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This article studies the response by public sphere institutions in democratic societies to far-right parties, focusing specifically on public broadcasting organizations in Germany and Sweden. With the upsurge of far-right parties these types of institutions are faced with difficult decisions on how to balance norms of inclusivity, impartiality and pluralism while also safeguarding substantive norms related to the protection of equal human dignity and non-discrimination. Public sphere institutions, and public broadcasting in particular, are of key importance for well-functioning democracies. They are also settings where democratic dilemmas appear that have received less attention in the existing literature on democracy's protection. We develop our contribution through a comparative study of the response by public broadcasting organizations to the far-right in Germany and Sweden. Results point to continuing difficulties in navigating dilemmas related to the response to these parties, especially as they are becoming an increasingly normalized part of the political landscape.

El principal objetivo de este artículo es estudiar el tratamiento informativo de la pandemia generada por la Covid-19 en los medios audiovisuales de servicio público en España y Francia. A través del análisis de los titulares, fuentes empleadas y el estudio de sus declaraciones se pretende elaborar una reflexión acerca de la mediatización de esta crisis durante la primera ola en dos países del mediterráneo. El corpus está formado, en un primer análisis cuantitativo, por las noticias en las que se habla de Covid-19 o coronavirus en RTVE.es (17.031) y Francetvinfo.fr (14.492) entre el 15 de enero de 2020 y el 15 de junio de 2020. Una vez contabilizadas, se seleccionaron de forma aleatoria 70 informaciones en cada medio para un análisis de contenido en profundidad. Los resultados muestran que en ambos casos el tratamiento de la pandemia durante la primera ola se lleva a cabo con una gran cantidad de información todos los días. Se usan preferentemente fuentes gubernamentales, si bien estas se alternan, en especial, en el medio francés, con fuentes expertas y sanitarias. El relato, tanto de estas como de los periodistas, varía en función de la evolución de la pandemia., This article studies the news coverage of the pandemic generated by Covid-19 in public service media in Spain and France. Through analysis of the headlines, sources used and a study of their statements, it reflects on the mediatization of this crisis during its first wave in two Mediterranean countries. The corpus, comprising news on Covid-19 or coronavirus on RTVE.es (17.031) and Francetvinfo.fr (14.492), broadcast between January 15 2020, and 15 June 2020, was selected through quantitative analysis. Once counted, 70 units were randomly selected in each medium for in-depth content analysis. The results show that, in both cases, coverage of the pandemic in the first wave conveyed a large amount of information every day. For preference, government sources are used, alternating, especially in the French environment, with expert and health sources. The story, both from sources and that of the journalists, varies depending on the evolution of the pandemic.

El principal objetivo de este artículo es estudiar el tratamiento informativo de la pandemia generada por la Covid-19 en los medios audiovisuales de servicio público en España y Francia. A través del análisis de los titulares, fuentes empleadas y el estudio de sus declaraciones se pretende elaborar una reflexión acerca de la mediatización de esta crisis durante la primera ola en dos países del mediterráneo. El corpus está formado, en un primer análisis cuantitativo, por las noticias en las que se habla de Covid-19 o coronavirus en RTVE.es (17.031) y Francetvinfo.fr (14.492) entre el 15 de enero de 2020 y el 15 de junio de 2020. Una vez contabilizadas, se seleccionaron de forma aleatoria 70 informaciones en cada medio para un análisis de contenido en profundidad. Los resultados muestran que en ambos casos el tratamiento de la pandemia durante la primera ola se lleva a cabo con una gran cantidad de información todos los días. Se usan preferentemente fuentes gubernamentales, si bien estas se alternan, en especial, en el medio francés, con fuentes expertas y sanitarias. El relato, tanto de estas como de los periodistas, varía en función de la evolución de la pandemia., This article studies the news coverage of the pandemic generated by Covid-19 in public service media in Spain and France. Through analysis of the headlines, sources used and a study of their statements, it reflects on the mediatization of this crisis during its first wave in two Mediterranean countries. The corpus, comprising news on Covid-19 or coronavirus on RTVE.es (17.031) and Francetvinfo.fr (14.492), broadcast between January 15 2020, and 15 June 2020, was selected through quantitative analysis. Once counted, 70 units were randomly selected in each medium for in-depth content analysis. The results show that, in both cases, coverage of the pandemic in the first wave conveyed a large amount of information every day. For preference, government sources are used, alternating, especially in the French environment, with expert and health sources. The story, both from sources and that of the journalists, varies depending on the evolution of the pandemic.

