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1. 2021 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations

Author

Wyckoff, MH, Singletary, EM, Soar, J, Olasveengen, TM, Greif, R, Liley, HG, Zideman, D, Bhanji, F, Andersen, LW, Avis, SR, Aziz, K, Bendall, JC, Berry, DC, Borra, V, Böttiger, BW, Bradley, R, Bray, JE, Breckwoldt, J, Carlson, JN, Cassan, P, Castrén, M, Chang, WT, Charlton, NP, Cheng, A, Chung, SP, Costa-Nobre, DT, Dainty, KN, Davis, PG, de Almeida, MF, de Caen, AR, de Paiva, EF, Deakin, CD, Djärv, T, Douma, MJ, Drennan, IR, Duff, JP, Eastwood, KJ, El-Naggar, W, Epstein, JL, Escalante, R, Fabres, JG, Fawke, J, Finn, JC, Foglia, EE, Folke, F, Freeman, K, Gilfoyle, E, Goolsby, CA, Grove, A, Guinsburg, R, Hatanaka, T, Hazinski, MF, Heriot, GS, Hirsch, KG, Holmberg, MJ, Hosono, S, Hsieh, MJ, Hung, KKC, Hsu, CH, Ikeyama, T, Isayama, T, Kapadia, VS, Kawakami, MD, Kim, HS, Kloeck, DA, Kudenchuk, PJ, Lagina, AT, Lauridsen, KG, Lavonas, EJ, Lockey, AS, Hansen, CM, Markenson, D, Matsuyama, T, McKinlay, CJD, Mehrabian, A, Merchant, RM, Meyran, D, Morley, PT, Morrison, LJ, Nation, KJ, Nemeth, M, Neumar, RW, Nicholson, T, Niermeyer, S, Nikolaou, N, Nishiyama, C, O’Neil, BJ, Orkin, AM, Osemeke, O, Parr, MJ, Patocka, C, Pellegrino, JL, Perkins, GD, Perlman, JM, Rabi, Y, Reynolds, JC, Ristagno, G, Roehr, CC, Sakamoto, T, Sandroni, C, Considine, Julie, Wyckoff, MH, Singletary, EM, Soar, J, Olasveengen, TM, Greif, R, Liley, HG, Zideman, D, Bhanji, F, Andersen, LW, Avis, SR, Aziz, K, Bendall, JC, Berry, DC, Borra, V, Böttiger, BW, Bradley, R, Bray, JE, Breckwoldt, J, Carlson, JN, Cassan, P, Castrén, M, Chang, WT, Charlton, NP, Cheng, A, Chung, SP, Costa-Nobre, DT, Dainty, KN, Davis, PG, de Almeida, MF, de Caen, AR, de Paiva, EF, Deakin, CD, Djärv, T, Douma, MJ, Drennan, IR, Duff, JP, Eastwood, KJ, El-Naggar, W, Epstein, JL, Escalante, R, Fabres, JG, Fawke, J, Finn, JC, Foglia, EE, Folke, F, Freeman, K, Gilfoyle, E, Goolsby, CA, Grove, A, Guinsburg, R, Hatanaka, T, Hazinski, MF, Heriot, GS, Hirsch, KG, Holmberg, MJ, Hosono, S, Hsieh, MJ, Hung, KKC, Hsu, CH, Ikeyama, T, Isayama, T, Kapadia, VS, Kawakami, MD, Kim, HS, Kloeck, DA, Kudenchuk, PJ, Lagina, AT, Lauridsen, KG, Lavonas, EJ, Lockey, AS, Hansen, CM, Markenson, D, Matsuyama, T, McKinlay, CJD, Mehrabian, A, Merchant, RM, Meyran, D, Morley, PT, Morrison, LJ, Nation, KJ, Nemeth, M, Neumar, RW, Nicholson, T, Niermeyer, S, Nikolaou, N, Nishiyama, C, O’Neil, BJ, Orkin, AM, Osemeke, O, Parr, MJ, Patocka, C, Pellegrino, JL, Perkins, GD, Perlman, JM, Rabi, Y, Reynolds, JC, Ristagno, G, Roehr, CC, Sakamoto, T, Sandroni, C, and Considine, Julie

Published
2022

3. 2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; First Aid Task Forces; and the COVID-19 Working Group

