Search

The interplay between adiabatic cooling and isothermal ordering is analyzed to rebut the proof of the equivalence of the Nernst theorem and the heat capacity statement of the third law presented by Su and Chen., Se analiza la conexión entre el enfriamiento adiabático y la ordenación isoterma para refutar la demostración de la equivalencia del teorema de Nernst y el enunciado de la capacidad calorı́fica del tercer principio de la termodinámica presentado por Su y Chen.

Článek se zabývá existenciální rolí předporozumění u vůdčích zakladatelů kvantové teorie. V úvodní části je zmíněna paralela mezi Kuhnovým pojetím paradigmatu a Heideggerovým pojetím předporozumění a rovněž paralela mezi Heideggerovou a Bohrovou filosofií vědy. V první části se článek obrací ke schematickému seznámení se s Heideggerovým hermeneuticko-fenomenologickým uchopením pojmu rozumění. Ve druhé části se autor pokouší prostřednictvím rozmanitých příkladů aplikovat tuto koncepci na způsob myšlení, s nímž fyzici (Planck, Einstein, de Broglie, Rutherford, Bohr, Heisenberg a Schrödinger) přistupovali k řešení vědeckých hádanek a návrhům nových předpokladů při vzniku kvantové teorie. Text slouží jako východisko pro hlubší diskusi v metodologii a filosofii vědy, v níž je stále podceňována zásadní role předporozumění ve vědeckých aktivitách., The study deals with an existential role of pre-understandings in the leading founders of quantum theory. The introductory section mentions a parallel between Kuhn's conception of paradigm and Heidegger's conception of pre-understanding, as well as a parallel between Heidegger's and Bohr's philosophy of science. Firstly, the study presents a schematic introduction to Heidegger's hermeneutic-phenomenological approach to the concept of understanding. Secondly, this concept is applied to various ways of thinking with which physicists (Planck, Einstein, de Broglie, Rutherford, Bohr, Heisenberg and Schrödinger) approached the solutions of scientific puzzles and constructions of new assumptions in the development of quantum theory. The aim of the article attempts to assist the further profound discussion in the methodology and philosophy of science, since the crucial role of pre-understandings in scientific activities is still underestimated.

In this paper, we prove that, in the deep limit, the stochastic gradient descent on a ResNet type deep neural network, where each layer shares the same weight matrix, converges to the stochastic gradient descent for a Neural ODE and that the corresponding value/loss functions converge. Our result gives, in the context of minimization by stochastic gradient descent, a theoretical foundation for considering Neural ODEs as the deep limit of ResNets. Our proof is based on certain decay estimates for associated Fokker-Planck equations.

The current cosmological probes have provided a fantastic confirmation of the standard A Cold Dark Matter cosmological model, which has been constrained with unprecedented accuracy. However, with the increase of the experimental sensitivity, a few statistically significant tensions between different independent cosmological datasets emerged. While these tensions can be in part the result of systematic errors, the persistence after several years of accurate analysis strongly hints at cracks in the standard cosmological scenario and the need for new physics. In this Letter of Interest we will focus on the 4.4 sigma - tension between the Planck estimate of the Hubble constant H-0 and the SH0ES collaboration measurements. After showing the H-0 evaluations made from different teams using different methods and geometric calibrations, we will list a few interesting models of new physics that could solve this tension and discuss how the next decade's experiments will be crucial. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

[EN] The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) has supposed an electromagnetic source of information for studying the properties of the early Universe, as well as for clarifying a wide range of uncertainties related to its thermal history and evolution. It is for these reasons that it has been of a great significance to measure such ancient radiation with high accuracy. In fact, a great deal of both ground and space experiments have been performed throughout history, where scientists have been facing formidable challenges in the sense of developing innovative techniques and making use of unprecedented instrumentation. Radiometry is the scientific field that takes on the study of radio receivers, analyses their characteristics (sensitivity, resolution, signal model, circuitry...) and explores different measurement methods in order to obtain more and more rigorous results. It is in this sense that the Planck Mission from the European Space Agency (ESA) has been considered one of the biggest breakthroughs in the last years: it has been able to measure the CMB radiation with unique sensitivity and angular resolution, and has revealed both CMB temperature and polarization maps. Hence our main objective is going to be to provide an overview of radiometry concepts and then focus on the so-called differential or pseudo-correlation radiometers used in the Planck Satellite. Besides, the particular case of the mentioned receptors will give us the opportunity to develop a specific analytical model for them, where our main goal will be to combine the theoretical results with simulation-based ones, strengthening in this way the successful performance and great utility of the technique employed in Planck Mission. Concerning the structure of this work, in the upcoming second chapter we will give a general insight of the most important events through the Universe’s thermal history in order to understand the origin of the CMB and its properties; moreover, we will also briefly mention som

