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The right way out of the crisis of the agro-based industries is the maximum use of the opportunities of scientific and technological progress and the orientation of the real economy to innovative development. One of the promising technologies of crop production is an innovative technology in potato growing, which provides for the co-culturing of potatoes with honey crops. Phacelia tanacetifolia (PhaceliatanacetifoliaBenth) is selected as honey crop, which is a valuable green manure. It allows to reduce the need for organic and mineral fertilizers, increases the ecological cleanness of products, favors the growth of potato yield, provides the additional honey yield. Phacelia significantly improves the soil structure, displacing a significant part of weeds, providing natural loosening of the soil, protection from drying out, from pests and parasites. The co-culturing of potatoes with phacelia protects the environment from the use of dangerous plant protection products. If the economic effect is defined as the difference between the profits of innovative and traditional technologies, then, according to preliminary calculations, the level of profitability of innovative technology in potato growing is 1.9 times higher, and the profit from 1 ha is 1.6 times higher compared with the traditional technology. Large-scale development of the proposed technology is hampered by the lack of potato planters and seed planters, which provide planting of potatoes and sowing seeds of honey crops simultaneously, in the Russian market and the markets of the European Union. An innovative technology - mounted seeder for potato planters was developed by the staff members of the Pskov State University. The article describes the main agro-technological requirements to this device. A general model and a kinematic scheme were developed to visualize the combination of the working elements of the potato planter and the mounted seeder. The developed model falls into the type of seed planters, whic

Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. je važan izvor visokokvalitetnog nektara i polena za pčele. Osim toga, koristi se kao krmna i ukrasna biljka, za pokrovne useve, kao i za redukciju brojnosti nematoda u zemljištu (Popović i sar., 2017). Veliki značaj ima i u organskoj proizvodnji. Koristi se kao smeša za cvetni pojas. Cvetni pojas, čine trake odabranih biljaka cvetnica koje svoju funkciju ostvaruju kroz obezbeđivanje staništa i zaštite mnogih korisnih organizama. Cvetni pojas u fazi cvetanja privlači insekte sa velikom količinom nektara. Kako bi pojas konstantno bio u cvetu seje se mešavina cveća (kamilica, neven, maslačak, facelija,...). Facelija može da se seje naizmenično, svakih 15 dana, i na taj način se obezbeđuje pčelama kostantna dostupnost hrane, pre svega polena i nektara. Konkurencija među biljkama, postignuta različitim razmacima između redova pri istoj gustini biljaka, utiče na prinos semena, morfologiju biljaka i nutritivni sastav semena, jer menja presretanje svetlosti, evapotranspiraciju i potrošnju vlage

The right way out of the crisis of the agro-based industries is the maximum use of the opportunities of scientific and technological progress and the orientation of the real economy to innovative development. One of the promising technologies of crop production is an innovative technology in potato growing, which provides for the co-culturing of potatoes with honey crops. Phacelia tanacetifolia (PhaceliatanacetifoliaBenth) is selected as honey crop, which is a valuable green manure. It allows to reduce the need for organic and mineral fertilizers, increases the ecological cleanness of products, favors the growth of potato yield, provides the additional honey yield. Phacelia significantly improves the soil structure, displacing a significant part of weeds, providing natural loosening of the soil, protection from drying out, from pests and parasites. The co-culturing of potatoes with phacelia protects the environment from the use of dangerous plant protection products. If the economic effect is defined as the difference between the profits of innovative and traditional technologies, then, according to preliminary calculations, the level of profitability of innovative technology in potato growing is 1.9 times higher, and the profit from 1 ha is 1.6 times higher compared with the traditional technology. Large-scale development of the proposed technology is hampered by the lack of potato planters and seed planters, which provide planting of potatoes and sowing seeds of honey crops simultaneously, in the Russian market and the markets of the European Union. An innovative technology - mounted seeder for potato planters was developed by the staff members of the Pskov State University. The article describes the main agro-technological requirements to this device. A general model and a kinematic scheme were developed to visualize the combination of the working elements of the potato planter and the mounted seeder. The developed model falls into the type of seed planters, whic

Phacelia has been used for seed production and as a forage crops, either on its own or in a mix with peas or vetch to provide forage and honey production as a source of high quality nectar and pollen. The experiment was carried out in 2016, in the fields of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Bački Petrovac, in Serbia, with variety NS Priora. NS Priora had plant flowering continualy over 60 days and had high, good quality grain yield. NS Priora variety had average nitrogen content is 3.21%, protein content was 20.06% and the average thousand seeds weight was 1.42 g. Phacelia is presently very intensively used in organic agriculture and for sowing of arable land temporarily excluded from production which achieves high yields.