En este artículo nos adentramos en las representaciones que TVE difunde de la mujer trabajadora en las series de ficción durante la tercera legislatura de Felipe González. Son los años en los que el Instituto de la Mujer establece el primer Plan para la Igualdad de Oportunidades de las Mujeres (PIOM, 1988-1990) que favorece la integración masiva de las mujeres en el mercado laboral remunerado, esto es, a su "profesionalización". Esta imagen se transmite en las series en la que la caracterización y las narrativas se presentan bajo la óptica patriarcal respecto a la imagen de la mujer. Es más, las mujeres de clase trabajadora están sistemáticamente invisibilizadas y/o minusvaloradas a través de bromas sexistas, violencia verbal..., In this article I will explore the representation of women according to their social status in television series shown during the period 1989-1993 on Spanish public television (TVE). While there are a significant number of young active women occupying key roles in series made during this period – a move influenced by the Equal Opportunity Plan for Women (PIOM) from the ruling Socialist Party and the Women's Institute – their characterisation and narrative function remain heavily attached to a patriarchal view of women. Furthermore, working-class women are systematically under-represented and/or undervalued through sexist jokes, verbal violence and mockery towards housewives.

In this article I will explore the representation of women according to their social status in television series shown during the period 1989-1993 on Spanish public television (TVE). While there are a significant number of young active women occupying key roles in series made during this period – a move influenced by the Equal Opportunity Plan for Women (PIOM) from the ruling Socialist Party and the Women's Institute – their characterisation and narrative function remain heavily attached to a patriarchal view of women. Furthermore, working-class women are systematically under-represented and/or undervalued through sexist jokes, verbal violence and mockery towards housewives., En este artículo nos adentramos en las representaciones que TVE difunde de la mujer trabajadora en las series de ficción durante la tercera legislatura de Felipe González. Son los años en los que el Instituto de la Mujer establece el primer Plan para la Igualdad de Oportunidades de las Mujeres (PIOM, 1988-1990) que favorece la integración masiva de las mujeres en el mercado laboral remunerado, esto es, a su "profesionalización". Esta imagen se transmite en las series en la que la caracterización y las narrativas se presentan bajo la óptica patriarcal respecto a la imagen de la mujer. Es más, las mujeres de clase trabajadora están sistemáticamente invisibilizadas y/o minusvaloradas a través de bromas sexistas, violencia verbal...

This chapter explores the ways in which the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) has embraced the idea of universal service. While the CBC was not legislatively mandated to elements of universality until 1968, throughout its history, Canada’s public broadcaster has striven to provide what are seen today as key elements of this ideal. But the large size of the country, coupled with its small population, the regional, linguistic, and heritage diversity, the vagaries of funding, and relations with the private sector, have made meeting those goals challenging. Today, however, the shifting technologies and fragmenting audiences that characterise the digital media environment present perhaps the biggest challenge yet to the role of the CBC within the system and its pursuit of the principles associated with universalism. Understanding the lessons that past struggles in this regard may have for the challenges currently facing public broadcasting in Canada is the purpose of this work., Go to the full book to find a version of this chapter tagged for accessibility.

Aufgrund einer gesetzlichen Vorgabe ist der öffentlich-rechtliche Rundfunk in der Schweiz verpflichtet, seine Sendearchive der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich zu machen. Dies geschieht auf verschiedenen Wegen, vor allem aber über die eigenen Online-Portale. Nach der Klärung rechtlicher, technischer und finanzieller Fragen publizieren SRF und die anderen Sender der SRG kontinuierlich Archivinhalte. Grosse Bestände sind über die regionalen Mediatheken (Play SRG) abrufbar. An speziellen Konsultationsstationen in öffentlichen Institutionen können nahezu die gesamten audiovisuellen Archivinhalte recherchiert werden. Auf verschiedenen Social Media Plattformen betreiben alle Sender erfolgreich Archivkanäle. Zusätzliche Initiativen, wie öffentliche Veranstaltungen oder das neue Biografie-Tool SRF Timelines befördern zudem die Sicht- und Erreichbarkeit der Archivinhalte. Die komplexe Frage heterogener Metadaten wird derzeit versucht, mittels einer zentralen Datenbank zu lösen., Due to a legal requirement, public broadcasting in Switzerland is obliged to make its broadcast archives accessible to the public. This is done in various ways, but above all through their own online portals. After legal, technical and financial issues had been clarified, SRF and the other SRG broadcasters continuously publish archive content. Large stocks are available from the regional media libraries (Play SRG). Almost all of the audio-visual archive content can be researched at special consultation stations in public institutions. All broadcasters successfully operate archive channels on various social media platforms. Additional initiatives, such as public events or the new SRF Timelines biography tool, also make the archive content more visible and accessible. Attempts are currently being made to solve the complex question of heterogeneous metadata using a central database., Peer Reviewed