A black body is an ideal object that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation and simultaneously emits radiation that only depends on the temperature. The radiation is described by Planck's radiation law and its maximum by Wien's displacement law. The aim of this project is to study Planck's and Wien's laws in the frequency and wavelength domains, by theoretical studies and numerical studies in the programming language Python. Planck's law can be derived by regarding a cavity where the internal radiation either can be regarded as waves or as a gas of photons. In this study, the main focus lies in the derivation assuming radiation can be treated as waves, which uses the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. This derivation is also used when the radiation is simulated numerically in Python. The numerical studies use the stochastic method "hit and miss" to generate the different properties of the emitted radiation. Planck's law occurs in many different forms, the differences between some of them is explained in this project. When transforming between the domains one must use a Jacobian. If this is forgotten Wien's law, which is derived from Planck’s law, efficiently shows how the peaks of the correct and the transformed curves are at different positions. The results show that Planck's law accurately can be derived numerically. Even though the chosen method successfully reproduces the Planck distribution the program can be improved by using the inverse transform method for sampling. To study this subject further one could consider deriving and simulating the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution., En svart kropp är intressant att undersöka på grund av dess unika förmåga att absorbera och emittera elektromagnetisk strålning. Dessvärre kan den svarta kroppen vara svår att föreställa sig. Det vedertagna knepet för att illustrera detta fenomen är att tänka sig en låda inuti vilken det finns fotoner, och därmed energi. Fotoner kan som bekant betraktas som vågor likväl som partiklar och turligt nog spelar det ingen roll vilket sätt man väljer, svartkroppsstrålningen kan studeras ur båda dessa infallsvinklar. Tänker man sig också att det finns ett mycket litet hål i lådans vägg är det lätt att inse att fotonerna kommer att lämna lådan ur detsamma. Det är denna strålning som är svartkroppsstrålning. Svartkroppsstrålningen är fördelad enligt Plancks strålningslag som vanligtvis härleds med hjälp av teorin kring statistisk fysik som appliceras på den tänkta lådan. Detta görs även i denna studie, såväl som en numerisk simulering i programmeringsspråket Python. Ett program för studier av svartkroppsstrålning, vars främsta syfte är att simulera denna med utgångspunkt i samma låda, har skapats och förväntas kunna hjälpa den intresserade att skaffa sig förståelse för egenskaperna hos Plancks lag. För detta program används med framgång den stokastiska metoden "hit and miss" som tillåter användaren att sampla slumptal från en given fördelning. Utöver Plancks lag studeras också Wiens lag. Wiens lag beskriver vid vilken frekvens strålningen kommer att ha sitt maximum och härleds ur Plancks lag. Plancks lag förekommer i många olika former vilka beskriver olika fysikaliska storheter. I denna studie utreds dessa. Att transformera mellan de olika formerna av lagen är inte så simpelt som man kan luras att tro, utan kräver viss matematisk eftertanke. Det visar sig vara avgörande att använda en mycket viktig transformationsfaktor kallad Jacobian. Detta ger såklart också konsekvenser för Wiens lag som kommer att se olika ut beroende på vilken form av Plancks lag den härleds ur.

The Cosmic Microwave Background is one of the most important sources of information about the Early Universe, since it is composed by photons emitted when the Universe was only 377 000 years old. Observing it, however, entails several difficulties. One of them is the presence of unresolved point sources in the foreground. In this work, we implement a recent algorithm that takes advantage of needlet filtering and multiple testing Statistics. We create a flexible and complete programme and apply it to simulations and Planck anisotropy maps. In the simulations, the algorithm is able to recover essentially all point sources with an intensity above 3 to 4 with very low percentage of false detections. On some of the Planck maps, the algorithm detects a population of maxima incompatible with the assumed gaussianity of the Cosmic Microwave Background., Javier Carrón Duque, Universität Innsbruck, Masterarbeit, 2018, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Masterarbeit, 2018, (VLID)2862248