Phacelia has been used for seed production and as a forage crops, either on its own or in a mix with peas or vetch to provide forage and honey production as a source of high quality nectar and pollen. The experiment was carried out in 2016, in the fields of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Bački Petrovac, in Serbia, with variety NS Priora. NS Priora had plant flowering continualy over 60 days and had high, good quality grain yield. NS Priora variety had average nitrogen content is 3.21%, protein content was 20.06% and the average thousand seeds weight was 1.42 g. Phacelia is presently very intensively used in organic agriculture and for sowing of arable land temporarily excluded from production which achieves high yields.

Phacelia has been used for seed production and as a forage crops, either on its own or in a mix with peas or vetch to provide forage and honey production as a source of high quality nectar and pollen. The experiment was carried out in 2016, in the fields of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Bački Petrovac, in Serbia, with variety NS Priora. NS Priora had plant flowering continualy over 60 days and had high, good quality grain yield. NS Priora variety had average nitrogen content is 3.21%, protein content was 20.06% and the average thousand seeds weight was 1.42 g. Phacelia is presently very intensively used in organic agriculture and for sowing of arable land temporarily excluded from production which achieves high yields.

The systematics of Hydrophyllaceae (Boraginales) were investigated at three levels: a study of the pink-flowered and yellow-flowered plants in the genus Emmenanthe, an examination of the polyphyly of the genus Eucrypta, and molecular systematics of the taxa included in Phacelia sect. Ramosissimae. Pink-flowered Emmenanthe occurs in California in the Diablo Range and the Southern California mountains, and is occasionally sympatric with yellow-flowered Emmenanthe. Phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region supported two reciprocally monophyletic evolutionary lineages corresponding to yellow-flowered and pink-flowered plants. Based on their evolutionary divergence and ability to remain distinct in sympatry, the two lineages in Emmenanthe are worthy of taxonomic recognition at the rank of species, as E. penduliflora and E. rosea (Brand) Constance, and are of evolutionary interest as examples of partially sympatric sister-species. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences from populations and specimens determined as Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia and E. micrantha, together with sequences representing major clades of tribe Hydrophylleae demonstrate that the two species in Eucrypta are not each other's closest relatives and represent disparate lineages in Hydrophyllaceae, confirming previous molecular studies. These results require recognition of a narrowed circumscription of Eucrypta sensu stricto (equivalent to E. chrysanthemifolia and varieties), a new genus, Vermisperma, and a new combination, Vermisperma micranthum, for E. micrantha. Evidence from the literature, museum specimen collections (databased and digitized), and molecular phylogenetic analyses were used in combination to revise the taxonomy of Phacelia sect. Ramosissimae (Rydb.) Walden & R.Patt.

