Search

Regional input-output analysis is a widely used tool for regional scientists to study economic, social and environmental phenomena. Ever since its first steps, regional input-output analysis has suffered from the lack of adequate and detailed data at different subnational levels. The problem becomes particularly acute in less developed regions, where resources to gather information are seldom available. Scholars agree in that hybrid approaches to construct regional input-output models are the most cost-effective alternative. The aim of this thesis is to expand the toolbox that regional input-output modellers have in hand with new hybrid techniques. In this vein, I introduce three methodological alternatives that relax information requirements to solve certain modelling challenges.

This thesis provides a comprehensive empirical study of the association between economic complexity and income inequality from a multilevel macro perspective. It explores the relationship between economic complexity and income inequality across the countries and regions of the OECD, with a particular focus on regional income inequality in Spain. This relationship is assessed using regression analysis throughout three parts focusing on different income inequality measurements as the dependent variables and the national and regional Economic Complexity Index as the explanatory variables. Part I focuses on the impact of economic complexity on national income inequality. The study finds that economic complexity negatively correlates with national income inequality across OECD countries. Part II looks at interregional inequalities, evaluating the impact economic complexity has on the level of regional inequalities across the OECD countries. The study cannot find a significant relationship between the variables. However, Part III, which focuses more specifically on the association between regional inequalities and economic complexity across Spanish regions, shows that regions with higher Economic Complexity Index levels also have higher income levels. Therefore, divergence over time because of differing economic complexity levels cannot be ruled out. Additionally, Part III assesses the effects of economic complexity on within-regional inequalities across the Spanish provinces. It finds that economic complexity is correlated with lower income inequality levels across the Spanish provinces, especially in predominantly urban and urban-rural mixed regions. The study also shows that the Economic Complexity Index better predicts income equality than GDP.

Provides information about the resources produced by U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration. These resources cover energy statistics for U.S., states, the United States, and foreign countries. They also cover energy products as varied as coal, natural gas, nuclear energy, petroleum, and renewable energy.

Provides information about the resources produced by U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Information Administration. These resources cover energy statistics for U.S., states, the United States, and foreign countries. They also cover energy products as varied as coal, natural gas, nuclear energy, petroleum, and renewable energy.

In this article, the evolution of the economy of the Province of San Luis will be compared in relation to the national economic evolution, paying special attention to the impact of the economic policy of industrial promotion between the years 1982 and 2012. For this will study the gestation of this policy of incentives and the interests at stake of the social groups that intervened. In addition, the international context will be taken into account as a result of the profound changes that the world economic system was undergoing towards the end of the millennium. We will be used the information from the national censuses of both population and industrial, agricultural and livestock, as well as the evolution of the P.B.G. for some of the years under analysis, and other indicators. The approach will be carried out considering the province within a general international and national context in which the process of accumulation of local capital is inscribed, not being the national and sub-national levels independent of the world economic system, the international division of labor and the international economic insertion of our country. Thus, this work aims to be a starting point to evaluate the relevance of the «Historical Reparation» and to carry out a more complete analysis of the industrialization process developed as a result of the National Law of Industrial Promotion and its application at the provincial level., En el presente artículo se comparará la evolución de la economía de la Provincia de San Luis en relación con la evolución económica nacional prestando especial atención al impacto de la política económica de promoción industrial entre los años 1982 y 2012. Para ello se estudiará la gestación de esta política de incentivos y los intereses en juego de los grupos sociales que intervinieron. Además se tendrá en cuenta el contexto internacional a raíz de los profundos cambios que estaba teniendo el sistema económico mundial hacia fines del milenio. Se utilizará la información de los censos nacionales tanto de población como así también industriales, agropecuarios y ganaderos, como así también la evolución del P.B.G. para algunos de los años bajo análisis, y otros indicadores. El abordaje se realizará pensando a la provincia dentro de un contexto general internacional y nacional en donde se inscribe el proceso de acumulación de capital local, no siendo los niveles nacionales y subnacionales independientes del sistema económico mundial, la división del trabajo internacional y la inserción económica internacional de nuestro país. Así este trabajo pretende ser un punto de partida para evaluar la pertinencia de la “Reparación Histórica” y realizar un análisis más acabado del proceso de industrialización desarrollado a raíz de la Ley Nacional de Promoción Industrial y su aplicación a nivel provincial.

The housing market is one of the most important markets for many economic agents. Large differences in the local market across Sweden suggest regional heterogeneity, however. This study aims to answer if the price and income elasticities of demand for small houses vary between different types of Swedish municipalities. This answer is explored in the light of the central place theory and location theory to see if they follow a hierarchal structure across space. To test this empirically, the 290 municipalities were grouped based on the Swedish Association of Local Authority and Regions’ definitions and tested group-wise using a log-log fixed-effect average hedonic price model using data for 2013-2020. The main findings indicate some differences in the estimates of price and income elasticities between different types of municipalities, but mixing results whether they follow a hierarchal relationship. The conclusions changes depending on which scale one measure, which indicate how local the housing market is.

This thesis analyzes the relation between female representation in private sector decision-making positions and the two predicted variables: the gender wage gap and the average female private-sector wage. Using regional data for Sweden’s 290 municipalities during the year 2014- 2018, OLS and panel fixed effect regression analysis is performed. A gender wage gap exists in all of Sweden’s municipalities. It is found that an increase in the representation of female decision-makers in the private sector significantly adds to the narrowing of the gender wage gap. The relation between female representation in private sector decision-making and average female wages is not found significant. Municipalities can use these findings as motivations for the importance of promoting female managers and when working to reduce the stigma and social norms surrounding females in decision-making positions.