We present two novel methods for the estimation of the angular power spectrum of cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies. We assume an absolute CMB experiment with arbitrary asymmetric beams and arbitrary sky coverage. The methods differ from the earlier ones in that the power spectrum is estimated directly from the time-ordered data, without first compressing the data into a sky map, and they take into account the effect of asymmetric beams. In particular, they correct the beam-induced leakage from temperature to polarization. The methods are applicable to a case where part of the sky has been masked out to remove foreground contamination, leaving a pure CMB signal, but incomplete sky coverage. The first method (deconvolution quadratic maximum likelihood) is derived as the optimal quadratic estimator, which simultaneously yields an unbiased spectrum estimate and minimizes its variance. We successfully apply it to multipoles up to l = 200. The second method is derived as a weak-signal approximation from the first one. It yields an unbiased estimate for the full multipole range, but relaxes the requirement of minimal variance. We validate the methods with simulations for the 70 GHz channel of Planck surveyor, and demonstrate that we are able to correct the beam effects in the TT, EE, BB and TE spectra up to multipole l = 1500. Together, the two methods cover the complete multipole range with no gap in between.

Almost all theories of Quantum Gravity predict modifications of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle near the Planck scale to a so-called Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP). Recently it was shown that the GUP gives rise to corrections to the Schr¨odinger and Dirac equations, which in turn affect all non-relativistic and relativistic quantum Hamiltonians. In this paper, we apply it to superconductivity and the quantum Hall effect and compute Planck scale corrections. We also show that Planck scale effects may account for a (small) part of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. We obtain (weak) empirical bounds on the undetermined GUP parameter from present-day experiments.

We examine effects of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle, predicted by various theories of quantum gravity to replace the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle near the Planck scale, on post inflation preheating in cosmology, and show that it can predict either an increase or a decrease in parametric resonance and a corresponding change in particle production. Possible implications are considered.

We investigate the effects of Quantum Gravity on the Planck era of the universe. In particular, using different versions of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle and under specific conditions we find that the main Planck quantities such as the Planck time, length, mass and energy become larger by a factor of order 10−104 compared to those quantities which result from the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. However, we prove that the dimensionless entropy enclosed in the cosmological horizon at the Planck time remains unchanged. These results, though preliminary, indicate that we should anticipate modifications in the set-up of cosmology since changes in the Planck era will be inherited even to the late universe through the framework of Quantum Gravity (or Quantum Field Theory) which utilizes the Planck scale as a fundamental one. More importantly, these corrections will not affect the entropic content of the universe at the Planck time which is a crucial element for one of the basic principles of Quantum Gravity named Holographic Principle.

En este proyecto final de carrera se procederá a la comprobación, si una cámara fotográfica comercial aporta imágenes adecuadas para calcular la temperatura de cuerpos incandescentes mediante la relación entre las componentes roja, verde y azul. El modelo empleado ha sido la NIKON D50 y el formato de fichero de salida el RAW. Se ha utilizado Matlab como entorno de trabajo para el análisis de las imágenes y el estudio de los datos.

Thermal radiation is an important physical phenomenon in combustion environments. For the understanding of existing- and the design of new combustion environments computational modelling is a useful tool as it can describe the different transport phenomena. This thesis has focused on studying thermal radiative property models of the participating media, gases and particles. Two specific combustion environments have also been studied, from a thermal radiation perspective. The focus is on radiative property models that are useful specifically for engineering purposes. These property models are often developed from more advanced spectral models by means of correlative or other methods to simplify the treatment of the radiative transfer. One such model is the non-correlated statistical narrow band (SNB) model, which drops spectral relation between intensity and transmissivity, which is used in the correlated SNB model. By doing so a significant decrease in computational demand can be achieved. The accuracy of this model has been questioned in the literature although it has been suggested as an appropriate option for sooty environments. The assessment of the model revealed that it only gives good predictions in large geometries and highly sooty environments. Because of the model’s limited applicability and a still rather high computational demand it is not recommended for use even in sooty environments. A simpler model, and computationally much faster, called the weighted sum of gray gas (WSGG) model accompanied the assessment of the non-correlated SNB model. The WSGG model was shown to be a better choice than the non-correlated SNB model in sooty environments. A gray gas property model was compared with a WSGG model in combustion environments resembling the ones found in grate fired furnaces. In these environments, which also contains particles, the gray model was shown to give predictions of wall heat flux in close agreement with the WSGG model. This shows how the simp

