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In this study, an analysis of the environmental conditions in a Csa climatic zone for the conservation of plasterwork of the Real Alcázar of Seville is carried out. The measurements obtained from in-situ monitoring are compared with the measurements provided by AEMET (State Meteorological Agency in Spain) during the reference year and the study is completed by estimating future environmental conditions using two alternative approaches: a morphing process from the EPW of the climatic zone and the application of M5P data mining algorithms. An optimal temperature range is established for the conservation of the plasterwork that prevents their dehydration or the freezing of water particles contained. The transformation of gypsum into bassanite, the risks associated with exposures to high relative humidity and the consequences of the slight hygroscopicity of the material and the environmental conditions that must be developed to favor the growth of mold on the surface or the cracking of polychromies that embellish these plaster decorations on numerous occasions are analyzed. The results obtained allow us to establish preventive conservation measures not only on the plasterwork but also on the Real Alcázar of Seville and that architectural heritage located in the subtropical dry-summer climate.

La presente tesis doctoral constituye una aportación en el campo de la conservación preventiva del patrimonio arquitectónico a través del análisis del estado de conservación mediante inspecciones in situ y técnicas no destructivas (NDT) de las yeserías históricas y las policromías que decoran el Palacio de Pedro I (Real Alcázar de Sevilla). De este modo, se presenta una metodología de evaluación del estado de conservación y/o degradación de las yeserías históricas y sus policromías, mediante técnicas convencionales y NDT – medición de dureza superficial C-Shore, medición de la humedad superficial, detección de elementos metálicos de fijación, IRT, GPR, levantamientos fotogramétricos, seguimiento de las condiciones ambientales – que permiten una evaluación detallada de estos elementos decorativos. Esta metodología es replicable a cualquier caso de estudio de yeserías históricas y es fácilmente adaptable a otros materiales de revestimiento tradicionales como por ejemplo los alicatados y carpinterías de madera. Con objeto de facilitar la gestión y el mantenimiento preventivo se ha aplicado el método Fuzzy Building Service Life (FBSL) basado en lógica difusa, para realizar predicciones de funcionalidad de las estancias del Palacio de Pedro I, gestionando las vulnerabilidades y los riesgos que afectan a su rendimiento. Del mismo modo, se ha aplicado el modelo de degradación física basado en el cálculo del índice de degradación (Sw) para establecer una priorización en las intervenciones de mantenimiento y restauración a acometer a corto, medio y largo plazo., This doctoral dissertation contributes to the field of preventive conservation of architectural heritage through the analysis of the state of conservation through on-site inspections and non-destructive techniques (NDT) of the historic plasterwork and polychrome decoration of the Palace of Pedro I (Royal Alcazar of Seville). In this way, a methodology for evaluating the state of conservation and/or degradation of historic plasterwork and its polychromy is presented, using conventional techniques and NDT – measurement of C-Shore surface hardness, measurement of surface moisture, detection of metallic elements. fixing, IRT, GPR, photogrammetric surveys, monitoring of environmental conditions – which allow a detailed evaluation of these decorative elements. This methodology is replicable to any case study of historical plasterwork and is easily adaptable to other traditional cladding materials such as tiling and woodwork. In order to facilitate management and preventive maintenance, the Fuzzy Building Service Life (FBSL) method based on fuzzy logic has been applied to predict the functionality of the rooms in the Palace of Pedro I, managing vulnerabilities and risks that affect their performance. In the same way, the physical degradation model based on the calculation of the degradation index (Sw) has been applied to establish a prioritization in the maintenance and restoration interventions to be undertaken in the short, medium and long term.

