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Svrha: Željelo se procijeniti koliki je utjecaj spola na vrstu dentalne traume, njezinu etiologiju, lokaciju, učestalost i postupak zbrinjavanja. Materijali i metode: Odabran je presjek populacije školske djece od 590 ispitanika u dobi od 7 do 14 godina iz brazilskoga grada Campina Grande. Kliničke preglede obavili su stručni i iskusni ispitivači (intra- i inter- vrijednosti kappa testova: 0,87 i 0,0). Podaci su svrstani prema vrsti traume, njezinoj etiologiji, lokaciji i frekvenciji te postupku zbrinjavanja. Chi-square i Fischerov test koristili su se s 5-postotnom razinom značajnosti. Rezultati: Rasprostranjenost dentalne traume u populaciji iznosila je 12,7 posto, s većom frekvencijom kod dječaka (17 % x 9 %; p = 0,003). Nije bilo značajnijih razlika između spolova kod sljedećih varijabli: godina (p = 0,975), vrsta trauma (p = 0,843), broja zahvaćenih zuba (p = 0,735), etiologije (p = 0,6161), lokacije (p = 0,128) i razloga za nesaniranje dentalne traume (p = 0,217). Zaključak: Pokazalo se da spol utječe na ishod samo kad je riječ o frekvenciji, naime dentalne traume češće su kod dječaka., Objective: To assess the influence of gender on dental trauma type, etiology, location of occurrence and conduct regarding dental treatment. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out including 590 schoolchildren aged 07 to 14 years at public schools in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil. Clinical exams were performed by two duly calibrated examiners (intraand inter-examiner kappa agreement values: 0.87 and 0.90, respectively). Data were recorded as to the type of trauma, etiology, location of occurrence and conduct regarding treatment. The chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used with a 5% significance level. Results: The prevalence of dental trauma was 12.7%, with greater frequency in the male gender (17% x 9%; p = 0.003). No significant differences between genders were found with regard to the following variables: age group (p = 0.975), type of trauma (p = 0.843), number of teeth affected (p = 0.735), etiology (p = 0.616), location of occurrence (p = 0.128) and reason for not seeking dental treatment (p = 0.217). Conclusion: Gender was found to have an influence on the outcome only with regard to frequency, with a greater occurrence of dental trauma among males.

Svrha: Otopine za ispiranje usta često su prvi izbor u slučaju kemijske kontrole zubnog biofilma. Željelo se in vitro procijeniti kakva je osjetljivost bakterije Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 10557) na komercijalne otopine za ispiranje usta koje se prodaju na brazilskom tržištu. Metode: Procjenjivalo se sedam otopina: Equate®, Colgate Plax Overnight®, Sanifill®, Cepacol Cool Citrus® i Oral-B® (cetylpyridinium chlorid – cetilpiridinij klorid), Listerine® (thymol – timol) i Peroxyl® (hydrogen peroxid – vodikov peroksid). Otopina 0,12-postotnog klorheksidin diglukonata (Periogard®) bila je pozitivna kontrola. Određivao se antibakterijski učinak sedam različitih razrjeđenja (od 1:0 do 1:32) i najveće razrjeđenje s inhibitornim učinkom (MID) u Müller–Hintonovu agaru s dodatkom pet posto krvi. U svaku mikrojažicu s krutom hranjivom podlogom uliveno je 50 mikrolitara pripremljene otopine te je inkubirana 24 sata na temperaturi od 37oC. Analiza MID-a temeljila se na zonama inhibicije bakterijskog rasta (u milimetrima) stvorenima oko utora (razmatrale su se samo one s promjerom ≥10 mm). Rezultati: Dobiveni su sljedeći podaci o MID-u: za Equate® i Oral-B® –1 : 2, za Sanifill® – 1 : 1, te za Plax®, Cepacol® i Periogard® – 1 : 4. Peroxyl® i Listerine® nisu antibakterijski djelovali na S. oralis. Zaključeno je da Streptococcus oralis predstavlja dokaz o osjetljivosti soja na otopine za ispiranje usta koje su korištene u ovom istraživanju, osim kad je riječ o Peroxylu® i Listerinu®. Zaključak: Rezultati pokazuju da su cetilpiridinijev klorid i klorheksidin glukonat (cetylpyridinium chloride i chlorhexidine gluconate), kao glavni aktivni sastojci ispitanih otopina za ispiranje usta, važni spojevi u kemijskoj kontroli zubnog biofilma., Aim: The use of mouthwashes represents, in many cases, the first option for the chemical control of dental biofilm. To evaluate in vitro susceptibility of Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 10557) to commercial mouthwashes available on the Brazilian market. Methods: Seven mouthwashes were evaluated: Equate®, Colgate Plax Overnight®, Sanifill®, Cepacol Cool Citrus® and Oral-B® (cetylpyridinium chloride), Listerine® (Thymol) and Peroxyl® (hydrogen peroxide). A 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate oral rinse (Periogard®) served as a positive control. The antibacterial activity of the mouthwashes in 7 dilutions (1:0 to 1:32) was evaluated by determining the maximum inhibitory dilution (MID) in Muller Hinton agar supplemented with 5% blood. Fifty microliters of each ready-to-use solution and their dilutions were poured into wells perforated in the solid culture medium and the dishes were incubated in bacteriological incubators at 37oC for 24 hours. The analysis of MID data was based on the measurement of the zones of bacterial growth inhibition (in mm) formed around the wells (only inhibition zones with a diameter ≥10 mm were considered). Results: The following MIDs were obtained: 1:2 for Equate® and Oral-B®, 1:1 for Sanifill®, and 1:4 for Plax®, Cepacol® and Periogard®. Peroxyl® and Listerine® did not show antibacterial activity against S. oralis. In conclusion, S. oralis presented susceptibility to the mouthwashes evaluated in this study, except for Peroxyl® and Listerine®. Conclusion: These results suggest that cetylpyridinium chloride and chlorhexidine gluconate, which are the most important active components of the tested brands of mouthwashes, are important agents in the chemical control of dental biofilm.