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation encodes invaluable information about types of space-time distortions the universe experienced during its early inflationary epoch. This research draws upon data from the Planck Satellite to characterize the non-Gaussianity of the CMB fluctuations—in other words, the extent to which the fluctuations are independent at different angular scales. It then proposes a model of cosmological inflation based on coupled scalar fields that accounts for appreciable non-Gaussianity and illustrates how the constraining the parameter space of the model forces it to comply with the measured non-Gaussianity.

Accurate fitting of the noisy irregular amplitude only main beam data is essential for the retrieval of the Planck space telescope geometry [1]. Therefore, a novel two-step fitting algorithm which focuses on the spatial dependency of the in-flight measurements has been implemented. To reduce both the noise and the size of the dataset a spatial filter is applied, without reducing the amount of pattern information. Thereafter, a Kriging [2], [3] fitting is performed, providing a smooth model with a significant noise level reduction. As a result, this algorithm provides a much more accurate and smoother result, reasonable error estimates and runtimes several orders of magnitudes faster than the previous algorithms.

Flux limitation and preheat are important processes in electron transport occurring in laser produced plasmas. The proper calculation of both of these has been a subject receiving much attention over the entire lifetime of the laser fusion project. Where nonlocal transport (instead of simple single flux limit) has been modeled, it has always been with what we denote the equivalent diffusion solution, namely treating the transport as only a diffusion process. We introduce here a new approach called the nonlocal source solution and show it is numerically viable for laser produced plasmas. It turns out that the equivalent diffusion solution generally underestimates preheat. Furthermore, the advance of the temperature front, and especially the preheat, can be held up by artificial "thermal barriers." The nonlocal source method of solution, on the other hand more accurately describes preheat and can stably calculate the solution for the temperature even if the heat flux is up the gradient., Accepted for publication in the Journal of Computational Physics.

This course discusses the principles and methods of statistical mechanics. Topics covered include classical and quantum statistics, grand ensembles, fluctuations, molecular distribution functions, other concepts in equilibrium statistical mechanics, and topics in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics of irreversible processes.

This class explores the changing roles of physics and physicists during the 20th century. Topics range from relativity theory and quantum mechanics to high-energy physics and cosmology. The course also examines the development of modern physics within shifting institutional, cultural, and political contexts, such as physics in Imperial Britain, Nazi Germany, U.S. efforts during World War II, and physicists' roles during the Cold War.

The Mach-Planck controversy (1910-1911) about the cognitive status of scientific theories lead us to the following conclusions. (1) Not always the one who maintains some theses that look better (Planck's defense of the reality of the atoms) is the one who advanced the best arguments for criticizing his opponent (e.g. Planck misinterpreted Mach's views about the scientific image, its concepts and laws). (2) Their views were grounded in different philosophies, and consequently, in different valuesystems. (3) There was no absolute winner-loser; each one might look like a winnerloser depending upon de historical and scientific context relative to which the choice is being made. (4) There is no algorithm and definitive argument for declaring a final winner-loser. (5) Standard philosophical dichotomies like realism vs. instrumentalism are insufficient for grasping the complexity of the epistemological and ontological positions of scientists. Finally, the controversy emphasizes the decisive role played by philosophy in the theoretical issues of physics., La polémica Mach-Planck (1910-1911) acerca del estado cognitivo de las teorías científicas nos permite llegar a las siguientes conclusiones. (1) No siempre el que defendió las posturas luego asentadas científicamente (por ejemplo, la defensa de la realidad de los átomos por parte de Planck) desarrolló los mejores argumentos en la polémica. Por ejemplo, Planck malinterpretó las tesis de Mach acerca de la imagen científica, sus conceptos y leyes. (2) La postura de ambos estaba fundada en distintas filosofías y, por ende, en distintos sistemas de valores y en modos diferentes de priorizarlos. (3) Hay una relatividad temporal de un aparente vencedor por sobre otro que se invierte en otro momento del desarrollo histórico de la física. (4) No hay algoritmo o argumento definitivo alguno para declarar vencedora a ninguna de las posturas. (5) Dicotomías filosóficas como realismo-instrumentalismo son insuficientes para captar la complejidad de las posturas epistemológicas y ontológicas de los científicos. Finalmente, la polémica enfatiza el rol decisivo de la dimensión filosófica en cuestiones teóricas de la física.