Author

Wyckoff, Mh, Singletary, Em, Soar, J, Olasveengen, Tm, Greif, R, Liley, Hg, Zideman, D, Bhanji, F, Andersen, Lw, Avis, Sr, Aziz, K, Bendall, Jc, Berry, Dc, Borra, V, Bottiger, Bw, Bradley, R, Bray, Je, Breckwoldt, J, Carlson, Jn, Cassan, P, Castren, M, Chang, Wt, Charlton, Np, Cheng, A, Chung, Sp, Considine, J, Costa-Nobre, Dt, Couper, K, Dainty, Kn, Davis, Pg, de Almeida, Mf, de Caen, Ar, de Paiva, Ef, Deakin, Cd, Djarv, T, Douma, Mj, Drennan, Ir, Duff, Jp, Eastwood, Kj, El-Naggar, W, Epstein, Jl, Escalante, R, Fabres, Jg, Fawke, J, Finn, Jc, Foglia, Ee, Folke, F, Freeman, K, Gilfoyle, E, Goolsby, Ca, Grove, A, Guinsburg, R, Hatanaka, T, Hazinski, Mf, Heriot, G, Hirsch, Kg, Holmberg, Mj, Hosono, S, Hsieh, Mj, Hung, Kkc, Hsu, Ch, Ikeyama, T, Isayama, T, Kapadia, V, Kawakami, Md, Kim, H, Kloeck, Da, Kudenchuk, Pj, Lagina, At, Lauridsen, Kg, Lavonas, Ej, Lockey, A, Hansen, Cm, Markenson, D, Matsuyama, T, McKinlay, Cjd, Mehrabian, A, Merchant, Rm, Meyran, D, Morley, Pt, Morrison, Lj, Nation, Kj, Nemeth, M, Neumar, Rw, Nicholson, T, Niermeyer, S, Nikolaou, N, Nishiyama, C, O'Neil, Bj, Orkin, Am, Osemeke, O, Parr, Mj, Patocka, C, Pellegrino, Jl, Perkins, Gd, Perlman, Jm, Rabi, Y, Reynolds, Jc, Ristagno, G, Roehr, Cc, Sakamoto, T, Sandroni, C, Sawyer, T, Schmolzer, Gm, Schnaubelt, S, Semeraro, F, Skrifvars, Mb, Smith, Cm, Smyth, Ma, Soll, Rf, Sugiura, T, Taylor-Phillips, S, Trevisanuto, D, Vaillancourt, C, Wang, Tl, Weiner, Gm, Welsford, M, Wigginton, J, Wyllie, Jp, Yeung, J, Nolan, Jp, Berg, Km, Sandroni, C (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611), Wyckoff, Mh, Singletary, Em, Soar, J, Olasveengen, Tm, Greif, R, Liley, Hg, Zideman, D, Bhanji, F, Andersen, Lw, Avis, Sr, Aziz, K, Bendall, Jc, Berry, Dc, Borra, V, Bottiger, Bw, Bradley, R, Bray, Je, Breckwoldt, J, Carlson, Jn, Cassan, P, Castren, M, Chang, Wt, Charlton, Np, Cheng, A, Chung, Sp, Considine, J, Costa-Nobre, Dt, Couper, K, Dainty, Kn, Davis, Pg, de Almeida, Mf, de Caen, Ar, de Paiva, Ef, Deakin, Cd, Djarv, T, Douma, Mj, Drennan, Ir, Duff, Jp, Eastwood, Kj, El-Naggar, W, Epstein, Jl, Escalante, R, Fabres, Jg, Fawke, J, Finn, Jc, Foglia, Ee, Folke, F, Freeman, K, Gilfoyle, E, Goolsby, Ca, Grove, A, Guinsburg, R, Hatanaka, T, Hazinski, Mf, Heriot, G, Hirsch, Kg, Holmberg, Mj, Hosono, S, Hsieh, Mj, Hung, Kkc, Hsu, Ch, Ikeyama, T, Isayama, T, Kapadia, V, Kawakami, Md, Kim, H, Kloeck, Da, Kudenchuk, Pj, Lagina, At, Lauridsen, Kg, Lavonas, Ej, Lockey, A, Hansen, Cm, Markenson, D, Matsuyama, T, McKinlay, Cjd, Mehrabian, A, Merchant, Rm, Meyran, D, Morley, Pt, Morrison, Lj, Nation, Kj, Nemeth, M, Neumar, Rw, Nicholson, T, Niermeyer, S, Nikolaou, N, Nishiyama, C, O'Neil, Bj, Orkin, Am, Osemeke, O, Parr, Mj, Patocka, C, Pellegrino, Jl, Perkins, Gd, Perlman, Jm, Rabi, Y, Reynolds, Jc, Ristagno, G, Roehr, Cc, Sakamoto, T, Sandroni, C, Sawyer, T, Schmolzer, Gm, Schnaubelt, S, Semeraro, F, Skrifvars, Mb, Smith, Cm, Smyth, Ma, Soll, Rf, Sugiura, T, Taylor-Phillips, S, Trevisanuto, D, Vaillancourt, C, Wang, Tl, Weiner, Gm, Welsford, M, Wigginton, J, Wyllie, Jp, Yeung, J, Nolan, Jp, Berg, Km, and Sandroni, C (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611)