Provides detailed coverage of information resources produced by the U.S. Department of Transportation's Maritime Administration (MARAD). This organization is responsible for regulating U.S. waterborne transportation including ships and shipping, port and vessel operations, the environment, safety, the U.S. Merchant Marine, and national security including the need to enhance national surge capability in wartime of time of national emergency. Presentation includes coverage of this organization's history, current congressional oversight, and the roles played in maritime shipping by other U.S. Government agencies, and non-governmental professional organizations.

The housing market is one of the most important markets for many economic agents. Large differences in the local market across Sweden suggest regional heterogeneity, however. This study aims to answer if the price and income elasticities of demand for small houses vary between different types of Swedish municipalities. This answer is explored in the light of the central place theory and location theory to see if they follow a hierarchal structure across space. To test this empirically, the 290 municipalities were grouped based on the Swedish Association of Local Authority and Regions’ definitions and tested group-wise using a log-log fixed-effect average hedonic price model using data for 2013-2020. The main findings indicate some differences in the estimates of price and income elasticities between different types of municipalities, but mixing results whether they follow a hierarchal relationship. The conclusions changes depending on which scale one measure, which indicate how local the housing market is.

Air transport plays an important role in maintaining regional connectivity and accessibility, which links geographically dispersed areas of New Zealand. The regional aviation subsidy policy vacuum in New Zealand highlights the need to understand the relationship between aviation subsidies and regional wellbeing outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic has devastated economies and many sectors worldwide, including the aviation industry, which has also amplified the challenges for smaller, financially fragile regional airlines and airports in New Zealand. Therefore, this PhD thesis aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the inter-relationships among aviation subsidies, air transport activity, and regional wellbeing by investigating the case of New Zealand. Chapter 1 systematically reviews the prior literature and publications for obtaining a better understanding of how aviation subsidies and their relationship with regional wellbeing have been researched, which provide an initial foundation for the other chapters in this thesis. The findings highlight the effects of aviation subsidies on various facets of regional wellbeing and imply that the full picture of aviation subsidies’ impacts on regional wellbeing remains uncertain. Chapter 2 delineates stakeholders’ perspectives and opinions about the key air transport and regional wellbeing indicators that need to be considered for designing and implementing aviation subsidies. The findings highlight the necessity of integrating economic and social wellbeing into regional subsidy policy design and implementation. Chapter 3 analyses the inter-relationships among aviation subsidies (i.e. airport subsidies), air transport activity, and regional wellbeing during the pre-COVID era. The findings indicate that the provision of airport subsidies benefited smaller and remote airports/regions and stimulated airline services, thereby promoting regional economic prosperity. Moreover, the results suggest that airport authorities in Ne

We analyze the Programa para el Bienestar de las Personas Adultas Mayores, for which its operation rules were modified for the 2019 fiscal year (target population and amount of cash transfer). Through the social accounting matrices for north, north center, center and south of Mexico, we simulate the expansive and redistributive effects of this changes. We conclude that the central region of Mexico is the one that is most benefited in comparison with the rest of the country. However, it is in the southern region where there is a further expansion in the income of the poorest., Analizamos el Programa para el Bienestar de las Personas Adultas Mayores, cuyas reglas de operación fueron modificadas en el ejercicio fiscal 2019 (población objetivo y monto del apoyo). A través de las matrices de contabilidad social para las regiones norte, centro, centro norte y sur de México, simulamos los efectos expansivos y redistributivos de los cambios en el programa. Concluimos que la región centro es la más beneficiada, en comparación con el resto del país. No obstante, en la región sur se registra la mayor expansión en el ingreso de los más pobres.

This thesis analyzes the relation between female representation in private sector decision-making positions and the two predicted variables: the gender wage gap and the average female private-sector wage. Using regional data for Sweden’s 290 municipalities during the year 2014- 2018, OLS and panel fixed effect regression analysis is performed. A gender wage gap exists in all of Sweden’s municipalities. It is found that an increase in the representation of female decision-makers in the private sector significantly adds to the narrowing of the gender wage gap. The relation between female representation in private sector decision-making and average female wages is not found significant. Municipalities can use these findings as motivations for the importance of promoting female managers and when working to reduce the stigma and social norms surrounding females in decision-making positions.

Provides detailed coverage of information resources produced by the U.S. Department of Transportation's Maritime Administration (MARAD). This organization is responsible for regulating U.S. waterborne transportation including ships and shipping, port and vessel operations, the environment, safety, the U.S. Merchant Marine, and national security including the need to enhance national surge capability in wartime of time of national emergency. Presentation includes coverage of this organization's history, current congressional oversight, and the roles played in maritime shipping by other U.S. Government agencies, and non-governmental professional organizations.

This dissertation advances new arguments about regional integration in Africa. It sheds light on the roles of regional economic communities (RECs) for small-economy states in Africa by examining the benefits and drawbacks of participating in such regional groups for both the small states themselves and their ruling regimes. The study suggests that RECs, rather than being agents of economic development, facilitate regime-boosting agendas of neopatrimonial regimes, promote a sense of (false) sovereignty, and entrench the political elite’s capture of the states. The significance is threefold. First, it suggests that RECs provide an extension of neopatrimonial networks, which expand state-capture by specific political elites at regional levels. Neopatrimonialism refers to the lack of distinction between private and public interests in the state apparatus. For instance, in Africa’s neopatrimonial states, the political and economic interests of the elites largely determine state interests. Although the state appears to exist as a standalone neutral legal entity, private interest groups, who use their positions of power to amass wealth and influence, often engulf it. The political elites’ regional interests become the drivers of their states’ official foreign policies. Second, my study contextualizes regionalism. It emphasizes that RECs are constructions of new identities of a state, as visualized by the existing regimes. RECs offer opportunities to orient national identities, construct solidarity narratives and pursue diplomatic efforts that entrench the governing regimes’ ideological legitimacy to rule. Lastly, my research challenges the assumption that RECs will solve the small states’ development problems.