The eminent dilemma around the relationship between the increasing world population, the need of new fuel sources and environment issues has raised great awareness in the last decades. The European Parliament has set common goals such as the reduction of the greenhouse gases by 20 % by the year of 2020, followed by the requirement of at least 10 % of the fuel has to be biofuel. An adjacent issue is the source of the biofuel, which are currently most of agricultural crop nature. However these energy crops should not compete with food crops and favourably have other features that promotes its usage. Intermediate crops are for example a promising resource since it may reduce the risk of the nutrients leaching since the crop can take up nutrients in the soil. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the potential of six different intermediate crops (hemp, oilseed radish, white mustard, phacelia, sudangrass and hairy vetch) as energy resources under anaerobic digestion condition after 30 days. Hairy vetch showed the highest methane yield (343 m3/ t VS) followed by sudangrass (316 m3/ t VS). Sudangrass showed a slight potential to increase the methane yield (97 % of theoretical yield based on the component analysis for the sudangrass) if steam pretreatment is for instance applied. This relatively high yield result could be attributed to the relatively low lignin content of sudangrass compared to other crops (16 % of TS). An important factor taken into consideration when selecting which crop to investigate for pretreatment was also the methane yield per hectare for sudangrass which had the second highest value (995 Nm3/ ha) after oilseed radish (1217 Nm3/ ha). Other factors were also taken into account in the decision such as: total solids content, how easily the crop is managed in agriculture for example due to water content and the negative impact of shared diseases with other crops. Based on the results and factors discussed above, the crop which had the greatest poten, I detta examensarbete har sex olika mellangrödor (hampa, honungsört, oljerättika, sudangräs, luddvicker och vitsenap) undersökts för användning till biogas produktion som ett alternativ för framställning av biobränsle. Miljöfrågor, behovet av nya bränslen och ökningen av världens befolkning har lett till uppmärksamheten för förnybara bränslen det senaste årtiondet. Den Europeiska Unionen har satt gemensamma mål att minska utsläppen av växthusgaserna med 20 % till år 2020, vilket följs av att minst 10 % av bränslena i transportsektorn ska vara förnybara. Biogas är ett av de befintliga alternativa bränslena. Dessutom är det mycket fördelaktigt om råvaran för biogasen inte konkurrerar med jordbruksareal avsedd för livsmedel. De så kallade mellangrödorna blir i kontexten ett mycket bra alternativ eftersom de förebygger kväveläckage genom att fånga upp näringsämne från jorden. En viktig fråga är källan till biobränslet, vilket för närvarande är mest jordbruksgrödor, såsom majs och vete. Den energigröda som används till produktion av biobränsle bör dock inte konkurrera med livsmedelsgrödor utan även ha andra funktioner som främjar dess användning. Mellangrödor är ett lovande material då de bland annat kan förbättra kvalitén i jorden genom att binda näringsämnen och minska näringsläckaget till närliggande vattendrag. Mellangrödor etableras och skördas i ett intervall i grödsekvensen eller växtföljden då marken ligger oanvänd för annan odling, mellan två huvudgrödor. Huvudgrödorna kan till exempel vara potatis, höstvete eller raps. Biogas består till största delen av metan och därefter koldioxid. När våra undersökningar gjordes på metanutbyte blev det oljerättika som gav bäst resultat per hektar, följt av sudangräs. För sudangräs ansågs det finnas utrymme för förbättringar med hjälp av förbehandling. Ensilerat sudangräs valdes därför för ytterligare undersökning. Detta utifrån bland annat beslut om att ensileringen av material blivit bra, hur lätt materialet är att hantera

The systematics of Hydrophyllaceae (Boraginales) were investigated at three levels: a study of the pink-flowered and yellow-flowered plants in the genus Emmenanthe, an examination of the polyphyly of the genus Eucrypta, and molecular systematics of the taxa included in Phacelia sect. Ramosissimae. Pink-flowered Emmenanthe occurs in California in the Diablo Range and the Southern California mountains, and is occasionally sympatric with yellow-flowered Emmenanthe. Phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region supported two reciprocally monophyletic evolutionary lineages corresponding to yellow-flowered and pink-flowered plants. Based on their evolutionary divergence and ability to remain distinct in sympatry, the two lineages in Emmenanthe are worthy of taxonomic recognition at the rank of species, as E. penduliflora and E. rosea (Brand) Constance, and are of evolutionary interest as examples of partially sympatric sister-species. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences from populations and specimens determined as Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia and E. micrantha, together with sequences representing major clades of tribe Hydrophylleae demonstrate that the two species in Eucrypta are not each other's closest relatives and represent disparate lineages in Hydrophyllaceae, confirming previous molecular studies. These results require recognition of a narrowed circumscription of Eucrypta sensu stricto (equivalent to E. chrysanthemifolia and varieties), a new genus, Vermisperma, and a new combination, Vermisperma micranthum, for E. micrantha. Evidence from the literature, museum specimen collections (databased and digitized), and molecular phylogenetic analyses were used in combination to revise the taxonomy of Phacelia sect. Ramosissimae (Rydb.) Walden & R.Patt.