Abstract

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the fifth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations; a more comprehensive review was done in 2020. This latest summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews in this summary include resuscitation topics of video-based dispatch systems; head-up cardiopulmonary resuscitation; early coronary angiography after return of spontaneous circulation; cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prone patient; cord management at birth for preterm and term infants; devices for administering positive-pressure ventilation at birth; family presence during neonatal resuscitation; self-directed, digitally based basic life support education and training in adults and children; coronavirus disease 2019 infection risk to rescuers from patients in cardiac arrest; and first aid topics, including cooling with water for thermal burns, oral rehydration for exertional dehydration, pediatric tourniquet use, and methods of tick removal. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations or good practice statements. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task forces listed priority knowledge gaps for further research.

Published
2022

4. 2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams

Author

Wyckoff, MH, Singletary, EM, Soar, J, Olasveengen, TM, Greif, R, Liley, HG, Zideman, D, Bhanji, F, Andersen, LW, Avis, SR, Aziz, K, Bendall, JC, Berry, DC, Borra, V, Böttiger, BW, Bradley, R, Bray, JE, Breckwoldt, J, Carlson, JN, Cassan, P, Castrén, M, Chang, WT, Charlton, NP, Cheng, A, Chung, SP, Considine, Julie, Costa-Nobre, DT, Couper, K, Dainty, KN, Davis, PG, de Almeida, MF, de Caen, AR, de Paiva, EF, Deakin, CD, Djärv, T, Douma, MJ, Drennan, IR, Duff, JP, Eastwood, KJ, El-Naggar, W, Epstein, JL, Escalante, R, Fabres, JG, Fawke, J, Finn, JC, Foglia, EE, Folke, F, Freeman, K, Gilfoyle, E, Goolsby, CA, Grove, A, Guinsburg, R, Hatanaka, T, Hazinski, MF, Heriot, GS, Hirsch, KG, Holmberg, MJ, Hosono, S, Hsieh, MJ, Hung, KKC, Hsu, CH, Ikeyama, T, Isayama, T, Kapadia, VS, Kawakami, MD, Kim, HS, Kloeck, DA, Kudenchuk, PJ, Lagina, AT, Lauridsen, KG, Lavonas, EJ, Lockey, AS, Malta Hansen, C, Markenson, D, Matsuyama, T, McKinlay, CJD, Mehrabian, A, Merchant, RM, Meyran, D, Morley, PT, Morrison, LJ, Nation, KJ, Nemeth, M, Neumar, RW, Nicholson, T, Niermeyer, S, Nikolaou, N, Nishiyama, C, O'Neil, BJ, Orkin, AM, Osemeke, O, Parr, MJ, Patocka, C, Pellegrino, JL, Perkins, GD, Perlman, JM, Rabi, Y, Reynolds, JC, Ristagno, G, Roehr, CC, Wyckoff, MH, Singletary, EM, Soar, J, Olasveengen, TM, Greif, R, Liley, HG, Zideman, D, Bhanji, F, Andersen, LW, Avis, SR, Aziz, K, Bendall, JC, Berry, DC, Borra, V, Böttiger, BW, Bradley, R, Bray, JE, Breckwoldt, J, Carlson, JN, Cassan, P, Castrén, M, Chang, WT, Charlton, NP, Cheng, A, Chung, SP, Considine, Julie, Costa-Nobre, DT, Couper, K, Dainty, KN, Davis, PG, de Almeida, MF, de Caen, AR, de Paiva, EF, Deakin, CD, Djärv, T, Douma, MJ, Drennan, IR, Duff, JP, Eastwood, KJ, El-Naggar, W, Epstein, JL, Escalante, R, Fabres, JG, Fawke, J, Finn, JC, Foglia, EE, Folke, F, Freeman, K, Gilfoyle, E, Goolsby, CA, Grove, A, Guinsburg, R, Hatanaka, T, Hazinski, MF, Heriot, GS, Hirsch, KG, Holmberg, MJ, Hosono, S, Hsieh, MJ, Hung, KKC, Hsu, CH, Ikeyama, T, Isayama, T, Kapadia, VS, Kawakami, MD, Kim, HS, Kloeck, DA, Kudenchuk, PJ, Lagina, AT, Lauridsen, KG, Lavonas, EJ, Lockey, AS, Malta Hansen, C, Markenson, D, Matsuyama, T, McKinlay, CJD, Mehrabian, A, Merchant, RM, Meyran, D, Morley, PT, Morrison, LJ, Nation, KJ, Nemeth, M, Neumar, RW, Nicholson, T, Niermeyer, S, Nikolaou, N, Nishiyama, C, O'Neil, BJ, Orkin, AM, Osemeke, O, Parr, MJ, Patocka, C, Pellegrino, JL, Perkins, GD, Perlman, JM, Rabi, Y, Reynolds, JC, Ristagno, G, and Roehr, CC

