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Your search keyword '"Perry, Ivan J."' showing total 3 results
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3 results on '"Perry, Ivan J."'

1. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes and coronary heart disease in middle-aged men

Author

Perry, Ivan J.

Subjects
616.4
Abstract

This thesis addresses the aetiology of non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) and the association between NIDDM and coronary heart disease (CHD). Hypotheses regarding the causal role of obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking in the development of NIDDM have been tested. The hypothesis that NIDDM shares common risk factors with coronary heart disease, factors which are associated with insulin resistance has also been addressed. Associations between lifestyle and biological CHD risk factors and the risk of developing NIDDM were examined in a longitudinal study, involving a representative sample of 7735 middle-aged British men, followed for an average of 12.8 years. In a cross-sectional study, associations between baseline non-fasting serum insulin levels and CHD risk factors were examined in 5556 men. In further longitudinal studies, insulin levels at baseline were related to the subsequent development of both NIDDM and major CHD events and associations between both established NIDDM and non-fasting serum glucose and incident major CHD events in this cohort were also examined. There were 194 new cases of NIDDM in the longitudinal study. Obesity and physical inactivity were associated with higher risk and moderate alcohol intake with lower risk of NIDDM (relative to occasional drinkers) in multivariate analysis. Men destined to develop NIDDM during follow-up had an adverse coronary risk factor profile at baseline. However some important CHD risk factors, notably serum total cholesterol concentration did not predict NIDDM and the effect of cigarette smoking was equivocal. In cross-sectional analyses, CHD risk factors such as physical inactivity and hypertriglyceridaemia, which were predictive of NIDDM in the longitudinal study, were associated with hyperinsulinemia at the baseline examination. A J-shaped relation between serum insulin levels and risk of NIDDM was observed which is consistent with an early and fundamental role for insulin resistance in the development of this condition. Established NIDDM was associated with an approximately 2-fold increased risk of CHD events during follow-up. independent of other CHD risk factors. In non-diabetics, a weak non-linear association between non-fasting glucose and incident CHD events (N=704) was observed which was non-significant in multivariate analysis. A similar non-linear association between serum insulin concentration at screening and major CHD events during follow-up was observed. There was an almost 2-fold increased relative risk of major CHD events in the l0th decile of the serum insulin distribution relative to the 1st to the 9th deciles combined which was significant in multivariate analysis. The findings support the hypothesis that non-insulin dependent diabetes and coronary heart disease share common lifestyle and biological risk factors which are associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. There is however a major component of CHD risk which is not related to insulin resistance and diabetes.

Published
1996

2. A systematic review of methods to assess intake of saturated fat (SF) among healthy European adults and children: A DEDIPAC (Determinants of Diet and Physical Activity) study

Author

Riordan, Fiona, McGann, Roisin, Kingston, Ciara, Perry, Ivan J., Schulze, Matthias B., Frost Andersen, Lene, Geelen, Anouk, Van 't Veer, Pieter, Eussen, Simone J.P.M., Van Dongen, Martien C.J.M., Wijckmans-Duysens, Nicole E.G., Harrington, Janas M., Riordan, Fiona, McGann, Roisin, Kingston, Ciara, Perry, Ivan J., Schulze, Matthias B., Frost Andersen, Lene, Geelen, Anouk, Van 't Veer, Pieter, Eussen, Simone J.P.M., Van Dongen, Martien C.J.M., Wijckmans-Duysens, Nicole E.G., and Harrington, Janas M.

Abstract

Background: Dietary fat is an essential macronutrient. However, saturated fact has been associated with negative health outcomes including cardiovascular disease. Shifting consumption from saturated fat to unsaturated fats and limiting the level of saturated fat in the diet has been recommended. Currently, there is no standard method to measure saturated fat intake in etiologic studies. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain a reliable picture of saturated fat intake in Europe. To inform the development of the DEDIPAC (DEterminants of DIet and Physical Activity) toolbox of methods, we aimed to identify the assessment methods and specific instruments which have been used to assess saturated fat intake among children or adults in pan-European studies. Methods: Three electronic databases were searched for English language studies of any design which assessed intake of saturated fat. Reference lists were hand-searched. Studies were included if they were conducted in two or more European countries, and involved healthy, free-living children and adults. Results: The review identified 20 pan-European studies which assessed saturated fat intake. Food Frequency Questionnaires (n = 8) and diet records (n = 7) were most common, followed by 24-h recalls (n = 5). Methods differed in portion size estimation and the composition data which was used to calculate nutrient intake. Of the instruments used in more than two European countries, five Food Frequency Questionnaires had been specifically tested for validity to assess saturated fat intake; four among adults (Food4me, PURE, IMMIDIET, Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE)) and one among children (used by Piqueras et al.). Conclusions: A standardised approach to portion size estimation and a common source of food composition data are required to measure saturated fat intake across Europe effectively. Only five instruments had been used in more than two European countries and specifically tested for val

Published
2018

3. The influence of sitting, standing, and stepping bouts on cardiometabolic health markers in older adults

Author

HRB, National Heart Foundation of Australia, Verswijveren, Simone J.J.M., Powell, Cormac, Chappel, Stephanie E., Ridgers, Nicola D., Carson, Brian P., Dowd, Kieran P., Perry, Ivan J., Kearney, Patricia M., Harrington, Janas M., Donnelly, Alan Edward, HRB, National Heart Foundation of Australia, Verswijveren, Simone J.J.M., Powell, Cormac, Chappel, Stephanie E., Ridgers, Nicola D., Carson, Brian P., Dowd, Kieran P., Perry, Ivan J., Kearney, Patricia M., Harrington, Janas M., and Donnelly, Alan Edward

Abstract

peer-reviewed, Aside from total time spent in physical activity behaviors, how time is accumulated is important for health. This study examined associations between sitting, standing, and stepping bouts, with cardiometabolic health markers in older adults. Participants from the Mitchelstown Cohort Rescreen Study (N = 221) provided cross-sectional data on activity behaviors (assessed via an activPAL3 Micro) and cardiometabolic health. Bouts of ≥10-, ≥30-, and ≥60-min sitting, standing, and stepping were calculated. Linear regression models were fitted to examine the associations between bouts and cardiometabolic health markers. Sitting (≥10, ≥30, and ≥60 min) and standing (≥10 and ≥30 min) bouts were detrimentally associated with body composition measures, lipid markers, and fasting glucose. The effect for time spent in ≥60-min sitting and ≥30-min standing bouts was larger than shorter bouts. Fragmenting sitting with bouts of stepping may be targeted to benefit cardiometabolic health. Further insights for the role of standing need to be elicited.

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