The aim of this master thesis is to figure out the role of foreign correspondents within Europe during today’s developments of globalization and digitalization, in the view of professional foreign journalists. The continent becomes closer in terms of politics, currencies and cultures, and a growing infrastructure simplifies travelling and communication. Therefore, the role and function of foreign journalists are more and more questioned. The main focus of this thesis is thereby the case of the foreign correspondence offices of the German public broadcasting network ARD. An auto-ethnographic study was used to base the analysis of this thesis on own perspectives. In a further step interviews with five foreign journalists examine the experiences of professionals in this field. The analysis is based, besides these two qualitative methods, on the theories of Siemes (2000), Cole and Hamilton (2008), and Archetti (2013).The researches’results demonstrate strong arguments for the relevance of the maintenance of foreign correspondences within Europe as the role of public broadcasters in particular is to inform, explain and classify happenings within the own country as well as in foreign areas to the audience. The nearby countries play thereby an important role due to many points of contact; for that reason professional journalists should further on hold the function to care for enlightenment.

ABC Television test cricket coverage to the 1970s showed that only the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) had the national organisation, infrastructure and network to organise, negotiate and deliver sport across the country. The ABC dominated cricket broadcasting as commercial interest and coverage was sporadic. However, this changed with World Series Cricket. (WSC). The received wisdom in popular culture, history and myth is of a WSC 'revolution'. While WSC was a pivotal moment, much of what is perceived as a revolutionary change in fact evolved from production and audience research and development by the ABC over twenty years.

The Journalism Education and Research Association of Australia Incorporated (JERAA Inc) is the peak body of Australian journalism educators and researchers from tertiary education and industry organisations. The JERAA Executive's submission to the Senate Select Committee on the Future of Public Interest Journalism addresses three terms of reference that are particularly germane to the Association’s work. These are: The current state of public interest journalism in Australia and around the world, including the role of government in ensuring a viable, independent and diverse service; The future of public and community broadcasters in delivering public interest journalism, particularly in underserviced markets like regional Australia, and culturally and linguistically diverse communities; Examination of ‘fake news’, propaganda, and public disinformation, including sources and motivation of fake news in Australia, overseas, and the international response. The submission drew from evidence from a wide range of countries about methods that governments could employ to directly and indirectly subsidise or assist public-interest journalism without compromising editorial independence. It also outlined the role of journalism education in supporting media organisations through the current era of economic and organisational upheaval. In considering the role of public service broadcasters, the report pointed to research which indicates that such broadcasting helps to increase political knowledge and political participation and has a positive impact on trust, knowledge, diversity and social cohesion. Research also finds a positive relationship between strong public service media and strong private sector media, and not the negative relationship that the 'crowding-out' hypothesis would lead one to expect. In recommendations about how to reduce the proliferation and impact of fake news, the report noted attempts by other countries to address the problem through legislation, such as

This thesis is a history of ABC television sports broadcasting, focussing on Test cricket coverage to the 1970s and the reinvention of ABC sport following World Series Cricket (WSC). It charts public broadcasting innovation, using ABC sport to illustrate public broadcasting's role as both a comprehensive and a complementary sports broadcaster, but at different times. The thesis confronts received wisdom of a WSC "revolution" with analysis of ABC production and audience strategies. The thesis places the contemporary era of ABC TV sport in this historical frame, with its focus on sports ignored by commercial broadcasters, including women's and Paralympics sport.