Published
2021

5. The effect of alternative methods of cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Cough CPR, percussion pacing or precordial thump - on outcomes following cardiac arrest. A systematic review

Author

Dee, R, Smith, M, Rajendran, K, Perkins, GD, Smith, CM, Vaillancourt, C, Avis, S, Brooks, S, Castren, M, Chung, SP, Considine, J, Escalante, R, Han, LS, Hatanaka, T, Hazinski, MF, Hung, K, Kudenchuk, P, Morley, P, Ng, K-C, Nishiyama, C, Semeraro, F, Smyth, M, Dee, R, Smith, M, Rajendran, K, Perkins, GD, Smith, CM, Vaillancourt, C, Avis, S, Brooks, S, Castren, M, Chung, SP, Considine, J, Escalante, R, Han, LS, Hatanaka, T, Hazinski, MF, Hung, K, Kudenchuk, P, Morley, P, Ng, K-C, Nishiyama, C, Semeraro, F, and Smyth, M

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves cardiac arrest survival. Cough CPR, percussion pacing and precordial thump have been reported as alternative CPR techniques. We aimed to summarise in a systematic review the effectiveness of these alternative CPR techniques. METHODS: We searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library on 24/08/2020. We included randomised controlled trials, observational studies and case series with five or more patients. Two reviewers independently reviewed title and abstracts to identify studies for full-text review, and reviewed bibliographies and 'related articles' (using PubMed) of full-texts for further eligible studies. We extracted data and performed risk-of-bias assessments on studies included in the systematic review. We summarised data in a narrative synthesis, and used GRADE to assess evidence certainty. RESULTS: We included 23 studies (cough CPR n = 4, percussion pacing n = 4, precordial thump n = 16; one study studied two interventions). Only two (both precordial thump) had a comparator group ('standard' CPR). For all techniques evidence certainty was very low. Available evidence suggests that precordial thump does not improve survival to hospital discharge in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The review did not find evidence that cough CPR or percussion pacing improve clinical outcomes following cardiac arrest. CONCLUSION: Cough CPR, percussion pacing and precordial thump should not be routinely used in established cardiac arrest. In specific inpatient, monitored settings cough CPR (in conscious patients) or percussion pacing may be attempted at the onset of a potential lethal arrhythmia. These must not delay standard CPR efforts in those who lose cardiac output. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42019152925.

Published
2021

6. Adult basic life support: international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations

Author

Olasveengen, TM, Mancini, ME, Perkins, GD, Avis, S, Brooks, S, Castrén, M, Chung, SP, Considine, Julie, Couper, K, Escalante, R, Hatanaka, T, Hung, KKC, Kudenchuk, P, Lim, SH, Nishiyama, C, Ristagno, G, Semeraro, F, Smith, CM, Smyth, MA, Vaillancourt, C, Nolan, JP, Hazinski, MF, Morley, PT, Svavarsdóttir, H, Raffay, V, Kuzovlev, A, Grasner, JT, Dee, R, Smith, M, Rajendran, K, Olasveengen, TM, Mancini, ME, Perkins, GD, Avis, S, Brooks, S, Castrén, M, Chung, SP, Considine, Julie, Couper, K, Escalante, R, Hatanaka, T, Hung, KKC, Kudenchuk, P, Lim, SH, Nishiyama, C, Ristagno, G, Semeraro, F, Smith, CM, Smyth, MA, Vaillancourt, C, Nolan, JP, Hazinski, MF, Morley, PT, Svavarsdóttir, H, Raffay, V, Kuzovlev, A, Grasner, JT, Dee, R, Smith, M, and Rajendran, K