This dissertation explores various regional responses to globalization. The first chapter studies how booming regions spread local windfall from a commodity boom in the world market to other regions. The second chapter explores price divergence in the rice markets as an impact of a binding import ban, a policy imposed to support farmers from facing import competition. Lastly, the third chapter shows how the proliferation of electronic media, an aspect of globalization, facilitates improvement in marketing technology in advertising tobacco products. I show that such improvement in reaching consumers and potential consumers increases the smoking participation of young adults.Chapter 1 studies how regions respond to price shocks in the presence of internal migration. This paper examines Indonesia in the 2000s as it faced a commodity boom for palm oil, which became one of its main export commodities. I exploit the variation in the land shares and crop suitability to compute the potential contribution of main crops across district economies as a measure of local exposure to shocks. I find that the commodity boom increased the purchasing power of palm oil-producing districts. These districts also received more migration, providing evidence that palm oil price shocks were no longer localized. Indeed, internal migration spread the windfall. I also find spillover to neighboring districts. However, these relatively higher levels of purchasing power did not last after the commodity boom ended in 2014. I show that the palm-oil sector grew through extensification as a response to the price shocks, with no indication of growth through intensification. I estimate the overall welfare gains in Indonesia between 2005 and 2010 and find substantial gains from migration.Chapter 2 explores and documents the price divergence that occurs due to a large and ongoing import ban on rice imposed by Indonesia. I find that despite the increase in the retail price of rice, rice-producing districts

This paper explores the relationship between human capital, social capital (the strength of social norms and networks at the community level) and corporate tax avoidance practices. Using data for Ecuador, it finds that the proportion of accountants and occupational diversity at the canton level are negatively associated with tax avoidance, approximated by the effective income tax rate. This relationship is more pronounced for companies that do not belong to any economic group. Social capital appears to play a mediating role between human capital and tax avoidance practices. The results contribute to the existing literature on the role of social capital in regional development and highlight the role of non-economic social incentives in business practices., En este trabajo se explora la relación entre el capital humano, el capital social (fuerza de las normas sociales y redes a nivel comunitario) y las prácticas de elusión de impuestos corporativos. Utilizando datos para Ecuador, se encuentra que la proporción de contadores y la diversidad ocupacional a nivel de cantón están asociadas negativamente con la elusión fiscal, aproximada por la tasa efectiva del impuesto a la renta. Esta relación es más pronunciada para las empresas que no pertenecen a ningún grupo económico. El capital social parece cumplir una función mediadora entre el capital humano y las prácticas de elusión fiscal. Los resultados contribuyen a la literatura existente sobre el papel del capital social en el desarrollo regional y destacan el papel de los incentivos sociales no económicos en las prácticas comerciales.

Als neue Wachstumsbranchen sind in den letzten Jahren die Wirtschaftszweige der Kulturökonomie entdeckt worden. Das Besondere ist auch die raumstrukturelle Grundlage, auf der dieses Wachstum erzielt worden, denn sie unterscheidet sich erheblich von herkömmlichen Sektoren und könnte eine Vorreiterrolle für zukünftige Branchen darstellen. Anhand des Beispiels der Film- und Fernsehindustrie in Los Angeles County soll dieser Sachverhalt untersucht werden. Ausgangspunkt dieser Arbeit ist die Annahme, dass räumliche Nähe in der Produktion von Film- und Fernsehsendungen trotz der zunehmenden Globalisierung und Digitalisierung aus wirtschaftsgeographischer und regionalökonomischer Sicht immer noch maßgeblich ist. Methodisch wurde sich diesen räumlichen Organisationsstrukturen durch eine historische Dokumentenanalyse, regionalökonomische Shift-Share-Analyse, und strukturelle Netzwerkanalyse mit einer standardisierten Unternehmensbefragung angenähert. Insgesamt konnte durch die empirische Untersuchung gezeigt werden, dass eine Konzentration, Verdichtung und Einbindung der Film- und Fernsehindustrie in die Region bestehen. Das Ausmaß dieser Einbindung variiert aber erheblich mit den einzelnen lokalen Clustern. So ließ sich anhand des Konzeptes der geographischen Industrialisierung neben der räumlichen auch eine zeitliche Einordnung der Ballungen vornehmen. Dabei war festzustellen, dass sich das Cluster San Fernando Tal in der Hochphase der selektiven Clusterung befindet. Im Gegensatz dazu ist das Cluster Hollywood von Restrukturierungs- und gar Verlagerungsprozessen gekennzeichnet. Das Cluster in Santa Monica ist im Übergang aus der Phase der Lokalisierung in die Phase der selektiven Clusterung. Die Annahme, dass der Herstellungsprozess der Film- und Fernsehindustrie in Los Angeles County durch Kooperationen charakterisiert ist, die zudem durch räumliche Nähe getragen werden, kann an dieser Stelle bestätigt werden., The economic sectors of cultural economy have been discovered as new growth industries in recent years. One special feature on which this growth has been achieved is the spatial-structural basis, because it differs considerably from conventional sectors and could represent a pioneering role for future industries. Using the example of the motion picture and television industry in Los Angeles County, this fact will be examined. The starting point of this work is the assumption that spatial proximity is still decisive in the production of motion pictures and television programmes from an economic geography and regional economics perspective, despite increasing globalisation and digitalisation. Methodologically, these spatial organisational structures were approached through a historical document analysis, regional economic shift-share analysis, and structural network analysis with a standardised company survey. Overall, the empirical study showed that the motion picture and television industry is concentrated, condensed and integrated in the region. However, the extent of this integration varies considerably with the individual local clusters. Using the concept of geographical industrialisation, it was possible to classify the clusters not only spatially but also temporally. It was found that the San Fernando Valley cluster is in the peak phase of selective clustering. In contrast, the Hollywood cluster is characterised by restructuring and even relocation processes. The Santa Monica cluster is in transition from the localisation phase to the selective clustering phase. The assumption that the production process of the motion picture and television industry in Los Angeles County is characterised by cooperation, which is also supported by spatial proximity, can be confirmed at this point.