In this study, an analysis of the environmental conditions in a Csa climatic zone for the conservation of plasterwork of the Real Alcázar of Seville is carried out. The measurements obtained from in-situ monitoring are compared with the measurements provided by AEMET (State Meteorological Agency in Spain) during the reference year and the study is completed by estimating future environmental conditions using two alternative approaches: a morphing process from the EPW of the climatic zone and the application of M5P data mining algorithms. An optimal temperature range is established for the conservation of the plasterwork that prevents their dehydration or the freezing of water particles contained. The transformation of gypsum into bassanite, the risks associated with exposures to high relative humidity and the consequences of the slight hygroscopicity of the material and the environmental conditions that must be developed to favor the growth of mold on the surface or the cracking of polychromies that embellish these plaster decorations on numerous occasions are analyzed. The results obtained allow us to establish preventive conservation measures not only on the plasterwork but also on the Real Alcázar of Seville and that architectural heritage located in the subtropical dry-summer climate.

Carrying out an intervention for the conservation and restoration of architectural heritage, focused on the preservation of decorative elements such as polychromed plasterwork, implies following a methodology to study the materials and techniques used in each case to establish an intervention proposal according to the circumstances. This work offers some methodological guidelines necessary to approach the conservation of plasterwork and its polychromies, applied in a recent case study according to the criteria established by the 14th General Assembly of ICOMOS in 2003, the Law 14/2007 of Andalusian Historical Heritage, the Law 16/1985 of the Spanish Historical Heritage, and indications contained in the ECCO Guidelines. The novelty of the paper is that it presents the conservation decisions on a real case from the beginning until the end — showing the entire process and validating the proposed methodology — by using current restoration techniques and digital tools for the reconstruction of plasterwork.

La presente tesis doctoral constituye una aportación en el campo de la conservación preventiva del patrimonio arquitectónico a través del análisis del estado de conservación mediante inspecciones in situ y técnicas no destructivas (NDT) de las yeserías históricas y las policromías que decoran el Palacio de Pedro I (Real Alcázar de Sevilla). De este modo, se presenta una metodología de evaluación del estado de conservación y/o degradación de las yeserías históricas y sus policromías, mediante técnicas convencionales y NDT – medición de dureza superficial C-Shore, medición de la humedad superficial, detección de elementos metálicos de fijación, IRT, GPR, levantamientos fotogramétricos, seguimiento de las condiciones ambientales – que permiten una evaluación detallada de estos elementos decorativos. Esta metodología es replicable a cualquier caso de estudio de yeserías históricas y es fácilmente adaptable a otros materiales de revestimiento tradicionales como por ejemplo los alicatados y carpinterías de madera. Con objeto de facilitar la gestión y el mantenimiento preventivo se ha aplicado el método Fuzzy Building Service Life (FBSL) basado en lógica difusa, para realizar predicciones de funcionalidad de las estancias del Palacio de Pedro I, gestionando las vulnerabilidades y los riesgos que afectan a su rendimiento. Del mismo modo, se ha aplicado el modelo de degradación física basado en el cálculo del índice de degradación (Sw) para establecer una priorización en las intervenciones de mantenimiento y restauración a acometer a corto, medio y largo plazo., This doctoral dissertation contributes to the field of preventive conservation of architectural heritage through the analysis of the state of conservation through on-site inspections and non-destructive techniques (NDT) of the historic plasterwork and polychrome decoration of the Palace of Pedro I (Royal Alcazar of Seville). In this way, a methodology for evaluating the state of conservation and/or degradation of historic plasterwork and its polychromy is presented, using conventional techniques and NDT – measurement of C-Shore surface hardness, measurement of surface moisture, detection of metallic elements. fixing, IRT, GPR, photogrammetric surveys, monitoring of environmental conditions – which allow a detailed evaluation of these decorative elements. This methodology is replicable to any case study of historical plasterwork and is easily adaptable to other traditional cladding materials such as tiling and woodwork. In order to facilitate management and preventive maintenance, the Fuzzy Building Service Life (FBSL) method based on fuzzy logic has been applied to predict the functionality of the rooms in the Palace of Pedro I, managing vulnerabilities and risks that affect their performance. In the same way, the physical degradation model based on the calculation of the degradation index (Sw) has been applied to establish a prioritization in the maintenance and restoration interventions to be undertaken in the short, medium and long term.