The main characteristics of the European Space Agency (ESA) Standard Radiation Environment Monitor (SREM) are outlined. First SREM results from the Project for On-Board Autonomy-I (PROBA-I) and INTEGRAL spacecraft are presented.

La comprensión de la ciencia como proceso y la unidad entre enseñanza e investigación fueron dos principios centrales de la nueva universidad alemana desde el siglo XIX, que subrayaban los elementos innovadores y prácticos de la ciencia. A la luz del ejemplo de la teoría especial de la relatividad, se verá cómo las posibilidades abiertas por esta redefinición del contenido y función de la educación universitaria en Alemania capacitaría con posterioridad que las innovaciones que se producían en la ciencia fueran rápidamente incluidas y debatidas en las aulas, condición que, a su vez, beneficiaba la rápida dtfusión y extensión de tales innovaciones., Understanding science as process and unity of teaching and research were two nuclear principles of the new gennan University in nineteenth century which emphasized the practical and innovative aspects of science. In the light of the example given by Einstein's theory of relativity, we show how this new definition of university education content and fimction would later on enable to include and discuss in the lecture rooms the innovations that took place in science, and how those conditions aided at the same time the rapid difiission and extension of these innovations.

Cieľom mojej práce je reflektovať expresívnu nahodilosť, ktorá sa odráža z teoretického pozadia celulárnych automatov a kvantovej mechaniky. Som názoru, že umenie by malo poukazovať na príklady exaktných vied a týmto spôsobom ich šíriť medzi potenciálnych divákov. Touto cestou sa snažím priblížiť k subjektívnej utopickej spoločnosti WERP-VEGA. Niesom úplne presvedčený, že výtvarne umenie môže zmeniť chod politického režimu, alebo riešiť zásadne aktuálne civilizačné komplikácie, verím ale, že umenie je schopné voľne predpovedať jednu z možných scenárov budúcnosti, pretože človek je schopný spraviť len to, čo si dokáže predstaviť., The aim of my work is to reflect expression coincidence that reflects the theoretical basis of cellular automata and quantum mechanics. I think that art should point to examples of accurate knowledge and in this way spread among potential viewers. This is how I try to get closer to the subjective utopian society WERP-VEGA. I am not entirely convinced that fine arts can change the political situation or address fundamental civilization complications, but I believe that art is able to predict freely one of the possible scenarios of the future because one is only able to do what he can imagine.

Diplomová práce je zaměřena na vliv správného nastavení parametru emisivity, který je závislý na teplotě, vlnové délce a dalších vlivech okolního prostředí. Pro zkoumání parametru byl pořízen infračervený (IR) bezdotykový teploměr MI3 od firmy Raytek. Ke zvýšení kvality měření byl navržen a naprogramován obslužný měřící program. Program byl vyvinut v programovacím prostředí LabView 8.5. Pro získání pravé hodnoty teploty měřeného objektu byl navržen a zkonstruován dotykový teploměr s odporově závislým senzorem. Teploměr je připojen ke komunikačnímu boxu bezdotykového IR teploměru a obsluhován stejným programem. V dnešní době jsou nejvíce rozšířené IR teploměry s pevně nastaveným parametrem emisivity, které jsou použitelné pouze pro reálná tělesa v okolí hodnoty parametru emisivity 0,95. Pro tyto IR teploměry byla zkonstruována korekční funkce, která by měla hodnotu teploty naměřenou při pevně nastaveném parametru emisivity 0,95 přiblížit skutečné hodnotě měřeného objektu., This master’s thesis is specialized on the influence of correct parameters of emissivity, which depends on the temperature, wavelength and ambient environment. The investigation the parameter was taken infrared non-contact thermometer MI3 from company Raytek. To improve the quality of measurement was designed and programmed measuring utility program. The program was developed in the LabView 8.5 programming environment. To obtain the true value of the measured temperature of the target was designed and constructed the touch thermometer with the resistance dependent sensor. The thermometer is connected to the communication box of infrared thermometer and contain the same program. Nowadays are the most advanced IR thermometer with fixed parameters emissivity, which is applicable just to the real body in the vicinity of the parameter emissivity 0,95. For those IR thermometers were designed correction function, which would have temperature measured at a fixed emissivity parameter 0,95 set close to the actual value of the object.