Este artículo describe y analiza las características específicas de una de las primeras radios públicas de Hispanoamérica, la emisora CX6 SODRE de Uruguay creada en 1929, que aún continúa al aire. La peculiaridad mayor del SODRE radica en un diseño institucional de doble vía, que supuso la instalación al mismo tiempo de la radio y la Discoteca Nacional, de un conjunto de conjuntos estables de música que debían realizar sus conciertos en una sala comprada a tales efectos, que a su vez eran transmitidos por la emisora. De este modo, mientras que en general se ve el momento de la aparición de la radio como el del desplazamiento a un segundo plano de modelo de los conciertos públicos característicos del siglo XIX, el SODRE mantuvo las dos formas de comunicación vivas y retroalimentándose recíprocamente en un peculiar modelo de oferta cultural que alternaba las prácticas culturales de lo “aurático” con las de lo “tecnológico” (Benjamin 1968)., This article describes and analyzes the specific characteristics of one of the first public radio stations of Spanish America, CX6 SODRE of Uruguay created in 1929, which still continues to air. The major peculiarity of the SODRE derives from an institutional design of double route, which implies on the one hand, the installation of the public broadcasting station with its correspondant National Discotheque, and on the other hand, the creation of a set of stable music groups which offered concerts for the public radio and for the general public in a theatre bought to such effects by the State. Thus, whereas in general the appearance of the radio is seen as the displacement of 19th century typical cultural practices such as live concerts to a second scenario, the SODRE kept both forms of communication alive in a peculiar model of cultural offer which alternated the “auratical” with the “techonological” (Benjamin 1968).

This essay shows the first analitical approach on the programming of the public radio owned by the State. The object of study is all the written documents that have come up along the radio’s history. The documents are evidence of the goals and procedures proposed for the radio broadcast and the current situation as well. The subject of this essay is bounded to a more detailed essay that is being prepared, which has as its central goal the observation of music through the public broadcast. Thus in this paper we have chosen to study the programming of those radio stations dedicated exclusively to music broadcasting throughout the day. In this manner we intend to understand the ideological structure shown by the programming, and also its conflict territory., Este trabajo ofrece el primer acercamiento analítico sobre la programación de la radio estatal uruguaya. Componen el objeto de estudio los documentos escritos generados por la institución a lo largo de su historia. Éstos dan cuenta de los cometidos y lineamientos propuestos para las radios y de la situación actual de su programación. El tema de este escrito se vincula con un trabajo de mayor porte que se está llevando a cabo y que tiene como eje central la observación de la música a través de la radio estatal; por este motivo en este artículo se ha elegido estudiar la programación de las radios que transmiten exclusivamente música. Asimismo a través de este análisis se pretende esbozar la estructura ideológica que subyace en la programación y su territorio de conflicto.

This paper analyses the campaign to establish terrestrial digital children’s public service broadcasting in Australia. It finds that the development of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s digital children’s channel (ABC3), an initiative initially embraced somewhat opportunistically, enabled an expansion strategy for the public service broadcaster that ultimately helped determine the shape of its current digital channel portfolio. Contrasting the collective and divergent interpretations of future audience behaviours and needs developed by the Australian Children’s Television Foundation (ACTF) and the ABC, it argues that both organisations developed strategies and made policy decisions that were influential in conditioning the current digital television ecology.

In 1970 on the evening of March 10, the Swedish TV audience was presented with an in-house documentary entitled 7 ton bomber per person (”7 tons of bombs per person”). The traces of five years of intense bombing over North Vietnam appeared in the framings of ruins and bomb craters, and through filmed testimonies of everyday life in the shadow of war. Departing from a case study on the Swedish context of media activism and public television, this paper offers a conceptual account of the “solidarity films” of this era. A related problem is the articulated subjectivity of first person documentary. As Michael Chanan reminds us, the style and ideals of cinéma vérité coincided with “the television reporter crossing the gap from the voice-over to the talking head in front of the camera”, and, we may add, with the appearance of ordinary people in close-up, the intimacy of the small screen, and the domestic screen culture of television.[1] [1]/ Michael Chanan, ”The Role of History in the Individual”, in Alisa Lebow ed., The Cinema of Me, p. 24., The Documentary Call for Action: War Protest, Solidarity Film, and Public Broadcasting in Sweden 1962-1975