Carrying out an intervention for the conservation and restoration of architectural heritage, focused on the preservation of decorative elements such as polychromed plasterwork, implies following a methodology to study the materials and techniques used in each case to establish an intervention proposal according to the circumstances. This work offers some methodological guidelines necessary to approach the conservation of plasterwork and its polychromies, applied in a recent case study according to the criteria established by the 14th General Assembly of ICOMOS in 2003, the Law 14/2007 of Andalusian Historical Heritage, the Law 16/1985 of the Spanish Historical Heritage, and indications contained in the ECCO Guidelines. The novelty of the paper is that it presents the conservation decisions on a real case from the beginning until the end — showing the entire process and validating the proposed methodology — by using current restoration techniques and digital tools for the reconstruction of plasterwork.

In a previous study, a layer of limewash was detected over the gypsum plasterworks used to decorate different spaces of the Real Alcázar of Seville such as interior rooms, patios and outdoor galleries. In this paper its use is analysed, namely whether it improves the properties of the plasterworks and provides a protective effect, through accelerated weathering tests designed specifically to reproduce real environmental conditions. Plaster specimens with similar composition and physical characteristics to those of the original plasterworks were prepared. After the cure of the specimens, the application of a layer of limewash was made. Samples were subjected to weathering tests that consist of water absorption cycles (by capillarity and immersion) and drying. The results showed that the application of limewash did not improve the durability of the plaster significantly, although seemed to have a more protective effect against weathering by capillarity tests in the specimens prepared with a higher water/plaster ratio. In fact, after the immersion tests a great part of the limewash layer became detached, while in the plasterworks of the Real Alcázar this behaviour has not been observed. So, capillarity tests seem to be more adequate to reproduce the real weathering conditions of these ornamental elements.

In a previous study, a layer of limewash was detected over the gypsum plasterworks used to decorate different spaces of the Real Alcázar of Seville such as interior rooms, patios and outdoor galleries. In this paper its use is analysed, namely whether it improves the properties of the plasterworks and provides a protective effect, through accelerated weathering tests designed specifically to reproduce real environmental conditions. Plaster specimens with similar composition and physical characteristics to those of the original plasterworks were prepared. After the cure of the specimens, the application of a layer of limewash was made. Samples were subjected to weathering tests that consist of water absorption cycles (by capillarity and immersion) and drying. The results showed that the application of limewash did not improve the durability of the plaster significantly, although seemed to have a more protective effect against weathering by capillarity tests in the specimens prepared with a higher water/plaster ratio. In fact, after the immersion tests a great part of the limewash layer became detached, while in the plasterworks of the Real Alcázar this behaviour has not been observed. So, capillarity tests seem to be more adequate to reproduce the real weathering conditions of these ornamental elements.

State of conservation studies carried out before rehabilitation and restoration interventions constitute solid support to make decisions about architectural heritage. In this way, the study of historical plasterwork has been performed through non-destructive tests by measuring environmental conditions and surface properties, taking thermographic images, mapping risks by indicating cavities, cracks and metal fixings -among others- and checking the stability of the present polychrome. This method was applied in the plasterwork of the upper frieze of the Toledanos Room, in the Royal Alcázar of Seville, due to the relevance of the building and its decorative coatings, and established parameters to assess the state of conservation of both, the Royal Alcázar of Seville plasterwork and other heritage buildings with similar coatings. The compilation and analysis of all the results presented in this paper show a positive assessment of the stability and conservation of the frieze plasterwork. Thermohygrometric conditions and physical-mechanical properties are acceptable, vertical cracks – sometimes of large dimensions and also great depth-are stabilized and apparently do not affect the structural integrity and polychromies studied are mostly unstable and re-chromatics were widely used in previously inpainting to imitate reliefs inadequately.