Diplomová práce je zaměřena na vliv správného nastavení parametru emisivity, který je závislý na teplotě, vlnové délce a dalších vlivech okolního prostředí. Pro zkoumání parametru byl pořízen infračervený (IR) bezdotykový teploměr MI3 od firmy Raytek. Ke zvýšení kvality měření byl navržen a naprogramován obslužný měřící program. Program byl vyvinut v programovacím prostředí LabView 8.5. Pro získání pravé hodnoty teploty měřeného objektu byl navržen a zkonstruován dotykový teploměr s odporově závislým senzorem. Teploměr je připojen ke komunikačnímu boxu bezdotykového IR teploměru a obsluhován stejným programem. V dnešní době jsou nejvíce rozšířené IR teploměry s pevně nastaveným parametrem emisivity, které jsou použitelné pouze pro reálná tělesa v okolí hodnoty parametru emisivity 0,95. Pro tyto IR teploměry byla zkonstruována korekční funkce, která by měla hodnotu teploty naměřenou při pevně nastaveném parametru emisivity 0,95 přiblížit skutečné hodnotě měřeného objektu., This master’s thesis is specialized on the influence of correct parameters of emissivity, which depends on the temperature, wavelength and ambient environment. The investigation the parameter was taken infrared non-contact thermometer MI3 from company Raytek. To improve the quality of measurement was designed and programmed measuring utility program. The program was developed in the LabView 8.5 programming environment. To obtain the true value of the measured temperature of the target was designed and constructed the touch thermometer with the resistance dependent sensor. The thermometer is connected to the communication box of infrared thermometer and contain the same program. Nowadays are the most advanced IR thermometer with fixed parameters emissivity, which is applicable just to the real body in the vicinity of the parameter emissivity 0,95. For those IR thermometers were designed correction function, which would have temperature measured at a fixed emissivity parameter 0,95 set close to the actual value of the object.

Cieľom mojej práce je reflektovať expresívnu nahodilosť, ktorá sa odráža z teoretického pozadia celulárnych automatov a kvantovej mechaniky. Som názoru, že umenie by malo poukazovať na príklady exaktných vied a týmto spôsobom ich šíriť medzi potenciálnych divákov. Touto cestou sa snažím priblížiť k subjektívnej utopickej spoločnosti WERP-VEGA. Niesom úplne presvedčený, že výtvarne umenie môže zmeniť chod politického režimu, alebo riešiť zásadne aktuálne civilizačné komplikácie, verím ale, že umenie je schopné voľne predpovedať jednu z možných scenárov budúcnosti, pretože človek je schopný spraviť len to, čo si dokáže predstaviť., The aim of my work is to reflect expression coincidence that reflects the theoretical basis of cellular automata and quantum mechanics. I think that art should point to examples of accurate knowledge and in this way spread among potential viewers. This is how I try to get closer to the subjective utopian society WERP-VEGA. I am not entirely convinced that fine arts can change the political situation or address fundamental civilization complications, but I believe that art is able to predict freely one of the possible scenarios of the future because one is only able to do what he can imagine.

Diplomová práce je zaměřena na vliv správného nastavení parametru emisivity, který je závislý na teplotě, vlnové délce a dalších vlivech okolního prostředí. Pro zkoumání parametru byl pořízen infračervený (IR) bezdotykový teploměr MI3 od firmy Raytek. Ke zvýšení kvality měření byl navržen a naprogramován obslužný měřící program. Program byl vyvinut v programovacím prostředí LabView 8.5. Pro získání pravé hodnoty teploty měřeného objektu byl navržen a zkonstruován dotykový teploměr s odporově závislým senzorem. Teploměr je připojen ke komunikačnímu boxu bezdotykového IR teploměru a obsluhován stejným programem. V dnešní době jsou nejvíce rozšířené IR teploměry s pevně nastaveným parametrem emisivity, které jsou použitelné pouze pro reálná tělesa v okolí hodnoty parametru emisivity 0,95. Pro tyto IR teploměry byla zkonstruována korekční funkce, která by měla hodnotu teploty naměřenou při pevně nastaveném parametru emisivity 0,95 přiblížit skutečné hodnotě měřeného objektu., This master’s thesis is specialized on the influence of correct parameters of emissivity, which depends on the temperature, wavelength and ambient environment. The investigation the parameter was taken infrared non-contact thermometer MI3 from company Raytek. To improve the quality of measurement was designed and programmed measuring utility program. The program was developed in the LabView 8.5 programming environment. To obtain the true value of the measured temperature of the target was designed and constructed the touch thermometer with the resistance dependent sensor. The thermometer is connected to the communication box of infrared thermometer and contain the same program. Nowadays are the most advanced IR thermometer with fixed parameters emissivity, which is applicable just to the real body in the vicinity of the parameter emissivity 0,95. For those IR thermometers were designed correction function, which would have temperature measured at a fixed emissivity parameter 0,95 set close to the actual value of the object.

