the normal cases. Our experiments on two datasets and comparing our model with some other well-known deep convolutional neural networks have proven that our architecture can increase the classification accuracy up to 5%. We hope that our proposed methods create the next step of CAD systems development and help future researches. The code of this paper is shared at https://github.com/mr7495/OCT-classification., Comment: This is a preprint of an article published in the ICCKE 2021 conference. The final authenticated version is available online at https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCKE54056.2021.9721471. The code of this paper is shared at https://github.com/mr7495/OCT-classification
Published: 2022
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49. An advanced computational intelligent framework to predict shear sonic velocity with application to mechanical rock classification

Author: Safaei-Farouji, Majid, Hasannezhad, Meysam, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Hemmati-Sarapardeh, Abdolhossein, Safaei-Farouji, Majid, Hasannezhad, Meysam, Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, and Hemmati-Sarapardeh, Abdolhossein
Abstract: Shear sonic wave velocity (Vs) has a wide variety of implications, from reservoir management and development to geomechanical and geophysical studies. In the current study, two approaches were adopted to predict shear sonic wave velocities (Vs) from several petrophysical well logs, including gamma ray (GR), density (RHOB), neutron (NPHI), and compressional sonic wave velocity (Vp). For this purpose, five intelligent models of random forest (RF), extra tree (ET), Gaussian process regression (GPR), and the integration of adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) with differential evolution (DE) and imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) optimizers were implemented. In the first approach, the target was estimated based only on Vp, and the second scenario predicted Vs from the integration of Vp, GR, RHOB, and NPHI inputs. In each scenario, 8061 data points belonging to an oilfield located in the southwest of Iran were investigated. The ET model showed a lower average absolute percent relative error (AAPRE) compared to other models for both approaches. Considering the first approach in which the Vp was the only input, the obtained AAPRE values for RF, ET, GPR, ANFIS + DE, and ANFIS + ICA models are 1.54%, 1.34%, 1.54%, 1.56%, and 1.57%, respectively. In the second scenario, the achieved AAPRE values for RF, ET, GPR, ANFIS + DE, and ANFIS + ICA models are 1.25%, 1.03%, 1.16%, 1.63%, and 1.49%, respectively. The Williams plot proved the validity of both one-input and four-inputs ET model. Regarding the ET model constructed based on only one variable,Williams plot interestingly showed that all 8061 data points are valid data. Also, the outcome of the Leverage approach for the ET model designed with four inputs highlighted that there are only 240 "out of leverage" data sets. In addition, only 169 data are suspected. Also, the sensitivity analysis results typified that the Vp has a higher effect on the target parameter (Vs) than other implemented inputs. Overall, the sec
Published: 2022

50. Two-Phase Flow Mechanisms Controlling CO2 Intrusion into Shaly Caprock

Author: European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Vilarrasa, Víctor [0000-0003-1169-4469], Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Makhnenko, Roman Y., Vilarrasa, Víctor, European Research Council, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Vilarrasa, Víctor [0000-0003-1169-4469], Kivi, Iman Rahimzadeh, Makhnenko, Roman Y., and Vilarrasa, Víctor
Abstract: Geologic carbon storage in deep saline aquifers has emerged as a promising technique to mitigate climate change. CO2 is buoyant at the storage conditions and tends to float over the resident brine jeopardizing long-term containment goals. Therefore, the caprock sealing capacity is of great importance and requires detailed assessment. We perform supercritical CO2 injection experiments on shaly caprock samples (intact caprock and fault zone) under representative subsurface conditions. We numerically simulate the experiments, satisfactorily reproducing the observed evolution trends. Simulation results highlight the dynamics of CO2 flow through the specimens with implications to CO2 leakage risk assessment in field practices. The large injection-induced overpressure drives CO2 in free phase into the caprock specimens. However, the relative permeability increase following the drainage path is insufficient to provoke an effective advancement of the free-phase CO2. As a result, the bulk CO2 front becomes almost immobile. This implies that the caprock sealing capacity is unlikely to be compromised by a rapid capillary breakthrough and the injected CO2 does not penetrate deep into the caprock. In the long term, the intrinsically slow molecular diffusion appears to dominate the migration of CO2 dissolved into brine. Nonetheless, the inherently tortuous nature of shaly caprock further holds back the diffusive flow, favoring safe underground storage of CO2 over geological time scales.
Published: 2022

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