The Black Power Mixtape 1967-1975 (Göran Hugo Olsson, Sweden, 2011) presents fragmentary glimpses of black power history; images that were shot by Swedish filmmakers in the US for public broadcast in Sweden. This internationally praised compilation film has been a revelation to critics and audiences in terms of how an exotic, Swedish perspective on the black power movement produced a record that differed from related media representations in the American context. Even in Sweden the collage of archival material stands out as a reminder of the overlooked history of public television, and of the documentaries that brought narratives about war and international conflicts — via the two existing TV channels — into the homes of many Swedes. The Black Power Mixtape depends on material compiled from the work by 27 filmmakers and reporters. Unfortunately, aside from these fragments, their points of view and their experiences as foreign filmmakers are only hinted at in the opening of the film. How was their working conditions and relationship to the Swedish broadcast corporation? What propelled their interest in the Vietnam War and the civil right movement? These are interesting questions, indicating a blank not only in The Black Power Mixtape, but, more alarmingly, in the scholarly work on Swedish film and television history. This paper aims at a correction of this situation. Aside from a closer view of Swedish documentaries made in the era of the Vietnam War, the contemporary production saga of The Black Power Mixtape will provide the point of departure for a more general reflection on compilation film, historical enactment, and social memory., The Documentary Call for Action: War Protest, Solidarity Film and Public Broadcasting in Sweden 1962-1975

In the first decade of the third millennium, the state public broadcasting in Spain and Portugal (RTP and CRTVE) undertook his last re-foundation. In 2004, it launched the current structure of the RTP, following a reorganization of the Portuguese public radio and television. Two years later, in 2006, RTVE would face a similar process whose main impact was the reduction of its workforce and the provision of new landmark legislation: the Law of the RTVE Corporation, 2006. From then until today, RTVE has designed its means of financing, has settled considerably the need for public radio and television in the government, and has been consolidating its program offerings. However, the economic crisis of the two countries has opened up new questions for the future of their public broadcasters. In this short passage since the refounding of RTVE and RTP, in the middle of the last decade they have come a long way in avoiding similar obstacles, but it seems that, finally, the destination may be different for the two of them. For now, the sword of privatization hangs over RTP. Meanwhile, RTVE has on its head the question of financing. Behind is left its past closely connected to the political realities of their countries, their contribution to democratic standards, the role of the audiovisual industry forefront of their field nations, and social service to people. Without forgetting, of course, that for both countries, public radio and television are its image abroad, something of great importance in this globalized world., En la primera década del tercer milenio, la radiotelevisión pública estatal de España y Portugal (RTP y CRTVE) acometieron su última refundación. En el año 2004, se puso en marcha la estructura actual de la RTP, tras un proceso de reorganización de la radiodifusión y televisión pública portuguesa. Dos años después, en 2006, RTVE afrontaría un proceso similar cuyo principal impacto fue la reducción de su plantilla y la dotación de un nuevo referente legislativo: la Ley de la Corporación RTVE. Desde entonces hasta hoy, se han diseñado sus vías de financiación, se ha asentado considerablemente la necesidad de un servicio público de radio y televisión entre los poderes públicos, y se han ido consolidando sus ofertas programáticas. No obstante, la crisis económica de los dos países ha abierto nuevas interrogantes para el futuro de sus radiotelevisiones públicas. En este corto tránsito desde su refundación, a mediados de la década pasada, han recorrido un camino en el que han debido salvar obstáculos parecidos, pero parece que, finalmente, el destino puede ser diferente para las dos. De momento, la espada de la privatización se cierne sobre RTP. Por su parte, RTVE tiene sobre su cabeza el cuestionamiento de su financiación. Atrás queda su pasado íntimamente conectado a la realidad política de sus respectivos países, su contribución a la normalización democrática, su función de vanguardia para la industria audiovisual de sus ámbitos nacionales y su labor de servicio a la ciudadanía. Sin olvidar, por supuesto, que para ambos países, la radio y la televisión pública son su imagen en el exterior, algo de gran importancia en este mundo globalizado.

España es el único país de la Unión Europea que no tiene un Consejo Audiovisual a nivel estatal (a pesar de estar previsto en la Ley 7/2010 General de la Comunicación Audiovisual). Sin embargo, en el ámbito autonómico, destacan tres autoridades independientes en Cataluña, Andalucía y Navarra. La finalidad de esta comunicación es presentar un análisis de contenido sobre la profesionalidad e independencia de estos Consejos Audiovisuales. Un adelanto de los resultados evidencia que si bien la cualificación de sus miembros es elevada, más de la mitad ha tenido algún tipo de vinculación con los partidos políticos que los eligen., Spain is the only European Union country which has no a State Audiovisual Council (despite being intended for creation of Law 7/2010). However, in the Autonomous Communities, highlights the work of the three independent authorities in Cataluña, Andalucia and Navarra. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a content analysis of the professionalism and independence of these Councils Audiovisual. A preview of the results shows that while the overall qualifications of its members is high, more than half have had some connection with parties who elect them.

