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Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are two of the most significant aphid species acting as vectors for plant viruses in vegetable crops worldwide. This work provides new knowledge relating the persistence (including population growth and survival) and impact on aphid probing and feeding behaviour of plant essential oil-derived products. Modifications in M. persicae behaviour (EPG results) were noted in plants treated with 0.2% nanoemulsions of distilled lemon oil: (1) the non-probing activity lasted longer, (2) both non-phloematic probing and phloem ingestion activities of aphids were shorter, and (3) xylem ingestion activity and the time taken to achieve sustained phloem ingestion appear to be longer. Finally, a slight increase was also observed in the mean duration of the non-probing activity of M. persicae on plants treated with 0.2% nanoemulsions of farnesol. When pepper plants were sprayed with a 0.2% nanoemulsion of farnesol with Tween 80® (1:2), the population growth of M. persicae colonies on treated plants was slower (40 aphids/plant) than on controls (60 aphids/plant) up to the day seven. The slope of the aphid population growth line corresponding to the formulated mixture of bioactive volatiles was lower (2.26 b) and statistically significant in comparison with the control (7.09 a), probably due to a controlled-release effect up to day 14. No systemic effects were obtained for the bioactive volatiles tested.

Fusarium species are widely distributed and responsible for several plant diseases in different medicinal plants. Fungi of this genera cause very important economic losses in Serbian plantation. Antibiotic production by plant-associated microorganisms represents an environmentally acceptable method of disease control, esspecialy in cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants. Among the plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), Pseudomonas have been recognized as the most frequent antagonists of plant fungal pathogens and antibiotic producers. This is probably due to the widely distribution of this diverse group of bacteria in temperate soils and their often predomination among bacteria from plant rhizosphere. In this study, we examined the antifungal activity of eleven indigenous Pseudomonas isolates (PB4, PB5, K38, Q34, PBA12, PD5, C7, C8, Q16P, K29 and K35) against eight phytopathogenic fungi belonging to genus Fusarium (Fusarium tricinctum, F. sambucinum, F. equiseti, F. heterosporum, F. sporotrichioides, F. semitectum, F. verticillioides and F. oxysporum), which had infected anise (Pimpinella anisum L., fam. Apiaceae), using in vitro growth inhibition tests. The obtained results demonstrated that all Pseudomanas isolates showed more or less pronounced antifungal activity, whereby the most pronounced activity was observed for K29 and K35 strains. F. oxysporum and F. verticillioides showed the highest sensitivity to antibiotic-producing Pseudomanas isolates. In general, it has been concluded that studied Pseudomonas isolates have potential in controlling plant diseases caused by Fusarium spp., whereby the bacterial isolates with the highest inhibitory potential will be selected for further experiments.

The aim of this study, which was conducted in field conditions on three localities in Serbia during two years, was to investigate the influence of the application of various types of fertilizers on the essential oil content in caraway, anise and coriander fruits. The influence of four organic fertilizers was investigated: two microbiological fertilizers (Slavol and Bactofil B-10), two specific organic fertilizers (Royal Ofert biohumus and vermicompost). Also, the chemical fertilizer was used and there was a control plot without any fertilization. From the results, it can be concluded that the application of different fertilizers has an influence on essential oil content only in case of anise fruits. The application of Royal Ofert biohumus shows the best results, after which follows chemical fertilizer. The use of these two types of fertilizers significantly increased the essential oil content in the anise fruits in comparison with other tested treatments. Although differences in the essential oil content of caraway and coriander were not significant, the two above mentioned fertilizers and vermicompost show the best results.

The aim of this study, which was conducted in field conditions on three localities in Serbia during two years, was to investigate the influence of the application of various types of fertilizers on the essential oil content in caraway, anise and coriander fruits. The influence of four organic fertilizers was investigated: two microbiological fertilizers (Slavol and Bactofil B-10), two specific organic fertilizers (Royal Ofert biohumus and vermicompost). Also, the chemical fertilizer was used and there was a control plot without any fertilization. From the results, it can be concluded that the application of different fertilizers has an influence on essential oil content only in case of anise fruits. The application of Royal Ofert biohumus shows the best results, after which follows chemical fertilizer. The use of these two types of fertilizers significantly increased the essential oil content in the anise fruits in comparison with other tested treatments. Although differences in the essential oil content of caraway and coriander were not significant, the two above mentioned fertilizers and vermicompost show the best results.