This paper explores the relationship between human capital, social capital (the strength of social norms and networks at the community level) and corporate tax avoidance practices. Using data for Ecuador, it finds that the proportion of accountants and occupational diversity at the canton level are negatively associated with tax avoidance, approximated by the effective income tax rate. This relationship is more pronounced for companies that do not belong to any economic group. Social capital appears to play a mediating role between human capital and tax avoidance practices. The results contribute to the existing literature on the role of social capital in regional development and highlight the role of non-economic social incentives in business practices., En este trabajo se explora la relación entre el capital humano, el capital social (fuerza de las normas sociales y redes a nivel comunitario) y las prácticas de elusión de impuestos corporativos. Utilizando datos para Ecuador, se encuentra que la proporción de contadores y la diversidad ocupacional a nivel de cantón están asociadas negativamente con la elusión fiscal, aproximada por la tasa efectiva del impuesto a la renta. Esta relación es más pronunciada para las empresas que no pertenecen a ningún grupo económico. El capital social parece cumplir una función mediadora entre el capital humano y las prácticas de elusión fiscal. Los resultados contribuyen a la literatura existente sobre el papel del capital social en el desarrollo regional y destacan el papel de los incentivos sociales no económicos en las prácticas comerciales.

This article compares the evolution of the economy of the Province of San Luis in relation to the national evolution and provinces with similar characteristics in the period of “Industrialization by Substitution of Imports”. The selected provinces are those with similar population characteristics for the national census immediately prior to 1930. These are: La Pampa, La Rioja, Catamarca and San Juan. Due to the almost non-existent bibliography of the 20th century history of the province and especially of economic history, will be used the information from the national population, industrial, agricultural and livestock censuses will, as well as the evolution of the P.B.G. for the last years under analysis. The approach is carried out thinking of the province within a general international and national context where the local capital accumulation process is inscribed., En el presente artículo se compara la evolución de la economía de la Provincia de San Luis en relación con la evolución nacional y la de provincias de características similares en el periodo de “Industrialización por Sustitución de Importaciones”. Las provincias seleccionadas son aquellas de características poblacionales similares para el censo nacional inmediato anterior a 1930. Estas son: La Pampa, La Rioja, Catamarca y San Juan. Debido a la casi inexistente bibliografía de historia del siglo XX de la provincia y en especial sobre historia económica, se utiliza la información de los censos nacionales de población, industriales, agropecuarios y ganaderos, como así también la evolución del P.B.G. para los últimos años bajo análisis. El abordaje se realiza pensando a la provincia dentro de un contexto general internacional y nacional en donde se inscribe el proceso de acumulación de capital local.

In a number of recent elections in Western Europe, support for far-right populist parties has been significantly higher in non-urban areas than in urban areas. This paper answers the following questions; (1) Can the urban–rural divide in voting behavior be explained by the fact that urban and non-urban populations differ in terms of education, income and other individual characteristics of voters, or by variations in immigration? (2) Can variations in public service supply explain parts of the urban–rural divide in far-right populist support? and (3) How does population growth and public services relate to voting behavior when examining urban and rural municipalities separately? The analyses combine survey data on individual characteristics and register data aggregated on municipalities. The results in this paper suggest that voter characteristics and immigration explain a substantial part of the urban–rural divide. However, the propensity to vote for a far-right populist party is still higher in regions with lower population growth even when controlling for individual characteristics and immigration. When considering public service supply, the urban–rural divide is further weakened. The propensity to vote for a far-right party decreases with higher public service supply and higher share of immigrants. The findings in this paper thereby support the hypothesis that individuals in shrinking areas with lower access to public services are likely to respond to the deterioration of their location by casting a vote on the far-right (i.e., protest voting).

This book provides a guided approach to the geostatistical modelling of compositional spatial data. These data are data in proportions, percentages or concentrations distributed in space which exhibit spatial correlation. The book can be divided into four blocks. The first block sets the framework and provides some background on compositional data analysis. Block two introduces compositional exploratory tools for both non-spatial and spatial aspects. Block three covers all necessary facets of multivariate spatial prediction for compositional data: variogram modelling, cokriging and validation. Finally, block four details strategies for simulation of compositional data, including transformations to multivariate normality, Gaussian cosimulation...

The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of Local Economic Development (LED) in South African municipalities. LED is meant to address socio-economic injustices inherited from the apartheid regime and provide economic emancipation for all in South Africa. It has been two decades since the inception of LED in South Africa; however, the objectives of LED are seemingly declining. The country is currently experiencing weak economic growth with high unemployment and poverty rates in its communities. The study investigated the nature and role of LED unit as well as strategies in place for implementing LED in local economies. It also investigated the challenges that LED official encounters in the implementation process of LED. The opportunities of the local economy have been identified in order to provide a platform for local economic policy reforms that can be used to recover economic bottlenecks. The study is empirical and used Polokwane Local Municipality as its study area. Both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies were employed in the study in which interviews and questionnaires were used to collect primary data. The target population of the study included LED officials in Polokwane Local Municipality and individuals who benefit from LED strategies. The population was sampled randomly and purposefully based on the participants' contextual experience on the objectives of the study. The study found that LED unit in Polokwane Local Municipality is not effective in its implementation of LED. There are LED initiatives in place; however, such initiatives are not entirely effective. The study argues that the role and strategies of LED unit are sound on the paper; however, it lacks maximum impact. The study therefore, provided a number of recommendation that could enhance the effectiveness of LED. The following are some of the recommendation: the LED unit should establish LED awareness that will educate and inform community members of LED; the LED unit n

Artículo de revista, This article presents an estimation of changes in provincial GDP over the course of 2020. The pandemic’s impact on activity has been highly uneven across Spain’s provinces, with the island provinces and those on the Mediterranean coast being the most affected. The factors that lie behind this disparity are also explored. The steepest declines in activity were associated with a greater weight of tourism – particularly inbound tourism – in provincial activity, a higher proportion of temporary employment, a lower weight for the public sector and lower levels of public mobility. However, after controlling for the effects related to mobility and economic structure, the excess mortality prompted by the pandemic does not appear to be a significant variable in explaining the cross-province differences in GDP change during 2020.

