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The severe impact of conflicts-which often occur in chaotic and unstable environments-has on mental health, both for people and communities. South-East Asia incurs a disproportionately significant invisible cost to mental health due to persistent political instability, global conflicts, and terrorism.1 These events may induce anxiety and stress, which may culminate in an array of mental health issues, including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and generalized anxiety disorders. These circumstances are rendered more catastrophic by the continuous threat of violence, displacement, and loss, which makes it challenging for people to retain their resilience in terms of mental health. For example, the prolonged conflict in Kashmir has had a significant impact on people’s mental health in the region.2 Several psychological wounds are the result of sustained violence and uncertainty. Similarly, millions of people in the region have experienced suffering and grief because of terrorism and political unrest.2 Communities impacted by these crises in these areas have a cumulative strain on their mental health.3 The general well-being of these communities is declining due to various factors, including increased stress levels, restricted access to healthcare, and an atmosphere of uncertainty.4 The visible psychological impact on people and their neighbours underscores the importance of acknowledging the broader implications of these crises on mental health. To develop and maintain mental health resilience amid these challenges, people must learn coping mechanisms.5 Recognizing the seriousness of this issue is crucial, but so is offering those impacted resources and assistance. Numerous therapies and coping mechanisms may be helpful. Teaching individuals about the psychological consequences of political unrest and violence is one of academia’s most essential roles. Academic institutions may reduce stigma, increase awareness, and encourage people to seek assistance

OBJECTIVE The study's objective was to assess that nurses working in in-patient wards were under workload stress. METHODOLOGY Descriptive observational research on nurses working in the in-patient ward of a public sector hospital in Peshawar was undertaken in November 2020. Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN), a tool established by the World Health Organization (WHO) to anticipate the number of health staff needed to cope with workload pressure, was used to determine nurses' workload. To ensure the successful implementation of the WISN methodology, three tiers of committees were developed, including steering, technical, and expert committees. Data were also analyzed using the tool. RESULTS Nurses in the hospital's in-patient unit work 1966 hours per year. Health service activities, support, and other activities account for 47.92%, 33.33%, and 18.75% of all nurses' time, respectively, during this time. Four nurses were working in the hospital during the research study; however, WISN estimated that three nurses were needed to cope with the ward's workload pressure, and one nurse was overstaffed at the time. The WISN ratio calculated was 1.33. CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that there was no workload pressure on nurses (negative), and the ward had an extra nurse who could be accommodated in any other department with greater demand.

OBJECTIVE The study's objective was to assess that nurses working in in-patient wards were under workload stress. METHODOLOGY Descriptive observational research on nurses working in the in-patient ward of a public sector hospital in Peshawar was undertaken in November 2020. Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN), a tool established by the World Health Organization (WHO) to anticipate the number of health staff needed to cope with workload pressure, was used to determine nurses' workload. To ensure the successful implementation of the WISN methodology, three tiers of committees were developed, including steering, technical, and expert committees. Data were also analyzed using the tool. RESULTS Nurses in the hospital's in-patient unit work 1966 hours per year. Health service activities, support, and other activities account for 47.92%, 33.33%, and 18.75% of all nurses' time, respectively, during this time. Four nurses were working in the hospital during the research study; however, WISN estimated that three nurses were needed to cope with the ward's workload pressure, and one nurse was overstaffed at the time. The WISN ratio calculated was 1.33. CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that there was no workload pressure on nurses (negative), and the ward had an extra nurse who could be accommodated in any other department with greater demand.

OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of naturally occurring maxillary midline diastema (MMD) in students of public sector medical college in Mardan, Pakistan and its association with enlarged labial frenulum. METHODOLOGY: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Mardan where students were assessed to determine MMD. Sample size was 150 (males 76%, n= 114; females 24%, n= 36). Ethical consideration was followed, and data was analyzed using SPSS version 17 for descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Only 20% (n= 30) male students were having MMD while out of these only 20% (n= 6) were having enlarged labial frenulum. No MMD was found in female students CONCLUSION: The maxillary midline diastema is more pronounced in male students and the authors decline the observation based on their findings that major contributing factor in MMD is because of enlarged labial frenulum.

OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of naturally occurring maxillary midline diastema (MMD) in students of public sector medical college in Mardan, Pakistan and its association with enlarged labial frenulum. METHODOLOGY: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Mardan where students were assessed to determine MMD. Sample size was 150 (males 76%, n= 114; females 24%, n= 36). Ethical consideration was followed, and data was analyzed using SPSS version 17 for descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Only 20% (n= 30) male students were having MMD while out of these only 20% (n= 6) were having enlarged labial frenulum. No MMD was found in female students CONCLUSION: The maxillary midline diastema is more pronounced in male students and the authors decline the observation based on their findings that major contributing factor in MMD is because of enlarged labial frenulum.