Published
2020

7. Adult Basic Life Support: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations

Author

Olasveengen, TM, Mancini, ME, Perkins, GD, Avis, S, Brooks, S, Castrén, M, Chung, SP, Considine, Julie-Anne, Couper, K, Escalante, R, Hatanaka, T, Hung, KKC, Kudenchuk, P, Lim, SH, Nishiyama, C, Ristagno, G, Semeraro, F, Smith, CM, Smyth, MA, Vaillancourt, C, Nolan, JP, Hazinski, MF, Morley, PT, Olasveengen, TM, Mancini, ME, Perkins, GD, Avis, S, Brooks, S, Castrén, M, Chung, SP, Considine, Julie-Anne, Couper, K, Escalante, R, Hatanaka, T, Hung, KKC, Kudenchuk, P, Lim, SH, Nishiyama, C, Ristagno, G, Semeraro, F, Smith, CM, Smyth, MA, Vaillancourt, C, Nolan, JP, Hazinski, MF, and Morley, PT

Abstract

This 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations on basic life support summarizes evidence evaluations performed for 22 topics that were prioritized by the Basic Life Support Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. The evidence reviews include 16 systematic reviews, 5 scoping reviews, and 1 evidence update. Per agreement within the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, new or revised treatment recommendations were only made after a systematic review. Systematic reviews were performed for the following topics: dispatch diagnosis of cardiac arrest, use of a firm surface for CPR, sequence for starting CPR (compressions-airway-breaths versus airway-breaths-compressions), CPR before calling for help, duration of CPR cycles, hand position during compressions, rhythm check timing, feedback for CPR quality, alternative techniques, public access automated external defibrillator programs, analysis of rhythm during chest compressions, CPR before defibrillation, removal of foreign-body airway obstruction, resuscitation care for suspected opioid-associated emergencies, drowning, and harm from CPR to victims not in cardiac arrest. The topics that resulted in the most extensive task force discussions included CPR during transport, CPR before calling for help, resuscitation care for suspected opioid-associated emergencies, feedback for CPR quality, and analysis of rhythm during chest compressions. After discussion of the scoping reviews and the evidence update, the task force prioritized several topics for new systematic reviews.

Published
2020

8. COVID-19 in cardiac arrest and infection risk to rescuers: A systematic review

Author

Couper, K, Taylor-Phillips, S, Grove, A, Freeman, K, Osokogu, O, Court, R, Mehrabian, A, Morley, PT, Nolan, JP, Soar, J, Perkins, GD, Couper, K, Taylor-Phillips, S, Grove, A, Freeman, K, Osokogu, O, Court, R, Mehrabian, A, Morley, PT, Nolan, JP, Soar, J, and Perkins, GD

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There may be a risk of COVID-19 transmission to rescuers delivering treatment for cardiac arrest. The aim of this review was to identify the potential risk of transmission associated with key interventions (chest compressions, defibrillation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation) to inform international treatment recommendations. METHODS: We undertook a systematic review comprising three questions: (1) aerosol generation associated with key interventions; (2) risk of airborne infection transmission associated with key interventions; and (3) the effect of different personal protective equipment strategies. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the World Health Organization COVID-19 database on 24th March 2020. Eligibility criteria were developed individually for each question. We assessed risk of bias for individual studies, and used the GRADE process to assess evidence certainty by outcome. RESULTS: We included eleven studies: two cohort studies, one case control study, five case reports, and three manikin randomised controlled trials. We did not find any direct evidence that chest compressions or defibrillation either are or are not associated with aerosol generation or transmission of infection. Data from manikin studies indicates that donning of personal protective equipment delays treatment delivery. Studies provided only indirect evidence, with no study describing patients with COVID-19. Evidence certainty was low or very low for all outcomes. CONCLUSION: It is uncertain whether chest compressions or defibrillation cause aerosol generation or transmission of COVID-19 to rescuers. There is very limited evidence and a rapid need for further studies. Review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020175594.