The 2018 farm bill removed industrial hemp from the Schedule 1 Controlled Substance List. In response, states scrambled to enact hemp legislation. Some hemp flower producers report their hemp fields were cross- pollinated by a neighbor growing a different hemp cultivar. For hemp flower crops, cross- pollination reduces cannabinoid concentration levels within the flower; these concentration levels dictate flower price. We show that in a repeated game, once a sufficiently large percentage of growers decide to plant hemp fiber/seed crops, cross-pollination forces flower growers to convert to fiber/seed to avoid the negative network externality. Over time, a stable, suboptimal Nash equilibrium of reduced flower production results. The most important factor driving this tip to reduced flower production is pollen transmission rates between fields. This factor can be effectively reduced through either an auction-style quota system directed at seed and fiber cultivars or intertemporal zoning laws that dictate when a particular cultivar can be planted. As applications for hemp growing licenses swell, cross- pollination between farmers becomes increasingly likely. If left unchecked by policy, farm-level income and rural economic development will be suppressed.

Als neue Wachstumsbranchen sind in den letzten Jahren die Wirtschaftszweige der Kulturökonomie entdeckt worden. Das Besondere ist auch die raumstrukturelle Grundlage, auf der dieses Wachstum erzielt worden, denn sie unterscheidet sich erheblich von herkömmlichen Sektoren und könnte eine Vorreiterrolle für zukünftige Branchen darstellen. Anhand des Beispiels der Film- und Fernsehindustrie in Los Angeles County soll dieser Sachverhalt untersucht werden. Ausgangspunkt dieser Arbeit ist die Annahme, dass räumliche Nähe in der Produktion von Film- und Fernsehsendungen trotz der zunehmenden Globalisierung und Digitalisierung aus wirtschaftsgeographischer und regionalökonomischer Sicht immer noch maßgeblich ist. Methodisch wurde sich diesen räumlichen Organisationsstrukturen durch eine historische Dokumentenanalyse, regionalökonomische Shift-Share-Analyse, und strukturelle Netzwerkanalyse mit einer standardisierten Unternehmensbefragung angenähert. Insgesamt konnte durch die empirische Untersuchung gezeigt werden, dass eine Konzentration, Verdichtung und Einbindung der Film- und Fernsehindustrie in die Region bestehen. Das Ausmaß dieser Einbindung variiert aber erheblich mit den einzelnen lokalen Clustern. So ließ sich anhand des Konzeptes der geographischen Industrialisierung neben der räumlichen auch eine zeitliche Einordnung der Ballungen vornehmen. Dabei war festzustellen, dass sich das Cluster San Fernando Tal in der Hochphase der selektiven Clusterung befindet. Im Gegensatz dazu ist das Cluster Hollywood von Restrukturierungs- und gar Verlagerungsprozessen gekennzeichnet. Das Cluster in Santa Monica ist im Übergang aus der Phase der Lokalisierung in die Phase der selektiven Clusterung. Die Annahme, dass der Herstellungsprozess der Film- und Fernsehindustrie in Los Angeles County durch Kooperationen charakterisiert ist, die zudem durch räumliche Nähe getragen werden, kann an dieser Stelle bestätigt werden., The economic sectors of cultural economy have been discovered as new growth industries in recent years. One special feature on which this growth has been achieved is the spatial-structural basis, because it differs considerably from conventional sectors and could represent a pioneering role for future industries. Using the example of the motion picture and television industry in Los Angeles County, this fact will be examined. The starting point of this work is the assumption that spatial proximity is still decisive in the production of motion pictures and television programmes from an economic geography and regional economics perspective, despite increasing globalisation and digitalisation. Methodologically, these spatial organisational structures were approached through a historical document analysis, regional economic shift-share analysis, and structural network analysis with a standardised company survey. Overall, the empirical study showed that the motion picture and television industry is concentrated, condensed and integrated in the region. However, the extent of this integration varies considerably with the individual local clusters. Using the concept of geographical industrialisation, it was possible to classify the clusters not only spatially but also temporally. It was found that the San Fernando Valley cluster is in the peak phase of selective clustering. In contrast, the Hollywood cluster is characterised by restructuring and even relocation processes. The Santa Monica cluster is in transition from the localisation phase to the selective clustering phase. The assumption that the production process of the motion picture and television industry in Los Angeles County is characterised by cooperation, which is also supported by spatial proximity, can be confirmed at this point.