Downunder Grads is a 4-part series (4 x 26') screened on the Special Broadcasting Station in 2008. It's the start of the semester at one of Australia's top universities and 37,000 students, are about to embark on their studies. University is make or break time; a time that can change people forever. From free education in the 1980s to HECS fee debt and a large increase in full fee paying students, university education is now big business. Through a variety of character stories this four-part series explores the contemporary Australian university experience of both international and Australian students from a range of different backgrounds.

New media formats that engage audiences as producers as well as consumers/users of content are transforming media worldwide, and present particular challenges for public broadcasters as they open up new questions about both the mandated responsibilities of the broadcaster and their responsiveness to new community expectations and needs. This paper considers how the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) has been responding to the challenge of user-created content, and adapting to the new environment of participatory media culture. It draws upon an action research framework and ethnographic research into media organizations, and considers SBS’s responses alongside the emergence of citizen journalism in Australia.

This study investigates the Deliberative Board of Fundação Cultural Piratini Rádio e Televisão and searches its latest history, functioning and representativeness. The article analyses the relationship between state, Fundação Piratini and the Deliberative Board, interpreting its functioning through statute, structure and members. The main methodological instruments were literature review, document analysis and in-depth interview. It concludes that the Conselho Deliberativo doesn’t satisfy its purposes caused by its internal design and the political forces of relationship with executive administration of Fundação Piratini., Este trabalho investiga o Conselho Deliberativo da Fundação Cultural Piratini Rádio e Televisão e realiza uma pesquisa de cunho exploratório de sua história recente, funcionamento e representatividade. Analisam-se as relações entre governo do Estado, Fundação Cultural Piratini e Conselho Deliberativo, interpretando seu Regimento, sua estrutura e seus membros. Os principais instrumentos metodológicos consistiram na revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e entrevista em profundidade. Conclui-se que o Conselho Deliberativo não atende plenamente às funções para o qual foi criado, o que resulta, principalmente, de seu desenho institucional e das forças políticas presentes no seu relacionamento com a direção executiva da Fundação Piratini., Este estudio investiga el Consejo Deliberativo de la Fundação Cultural Piratini Rádio e Televisão y realiza una búsqueda de su historia reciente, el funcionamiento y la representatividad. En él se examina la relación entre gobierno del estado, Fundação Cultural Piratini y Consejo Deliberativo, interpretando su funcionamiento a través de su estatuto, estructura y sus miembros. Las principales herramientas metodológicas fueron revisión de la literatura, análisis de documentos y entrevista en profundidad. De ello se deduce que el Consejo Deliberativo no satisface plenamente las tareas para las que fue creado, debido, principalmente, a su diseño institucional y las fuerzas políticas en su relación con la administración de la Fundação Piratini.

Free-to-air television news is an accessible and popular means through which audiences can gain knowledge and understanding about the world. Therefore, the nature of the news provided has important implications for the opportunities audiences have to become informed about events and issues, and to use this knowledge to participate in social decision-making. The structure and content of news bulletins reflect the decisions made by broadcasters about the topics that are considered to be important, and which sources should have the opportunity to be represented. Thus, the goal of this research was to compare the structure and content of the news provided by New Zealand’s national free-to-air news programmes; ONE News (TVNZ), 3 News (TV3), Prime News (Prime Television), and Te K ea (M ori Television). A content analysis of one constructed week of the four news programmes was undertaken, focusing on four general areas of interest. First, the profile of the news bulletins was examined (i.e., the proportion of the bulletin allocated to different segments of the news, the duration of main news stories, the origin of production of main news stories, the proportion of New Zealand and international news, and the topics included in the news). Second, the research investigated the identity of the types of sources selected by the broadcasters for inclusion in locally produced main news stories. Third, the frequency and duration of élite and non-élite source speech was examined. Finally, the extent to which journalists speak on camera in news stories was also investigated. The study showed that the four programmes generally conformed to the ‘standard profile’ of modern television news bulletins; the programmes included considerable amounts of non-news content and the news topics often reflected entertainment values, rather than focusing on serious issues. A further significant characteristic of the bulletins was that élite sources were more likely to be included in news stories on

This paper develops a Hotelling location model in which two radio stations choose combinations of local and international content to play, given consumers with preferences distributed over those combinations. Station revenue derives from sales of advertising time, the demand for which depends negatively on the price and positively on the station’s market share and consumers get disutility from advertising and from a less-than-ideal broadcast mix of local and international content. In this setting we show that the laissez-faire solution involves less than (socially optimal) maximal differentiation.