The aim of this study, which was conducted in field conditions on three localities in Serbia during two years, was to investigate the influence of the application of various types of fertilizers on the essential oil content in caraway, anise and coriander fruits. The influence of four organic fertilizers was investigated: two microbiological fertilizers (Slavol and Bactofil B-10), two specific organic fertilizers (Royal Ofert biohumus and vermicompost). Also, the chemical fertilizer was used and there was a control plot without any fertilization. From the results, it can be concluded that the application of different fertilizers has an influence on essential oil content only in case of anise fruits. The application of Royal Ofert biohumus shows the best results, after which follows chemical fertilizer. The use of these two types of fertilizers significantly increased the essential oil content in the anise fruits in comparison with other tested treatments. Although differences in the essential oil content of caraway and coriander were not significant, the two above mentioned fertilizers and vermicompost show the best results.

Anise (Pimpinella anisunz L.) is an annual plant of the Apiaceae family, widely cultivated for the seed and essential oil. Under field condition, anise is cultivated in a vast number of countries including Serbia. Field experiments were carried out during two growing seasons, at three localities, in order to determine the effect of different soil and climatic conditions on the quality of anise seed principal traits (thousand seed weight, germination energy and total germination) as well as on the content and quality of its essential oil. During the experiment it was found that the value of aniseed principal traits was significantly lower in hotter and drier year in comparison to the year with moderate conditions, because of more favourable weather conditions for seed development during this year. A significantly higher concentration of essential oil was also accumulated in the moderate year in comparison to the dry and hot one. This can be attributed to a longer period of fruit formation and synthesis of essential oils and better climatic conditions. It can be concluded that drought caused a significant decrease in thousand seed weight, germination energy and total germination as well as essential oil content in anise. Contrary to this, the content of trans-anethole was significantly higher in the dry year. It can be assumed that under stress conditions the amount of trans-anethole in the essential oil increases, because in such conditions the plants produce more secondary metabolites, substances that prevent oxidation processes in the cells.

Anise (Pimpinella anisunz L.) is an annual plant of the Apiaceae family, widely cultivated for the seed and essential oil. Under field condition, anise is cultivated in a vast number of countries including Serbia. Field experiments were carried out during two growing seasons, at three localities, in order to determine the effect of different soil and climatic conditions on the quality of anise seed principal traits (thousand seed weight, germination energy and total germination) as well as on the content and quality of its essential oil. During the experiment it was found that the value of aniseed principal traits was significantly lower in hotter and drier year in comparison to the year with moderate conditions, because of more favourable weather conditions for seed development during this year. A significantly higher concentration of essential oil was also accumulated in the moderate year in comparison to the dry and hot one. This can be attributed to a longer period of fruit formation and synthesis of essential oils and better climatic conditions. It can be concluded that drought caused a significant decrease in thousand seed weight, germination energy and total germination as well as essential oil content in anise. Contrary to this, the content of trans-anethole was significantly higher in the dry year. It can be assumed that under stress conditions the amount of trans-anethole in the essential oil increases, because in such conditions the plants produce more secondary metabolites, substances that prevent oxidation processes in the cells.

Anise (Pimpinella anisunz L.) is an annual plant of the Apiaceae family, widely cultivated for the seed and essential oil. Under field condition, anise is cultivated in a vast number of countries including Serbia. Field experiments were carried out during two growing seasons, at three localities, in order to determine the effect of different soil and climatic conditions on the quality of anise seed principal traits (thousand seed weight, germination energy and total germination) as well as on the content and quality of its essential oil. During the experiment it was found that the value of aniseed principal traits was significantly lower in hotter and drier year in comparison to the year with moderate conditions, because of more favourable weather conditions for seed development during this year. A significantly higher concentration of essential oil was also accumulated in the moderate year in comparison to the dry and hot one. This can be attributed to a longer period of fruit formation and synthesis of essential oils and better climatic conditions. It can be concluded that drought caused a significant decrease in thousand seed weight, germination energy and total germination as well as essential oil content in anise. Contrary to this, the content of trans-anethole was significantly higher in the dry year. It can be assumed that under stress conditions the amount of trans-anethole in the essential oil increases, because in such conditions the plants produce more secondary metabolites, substances that prevent oxidation processes in the cells.

Istra-ivanja su izvedena tokom 2011. i 2012. godine na tri lokaliteta : Ostojićevo, Veliki Radinci i Mošorin. Pljski ogledi bili su postavljeni po metodu slučajnog blok sistema..., The researches were carried out durin 2011 and 2012 et three localities : Ostojicevo, Veliki Radinci and Mosorin. Field experiments were set up as a randomized block design with four replications...