Diplomová práce je zaměřena na vliv správného nastavení parametru emisivity, který je závislý na teplotě, vlnové délce a dalších vlivech okolního prostředí. Pro zkoumání parametru byl pořízen infračervený (IR) bezdotykový teploměr MI3 od firmy Raytek. Ke zvýšení kvality měření byl navržen a naprogramován obslužný měřící program. Program byl vyvinut v programovacím prostředí LabView 8.5. Pro získání pravé hodnoty teploty měřeného objektu byl navržen a zkonstruován dotykový teploměr s odporově závislým senzorem. Teploměr je připojen ke komunikačnímu boxu bezdotykového IR teploměru a obsluhován stejným programem. V dnešní době jsou nejvíce rozšířené IR teploměry s pevně nastaveným parametrem emisivity, které jsou použitelné pouze pro reálná tělesa v okolí hodnoty parametru emisivity 0,95. Pro tyto IR teploměry byla zkonstruována korekční funkce, která by měla hodnotu teploty naměřenou při pevně nastaveném parametru emisivity 0,95 přiblížit skutečné hodnotě měřeného objektu., This master’s thesis is specialized on the influence of correct parameters of emissivity, which depends on the temperature, wavelength and ambient environment. The investigation the parameter was taken infrared non-contact thermometer MI3 from company Raytek. To improve the quality of measurement was designed and programmed measuring utility program. The program was developed in the LabView 8.5 programming environment. To obtain the true value of the measured temperature of the target was designed and constructed the touch thermometer with the resistance dependent sensor. The thermometer is connected to the communication box of infrared thermometer and contain the same program. Nowadays are the most advanced IR thermometer with fixed parameters emissivity, which is applicable just to the real body in the vicinity of the parameter emissivity 0,95. For those IR thermometers were designed correction function, which would have temperature measured at a fixed emissivity parameter 0,95 set close to the actual value of the object.

Cieľom mojej práce je reflektovať expresívnu nahodilosť, ktorá sa odráža z teoretického pozadia celulárnych automatov a kvantovej mechaniky. Som názoru, že umenie by malo poukazovať na príklady exaktných vied a týmto spôsobom ich šíriť medzi potenciálnych divákov. Touto cestou sa snažím priblížiť k subjektívnej utopickej spoločnosti WERP-VEGA. Niesom úplne presvedčený, že výtvarne umenie môže zmeniť chod politického režimu, alebo riešiť zásadne aktuálne civilizačné komplikácie, verím ale, že umenie je schopné voľne predpovedať jednu z možných scenárov budúcnosti, pretože človek je schopný spraviť len to, čo si dokáže predstaviť., The aim of my work is to reflect expression coincidence that reflects the theoretical basis of cellular automata and quantum mechanics. I think that art should point to examples of accurate knowledge and in this way spread among potential viewers. This is how I try to get closer to the subjective utopian society WERP-VEGA. I am not entirely convinced that fine arts can change the political situation or address fundamental civilization complications, but I believe that art is able to predict freely one of the possible scenarios of the future because one is only able to do what he can imagine.