The eminent dilemma around the relationship between the increasing world population, the need of new fuel sources and environment issues has raised great awareness in the last decades. The European Parliament has set common goals such as the reduction of the greenhouse gases by 20 % by the year of 2020, followed by the requirement of at least 10 % of the fuel has to be biofuel. An adjacent issue is the source of the biofuel, which are currently most of agricultural crop nature. However these energy crops should not compete with food crops and favourably have other features that promotes its usage. Intermediate crops are for example a promising resource since it may reduce the risk of the nutrients leaching since the crop can take up nutrients in the soil. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the potential of six different intermediate crops (hemp, oilseed radish, white mustard, phacelia, sudangrass and hairy vetch) as energy resources under anaerobic digestion condition after 30 days. Hairy vetch showed the highest methane yield (343 m3/ t VS) followed by sudangrass (316 m3/ t VS). Sudangrass showed a slight potential to increase the methane yield (97 % of theoretical yield based on the component analysis for the sudangrass) if steam pretreatment is for instance applied. This relatively high yield result could be attributed to the relatively low lignin content of sudangrass compared to other crops (16 % of TS). An important factor taken into consideration when selecting which crop to investigate for pretreatment was also the methane yield per hectare for sudangrass which had the second highest value (995 Nm3/ ha) after oilseed radish (1217 Nm3/ ha). Other factors were also taken into account in the decision such as: total solids content, how easily the crop is managed in agriculture for example due to water content and the negative impact of shared diseases with other crops. Based on the results and factors discussed above, the crop which had the greatest poten, I detta examensarbete har sex olika mellangrödor (hampa, honungsört, oljerättika, sudangräs, luddvicker och vitsenap) undersökts för användning till biogas produktion som ett alternativ för framställning av biobränsle. Miljöfrågor, behovet av nya bränslen och ökningen av världens befolkning har lett till uppmärksamheten för förnybara bränslen det senaste årtiondet. Den Europeiska Unionen har satt gemensamma mål att minska utsläppen av växthusgaserna med 20 % till år 2020, vilket följs av att minst 10 % av bränslena i transportsektorn ska vara förnybara. Biogas är ett av de befintliga alternativa bränslena. Dessutom är det mycket fördelaktigt om råvaran för biogasen inte konkurrerar med jordbruksareal avsedd för livsmedel. De så kallade mellangrödorna blir i kontexten ett mycket bra alternativ eftersom de förebygger kväveläckage genom att fånga upp näringsämne från jorden. En viktig fråga är källan till biobränslet, vilket för närvarande är mest jordbruksgrödor, såsom majs och vete. Den energigröda som används till produktion av biobränsle bör dock inte konkurrera med livsmedelsgrödor utan även ha andra funktioner som främjar dess användning. Mellangrödor är ett lovande material då de bland annat kan förbättra kvalitén i jorden genom att binda näringsämnen och minska näringsläckaget till närliggande vattendrag. Mellangrödor etableras och skördas i ett intervall i grödsekvensen eller växtföljden då marken ligger oanvänd för annan odling, mellan två huvudgrödor. Huvudgrödorna kan till exempel vara potatis, höstvete eller raps. Biogas består till största delen av metan och därefter koldioxid. När våra undersökningar gjordes på metanutbyte blev det oljerättika som gav bäst resultat per hektar, följt av sudangräs. För sudangräs ansågs det finnas utrymme för förbättringar med hjälp av förbehandling. Ensilerat sudangräs valdes därför för ytterligare undersökning. Detta utifrån bland annat beslut om att ensileringen av material blivit bra, hur lätt materialet är att hantera