Effectiveness of essential oils of Pinus silvestris, Petroselinum crispum, Origanum vulgare, Pimpinella anisum, Mentha piperita, Eucaliptus citriodora and Rosmarinus officinalis in control of Botrytis cinerea were tested, in vitro. Mycelial plug of B. cinerea was transferred to the center of the Petri plate. The oils were applied as a drop onto the inner side of the plate covers on the sterile filter paper, at the concetration of 0.04, 0.06, 0.1, 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 µl/ml of air of the plate. To enable contact of volatile phase and pathogen, the plates were kept upside down and sealed with self-adhesive foil. Inhibitory effect of tested oils has been determined four days after setting the trial by calculating percentage of inhibition of radial growth of pathogen mycelium (PIRG), while minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) have been determined seven i.e. fourteen days after. For determining MFC, plates were ventilated in the sterile laminar flow for 30 minutes in order to remove volatiles of oils. Lowest MIC and MFC expressed O.vulgre applied at 0.04 µl/ml of air, followed by P. anisum applied at 0.06 µl/ml and 0.1µl/ml, M.piperita both MIC and MFC (0.15 µl/ml), E. citriodora (0.3 µI/ml), P. crispum (0.6 µl/ml) and P.silvestris (>0.6 µl/ml of air). Based on these results we can conclude that essential oils can be adequate solution for mntrol of B. cinerea, in vitro.

Essential oils of Mentha piperita, Eucaliptus globulus, Pinus sylvestris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Pimpinella anisum and Origanum vulgare were studied for antifungal effect of their volatile phase toward tomato pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici) In vitro. Antifungal effect of oils was expressed through calculating percentage of inhibition of radial growth of mycelia of pathogen, and by determining MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MFC (Minimum Fungicidal Concentration). Results indicated that all of examined oils expressed antifungal activity in different concentrations. Essential oil of oregano (Origanum vulgare) was the most efficient in inhibition of mycelial growth with total inhibition applied at lowest concentration of 0.04 mu l/ml of air. MIC and MFC for this oil were also found at 0.04 mu l/ml of air. Oils of anise (Pimpinella anisum) and menthe (Mentha piperita) were also very effective. Anise oil had totally inhibited mycelium applied at 0.1 mu l/ml of air. MIC value was 0.3 l/ml of air, while MFC was higher than maximal applied concentration (>0.6 mu l/ml of air). Menthe oil had total inhibition of mycelial growth applied at 0.3 mu l/ml of air and the MIC value was at the same point. MFC was higher than maximal applied concentration (>0.6 mu l/ml of air). Other essential oils expressed high inhibition rate but it wasn't 100%. The results of this research indicate that essential oil of oregano followed by oils of menthe and anise has potential to suppress the mycelial growth Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, In vitro. Further research should provide answers for final goal-applying essential oils In vivo.

Istraživanja su izvedena tokom 2011. i 2012. godine na tri lokaliteta: Ostojićevo (45° 54' N, 20° 09' E, nadmorska visina 88 m), Veliki Radinci (45°02' N, 19°40' E, nadmorska visina 111 m) i Mošorin (45°18' N, 20°09' E, nadmorska visina 111 m). Poljski ogledi bili su postavljeni po metodu slučajnog blok sistema u četiri ponavljanja. Veličina jedne eksperimentalne parcele je bila 5 m2 (a činilo je 5 redova dužine 3 m). Setva je izvedena u optimalnom vremenskom roku (u toku aprila meseca) ručnom sejalicom. Ispitivan je uticaj šest tretmana (kontrola, Slavol, Bactofil B-10, Royal Ofert, glistenjak i NPK) na različite osobine ispitivanih biljaka. Naučni cilj rada je da se ispita tehnologija gajenja kima, anisa i korijandra u organskom sistemu ratarenja sa akcentom na đubrenje različitim vrstama organskih i mikrobiološka đubriva, kao i da se utvrdi opravdanost ovakog sistema gajenja radi povećanja prinosa ploda i etarskog ulja. Na osnovu pouzdanih statističkih analiza doći do podataka koja od proučavanih vrsta najbolje reaguje na organsku tehnologiju gajenja u odnosu na produktivnost i naročito na sadržaj i kvalitet etarskih ulja., The researches were carried out during 2011 and 2012 at three localities: Ostojicevo (45° 54' N, 20° 09' E, elevation 88 m), Veliki Radinci (45°02' N, 19°40' E, elevation 111 m) and Mošorin (45°18' N, 20°09' E, elevation 111 m). Field experiments were set up as a randomized block design with four replications. An experimental plot size was 5 m2 (consisting of 5 rows 3 m long). Sowing was carried out at optimum time (during April) with a hand seeder. The experiments analyzed the influence of six treatments (control, Slavol, Bactofil B-10, Royal Ofert, vermicompost and NPK) on different properties of studied plants. The scientific objective of this paper was to examine the growing technology of caraway, anise and coriander seeds in an organic farming system with ephasis on fertilization with different types of organic and microbiological fertilizers; prove the feasibility of such cropping practice which provides increased yield and quantity of essential oil; obtain information based on sound statistic analyses about which of the studied species responds best to organic cropping practices in relation to productivity and especially content and quality of essential oil.