In a previous study, a layer of limewash was detected over the gypsum plasterworks used to decorate different spaces of the Real Alcázar of Seville such as interior rooms, patios and outdoor galleries. In this paper its use is analysed, namely whether it improves the properties of the plasterworks and provides a protective effect, through accelerated weathering tests designed specifically to reproduce real environmental conditions. Plaster specimens with similar composition and physical characteristics to those of the original plasterworks were prepared. After the cure of the specimens, the application of a layer of limewash was made. Samples were subjected to weathering tests that consist of water absorption cycles (by capillarity and immersion) and drying. The results showed that the application of limewash did not improve the durability of the plaster significantly, although seemed to have a more protective effect against weathering by capillarity tests in the specimens prepared with a higher water/plaster ratio. In fact, after the immersion tests a great part of the limewash layer became detached, while in the plasterworks of the Real Alcázar this behaviour has not been observed. So, capillarity tests seem to be more adequate to reproduce the real weathering conditions of these ornamental elements.

In a previous study, a layer of limewash was detected over the gypsum plasterworks used to decorate different spaces of the Real Alcázar of Seville such as interior rooms, patios and outdoor galleries. In this paper its use is analysed, namely whether it improves the properties of the plasterworks and provides a protective effect, through accelerated weathering tests designed specifically to reproduce real environmental conditions. Plaster specimens with similar composition and physical characteristics to those of the original plasterworks were prepared. After the cure of the specimens, the application of a layer of limewash was made. Samples were subjected to weathering tests that consist of water absorption cycles (by capillarity and immersion) and drying. The results showed that the application of limewash did not improve the durability of the plaster significantly, although seemed to have a more protective effect against weathering by capillarity tests in the specimens prepared with a higher water/plaster ratio. In fact, after the immersion tests a great part of the limewash layer became detached, while in the plasterworks of the Real Alcázar this behaviour has not been observed. So, capillarity tests seem to be more adequate to reproduce the real weathering conditions of these ornamental elements.

This work examines a polychrome plasterwork in one of the most important scalloped arches in the Ambassadors Hall (Salón de Embajadores), which is the most outstanding room in the Mudéjar Palace of the Real Alcázar of Seville (Spain). Characterization by stratigraphy, XFR, XRD, and FTIR studies has supplied data on changes in the composition and colors in this building element. The research is complemented with historical information on the most significant interventions in this hall. Graphic analysis and the modeling of decorative geometric elements in 3D with BIM software were used to simulate its evolution from its original state. The results characterize the base plasterwork and the polychromies constituted by 1–3 microlayers with a thickness between 5 and 300 lm, formed of blue (19.88% Cu-azurite), vermilion (19.00% Pb-massicot and 5.34% Hg-cinnabar), and golden layers (68.93% Au). The colors were obtained through the use of mineral pigments such as azurite, cinnabar-litharge, and gold-leaf, respectively. The rich colors visible in this hall now have varied over time.

This work examines a polychrome plasterwork in one of the most important scalloped arches in the Ambassadors Hall (Salón de Embajadores), which is the most outstanding room in the Mudéjar Palace of the Real Alcázar of Seville (Spain). Characterization by stratigraphy, XFR, XRD, and FTIR studies has supplied data on changes in the composition and colors in this building element. The research is complemented with historical information on the most significant interventions in this hall. Graphic analysis and the modeling of decorative geometric elements in 3D with BIM software were used to simulate its evolution from its original state. The results characterize the base plasterwork and the polychromies constituted by 1–3 microlayers with a thickness between 5 and 300 lm, formed of blue (19.88% Cu-azurite), vermilion (19.00% Pb-massicot and 5.34% Hg-cinnabar), and golden layers (68.93% Au). The colors were obtained through the use of mineral pigments such as azurite, cinnabar-litharge, and gold-leaf, respectively. The rich colors visible in this hall now have varied over time.