Summary: In 1967, American public broadcasting was established with a mandate to offer educational and artistic programs, a forum for debate and controversy, and a voice for the otherwise voiceless. Public radio and television's mission was, in some respects, comparable to the role of the ideal public sphere, a realm removed from state and market interference and in which citizens discuss matters of common concern, without regard to race, gender, class, or individual self-interest. Yet much of the medium's promise has remained unfulfilled, its existence irrelevant to most Americans. This study first explores the meaning of publicness, inquires into the causes of its problematic manifestation in public broadcasting, and envisions a more public form of the system. Publicness requires inclusive access and full participation by citizens, accountability, and insulation from political and commercial pressures. But public broadcasting's publicness, already narrowed by the upper-middle-class, secular, heterosexist, white, male biases of its founders, is further hindered by systemic insularity and infighting, inadequate funding, elected officials' micro-management, and commercial broadcasters' fear of competition. Most observers agree that reform of the system for the 21st century requires restructuring and creation of a new funding mechanism, in addition to an expanded definition of culture, more participation by citizens, and greater utilization of digital media technologies. However, any such reform is likely to encounter several political, economic, social, and cultural obstacles from lawmakers, public broadcasters, and commercial broadcasters. The study then assesses the effectiveness and prospects of Citizens for Independent Public Broadcasting (CIPB), a grassroots group attempting to reform the medium. This analysis concludes that CIPB's recommendation for restructuring and financing largely comports with most scholars' ideas. And its development of a nationwide netwo, Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters, Collection: FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection, Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2003.

examination of cross-border public broadcasting station and a newspaper content analysis of each cities' coverage of the other city

Interview about public broadcasting funding and programs., This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

George Heinemann of NBC interviewed by Jim Nickerson about the state of public broadcasting and violence in children's programming., This film originated from WLBC-TV and was (possibly) a part of a segment titled, "Week in Review." The station was created in 1953 by Don Burton. WLBC-TV Channel 49 was sold in 1971 to a local non-profit group, who changed the station's callsign to the current WIPB-TV, now licensed by Ball State University., This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

RésuméTandis que les chaînes de télévision investissent chaque jour davantage l'univers numérique, personne ne semble d'accord sur les spécificités d'un service public de l'audiovisuel en ligne. En quoi le développement de l'offre numérique du groupe France Télévisions diffère-t-il des logiques qui gouvernent ses concurrents privés ? Nous souhaiterions, dans cet article, tenter de répondre à ces questions par une analyse sémio-pragmatique du site internet et des comptes ouverts sur Twitter et Facebook par France 2, principale chaîne du groupe public. Nous complèterons cette étude par une observation ethnographique des forums de discussions de son site internet. Nous confronterons ainsi l'offre numérique développée France 2, hors téléphonie mobile, aux discours stratégiques des acteurs du groupe., While television channels invest more each day the digital world, nobody seems to agree on the specifics of a public service broadcasting online. How the development of digital services of France Télévisions group differs from the logic governing its private competitors? We would, in this article, try to answer these questions in a pragmatic semiotic analysis of website and accounts on Twitter and Facebook by France 2, the main channel of the public group. We will complete this study with an ethnographic observation of its websites' forums. Thus, we will compare the numeric development of France 2 to its leaders' speeches., ResumenSi bien la televisión invierten cada día más al mundo digital, nadie parece ponerse de acuerdo sobre los detalles de un servicio público de radiodifusión en línea. Cómo el desarrollo de los servicios digitales del grupo France Télévisions difiere de la lógica que rige sus competidores privados? Nosotros, en este artículo, tratamos de responder a estas preguntas en un análisis semiótico pragmática de sitio web y cuentas en Twitter y Facebook por France 2, el canal principal del grupo público. Vamos a completar este estudio con una observación etnográfica de los foros de discusión de su sitio web. Y vamos a comparar el ofrece digital de France 2 con los discursos de sus lideres.