Авторами данной исследовательской статьи на основе концепции секторной модели экономики и индекса структурных различий проведен анализ соответствия направлений подготовки студентов отраслевой структуре занятости в 84 регионах Российской Федерации. Представлен методический подход к оценке конгруэнтности направлений подготовки студентов университетов потребностям регионального рынка труда. С использованием методов экономического и статистического анализа определены уровень дифференциации региональных систем высшего образования, секторальная структура выпускников и показатель их трудоустройства в региональном разрезе, а также проанализировано соотношение предложения выпускников и спроса на них. Составлена классификация регионов по уровням этого соотношения и сделаны выводы о сбалансированности систем высшего образования в регионах с учетом потребностей в подготовке кадров. Диагностирована структурно-профессиональная диспропорция между региональными рынками труда и региональными системами высшего образования в большинстве регионов России и выявлены дисбалансы в подготовке специалистов во вторичном секторе экономики, который является определяющим для развития высокотехнологичных производств и обеспечивает потребность в кадрах для новой цифровой экономики. Определены направления преодоления дисфункциональности взаимоотношений университетов и рынка труда. Результаты исследования позволяют принимать решения по совершенствованию политики распределения планового контингента студентов по направлениям подготовки в соответствии с потребностями региональных экономик., The authors of this article are carrying out the analysis of the students’ training programs congruence to the sectoral structure of employment in 84 Russian regions using the sectoral model concept and the index of structural differences. The paper presents a methodological approach to assessing the congruence of training programs with the needs of the regional labor market in Russia. The level of regional higher education systems differentiation, the sectoral structure of graduates, and the level of their employment in the regional context were determined applying economic and statistical methods. The ratio of the graduates’ supply to their demand analyzed, there is presented a classification of regions according to the levels of this ration, conclusions drawn on the balance of higher education systems in the regions, taking into account the needs for training. A structural and professional disproportion between regional labor markets and regional systems of higher education in most regions of Russia is diagnosed, as well as a number of imbalances concerning specialists’ training in the secondary sector of the economy, which is decisive for the development of high-tech in dustries and provides the need for personnel within the new digital economy. The directions for overcoming dysfunction of the relationship between universities and the labor market are identified. The results of the study make it possible to make decisions on improving the policy of distributing the planned contingent of students by training programs in accordance with the needs of regional economies.

Given the variety of theoretical lenses for the studies of productive agglomerations, the following paper has as a central objective to analyze and differentiate five widely used theoretical frameworks, namely: industrial districts, clusters, local productive systems, local productive arrangements and localized agrifood systems. For this purpose, the revision of pertinent theoretical literature is fundamentally used as a methodology, using five assessment criteria: theoretical / methodological rigor, use in the field, way of approaching the territory, explicit use in agricultural / agro-industrial issues and size of the analysis units . The reflection achieved indicates that industrial district shows great strength in terms of theoretical rigor, unlike approaches such as cluster or local productive arrangements. Similarly, industrial districts, together with localized agri-food systems, highlight the importance of the territory in their approaches. This last approach is especially useful for the study of agricultural and agroindustrial issues., Ante la variedad de lentes teóricos para el estudio de aglomeraciones productivas, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo central analizar y hacer una diferenciación de cinco marcos teóricos ampliamente utilizados: distritos industriales, clústeres, sistemas productivos locales, arreglos productivos locales y sistemas agroalimentarios localizados. Para ello, se emplea fundamentalmente como metodología la revisión de literatura teórica pertinente, utilizando cinco criterios de valoración: rigor teórico/metodológico, utilización en campo, forma de abordar el territorio, utilización explícita en temas agrícolas/agroindustriales y tamaño de las unidades de análisis. La reflexión realizada apunta a que el distrito industrial muestra gran fortaleza en términos de rigor teórico, a diferencia de enfoques como clúster o arreglos productivos locales. Similarmente, los distritos industriales, junto a los sistemas agroalimentarios localizados, resaltan la importancia del territorio en sus abordajes. Este último enfoque se muestra especialmente útil para el estudio de temas agrícolas y agroindustriales.

This report presents Utah's economic regions and analyzes the supply chains of significant industry clusters located within those regions. The six economic regions are East Central, Greater Salt Lake, Southeast, Southwest, Uintah Basin, and West Central. Significant clusters are defined as those, among the state's seven strategic clusters, that provide at least 100 jobs in a region. The clusters are Advanced Manufacturing, Aerospace and Defense, Energy and Natural Resources, Finance, IT / Software, Life Sciences, and Outdoor Recreation. Regional clusters purchase output from other industries. Significant portions of these purchases are sourced from within the region or from other regions in the state.

Markets systematically organize into functional economic areas. The Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute identifies six of these economic regions in Utah: Greater Salt Lake, Uintah Basin, West Central, East Central, Southwest, and Southeast. Like an airshed or watershed in the natural world, these economic regions capture the "commutershed" of the local labor market and score well for other measures of economic connection, including consumption of health care, industry similarity, co-movement of wages, and unemployment rates. Decision-makers can use these economic regions to inform planning, budgeting, and policy decisions.

Given the variety of theoretical lenses for the studies of productive agglomerations, the following paper has as a central objective to analyze and differentiate five widely used theoretical frameworks, namely: industrial districts, clusters, local productive systems, local productive arrangements and localized agrifood systems. For this purpose, the revision of pertinent theoretical literature is fundamentally used as a methodology, using five assessment criteria: theoretical / methodological rigor, use in the field, way of approaching the territory, explicit use in agricultural / agro-industrial issues and size of the analysis units . The reflection achieved indicates that industrial district shows great strength in terms of theoretical rigor, unlike approaches such as cluster or local productive arrangements. Similarly, industrial districts, together with localized agri-food systems, highlight the importance of the territory in their approaches. This last approach is especially useful for the study of agricultural and agroindustrial issues., Ante la variedad de lentes teóricos para el estudio de aglomeraciones productivas, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo central analizar y hacer una diferenciación de cinco marcos teóricos ampliamente utilizados: distritos industriales, clústeres, sistemas productivos locales, arreglos productivos locales y sistemas agroalimentarios localizados. Para ello, se emplea fundamentalmente como metodología la revisión de literatura teórica pertinente, utilizando cinco criterios de valoración: rigor teórico/metodológico, utilización en campo, forma de abordar el territorio, utilización explícita en temas agrícolas/agroindustriales y tamaño de las unidades de análisis. La reflexión realizada apunta a que el distrito industrial muestra gran fortaleza en términos de rigor teórico, a diferencia de enfoques como clúster o arreglos productivos locales. Similarmente, los distritos industriales, junto a los sistemas agroalimentarios localizados, resaltan la importancia del territorio en sus abordajes. Este último enfoque se muestra especialmente útil para el estudio de temas agrícolas y agroindustriales.