This work examines a polychrome plasterwork in one of the most important scalloped arches in the Ambassadors Hall (Salón de Embajadores), which is the most outstanding room in the Mudéjar Palace of the Real Alcázar of Seville (Spain). Characterization by stratigraphy, XFR, XRD, and FTIR studies has supplied data on changes in the composition and colors in this building element. The research is complemented with historical information on the most significant interventions in this hall. Graphic analysis and the modeling of decorative geometric elements in 3D with BIM software were used to simulate its evolution from its original state. The results characterize the base plasterwork and the polychromies constituted by 1–3 microlayers with a thickness between 5 and 300 lm, formed of blue (19.88% Cu-azurite), vermilion (19.00% Pb-massicot and 5.34% Hg-cinnabar), and golden layers (68.93% Au). The colors were obtained through the use of mineral pigments such as azurite, cinnabar-litharge, and gold-leaf, respectively. The rich colors visible in this hall now have varied over time.

This work examines a polychrome plasterwork in one of the most important scalloped arches in the Ambassadors Hall (Salón de Embajadores), which is the most outstanding room in the Mudéjar Palace of the Real Alcázar of Seville (Spain). Characterization by stratigraphy, XFR, XRD, and FTIR studies has supplied data on changes in the composition and colors in this building element. The research is complemented with historical information on the most significant interventions in this hall. Graphic analysis and the modeling of decorative geometric elements in 3D with BIM software were used to simulate its evolution from its original state. The results characterize the base plasterwork and the polychromies constituted by 1–3 microlayers with a thickness between 5 and 300 lm, formed of blue (19.88% Cu-azurite), vermilion (19.00% Pb-massicot and 5.34% Hg-cinnabar), and golden layers (68.93% Au). The colors were obtained through the use of mineral pigments such as azurite, cinnabar-litharge, and gold-leaf, respectively. The rich colors visible in this hall now have varied over time.

The study of (micro)layer structure in walls is a fundamental tool for expanding our knowledge of historical buildings and developing suitable proposals for intervention and restoration. In materials such as plasterwork, the (micro)layer sequence can be confusing, resulting in the need for a more detailed analysis in order to accurately determine the materials and interventions carried out on a given decorative element in the past. This work presents a methodological proposal based on optical microscopy, XRD, micro-XRD, SEM-EDAX, FTIR, and 14C dating to accurately identify the structure and composition of the different types of microlayers comprising the plasterwork. The resulting data are of great use in decision-making for restoration and can be compared with historiographic information in order to confirm hypotheses or clarify gaps in chronological adscription.

The study of (micro)layer structure in walls is a fundamental tool for expanding our knowledge of historical buildings and developing suitable proposals for intervention and restoration. In materials such as plasterwork, the (micro)layer sequence can be confusing, resulting in the need for a more detailed analysis in order to accurately determine the materials and interventions carried out on a given decorative element in the past. This work presents a methodological proposal based on optical microscopy, XRD, micro-XRD, SEM-EDAX, FTIR, and 14C dating to accurately identify the structure and composition of the different types of microlayers comprising the plasterwork. The resulting data are of great use in decision-making for restoration and can be compared with historiographic information in order to confirm hypotheses or clarify gaps in chronological adscription.

The study of (micro)layer structure in walls is a fundamental tool for expanding our knowledge of historical buildings and developing suitable proposals for intervention and restoration. In materials such as plasterwork, the (micro)layer sequence can be confusing, resulting in the need for a more detailed analysis in order to accurately determine the materials and interventions carried out on a given decorative element in the past. This work presents a methodological proposal based on optical microscopy, XRD, micro-XRD, SEM-EDAX, FTIR, and 14C dating to accurately identify the structure and composition of the different types of microlayers comprising the plasterwork. The resulting data are of great use in decision-making for restoration and can be compared with historiographic information in order to confirm hypotheses or clarify gaps in chronological adscription.