Published
2020

9. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation: COVID-19 consensus on science, treatment recommendations and task force insights

Author

Perkins, GD, Morley, PT, Nolan, JP, Soar, J, Berg, K, Olasveengen, T, Wyckoff, M, Greif, R, Singletary, N, Castren, M, de Caen, A, Wang, T, Escalante, R, Merchant, RM, Hazinski, M, Kloeck, D, Heriot, G, Couper, K, Neumar, R, Perkins, GD, Morley, PT, Nolan, JP, Soar, J, Berg, K, Olasveengen, T, Wyckoff, M, Greif, R, Singletary, N, Castren, M, de Caen, A, Wang, T, Escalante, R, Merchant, RM, Hazinski, M, Kloeck, D, Heriot, G, Couper, K, and Neumar, R

Abstract

Consensus on Science and Treatment recommendations aim to balance the benefits of early resuscitation with the potential for harm to care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chest compressions and cardiopulmonary resuscitation have the potential to generate aerosols. During the current COVID-19 pandemic lay rescuers should consider compressions and public-access defibrillation. Lay rescuers who are willing, trained and able to do so, should consider providing rescue breaths to infants and children in addition to chest compressions. Healthcare professionals should use personal protective equipment for aerosol generating procedures during resuscitation and may consider defibrillation before donning personal protective equipment for aerosol generating procedures.

Published
2020

10. Executive Summary 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations

Author

Nolan, JP, Maconochie, I, Soar, J, Olasveengen, TM, Greif, R, Wyckoff, MH, Singletary, EM, Aickin, R, Berg, KM, Mancini, ME, Bhanji, F, Wyllie, J, Zideman, D, Neumar, RW, Perkins, GD, Castren, M, Morley, PT, Montgomery, WH, Nadkarni, VM, Billi, JE, Merchant, RM, de Caen, A, Escalante-Kanashiro, R, Kloeck, D, Wang, T-L, Hazinski, MF, Nolan, JP, Maconochie, I, Soar, J, Olasveengen, TM, Greif, R, Wyckoff, MH, Singletary, EM, Aickin, R, Berg, KM, Mancini, ME, Bhanji, F, Wyllie, J, Zideman, D, Neumar, RW, Perkins, GD, Castren, M, Morley, PT, Montgomery, WH, Nadkarni, VM, Billi, JE, Merchant, RM, de Caen, A, Escalante-Kanashiro, R, Kloeck, D, Wang, T-L, and Hazinski, MF

Published
2020

11. Chest compression components (rate, depth, chest wall recoil and leaning): A scoping review

Author

Considine, J, Gazmuri, RJ, Perkins, GD, Kudenchuk, PJ, Olasveengen, TM, Vaillancourt, C, Nishiyama, C, Hatanaka, T, Mancini, ME, Chung, SP, Escalante-Kanashiro, R, Morley, P, Considine, J, Gazmuri, RJ, Perkins, GD, Kudenchuk, PJ, Olasveengen, TM, Vaillancourt, C, Nishiyama, C, Hatanaka, T, Mancini, ME, Chung, SP, Escalante-Kanashiro, R, and Morley, P

Abstract

AIM: To understand whether the science to date has focused on single or multiple chest compression components and identify the evidence related to chest compression components to determine the need for a full systematic review. METHODS: This review was undertaken by members of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation and guided by a specific methodological framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were peer-reviewed human studies that examined the effect of different chest compression depths or rates, or chest wall or leaning, on physiological or clinical outcomes. The databases searched were MEDLINE complete, Embase, and Cochrane. RESULTS: Twenty-two clinical studies were included in this review: five observational studies involving 879 patients examined both chest compression rate and depth; eight studies involving 14,285 patients examined chest compression rate only; seven studies involving 12001 patients examined chest compression depth only, and two studies involving 1848 patients examined chest wall recoil. No studies were identified that examined chest wall leaning. Three studies reported an inverse relationship between chest compression rate and depth. CONCLUSION: This scoping review did not identify sufficient new evidence that would justify conducting new systematic reviews or reconsideration of current resuscitation guidelines. This scoping review does highlight significant gaps in the research evidence related to chest compression components, namely a lack of high-level evidence, paucity of studies of in-hospital cardiac arrest, and failure to account for the possibility of interactions between chest compression components.