Increasingly, social scientists are recognizing the limitations of traditional measures (e.g., geographic, demographic, economic) when trying to explain differing regional prosperity outcomes. This research seeks to understand how regions’ differing personalities can help describe economic variance. We test this by employing least squares linear regression on an exploratory battery of 16 psychosocial variables (the “Big 5” personality profiles, plus other General Social Survey items) and four dependent variables of economic output: per capita income, employment rates, income mobility, and rates of entrepreneurship. All items, aggregated at the county level across the US, exhibited a unique constellation of relationships, emphasizing the great need for more work on the economic impact of what we coin the personality of place.

Markets systematically organize into functional economic areas. The Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute identifies six of these economic regions in Utah: Greater Salt Lake, Uintah Basin, West Central, East Central, Southwest, and Southeast. Like an airshed or watershed in the natural world, these economic regions capture the "commutershed" of the local labor market and score well for other measures of economic connection, including consumption of health care, industry similarity, co-movement of wages, and unemployment rates. Decision-makers can use these economic regions to inform planning, budgeting, and policy decisions.

This report presents Utah's economic regions and analyzes the supply chains of significant industry clusters located within those regions. The six economic regions are East Central, Greater Salt Lake, Southeast, Southwest, Uintah Basin, and West Central. Significant clusters are defined as those, among the state's seven strategic clusters, that provide at least 100 jobs in a region. The clusters are Advanced Manufacturing, Aerospace and Defense, Energy and Natural Resources, Finance, IT / Software, Life Sciences, and Outdoor Recreation. Regional clusters purchase output from other industries. Significant portions of these purchases are sourced from within the region or from other regions in the state.

Thie present work investigates the changes and continuities in the economic structure of Galicia during the 2008 crisis and the following economic recovery cycle. We will address this issue from the perspective of the critical perspective on economic development theory. To do so, we will use the information provided by the 2008 and 2016 input-output tables, carrying out a comparative analysis. In the first place, we compare the key sectors that define the core of the internal production scheme. After that, we study Galicia´´ s comparative advantages and disadvantages of its external insertion in Spain, the European Union and the world. The results obtained indicate that the economic structure of Galicia has not changed in its fundamental aspects after the economic crisis. This result suggests that the causes of the economic growth and the improvement of the trade balance following the crisis must be looked for elsewhere., O presente traballo investiga as mudanzas e as continuidades na estrutura económica de Galicia asociadas á crise iniciada no ano 2008 e ao posterior ciclo de recuperación. Abordaremos esta cuestión baixo o prisma da teoría crítica do desenvolvemento económico. Para iso, empregamos a información que nos proporcionan as táboas input-output dos anos 2008 e 2016, realizando un estudo comparativo delas. Comparamos, en primeiro lugar, os sectores claves que definen o núcleo da estrutura produtiva interior da economía galega. Seguidamente, estudamos as vantaxes e as desvantaxes comparativas da súa inserción exterior co resto de España, da Unión Europea e do mundo. Os resultados obtidos indican que a estrutura económica de Galicia non mudou, no fundamental, tras a crise económica. Este resultado empírico suxire que as causas do crecemento económico e da mellora no saldo da balanza comercial posteriores á crise deben ser buscadas noutro lugar., El presente trabajo investiga los cambios y continuidades en la estructura económica de Galicia asociados a la crisis iniciada en el año 2008 y al posterior ciclo de recuperación. Abordaremos esta cuestión bajo el prisma de la teoría crítica del desarrollo económico. Para ello, empleamos la información que nos proporcionan las tablas input-output de los años 2008 y 2016, realizando un estudio comparativo de ellas. Comparamos, en primer lugar, los sectores claves que definen el núcleo de la estructura productiva interior de la economía gallega. Seguidamente, estudiamos las ventajas y desventajas comparativas de su inserción exterior con el resto de España, de la Unión Europea y del mundo. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la estructura económica de Galicia no ha cambiado, en lo fundamental, tras la crisis económica. Este resultado empírico sugiere que las causas del crecimiento económico y de la mejora en el saldo de la balanza comercial posteriores a la crisis deben ser buscadas en otro lugar.

There is renewed interest in levelling up the regions of the UK. The combination of social and political discontent, and the sluggishness of key UK macroeconomic indicators like productivity growth, has led to increased interest in understanding the regional economies of the UK. In turn, this has led to more investment in economic statistics. Specifically, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) recently started to produce quarterly regional GDP data for the nine English regions and Wales that date back to 2012Q1. This complements existing real GVA data for the regions available from the ONS on an annual basis back to 1998; with the devolved administrations of Scotland and Northern Ireland producing their own quarterly output measures. In this paper we reconcile these two data sources along with UK quarterly output data that date back to 1970. This enables us to produce both more timely real terms estimates of quarterly economic growth in the regions of the UK and a new reconciled historical time-series of quarterly regional real output data from 1970. We explore a number of features of interest of these new data. This includes producing a new quarterly regional productivity series and commenting on the evolution of regional productivity growth in the UK., Funding agency:ONS as part of the research programme of the Economic Statistics Centre of Excellence (ESCoE)