Plasterwork, a very typical element of Islamic art, comprises highly artistic decorative elements on wall, arches, and vaults. Due to their gypsum composition, such elements are easily weathered, primarily because of low mechanical strength and slight solubility in water. This work has studied the traditional Islamic plasterwork in the halls and patios of the Mudéjar Palace (13–16th centuries) in the Real Alcázar of Seville. This palace complex was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1987. The analysis of its porosity and shore C surface hardness has allowed determination of the mathematical correlation between them. Consequently, future evaluations can merely measure the hardness (a non-destructive test) to estimate the plasterwork’s porosity (which reveals its mechanical strength and its degree of weathering). These elementsmust bemaintained inorder topreventthe spread ofpathologies.Inaddition to requiring an in-depth knowledge of its materials, application techniques, and properties, to do so also demands simple techniques for regular assessments and criteria to prioritize interventions ifthey become necessary

Plasterwork, a very typical element of Islamic art, comprises highly artistic decorative elements on wall, arches, and vaults. Due to their gypsum composition, such elements are easily weathered, primarily because of low mechanical strength and slight solubility in water. This work has studied the traditional Islamic plasterwork in the halls and patios of the Mudéjar Palace (13–16th centuries) in the Real Alcázar of Seville. This palace complex was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1987. The analysis of its porosity and shore C surface hardness has allowed determination of the mathematical correlation between them. Consequently, future evaluations can merely measure the hardness (a non-destructive test) to estimate the plasterwork’s porosity (which reveals its mechanical strength and its degree of weathering). These elementsmust bemaintained inorder topreventthe spread ofpathologies.Inaddition to requiring an in-depth knowledge of its materials, application techniques, and properties, to do so also demands simple techniques for regular assessments and criteria to prioritize interventions ifthey become necessary

Plasterwork, a very typical element of Islamic art, comprises highly artistic decorative elements on wall, arches, and vaults. Due to their gypsum composition, such elements are easily weathered, primarily because of low mechanical strength and slight solubility in water. This work has studied the traditional Islamic plasterwork in the halls and patios of the Mudéjar Palace (13–16th centuries) in the Real Alcázar of Seville. This palace complex was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1987. The analysis of its porosity and shore C surface hardness has allowed determination of the mathematical correlation between them. Consequently, future evaluations can merely measure the hardness (a non-destructive test) to estimate the plasterwork’s porosity (which reveals its mechanical strength and its degree of weathering). These elementsmust bemaintained inorder topreventthe spread ofpathologies.Inaddition to requiring an in-depth knowledge of its materials, application techniques, and properties, to do so also demands simple techniques for regular assessments and criteria to prioritize interventions ifthey become necessary

View of one story stucco Assembly of God church building with Mission style parapet, and cross on the front facade of the building., Film negatives, 10 x 13 cm., Title printed on negative.

This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

Seventeen images of the Lampl house near Mott, North Dakota., Film negatives; Slides; Color images, Title supplied by staff., The Lampl house was built by a member of a German family from Austria-Hungary (Banat) in an unknown year. The building is constructed of a combination of clay and stones and plastered through. The exterior walls are stone with interior walls of lath and clay plaster. The house has a gable roof with a drip edge at the bottom of the gable wall. The house has an open porch supported by several pillars and a large framed addition at the back. The building shows various degrees of deterioration. The building has been abandoned for the long time., Book Committee (Regent, N.D.). Our Fifty Years, Regent, N.D.: 1911-1961 (Regent, N.D.: The Committee, 1961) p. 26. http://odin-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/ndsu:NDSU_ALL:NDSU_ALMA21171588730001321. Essig (F644.R43 O87) Stark County Historical Society (Stark County, N.D.). Stark County Heritage and Destiny. Bismarck, N.D.: Taylor Pub. Comapany, 1978, p.82-83 Retrieved from http://odin-primo.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/ndsu:NDSU_ALL:NDSU_ALMA21166861910001321 Essig (F642.S7 S72 1978 )

This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

Large two-story cross-gable wood frame Craftsman style house. Half timbering visible in the gables. Gabled canopy over front door held up by triangular brace supports. Stucco covered chimney visible along side of building. Awnings on front facing windows., Film negatives; Gelatin silver prints, 9 x 15 cm., "402 - 8 St. S." - Handwritten on front of print., Photographer unknown. Title supplied by staff., House built between 1910 and 1916. Maurice Kaufman and his wife Sarah were owners of the house from around 1920 until 1952. It was then occupied by Surety Mutual Life & Casualty Co. About 2001 the building was moved to 1123 5th Avenue S.