Published
2020

12. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 3. Adult advanced life support

Author

Soar, J, Nolan, Jp, Böttiger, Bw, Perkins, Gd, Lott, C, Carli, P, Pellis, T, Sandroni, Claudio, Skrifvars, Mb, Smith, Gb, Sunde, K, Deakin, Cd, Sandroni, Claudio (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611), Soar, J, Nolan, Jp, Böttiger, Bw, Perkins, Gd, Lott, C, Carli, P, Pellis, T, Sandroni, Claudio, Skrifvars, Mb, Smith, Gb, Sunde, K, Deakin, Cd, and Sandroni, Claudio (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611)

Abstract

Adult advanced life support (ALS) includes advanced interven-tions after basic life support has started and when appropriate anautomated external defibrillator (AED) has been used. These Guidelines are based on the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) 2015 Consensus on Science andTreatment Recommendations (CoSTR) for ALS. The 2015 ILCOR review focused on 42 topics organised in the approximate sequenceof ALS interventions: defibrillation, airway, oxygenation and ven-tilation, circulatory support, monitoring during CPR, and drugsduring CPR. For these Guidelines the ILCOR recommendations weresupplemented by focused literature reviews undertaken by the ERCALS Writing Group for those topics not reviewed in the 2015 ILCORCoSTR. Guidelines were drafted and agreed by the ALS Writing Group members before final approval by the ERC General Assembly and ERC Board.

Published
2015

13. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 4. Cardiac arrest in special circumstances

Author

Truhlář, A, Deakin, Cd, Soar, J, Khalifa, Gea, Alfonzo, A, Bierens, Jjlm, Brattebø, G, Brugger, H, Dunning, J, Hunyadi Antičević, S, Koster, Rw, Lockey, Dj, Lott, C, Paal, P, Perkins, Gd, Sandroni, Claudio, Thies, K, Zideman, Da, Nolan, Jp, Sandroni, Claudio (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611), Truhlář, A, Deakin, Cd, Soar, J, Khalifa, Gea, Alfonzo, A, Bierens, Jjlm, Brattebø, G, Brugger, H, Dunning, J, Hunyadi Antičević, S, Koster, Rw, Lockey, Dj, Lott, C, Paal, P, Perkins, Gd, Sandroni, Claudio, Thies, K, Zideman, Da, Nolan, Jp, and Sandroni, Claudio (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611)

Abstract

Irrespective of the cause of cardiac arrest, early recognition andcalling for help, including appropriate management of the deteri-orating patient, early defibrillation, high-quality cardiopulmonaryresuscitation (CPR) with minimal interruption of chest compres-sions and treatment of reversible causes, are the most importantinterventions.In certain conditions, however, advanced life support (ALS) guidelines require modification. The following guidelines for resuscitation in special circumstances are divided into three parts: special causes, special environments and special patients.

Published
2015

14. An efficacy and mechanism evaluation study of Levosimendan for the Prevention of Acute oRgan Dysfunction in Sepsis (LeoPARDS): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Author

Liu, Kathleen, Liu, Kathleen, Orme, RML, Perkins, GD, McAuley, DF, Liu, KD, Mason, AJ, Morelli, A, Singer, M, Ashby, D, Gordon, AC, Liu, Kathleen, Liu, Kathleen, Orme, RML, Perkins, GD, McAuley, DF, Liu, KD, Mason, AJ, Morelli, A, Singer, M, Ashby, D, and Gordon, AC

Abstract

Background: Organ dysfunction consequent to infection ('severe sepsis') is the leading cause of admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). In both animal models and early clinical studies the calcium channel sensitizer levosimendan has been demonstrated to

Published
2014

15. An efficacy and mechanism evaluation study of Levosimendan for the Prevention of Acute oRgan Dysfunction in Sepsis (LeoPARDS): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Author

Liu, Kathleen, Liu, Kathleen, Orme, RML, Perkins, GD, McAuley, DF, Liu, KD, Mason, AJ, Morelli, A, Singer, M, Ashby, D, Gordon, AC, Liu, Kathleen, Liu, Kathleen, Orme, RML, Perkins, GD, McAuley, DF, Liu, KD, Mason, AJ, Morelli, A, Singer, M, Ashby, D, and Gordon, AC

Abstract

Background: Organ dysfunction consequent to infection ('severe sepsis') is the leading cause of admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). In both animal models and early clinical studies the calcium channel sensitizer levosimendan has been demonstrated to

Published
2014

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