Thie present work investigates the changes and continuities in the economic structure of Galicia during the 2008 crisis and the following economic recovery cycle. We will address this issue from the perspective of the critical perspective on economic development theory. To do so, we will use the information provided by the 2008 and 2016 input-output tables, carrying out a comparative analysis. In the first place, we compare the key sectors that define the core of the internal production scheme. After that, we study Galicia´´ s comparative advantages and disadvantages of its external insertion in Spain, the European Union and the world. The results obtained indicate that the economic structure of Galicia has not changed in its fundamental aspects after the economic crisis. This result suggests that the causes of the economic growth and the improvement of the trade balance following the crisis must be looked for elsewhere., O presente traballo investiga as mudanzas e as continuidades na estrutura económica de Galicia asociadas á crise iniciada no ano 2008 e ao posterior ciclo de recuperación. Abordaremos esta cuestión baixo o prisma da teoría crítica do desenvolvemento económico. Para iso, empregamos a información que nos proporcionan as táboas input-output dos anos 2008 e 2016, realizando un estudo comparativo delas. Comparamos, en primeiro lugar, os sectores claves que definen o núcleo da estrutura produtiva interior da economía galega. Seguidamente, estudamos as vantaxes e as desvantaxes comparativas da súa inserción exterior co resto de España, da Unión Europea e do mundo. Os resultados obtidos indican que a estrutura económica de Galicia non mudou, no fundamental, tras a crise económica. Este resultado empírico suxire que as causas do crecemento económico e da mellora no saldo da balanza comercial posteriores á crise deben ser buscadas noutro lugar., El presente trabajo investiga los cambios y continuidades en la estructura económica de Galicia asociados a la crisis iniciada en el año 2008 y al posterior ciclo de recuperación. Abordaremos esta cuestión bajo el prisma de la teoría crítica del desarrollo económico. Para ello, empleamos la información que nos proporcionan las tablas input-output de los años 2008 y 2016, realizando un estudio comparativo de ellas. Comparamos, en primer lugar, los sectores claves que definen el núcleo de la estructura productiva interior de la economía gallega. Seguidamente, estudiamos las ventajas y desventajas comparativas de su inserción exterior con el resto de España, de la Unión Europea y del mundo. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la estructura económica de Galicia no ha cambiado, en lo fundamental, tras la crisis económica. Este resultado empírico sugiere que las causas del crecimiento económico y de la mejora en el saldo de la balanza comercial posteriores a la crisis deben ser buscadas en otro lugar.

This dissertation consists of three chapters in environmental and natural resource economics. In the first chapter, using survey data, I investigate what factors are important in people's evacuation decisions in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. I examine if temporal spillover is present in their decision making and how significant the spillover effect is. With that objective in mind, I examine the effect of previous evacuation experience on future evacuation decision. I also analyze how network effects influence people's evacuation decisions during a natural disaster. As the threat of climate change grows, communities around the world are facing the dangers of encountering different kinds of natural hazards with higher frequency and intensity. When people are dealing with multiple hazards, exposure to one hazard can trigger or change their risk perception about the other hazard. In the second chapter, I use data from Lake County in Florida to analyze spillover effects in terms of multiple hazards. I examine if people are exposed to one type of natural hazard, whether their concern for another type of natural hazard increases or not. To test my hypothesis, in the second chapter, I analyze if exposure to hurricane Irma triggers people's risk perception about their exposure to the risk of sinkhole and how that added risk perception affects the real estate market. Until 2007, the sinkhole insurance policy coverage in Florida was not very well defined, and it was very broad. In 2011, a new legislature was passed by the Florida Senate, narrowing the scope of qualifying damage and including some other provisions. The new law was made applicable from July 2016. In the third chapter, I attempt to capture the effect of this new insurance law on people's risk perception and how that transformed risk perception is reflected in the housing prices. The main focus of this dissertation is to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of different types of spillover effects of risk

This dataset presents the raw data to generate a local competitiveness index in reference with the article: “The impact of geothermal resources on the competitiveness of municipalities: evidence from Poland” (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.11.126). The competitiveness indexes for a selection of 63 municipalities are developed by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Thereafter, the aggregated indexes values are used for statistical procedures in the related research article that describes the relation between geothermal resources utilisation and the obtained local competitiveness index., This dataset presents the raw data to generate a local competitiveness index in reference with the article: “The impact of geothermal resources on the competitiveness of municipalities: evidence from Poland” (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.11.126). The competitiveness indexes for a selection of 63 municipalities are developed by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Thereafter, the aggregated indexes values are used for statistical procedures in the related research article that describes the relation between geothermal resources utilisation and the obtained local competitiveness index.

In de studie is verkend hoeveel groengas uit lokale biomassa zou kunnen worden ingevoed in het openbare aardgasnet in 2030 en wat de locaties van invoeding zouden kunnen zijn. Hiervoor is bestudeerd hoeveel biomassa er economisch beschikbaar kan komen voor groengasproductie en -invoeding in 2030. De studie beperkt zich tot biomassareststromen.

The airline industry plays a major role in the United States. Many passengers use air transportation as a major mode of traveling for business and personal. As the demand for traveling increased, pilot shortage has increased as well. A pilot shortage will devastate the economy and have a lasting effect that will be felt worldwide. However, sources predict that the United States will experience a sizable pilot shortage over the next few years. This paper will identify the reasons for the pilot shortage and discuss the devastating effects that the shortage has on the regional airline industry. In addition, this paper will offer recommendations to the problem.

The airline industry plays a major role in the United States. Many passengers use air transportation as a major mode of traveling for business and personal. As the demand for traveling increased, pilot shortage has increased as well. A pilot shortage will devastate the economy and have a lasting effect that will be felt worldwide. However, sources predict that the United States will experience a sizable pilot shortage over the next few years. This paper will identify the reasons for the pilot shortage and discuss the devastating effects that the shortage has on the regional airline industry. In addition, this paper will offer recommendations to the problem.

Dit document geeft op hoofdlijnen het Wat, Hoe & Wanneer bij de monitor van de eerste Regionale Energie Strategie (RES) door het PBL. Binnen deze hoofdstructuur wordt de monitor op onderdelen nog nader uitgewerkt voor de concept-RES op 1 juni 2020 en, zo nodig, voor de monitor RES 1.0 op 1 maart 2021.