Large two-story cross-gable wood frame Craftsman style house. Half timbering visible in the gables. Gabled canopy over front door held up by triangular brace supports. Stucco covered chimney visible along side of building. Awnings on front facing windows., Film negatives; Gelatin silver prints, 9 x 15 cm., "402 - 8 St. S." - Handwritten on front of print., Photographer unknown. Title supplied by staff., House built between 1910 and 1916. Maurice Kaufman and his wife Sarah were owners of the house from around 1920 until 1952. It was then occupied by Surety Mutual Life & Casualty Co. About 2001 the building was moved to 1123 5th Avenue S.

One and one half story Prairie style house; stucco walls; side-gabled, steep-pitched roof; full-length, one-story porch with small upper porch directly above covered by a shed-dormer; square pier porch supports., Film negatives, 9 x 15 cm., Title supplied by staff. Photographer unknown., Built in 1916, first owner listed as Clinton H. Smith, traveling agent. Owned in 1928 by Bradley C. Marks, the grand master workman of the Ancient Order of United Workmen.

Two story stucco hotel building with two automobiles parked in front. Signs on building state "Violet Hotel & Cafe", "Violet Hotel, Modern steam heated, hot & cold water" and "Restaurant and lunch room, dining room in connection". Trees partially obstructing building., Photographic postcards; Gelatin silver prints, 9 x 14 cm., "6812" - Printed on front of postcard., Title printed on front of postcard. Photographer unknown.

Two story, brick and stucco Arts and Crafts style house. One story sun room on right side of house. Half timbering on the second level., Film negatives; Gelatin silver prints, 9 x 15 cm., "824 - 8 st. so." - Handwritten on front of print., Title supplied by staff. Photographer unknown., "Fred A. Irish house (824 8th St. S.): 1916; brick veneer on first story and stucco on second; Arts and Crafts; stucco is half timbered; brickwork in Flemish bond; gables on roof and over front entry terminate in a torch and flame finial."- Fargo's Heritage, by Norene A. Roberts. 1983, p. 69.

One-story stucco Spanish Mission Style house with simulated log ends sticking out of wall above front window. Tile roof above front door. Garage visible behind house. Snow on the ground., Film negatives; Gelatin silver prints, 9 x 15 cm., "1505 - 8 St. So." - Handwritten on front of print., Title supplied by staff. Photographer unknown., "1505 8th St. S.: 1925; Spanish Mission Revival; bungalow; red tile roof; grouped small paned windows; simulated log ends sticking through walls over windows on front facade; L-shaped with raised patio filling the ell and leading to front door; flat roof on main part of structure." - Fargo's Heritage, by Norene A. Roberts. 1983, p. 82.

Two story stucco English Cottage style house with half-timbering in front gable. Arcaded wing wall extending to the left with a garden walk through. Random stone veneer around the foundation and over the lower level doorways. Front facing stucco covered chimney., Film negatives, 9 x 15 cm., Title supplied by staff. Photographer unknown. No print in collection., "1533 8th St. S.: 1931; English Cottage; stuccoed; front-facing chimney; stone veneer trimmed; swooping front facing gable half-timbered at second story and swooping to an arched garden entrance to side of house. Gabled front entry, trimmed in random stone veneer. Random patterned stone facing on foundation."- Fargo's Heritage, by Norene A. Roberts. 1983, p. 82.

Two-story stucco front and side gable English Cottage style house with bay window next to arched front entry. Portion of house at 1444 8th Street S. is visible to the left. Some snow on the ground., Film negatives; Gelatin silver prints, 9 x 15 cm., "1448 - 8 St. S." - Handwritten on front of photograph., Title supplied by staff. Photographer unknown., "Julius R. Baker house (1450 8th St. S.): 1927; stucco; English Cottage Revival; irregular massing, intersecting gable roof with front facing gable swooping down to first story front entry; front entry is rounded-arched and brick faced; deeply overhung roof and two chimneys. Built for $9,500 by Meinecke-Johnson Co., contractors."- Fargo's Heritage, by Norene A. Roberts. 1983, p. 83.