Diplomová práce je zaměřena na vliv správného nastavení parametru emisivity, který je závislý na teplotě, vlnové délce a dalších vlivech okolního prostředí. Pro zkoumání parametru byl pořízen infračervený (IR) bezdotykový teploměr MI3 od firmy Raytek. Ke zvýšení kvality měření byl navržen a naprogramován obslužný měřící program. Program byl vyvinut v programovacím prostředí LabView 8.5. Pro získání pravé hodnoty teploty měřeného objektu byl navržen a zkonstruován dotykový teploměr s odporově závislým senzorem. Teploměr je připojen ke komunikačnímu boxu bezdotykového IR teploměru a obsluhován stejným programem. V dnešní době jsou nejvíce rozšířené IR teploměry s pevně nastaveným parametrem emisivity, které jsou použitelné pouze pro reálná tělesa v okolí hodnoty parametru emisivity 0,95. Pro tyto IR teploměry byla zkonstruována korekční funkce, která by měla hodnotu teploty naměřenou při pevně nastaveném parametru emisivity 0,95 přiblížit skutečné hodnotě měřeného objektu., This master’s thesis is specialized on the influence of correct parameters of emissivity, which depends on the temperature, wavelength and ambient environment. The investigation the parameter was taken infrared non-contact thermometer MI3 from company Raytek. To improve the quality of measurement was designed and programmed measuring utility program. The program was developed in the LabView 8.5 programming environment. To obtain the true value of the measured temperature of the target was designed and constructed the touch thermometer with the resistance dependent sensor. The thermometer is connected to the communication box of infrared thermometer and contain the same program. Nowadays are the most advanced IR thermometer with fixed parameters emissivity, which is applicable just to the real body in the vicinity of the parameter emissivity 0,95. For those IR thermometers were designed correction function, which would have temperature measured at a fixed emissivity parameter 0,95 set close to the actual value of the object.

Diplomová práce je zaměřena na vliv správného nastavení parametru emisivity, který je závislý na teplotě, vlnové délce a dalších vlivech okolního prostředí. Pro zkoumání parametru byl pořízen infračervený (IR) bezdotykový teploměr MI3 od firmy Raytek. Ke zvýšení kvality měření byl navržen a naprogramován obslužný měřící program. Program byl vyvinut v programovacím prostředí LabView 8.5. Pro získání pravé hodnoty teploty měřeného objektu byl navržen a zkonstruován dotykový teploměr s odporově závislým senzorem. Teploměr je připojen ke komunikačnímu boxu bezdotykového IR teploměru a obsluhován stejným programem. V dnešní době jsou nejvíce rozšířené IR teploměry s pevně nastaveným parametrem emisivity, které jsou použitelné pouze pro reálná tělesa v okolí hodnoty parametru emisivity 0,95. Pro tyto IR teploměry byla zkonstruována korekční funkce, která by měla hodnotu teploty naměřenou při pevně nastaveném parametru emisivity 0,95 přiblížit skutečné hodnotě měřeného objektu., This master’s thesis is specialized on the influence of correct parameters of emissivity, which depends on the temperature, wavelength and ambient environment. The investigation the parameter was taken infrared non-contact thermometer MI3 from company Raytek. To improve the quality of measurement was designed and programmed measuring utility program. The program was developed in the LabView 8.5 programming environment. To obtain the true value of the measured temperature of the target was designed and constructed the touch thermometer with the resistance dependent sensor. The thermometer is connected to the communication box of infrared thermometer and contain the same program. Nowadays are the most advanced IR thermometer with fixed parameters emissivity, which is applicable just to the real body in the vicinity of the parameter emissivity 0,95. For those IR thermometers were designed correction function, which would have temperature measured at a fixed emissivity parameter 0,95 set close to the actual value of the object.

Map showing property ownership and transfers in the late 1700s and early 1800s on State Street, near Lafayette Street, in Schenectady, New York. Persons named include Eldert Arent, Amasa Curtis, R. Forrester, C. Guernsey, Henry R. Teller, Thomas Johnson, W.W. Morris, Planck, D. Shields, Abraham Swits, Isaac Swits, Trustees of Schenectady, Daniel D. Van Antwerp.

Deed A, 400 dated October 10, 1812 transferring property on State Street, in Schenectady, New York, from Abraham Swits to Andrew Swits for $200. Hand drawn map. Other persons named include C.B. Clute, Michael Hand, Planck, Reagles, John Swits, Henry Swits.

Map showing transfer of property on State Street, near Lafayette Street, in Schenectady, New York, from Remsen R. Teller and wife to Daniel Shields, on March 4, 1803. Also transfer of same property from Daniel Shields to Remsen R. Teller on March 5, 1803. Other person named is Planck.