1 Communications & Convergence Rev. 44 (Dec. 2009).

The paper presents a brief summary of the research on self-development and adaptation of public service broadcasting in the multimedia environment. Background: the purpose of the study is to provide versatile and objective examination, comparison and analysis of the impact of the latest information technologies for a well established model of public broadcasting. Methods: for the purpose of verifying the theoretical ideas the analysis of foreign web publications on the establishment and development of public service broadcasting has been conducted. Besides the theoretical and methodological basis of the study are: policy statements and annual reports of public broadcasters in the UK, Germany, Japan, USA; normative legal instruments regulating their activities; the materials of UNESCO, the Council of Europe and other international organizations; the scientific works of national and foreign scientists devoted to the activities of public broadcasting and the new media environment. Results: the results of the experiment indicated that the establishment of a global information society involves changes in the field of media and communication, transforming the traditional audio-visual media in accordance with the requirements of information and convergence. The development of technology becomes not a threat but a new opportunity to implement a genuine public television, available to audiences on any technological platform, in any format and not limited to the actual TV broadcasting. Technologies of the XXI century bring the empowering public television to public service communications. Conclusions: on the basis of the studies the conclusion was made that the development of digital technology makes a number of channels of various profiles is virtually unlimited, but such diversity does not reduce the value of public sector information dissemination. Moreover, as it was shown by this study, the whole process of evolutionary development of public broadcasting proves its viabi

California Revealed

Topics discussed include: Governor Brown, Attorney General Deukmejian, and crime; raw milk; mass transit; financial cuts in Native American program; and wind power., California Revealed

Renewable energy report., California Revealed

Topics discussed include: The budget; Governor Brown’s crime tax; state employees; prime agricultural land; Hayden and toxics., California Revealed

Topics discussed include: Former California Senator John Tunney heads up the California delegation to the Democratic National Convention. Discussion on what role California Governor Jerry Brown and the State’s delegation will play at the convention. Following a controversy surrounding an accidental death of a condor chick. Air Resources Board new anti-smog proposal. A look at Governor Brown’s Office of Appropriate Technology., California Revealed

Topics discussed include: Assemblyman Larry Kapiloff publicly answers to charges of unethical conduct. A health study outlines seven things one can do to increase longevity. San Francisco holds a special election to do away with district elections in favor of citywide elections. State lawmakers scramble to enact a program aimed at reducing auto emissions with the prospect of losing federal money looming should they fail to do so promptly., California Revealed

Topics discussed include: A criminal investigation of State Senator Alan Robbins by Sacramento District Attorney Herb Jackson over allegations of sexual misconduct. The Public Utilities Commission ruling that power companies must give homeowners low cost loans for solar water heaters. Governor Brown vetoed a bill to limit the power of the United Farm Workers union., California Revealed

Topics discussed include: Los Angeles schools implement a busing plan to achieve greater racial balance throughout the city, yet controversy and confusion persists. New federal government regulations on how to teach bilingual education in U.S. schools; discussion on dramatic increases in campaign spending; University of California Regents vote to negotiate new contracts with Lawrence Livermore and Los Alamos Laboratories., California Revealed

Topics discussed include: Abortion funding; Gann’s bill of rights; Robbins sex trial; legal service cuts; and various reporter’s opinions on the Robbins trial., California Revealed

Topics discussed include: Controversy over affirmative action; questions and answers on water reform in California; Amtrak initiates new service in California; the Senate lineup; and commentary on David Roberti., California Revealed

Topics discussed include: Hospital costs; north coast oil drilling; and crime., California Revealed

Topics discussed include: Toxic chemicals and kids; child discrimination in apartments; the Agricultural Labor Relations Board; the problems and promise of wind power; Ronald Reagan’s block grants; and Californians for Fair Representation., California Revealed

Topics discussed include: A legislative roundup; reapportionment and civil rights; continental mergers; and the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant., California Revealed

Topics discussed include: A special session called by Governor Brown; Senator Briggs retires; the impact of federal budget cuts on health and welfare programs; friends of the family; freedom riders; and commentary on Maureen Reagan., California Revealed

Topics discussed include: the Mediterranean fruit fly; Governor Brown responds to the Fair Political Practices Commission; verdict in the Robbins trial; and Watt and off-road vehicles in parks., California Revealed

Topics discussed include: Mediterranean fruit fly; literacy tests; budget briefing; smog check program; and public broadcasting., California Revealed

Topics discussed include: Announcement by the Environmental Protection Agency of financial sanctions against California for failing to impose a vehicle inspection program. 1980 legislative session recap; profile of Libertarian Presidential candidate Ed Clark; and an interview with the head of the Governor’s Solar Businesses Office., California Revealed