The eminent dilemma around the relationship between the increasing world population, the need of new fuel sources and environment issues has raised great awareness in the last decades. The European Parliament has set common goals such as the reduction of the greenhouse gases by 20 % by the year of 2020, followed by the requirement of at least 10 % of the fuel has to be biofuel. An adjacent issue is the source of the biofuel, which are currently most of agricultural crop nature. However these energy crops should not compete with food crops and favourably have other features that promotes its usage. Intermediate crops are for example a promising resource since it may reduce the risk of the nutrients leaching since the crop can take up nutrients in the soil. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the potential of six different intermediate crops (hemp, oilseed radish, white mustard, phacelia, sudangrass and hairy vetch) as energy resources under anaerobic digestion condition after 30 days. Hairy vetch showed the highest methane yield (343 m3/ t VS) followed by sudangrass (316 m3/ t VS). Sudangrass showed a slight potential to increase the methane yield (97 % of theoretical yield based on the component analysis for the sudangrass) if steam pretreatment is for instance applied. This relatively high yield result could be attributed to the relatively low lignin content of sudangrass compared to other crops (16 % of TS). An important factor taken into consideration when selecting which crop to investigate for pretreatment was also the methane yield per hectare for sudangrass which had the second highest value (995 Nm3/ ha) after oilseed radish (1217 Nm3/ ha). Other factors were also taken into account in the decision such as: total solids content, how easily the crop is managed in agriculture for example due to water content and the negative impact of shared diseases with other crops. Based on the results and factors discussed above, the crop which had the greatest poten, I detta examensarbete har sex olika mellangrödor (hampa, honungsört, oljerättika, sudangräs, luddvicker och vitsenap) undersökts för användning till biogas produktion som ett alternativ för framställning av biobränsle. Miljöfrågor, behovet av nya bränslen och ökningen av världens befolkning har lett till uppmärksamheten för förnybara bränslen det senaste årtiondet. Den Europeiska Unionen har satt gemensamma mål att minska utsläppen av växthusgaserna med 20 % till år 2020, vilket följs av att minst 10 % av bränslena i transportsektorn ska vara förnybara. Biogas är ett av de befintliga alternativa bränslena. Dessutom är det mycket fördelaktigt om råvaran för biogasen inte konkurrerar med jordbruksareal avsedd för livsmedel. De så kallade mellangrödorna blir i kontexten ett mycket bra alternativ eftersom de förebygger kväveläckage genom att fånga upp näringsämne från jorden. En viktig fråga är källan till biobränslet, vilket för närvarande är mest jordbruksgrödor, såsom majs och vete. Den energigröda som används till produktion av biobränsle bör dock inte konkurrera med livsmedelsgrödor utan även ha andra funktioner som främjar dess användning. Mellangrödor är ett lovande material då de bland annat kan förbättra kvalitén i jorden genom att binda näringsämnen och minska näringsläckaget till närliggande vattendrag. Mellangrödor etableras och skördas i ett intervall i grödsekvensen eller växtföljden då marken ligger oanvänd för annan odling, mellan två huvudgrödor. Huvudgrödorna kan till exempel vara potatis, höstvete eller raps. Biogas består till största delen av metan och därefter koldioxid. När våra undersökningar gjordes på metanutbyte blev det oljerättika som gav bäst resultat per hektar, följt av sudangräs. För sudangräs ansågs det finnas utrymme för förbättringar med hjälp av förbehandling. Ensilerat sudangräs valdes därför för ytterligare undersökning. Detta utifrån bland annat beslut om att ensileringen av material blivit bra, hur lätt materialet är att hantera

The eminent dilemma around the relationship between the increasing world population, the need of new fuel sources and environment issues has raised great awareness in the last decades. The European Parliament has set common goals such as the reduction of the greenhouse gases by 20 % by the year of 2020, followed by the requirement of at least 10 % of the fuel has to be biofuel. An adjacent issue is the source of the biofuel, which are currently most of agricultural crop nature. However these energy crops should not compete with food crops and favourably have other features that promotes its usage. Intermediate crops are for example a promising resource since it may reduce the risk of the nutrients leaching since the crop can take up nutrients in the soil. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the potential of six different intermediate crops (hemp, oilseed radish, white mustard, phacelia, sudangrass and hairy vetch) as energy resources under anaerobic digestion condition after 30 days. Hairy vetch showed the highest methane yield (343 m3/ t VS) followed by sudangrass (316 m3/ t VS). Sudangrass showed a slight potential to increase the methane yield (97 % of theoretical yield based on the component analysis for the sudangrass) if steam pretreatment is for instance applied. This relatively high yield result could be attributed to the relatively low lignin content of sudangrass compared to other crops (16 % of TS). An important factor taken into consideration when selecting which crop to investigate for pretreatment was also the methane yield per hectare for sudangrass which had the second highest value (995 Nm3/ ha) after oilseed radish (1217 Nm3/ ha). Other factors were also taken into account in the decision such as: total solids content, how easily the crop is managed in agriculture for example due to water content and the negative impact of shared diseases with other crops. Based on the results and factors discussed above, the crop which had the greatest poten, I detta examensarbete har sex olika mellangrödor (hampa, honungsört, oljerättika, sudangräs, luddvicker och vitsenap) undersökts för användning till biogas produktion som ett alternativ för framställning av biobränsle. Miljöfrågor, behovet av nya bränslen och ökningen av världens befolkning har lett till uppmärksamheten för förnybara bränslen det senaste årtiondet. Den Europeiska Unionen har satt gemensamma mål att minska utsläppen av växthusgaserna med 20 % till år 2020, vilket följs av att minst 10 % av bränslena i transportsektorn ska vara förnybara. Biogas är ett av de befintliga alternativa bränslena. Dessutom är det mycket fördelaktigt om råvaran för biogasen inte konkurrerar med jordbruksareal avsedd för livsmedel. De så kallade mellangrödorna blir i kontexten ett mycket bra alternativ eftersom de förebygger kväveläckage genom att fånga upp näringsämne från jorden. En viktig fråga är källan till biobränslet, vilket för närvarande är mest jordbruksgrödor, såsom majs och vete. Den energigröda som används till produktion av biobränsle bör dock inte konkurrera med livsmedelsgrödor utan även ha andra funktioner som främjar dess användning. Mellangrödor är ett lovande material då de bland annat kan förbättra kvalitén i jorden genom att binda näringsämnen och minska näringsläckaget till närliggande vattendrag. Mellangrödor etableras och skördas i ett intervall i grödsekvensen eller växtföljden då marken ligger oanvänd för annan odling, mellan två huvudgrödor. Huvudgrödorna kan till exempel vara potatis, höstvete eller raps. Biogas består till största delen av metan och därefter koldioxid. När våra undersökningar gjordes på metanutbyte blev det oljerättika som gav bäst resultat per hektar, följt av sudangräs. För sudangräs ansågs det finnas utrymme för förbättringar med hjälp av förbehandling. Ensilerat sudangräs valdes därför för ytterligare undersökning. Detta utifrån bland annat beslut om att ensileringen av material blivit bra, hur lätt materialet är att hantera