Two story stucco English Cottage style house. House has an arcaded wing with arched walk through on the left side. Front gable is half timbered, and has a front facing chimney with detailed plasterwork., Gelatin silver prints; Film negatives, 9 x 15 cm., "1533 - 8 St. S." - Handwritten on front of print., Title supplied by staff. Photographer unknown., "1533 8th St. S.: 1931; English Cottage; stuccoed; front-facing chimney; stone veneer trimmed; swooping front facing gable half timbered at second story and swooping to an arched garden entrance to side of house. Gabled front entry, trimmed in random stone veneer. Random patterened stone facing on foundation."- Fargo's Heritage, by Norene A. Roberts. 1983, p. 82. First owner listed as optometrist, Clair G. Sherdahl in 1932 Fargo-Moorhead city directory.

Two-story Tudor Revival house with stucco and half timbering on second level. Brick on first level, chimney, and on gable over front door. House has a sweeping roof line. Arched front entry with inset door. Hedge visible running along sidewalk. Birdhouse in the backyard., Film negatives; Gelatin silver prints, 9 x 15 cm., "1521 - 8 St. So." - Handwritten on front of photograph., Title supplied by staff. Photographer unknown., "1521 8th St. S.: 1928; Tudor Revival; stucco and half timbering on second story; red brick on first story and in front facing gable. This gable terminates in elaborate tapestry-patterned brick at top of gable. Complicated roof line with intersecting gables; one jerkin head gable and sweeping roof line down to first story on south side; sprung arched front entry with recessed door."- Fargo's Heritage, by Norene A. Roberts. 1983, p. 82.

Plaster ceilings from one of Cardinal Wolsey's rooms and the watching chamber., Plate CLXVIII., This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

I, II. Speke Hall, Lancashire.; III. Loseley Manor House, Surrey.; IV. Parham Hall, Sussex.; V. Mapperton Manor House, Dorset., Plate CLXIX., This archival material has been provided for educational purposes. Ball State University Libraries recognizes that some historic items may include offensive content. Our statement regarding objectionable content is available at: https://dmr.bsu.edu/digital/about

A close-up of a decorative wall engraving in a Goodyear building in Luxemburg. One black and white photograph.

Plaster cast of a tire labeled "#5 #8745 L.F. E 32276 5272 Miles 3 Positions Camden." One black and white photograph.

Plaster cast of a tire labeled "#1 Test 0798 1000-20Gyrio 'XT' BR'D 317 2 Positions 2804 Miles." One black and white photograph.

Plaster cast of a tire labeled "#2' Test 0798 1000-20 Gyrio 'XT' 2 positions 2800 Miles BR'D 316." One black and white photograph.

Plaster cast of a tire labeled "#4 Test 0798 1000-Gyrio 'XT' BR'D 313 2 Positions 6455 Miles." One black and white photograph.

Plaster cast of a tire labeled "#2 BUS # 2795 R.F. BR'D # 1013 5364 Miles 2 Positions Pacific Electric Most Uneven Wear." One black and white photograph.

Plaster cast of a tire labeled "BR'D #264 5564 Miles 1 position Los Angeles Transit." One black and white photograph.

Plaster cast of a tire labeled "#1 Test 0785 L.F. Bus#2565 ED 23200 10,681 Chicago." One black and white photograph.

Plaster cast of a tire labeled "#4 Test 0785 L.F. Bus # 2571 ED 23168 10738 Miles Chicago." One black and white photograph.

Plaster cast of a tire labeled "#3 Test 0798 1000-20Gyrio 'XT' BR'D 308 1 position 6391 Miles." One black and white photograph.