The eminent dilemma around the relationship between the increasing world population, the need of new fuel sources and environment issues has raised great awareness in the last decades. The European Parliament has set common goals such as the reduction of the greenhouse gases by 20 % by the year of 2020, followed by the requirement of at least 10 % of the fuel has to be biofuel. An adjacent issue is the source of the biofuel, which are currently most of agricultural crop nature. However these energy crops should not compete with food crops and favourably have other features that promotes its usage. Intermediate crops are for example a promising resource since it may reduce the risk of the nutrients leaching since the crop can take up nutrients in the soil. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the potential of six different intermediate crops (hemp, oilseed radish, white mustard, phacelia, sudangrass and hairy vetch) as energy resources under anaerobic digestion condition after 30 days. Hairy vetch showed the highest methane yield (343 m3/ t VS) followed by sudangrass (316 m3/ t VS). Sudangrass showed a slight potential to increase the methane yield (97 % of theoretical yield based on the component analysis for the sudangrass) if steam pretreatment is for instance applied. This relatively high yield result could be attributed to the relatively low lignin content of sudangrass compared to other crops (16 % of TS). An important factor taken into consideration when selecting which crop to investigate for pretreatment was also the methane yield per hectare for sudangrass which had the second highest value (995 Nm3/ ha) after oilseed radish (1217 Nm3/ ha). Other factors were also taken into account in the decision such as: total solids content, how easily the crop is managed in agriculture for example due to water content and the negative impact of shared diseases with other crops. Based on the results and factors discussed above, the crop which had the greatest poten, I detta examensarbete har sex olika mellangrödor (hampa, honungsört, oljerättika, sudangräs, luddvicker och vitsenap) undersökts för användning till biogas produktion som ett alternativ för framställning av biobränsle. Miljöfrågor, behovet av nya bränslen och ökningen av världens befolkning har lett till uppmärksamheten för förnybara bränslen det senaste årtiondet. Den Europeiska Unionen har satt gemensamma mål att minska utsläppen av växthusgaserna med 20 % till år 2020, vilket följs av att minst 10 % av bränslena i transportsektorn ska vara förnybara. Biogas är ett av de befintliga alternativa bränslena. Dessutom är det mycket fördelaktigt om råvaran för biogasen inte konkurrerar med jordbruksareal avsedd för livsmedel. De så kallade mellangrödorna blir i kontexten ett mycket bra alternativ eftersom de förebygger kväveläckage genom att fånga upp näringsämne från jorden. En viktig fråga är källan till biobränslet, vilket för närvarande är mest jordbruksgrödor, såsom majs och vete. Den energigröda som används till produktion av biobränsle bör dock inte konkurrera med livsmedelsgrödor utan även ha andra funktioner som främjar dess användning. Mellangrödor är ett lovande material då de bland annat kan förbättra kvalitén i jorden genom att binda näringsämnen och minska näringsläckaget till närliggande vattendrag. Mellangrödor etableras och skördas i ett intervall i grödsekvensen eller växtföljden då marken ligger oanvänd för annan odling, mellan två huvudgrödor. Huvudgrödorna kan till exempel vara potatis, höstvete eller raps. Biogas består till största delen av metan och därefter koldioxid. När våra undersökningar gjordes på metanutbyte blev det oljerättika som gav bäst resultat per hektar, följt av sudangräs. För sudangräs ansågs det finnas utrymme för förbättringar med hjälp av förbehandling. Ensilerat sudangräs valdes därför för ytterligare undersökning. Detta utifrån bland annat beslut om att ensileringen av material blivit bra, hur lätt materialet är att hantera

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Het ILVO publiceerde voor de 22ste keer een beschrijvende en aanbevelende rassenlijst voor voedergewassen (maïs, voederbiet, gras, klaver, bladkool, stoppelknol) en groenbedekkers (bladrammenas, gele mosterd, facelia, wikke, raaigras en rogge) Nieuw dit jaar zijn 3 rassen van gras, 6 rassen kuilmaïs en 1 ras korrelmaïs.

Een flatbewonende imker wil zijn volkstuin gebruiken voor het plaatsen van bijenkasten en het kweken van drachtplanten, en beschrijft zijn ervaringen met de toepassing van borage, bladrammenas en phacelia als groenbemesters, onkruidonderdrukkers en drachtplanten

De voordelen van tussenteelt; aanbevelingen voor de keuze van tussengewassen; biologische bestrijding van nematoden

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192365%5DMICH-V-1192365, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192365/MICH-V-1192365/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192357%5DMICH-V-1192357, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192357/MICH-V-1192357/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192362%5DMICH-V-1192362, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192362/MICH-V-1192362/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192366%5DMICH-V-1192366, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192366/MICH-V-1192366/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192361%5DMICH-V-1192361, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192361/MICH-V-1192361/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192356%5DMICH-V-1192356, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192356/MICH-V-1192356/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192358%5DMICH-V-1192358, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192358/MICH-V-1192358/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192359%5DMICH-V-1192359, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192359/MICH-V-1192359/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192360%5DMICH-V-1192360, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192360/MICH-V-1192360/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192364%5DMICH-V-1192364, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192364/MICH-V-1192364/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192363%5DMICH-V-1192363, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192363/MICH-V-1192363/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192359%5DMICH-V-1192359, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192359/MICH-V-1192359/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192365%5DMICH-V-1192365, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192365/MICH-V-1192365/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192362%5DMICH-V-1192362, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192362/MICH-V-1192362/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192360%5DMICH-V-1192360, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192360/MICH-V-1192360/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192358%5DMICH-V-1192358, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192358/MICH-V-1192358/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192356%5DMICH-V-1192356, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192356/MICH-V-1192356/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192357%5DMICH-V-1192357, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192357/MICH-V-1192357/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192363%5DMICH-V-1192363, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192363/MICH-V-1192363/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192366%5DMICH-V-1192366, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192366/MICH-V-1192366/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192361%5DMICH-V-1192361, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192361/MICH-V-1192361/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1192364%5DMICH-V-1192364, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1192364/MICH-V-1192364/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1521987%5DMICH-V-1521987_1, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1521987/MICH-V-1521987_1/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1521988%5DMICH-V-1521988, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1521988/MICH-V-1521988/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1521989%5DMICH-V-1521989, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1521989/MICH-V-1521989/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1521989%5DMICH-V-1521989_1, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1521989/MICH-V-1521989_1/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1521909%5DMICH-V-1521909, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1521909/MICH-V-1521909/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1521903%5DMICH-V-1521903_1, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1521903/MICH-V-1521903_1/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1521903%5DMICH-V-1521903, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1521903/MICH-V-1521903/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1521906%5DMICH-V-1521906, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1521906/MICH-V-1521906/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1521901%5DMICH-V-1521901, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1521901/MICH-V-1521901/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy