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The ocean is vast, complex, and increasingly threatened by human activities. There is an urgent need to find complementary ways to gather extensive information and promote the comprehensive understanding and management of the ocean. In addition, as coastal populations grow, these regions are becoming more vulnerable to hazardous natural events. The global network of subsea cables provides an opportunity to support a holistic ocean observation system, in particular, to anticipate and provide warning about hazards and to prepare responses to catastrophic events. Large-scale and widespread ocean monitoring may also enable the oversight and tracing of global phenomena that have local impacts.

A catastrophic rock planar slide occurred in the parish of Palmeira de Faro, Esposende (N Portugal), on November 23, 2022, in the middle of the night, killing two people while they were asleep in the first floor of a building close to the affected cut slope. The collapsed slope presented a maximum height of about 23 m, and was excavated in a granitic rock mass strongly weathered, in some areas by mechanical means and, locally, with the support of blasting. The displaced material, with an estimated volume of 2000 m3, described an oblique trajectory with respect to the dip direction of the slope with a maximum length of about 44.6 m. The direction of the trajectory could be explained by the strong structural control of the instability trough three discontinuity sets which delimit the slid rock mass causing multiple damage on the above-mentioned building. Although further detailed studies are necessary to elucidate the causes of the landslide, the unfavorable geological conditions, the anomalous accumulated rainfall during the previous two months (more than double than in the historic records), and some excavations apparently performed on the cut slope could be related to this instability. Therefore, this recent landslide highlights the important influence of the rock mass structure on the development of rock planar slides.

After a sequence of weeks of heavy raining, a catastrophic mass movement occurred in the parish of Palmeira de Faro, Esposende (N Portugal) on November 23, 2022. The collapsed slope presented a maximum height of about 21 m and a length of 45 m. In order to document and analyse this case from the geotechnical perspective, a general survey was devised including the use of aerial photography, laser scanning and conventional topographic survey methods. The results obtained showed that these techniques provide very accurate and abundant information that is essential to support a comprehensive documentation of the features and variables of the slope. The mechanisms involved in this catastrophic collapse are still under investigation, and causes such as the excessive rainfall in the previous months or geologic conditions are still being considered, although currently the existing information seems to indicate for a combination of debris flow / rock slide driven event.

The Magellanic Clouds are the most massive and closest satellite galaxies of the Milky Way, with stars covering ages from a few Myr up to 13 Gyr. This makes them important for validating integrated light methods to study stellar populations and star-formation processes, which can be applied to more distant galaxies. We characterized a set of stellar clusters in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), using the $\textit{Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey}$. This is the first age (metallicity) determination for 11 (65) clusters of this sample. Through its 7 narrow bands, centered on important spectral features, and 5 broad bands, we can retrieve detailed information about stellar populations. We obtained ages and metallicities for all stellar clusters using the Bayesian spectral energy distribution fitting code $\texttt{BAGPIPES}$. With a sample of clusters in the color range $-0.20 < r-z < +0.35$, for which our determined parameters are most reliable, we modeled the age-metallicity relation of SMC. At any given age, the metallicities of SMC clusters are lower than those of both the Gaia Sausage-Enceladus disrupted dwarf galaxy and the Milky Way. In comparison with literature values, differences are $\Delta$log(age)$\approx0.31$ and $\Delta$[Fe/H]$\approx0.41$, which is comparable to low-resolution spectroscopy of individual stars. Finally, we confirm a previously known gradient, with younger clusters in the center and older ones preferentially located in the outermost regions. On the other hand, we found no evidence of a significant metallicity gradient., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures

This chapter will take a look at the European Union and its approach to a new gas world that will be dominated by hydrogen. What steps need to be taken to get there? What policy plans are in place? And what does the current legal framework say about all of this? The chapter will address these questions by providing a brief overview of the role of hydrogen in the future as a substitute and/or supplement for natural gas in the European gas system. It will then proceed to discuss hydrogen policy plans in the European Union across various sectors, such as industry, transport, energy infrastructure and construction, and provide an outlook on the required investments. Afterwards, it provides an overview of applicable European legislation before concluding with some observations on the interplay between policy and law in enhancing hydrogen usage in the European Union.

AEROS aims to develop a nanosatellite as a precursor of a future system of systems, which will include assets and capabilities of both new and existing platforms operating in the Ocean and Space, equipped with state-of-the-art sensors and technologies, all connected through a communication network linked to a data gathering, processing and dissemination system. This constellation leverages scientific and economic synergies emerging from New Space and the opportunities in prospecting, monitoring, and valuing the Ocean in a sustainable manner, addressing the demand for improved spatial, temporal, and spectral coverage in areas such as coastal ecosystems management and climate change assessment and mitigation. Currently, novel sensors and systems, including a miniaturized hyperspectral imager and a flexible software-defined communication system, are being developed and integrated into a new versatile satellite structure, supported by an innovative on-board software. Additional sensors, like the LoRaWAN protocol and a wider field of view RGB camera, are under study. To cope with data needs, a Data Analysis Centre, including a cloud-based data and telemetry dashboard and a back-end layer, to receive and process acquired and ingested data, is being implemented to provide tailored-to-use remote sensing products for a wide range of applications for private and institutional stakeholders., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, Manuscript presented at the 4S Symposium 2022, Vilamoura, Portugal, 16 - 20 May 2022

AEROS is a 3U CubeSat pathfinder toward a future ocean-observing constellation, targeting the Portuguese Atlantic region. AEROS features a miniaturized, high-resolution Hyperspectral Imager (HSI), a 5MP RGB camera, and a Software Defined Radio (SDR). The sensor generated data will be processed and aggregated for end-users in a new web-based Data Analysis Center (DAC). The HSI has 150 spectrally contiguous bands covering visible to near-infrared with 10 nm bandwidth. The HSI collects ocean color data to support studies of oceanographic characteristics known to influence the spatio-temporal distribution and movement behavior of marine organisms. Usage of an SDR expands AEROS's operational and communication range and allows for remote reconfiguration. The SDR receives, demodulates, and retransmits short duration messages, from sources including tagged marine organisms, autonomous vehicles, subsurface floats, and buoys. The future DAC will collect, store, process, and analyze acquired data, taking advantage of its ability to disseminate data across the stakeholders and the scientific network. Correlation of animal-borne Argos platform locations and oceanographic data will advance fisheries management, ecosystem-based management, monitoring of marine protected areas, and bio-oceanographic research in the face of a rapidly changing environment. For example, correlation of oceanographic data collected by the HSI, geolocated with supplementary images from the RGB camera and fish locations, will provide researchers with near real-time estimates of essential oceanographic variables within areas selected by species of interest., Comment: 13 pages, 16 figures, Manuscript presented at the 73rd International Astronautical Congress, IAC 2022, Paris, France, 18 - 22 September 2022

This study analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and causes of deaths after SAH in patients admitted to a referral hospital in southern Brazil. A hospital database was used, comprising the years 2006-2018, composed of 148 patients. Cross-tabulations and Logistic Regression were performed to determine the odds of death of epidemiological characteristics. Ruptured aneurysms had a higher incidence in women, aged between 41 and 60 years. Headache is the predominant symptom in 95% patients. Hypertension (61%) and smoking (47%) are the prevalent risk factors. The age group with the highest frequency of deaths is 71 to 80 years old. The causes of death are: external ventricular shunt (34%), ischemic injury (9%), bleeding (7%), cerebral edema (8%), sepsis (28%) and pneumonia (24.3%). Knowing the risk factors and complications involved provide important insights that help in understanding their genesis, treatment and prevention.

Fig production and quality are associated with the number of branches per plant and may vary among regions according to the climatic conditions and crop management. In this work, we studied the influence of the number of branches per plant on the production and fruit quality of 'Roxo de Valinhos' figs under semiarid conditions. The experiment was carried out at the didactic orchard of Federal Rural University of Semiarid (UFERSA), Mossoró city, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. Fig plants were grown with 6, 12, 18, or 30 branches in a completely randomized block design with four replicates and four plants per plot. Plants without thinning were also cultivated as controls. The number of fruits per plant, productivity, fruit length, fruit diameter, and fruit weight were evaluated. Additionally, fruit firmness, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content (SS), maturation index (SSC/TA), and vitamin C content were analyzed. The results showed that plants cultivated with 12, 18, and 24 branches produced fruits with higher weight, more fruits per branch, and more fruits per plant and thus were more productive. Additionally, fruits showed a high vitamin C content and maturation index.

(EN) An artificial eye for eye tracking calibration of an eye-tracker, comprising: an eye model comprising a foveal region; an optical position sensor arranged at the foveal region for transducing the position of a foveal light spot into a sensor position signal; a two-axis rotational pivoting support upon which the eye model is mounted; a two-axis actuator for rotating the eye model in said pivoting support; a feed-back electronic circuit, connected between the sensor and actuator, arranged to cause rotation of the eye model by said actuator such that the sensor position signal matches a reference position signal. The reference position signal may be adjustable to cause an off-set between the pupillary-axis of the eye model and a visual-axis defined by the reference position signal, in particular the reference position signal being adjustable by configuration of the feed-back electronic circuit. (FR) L'invention concerne un oeil artificiel pour l'étalonnage de suivi de l'oeil d'un oculomètre, comprenant : un modèle d'oeil comprenant une région fovéale ; un capteur de position optique disposé au niveau de la région fovéale pour convertir la position d'un point lumineux fovéal en un signal de position de capteur ; un support pivotant rotatif à deux axes sur lequel est monté le modèle oculaire ; un actionneur à deux axes pour faire tourner le modèle d'oeil dans ledit support pivotant ; un circuit électronique de rétroaction, connecté entre le capteur et l'actionneur, agencé pour provoquer la rotation du modèle d'oeil par ledit actionneur de telle sorte que le signal de position de capteur corresponde à un signal de position de référence. Le signal de position de référence peut être réglé pour provoquer un décalage entre l'axe pupillaire du modèle d'oeil et un axe visuel défini par le signal de position de référence, en particulier le signal de position de référence étant réglable par la configuration du circuit électronique de rétroaction.

Host governments commonly own the oil and gas resources located in their own relevant jurisdiction. However, they usually prefer to outsource the high risks and costs involved in the exploration, development and production phases in the oil and gas industry to third parties. The process of outsourcing (i.e. authorization) exploration, development and production activities to third parties is done via host granting instruments. This paper discusses their rationale and history and provides a critical analysis of the most relevant host granting instruments

In science, there are different problems to be solved. One of them is the evolution of the Universe. This paper discusses a little piece of the cited problem, which is the evolution of the black holes. From nowadays, observations show super-massive black holes with mass about 109M3 are ubiquitous in galaxy centers. However, the origin of this kind of object is not completely understood yet. A possibility rely in the fact the super-massive black holes (SMBH) seeds had their origin in the death of the Population III stars, during the called Dark Cosmological Ages at redshift in the interval z = [10, 20]. In order to verify this hypothesis, the first step is to try to reconstruct the SMBH mass function at high redshift. The next step is to do a comparison between the computed distribution with the reminiscent of the first stars., Pages: 333-342

The pruning allows fruit harvest in different periods, according to the grower decision, being economically viable. The harvest can be scheduled according to the agronomical traits and due to the market price. The experiment was conducted in the didactic orchard of the Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region (UFERSA), from April 2013 to December 2014, in the municipality of Mossoro-RN. It was carried out in a randomized block design, with treatments arranged in a split-plot, which were composed by pruning periods, conducted in April (2013), November (2013) and July (2014). The subplots consisted of pruning intensities (short, medium and long); with four repetitions, where the experimental unit consisted of two plants that was pruned with 8 marked branches. From pruning to harvest, the the following botanical characteristics were evaluated in the marked branches: number of emitted sprouts by branches pruned at the day 15th (NBE); number of established branches by branches pruned at the day 50th (NRE); number of productive branches (NRP); vegetative number (VRN) and the total number of fruits (NFT). The evaluated characteristics presented a significant effect. The long pruning resulted in a higher number of fruits for all evaluated seasons. The best months for pruning was November and July. The guava tree ‘Paluma’ cycle, from pruning to harvest can vary according to the period of pruning, with 132 days in July and 150 days in April.

A probable reason for the scarce levels of N in the soils of the semi-arid regions would be the low levels of organic matter in these soils. In this way, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen and organic fertilization and their interaction on chemical properties of soils cultivated with ‘Isabel Precoce’ vines in the semiarid oh the Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region, in Mossoró, RN. The soil in the area is classified as a Distrofic Red Argisol with sandy texture. The research was carried out in two cycles of grape production. The experiment was accomplish in a randomized blocks design, with six repetitions, in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to 5 doses of nitrogen fertilization (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1), in the absence and presence of organic fertilization 0 and 20 m3 ha-1, bovine manure). Samples of the 0-20 cm layer were collected for the evaluation of macro and micronutrient contents, pH, electric condutivity, organic matter and sum of bases. The N and organic fertilization doses influenced the chemical atributes evaluated. The interaction between nitrogen and organic fertilizer resulted in an increase in nutrient, organic matter and sum of bases content. N doses were responsible for reducing pH levels, resulting in higher amounts of nutrients availability.

The surface electromyography (sEMG) analysis can provide information on muscle fatigue status by estimation of muscle fibre conduction velocity (MFCV), a measure of the travelling speed of motor unit action potentials in muscle tissue. This paper proposes a technique for MFCV estimation using cross-correlation methods and variable bitstream modulation. The technique displays an estimate based on a set of data generated by the gain variation modulation, providing an average estimate of the MFCV. The observed trend of MFCV decrease correlates with the fatigue state of the observed muscle. Finally, the values found were compared with information from the literature, validating the method and showing the advantages of using variable modulation. Resumo: A an´alise da eletromiografia de superf´ıcie (EMGs) pode fornecer informa¸c˜oes sobre o estado de fadiga muscular pela estima¸c˜ao da velocidade de condu¸c˜ao de fibras musculares (VCFM), sendo uma medida da velocidade de deslocamento dos potenciais de a¸c˜ao no tecido muscular. O presente artigo prop˜oe uma t´ecnica para estimativa da VCFM utilizando m´etodos de correla¸c˜ao cruzada e modula¸c˜ao vari´avel de fluxo de bits. A t´ecnica exibe uma estimativa baseada em um conjunto de dados gerados pela varia¸c˜ao do ganho de modula¸c˜ao, fornecendo uma estimativa m´edia da VCFM. A estimativa representa uma diminui¸c˜ao da VCFM correlacionada com o estado de fadiga do m´usculo observado. Por fim, os valores encontrados foram comparados com informa¸c˜oes da literatura, validando o m´etodo e mostrando as vantagens do uso da modula¸c˜ao vari´avel.

A probable reason for the scarce levels of N in the soils of the semi-arid regions would be the low levels of organic matter in these soils. In this way, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen and organic fertilization and their interaction on chemical properties of soils cultivated with ‘Isabel Precoce’ vines in the semiarid oh the Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region, in Mossoró, RN. The soil in the area is classified as a Distrofic Red Argisol with sandy texture. The research was carried out in two cycles of grape production. The experiment was accomplish in a randomized blocks design, with six repetitions, in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to 5 doses of nitrogen fertilization (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1), in the absence and presence of organic fertilization 0 and 20 m3 ha-1, bovine manure). Samples of the 0-20 cm layer were collected for the evaluation of macro and micronutrient contents, pH, electric condutivity, organic matter and sum of bases. The N and organic fertilization doses influenced the chemical atributes evaluated. The interaction between nitrogen and organic fertilizer resulted in an increase in nutrient, organic matter and sum of bases content. N doses were responsible for reducing pH levels, resulting in higher amounts of nutrients availability.

This study investigated the use of eye-tracking glasses to monitor visual behaviour when reading from electronic devices and paper in free-viewing conditions. The Tobii-Pro-Glasses were used to monitor 20 subjects with normal vision during reading tasks. Reading was performed in a smartphone, computer, paper and tablet. Texts from the IReST-test were read in devices in a random order. Participants read one text in each device and then repeated the same task 1 hour later; in total each participant read eight different texts. The sequence for the devices was randomized. We found differences between devices for saccade amplitude, fixation duration, convergence distance and pupil size. Reading speed between computer and tablet was slightly different (8 words-per-minute) and pupil size reduced up to 20% in electronic devices compared to print. Behavioural changes observed whilst reading from different devices may reflect an attempt from readers to optimize performance. The need to maintain visual performance under different visual condition may lead to increased visual symptoms. Eye-tracking glasses could be a valuable tool to investigate visual aspects of digital strain.

In order to evaluate the performance of different organic sources, the composition of the substrate to produce rootstocks of tamarind and nutritional status, an experiment was carried out in the seedling nursery at the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido Mossoró, RN. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, in a 3x4 factorial design with four replications. The first factor consisted of three organic sources (bovine manure, goat manure and commercial organic compound) and the second factor of four ratios of these sources (0, 20, 40 and 60% v v-1) mixed with soil. As a control was used only soil were 12 treatments with 10 plants per plot, totaling 480 plants. Morphological and nutritional characteristics were evaluated. The goat manure source provided the best results for the evaluated morphological characteristics. The proportion of 40% of organic matter, regardless of the organic source added to the substrate, favored the better development of tamarind seedlings.

A obesidade infantil é um tema cada vez mais recorrente nos meios de saúde, pois se sabe que crianças obesas têm chances muito maiores de se tornarem um adulto obeso, assim, doenças relacionadas ao excesso de peso tenderão a aparecer de forma muito mais precoce, causando prejuízo à saúde dos indivíduos. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças do ensino fundamental I das escolas públicas e privadas na cidade de Boa Viagem-CE. Este trabalho consistiu em um estudo epidemiológico, de abordagem quantitativa, do tipo transversal, com crianças na faixa etária entre 6 a 10 anos, de ambos os gêneros. Participaram da pesquisa 305 crianças (159 meninos e 146 meninas) que foram submetidas à avaliação antropométrica de massa corporal e estatura, calculando-se o índice de massa corpórea (IMC), o qual foi analisado por meio do percentil e de tabelas normativas. A comparação entre os sexos e o tipo de escola foi realizada mediante o teste qui-quadrado. Os resultados obtidos através do percentil do IMC mostram que 69,8% das crianças encontram-se no grupo eutrófico, 9,8% estão com sobrepeso, 7,2% com obesidade, 3,3% das crianças apresentam subnutrição e 9,8% risco para a subnutrição. Em conclusão, 17% das crianças estudadas estão acima do peso, sendo necessária a implantação de ações educacionais nutricionais e esportivas tanto por parte da escola quanto pela comunidade a fim de minimizar problemas de saúde na vida adulta. ABSTRACT Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children of elementary school in Boa Viagem-CE cityChildhood obesity is an issue increasingly recurrent in health means, since it is known that obese children have a much greater chance of becoming an obese adult, well, diseases related to being overweight tended to appear much earlier form, causing injury to the health of individuals. The study aims to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children of elementary school of public and private schools in the

É crescente a utilização dos vários métodos no treinamento resistido. Um dos métodos que vem despertando interesse científico é o método das repetições parciais. Neste tipo de treinamento, após atingir a falha voluntária concêntrica, os indivíduos realizam repetições com menor amplitude articular. A pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do presente método no aumento de força e resistência muscular localizada, sendo um estudo clínico randomizado controlado de cegamento duplo, de finalidade comparativa sobre aspectos quantitativos baseados nos resultados de dois testes. A amostra foi composta por 20 indivíduos fisicamente ativos, sorteados em 2 grupos, (A e B) contendo 10 indivíduos cada, que foram submetidos à 4 semanas de treinamento resistido. O grupo B utilizou o método de repetições parciais, enquanto o grupo A utilizou os movimentos com amplitude total sessadas após a falha concêntrica. Os dados foram coletados através de 2 testes, o teste de resistência muscular localizada para membros superiores (flexão de braço) e arremesso de Medicine Ball antes e após as 4 semanas de treinamento, sendo analisados estatisticamente pelo teste T de Student após esse período. Houve diferença significativa para arremesso de Medicine Ball, porém não houve melhora em resistência muscular. Ao final concluiu-se que o método de repetições parciais promoveu melhora no arremesso de Medicine Ball, podendo ser associado à força, mas não em resistência muscular para membros superiores. ABSTRACTThe influence of partial range of motion repetitions, following momentary concentric failure, on increased strength and muscular resistance in physically active individualsThe use of various methods in resistance training is increasing. One of the methods that has aroused scientific interest is the methods of partial range of motion repetitions. In this type of training, after reaching concentric voluntary failure, individuals perform repetitions with less joint amplitude. The aim of the

O judô é uma luta esportiva olímpica que exige do judoca uma elevada demanda energética predominantemente glicolítica, que proporciona adaptações especificas da modalidade. Este estudo avaliou e correlacionou o Índice de Massa Corporal – IMC, o percentual de gordura – % GC, a capacidade motora específica e a força de preensão manual de judocas do gênero masculino em valores absolutos e relativos. Participaram deste estudo 28 judocas do gênero masculino com idade média de 27,9 (±7,5) anos, IMC 26,7 (+3,7) kg/m² e %GC 12,9 (±6,7)%. Para a análise da preensão manual utilizamos o protocolo de Fess (1992), os resultados de preensão manual encontrados em valores absolutos e relativos da mão dominante foram 51,8 (±9,1) kgf e relativo 650 (±0,1) gf/kg, respectivamente. Já os valores absolutos e relativos da mão não dominante foram, respectivamente, 50 (±8,0) kgf e relativo 630 (±0,1) gf/kg. Por fim, o valor médio da capacidade motora específica ficou em torno de 13,3 (±1,5). Concluímos que os judocas deste estudo têm IMC, composição corporal, capacidade motora específica e força de preensão manual compatíveis com os achados de outros estudos da literatura e que as variáveis se correlacionam de diferentes maneiras. ABSTRACT Analysis and correlation between anthropometry, manual holding and motor specific capacity of judokasJudo is an Olympic sports fight that requires judoka a high energy demand predominantly glycolytic, which provides specific adaptations of the modality. This study evaluated and correlated the Body Mass Index (BMI), the percentage of fat -% CG, the specific motor capacity and the manual grip strength of male judokas in absolute and relative values. A total of 28 male judokas with mean age of 27,9 (±7.5) years, BMI 26.7 (±3.7) kg / m² and GC% 12.9 (±6.7)% participated in this study. For the manual gripper analysis we used the Fess protocol (1992), hand grip results found in absolute and relative values of the dominant hand were 51.8 (±9.1) kgf and relative

In response to global climate change and growing industry capabilities, researchers are looking for robust and soft engineered solutions for nearshore ecosystems. A newly developed Multifunctional Artificial Reef is capable of performing several functions within one structure, among which is marine ecosystem restoration and the support for various sensors for structural and environmental monitoring. Combining such functionalities, implementation of passive acoustic shows great potential for biodiversity monitoring and colonization process observation of recently deployed artificial structure. Therefore, by integrating moored hydrophone within the artificial reef system and setting recording mode as well as post processing optimization, peculiar features of local marine habitat behaviour will be researched in order to provide better insight on the contribution of these structures for ecosystems preservation.

Cover crop (CC) residues protect the soil from erosion and their permanence on the surface is largely influenced by their biochemical constituents. We performed a study under controlled conditions to investigate the dynamics of legume and non-legume CC residues decomposition and the transformations of the soil labile organic carbon fractions in the surface layer (0-15 cm). The experiment was carried out on a Typic Argiudoll (clay loam, 27.4 g kg-1 soil organic matter, 14 mg kg-1 extractable phosphorus and 6.5 pH) placed in undisturbed pots (1570 cm3) in a greenhouse under controlled conditions of temperature (25 ± 1 °C). We evaluated three CC species (oat, Avena sativa L.; vetch, Vicia sativa L.; Persian clover, Trifolium resupinatum L.) and a no-CC control (fallow). Shoot residues were applied on the soil surface at 5.4, 5.4 and 2.7 g dry matter (equivalent to 6, 6 and 3 Mg ha-1 for oat, vetch and clover, respectively) and incubated for 362-days (eight sampling times). The water content in the pots was maintained periodically by weight at 60% of soil water-holding capacity. The soil samples were analyzed for particulate organic carbon (POC), and total and soluble carbohydrates (CHt and CHs, respectively). Oat and vetch residues decomposed faster than clover, with the decomposition rate constant (k) values of 1.3, 1.4 and 1.9 year-1, respectively. At the end of the experiment, POC concentration was lower in vetch (1.83 g kg-1) and clover (1.96 g kg-1) than in oat (2.21 g kg-1) and fallow (3.00 g kg-1), indicating a loss of 45-64% from their initial values. Soil CHt was influenced by residue quality, where the periods of greatest residue decay (vetch 21-59 days and oat 93-130 days) corresponded to higher soil CHt. Hence, this organic carbon fraction is sensitive to residue decomposition and can be indicators of changes in soil organic matter over short periods of time., Os resíduos de cobertura (CC) protegem o solo da erosão e a sua permanência na superfície do solo é largamente influenciada pelos seus constituintes bioquímicos. Realizou-se um estudo, em condições controladas, para investigar a dinâmica da decomposição dos resíduos CC provenientes de leguminosas e não leguminosas e as transformações das frações de carbono lábeis na camada superficial do solo (0-15 cm). O ensaio foi realizado em estufa, em condições controladas de temperatura (25 ± 1 °C), num Typic Argiudoll (franco argiloso, com 27,4 g kg-1 de matéria orgânica, 14 mg kg-1 de fósforo extraível e pH 6,5) que foi colocado, sem o perturbar, em vasos (1570 cm3). Avaliaram-se três espécies de CC (aveia, Avena sativa L.; ervilhaca, Vicia sativa L. e trevo-da-Pérsia, Trifolium resupinatum L.) e um controlo sem CC (pousio). Na superfície do solo aplicaram-se 5,4; 5,4 e 2,7 g de matéria seca (equivalente a 6; 6 e Mg ha-1 de aveia, ervilhaca e trevo-da-Pérsia, respetivamente) e incubaram-se durante 362 dias (oito datas de amostragem). Nos vasos, o conteúdo em água no solo foi mantido a 60% da sua capacidade de retenção de água. Nas amostras de solo foram analisados o carbono orgânico particulado (POC) e os hidratos de carbono totais e solúveis (CHt e CHs, respetivamente). Os resíduos de aveia e ervilhaca decompõem-se mais rapidamente do que os de trevo-da-Pérsia, com valores de taxa de decomposição constante (k) de 1,3; 1,4 e 1,9 ano-1, respetivamente. No final do ensaio, a concentração de POC era mais baixa nos solos com ervilhaca (1,83 g kg-1) e trevo-da-Pérsia (1,96 g kg-1) do que nos solos com aveia (2,21 g kg-1) e em pousio (3,00 g kg-1), indicando uma perda de 45-64% em relação aos valores iniciais. Os valores de CHt no solo foram influenciados pela qualidade dos resíduos, onde os períodos de maior decomposição destes (ervilhaca: 21-59 dias e aveia: 93-130 dias) correspondem às maiores concentrações de CHt no solo. Assim, esta fração de carbono orgânico é sensível à dec, Los cultivos de cobertura (CC) protegen al suelo de la erosión y su permanencia en el tiempo está influenciada en gran medida por su composición química. Se realizó un estudio en condiciones controladas para investigar la dinámica de descomposición de residuos de CC y las transformaciones de las fracciones orgánicas lábiles en la capa superficial del suelo (0-15 cm). El experimento se llevó a cabo en un Typic Argiudoll (franco arcilloso, 27,4 g kg-1 de materia orgánica del suelo, 14 mg kg-1 de fósforo extraíble y 6,5 de pH) colocado sin disturbar en macetas (1570 cm3) en invernadero bajo condiciones controladas de temperatura (25 ± 1 °C). Se evaluaron tres especies de CC (avena, Avena sativa L.; veza, Vicia sativa L. y trébol, Trifolium resupinatum L.) y un control sin CC (barbecho). En la superficie del suelo, se aplicaron 5,4, 5,4 y 2,7 g de materia seca (equivalentes a 6, 6 y 3 Mg ha-1 de avena, veza y trébol, respectivamente) y se incubaron durante 362 días (ocho fechas de muestreo). El contenido de agua en el suelo de las macetas fue mantenido al 60% de la capacidad de retención de agua. En las muestras de suelo se determinó carbono orgánico particulado (POC), y carbohidratos totales y solubles (CHt y CHs, respectivamente). Los residuos de avena y veza se degradaron más rápidamente que el trébol, con tasas de descomposición (k) de 1,3, 1,4 y 1,9 años-1, respectivamente. Al final del experimento, la concentración de POC fue menor en el suelo con veza (1,83 g kg-1) y trébol (1,96 g kg-1) que con avena (2,21 g kg-1) y barbecho (3,00 g kg-1), lo que indica una pérdida de 45-64% de sus niveles iniciales. Los CHt fueron influenciados por la calidad de los residuos, donde los períodos de mayor descomposición de residuos (veza 21-59 días y avena 93-130 días) coinciden con los mayores contenidos de CHt en el suelo. Por lo tanto, esta fracción de carbono orgánico es sensible a la descomposición de residuos y puede ser indicadores de cambios en la materia orgánica del sue

This article presents a design of the logistic map by means of FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Ar-ray) under fixed-point standard and 32-bits of precision. The design was carried out with Altera Quartus platform. The hardware description language VHDL-93 has been adopted and the results were simulated by means of Altera ModelSim package. The main of the project was to produce a cha-otic system with a low energy and time cost. Using the VHDL, it was possible to use only 1439 logical gates from 114480 available. The Lyapunov exponent has been calculated with good agreement with literature reference, which shows the effectiveness the proposed method., Comment: XIII Simposio Brasileiro de Automacao Inteligente - SBAI2017 - Porto Alegre - Brazil. In Portuguese

As adições minerais pozolânicas estão presentes em grande parte dos cimentos utilizados na produção de concreto estrutural. A seleção de pozolana requer caracterização prévia de seu potencial reativo, o que é realizado, diretamente, por meio do ensaio Chapelle modificado ou, indiretamente, por meio do ensaio de resistência à compressão de argamassa com cimento Portland ou cal hidratada. O objetivo deste trabalho é quantificar o IAP com cal da cinza de casca de arroz, metacaulim e sílica ativa, além da utilização de fíler calcário e quartzoso como materiais inertes de referência. A difração de raios X (DRX) de pastas idênticas às utilizadas nas argamassas preconizadas pelas normas permite analisar o consumo de portlandita, um indicativo imprescindível da atividade pozolânica. A análise conjunta do IAP com cal e a DRX visa investigar o consumo de hidróxido de cálcio nas misturas preconizadas pelo procedimento normalizado, possibilitando de analisar criticamente sua adequação. Os resultados indicam que o procedimento da NBR 5751 não é adequado para avaliar o potencial reativo de superpozolanas, já que houve o consumo total da cal, inviabilizando a avaliação comparativa baseada no resultado de resistência à compressão.

Water deficit after training in judo athletes submitted to different training intensities with and without hydrationThe electrolytic balance is an important condition in the maintenance of homeostasis during exercise; however in practice of judo is not commonly occurs regular breaks during practice to occur rehydration. Therefore, in this study, we proposed to check the water deficit (DH) after training in judo underwent three training intensities with and without hydration during training and further analyze the effectiveness of a specific rehydration. The study included 14 athletes with a mean of 22.8 (+4.58) years. Initially, it was conducted a physical examination and a test of specific capacity of modality for athletes to group together according to the physical and technical capabilities. Then the application of training protocols was done. The athletes had a BMI of 2.9 (+2.64) kg/m² a fat percentage of 14.5% (+6.92) and a HRmax of 198.2 (+3.29) BPM. The mean values of DH post workout without rehydration, were 1,1L/h; 1.2 L/h and 1.6 L/h, the intensities, moderate and high, respectively. The values of DH medium with rehydration were proposed: 0.4 L/h; 0.3 L/h and 0.4 L/h and also the respective intensities. Significant difference when comparing the DH in both situations (p<0.05). In conclusion, the protocol used proven effective rehydration, since the athletes had a water loss after less than 1% practice., O equilíbrio hidroeletrolítico é uma condição importante na manutenção da homeostasia durante o exercício físico, entretanto nos treinos de judô não é comum ocorrerem pausas regulares durante os treinos para que ocorra a reidratação. Assim, propusemos verificar o déficit hídrico (DH) pós-treino em judocas submetidos a três intensidades de treinamento com e sem hidratação durante os treinos e ainda analisamos a eficácia de uma reidratação específica. Participaram do estudo 14 atletas com média de 22,8 (+4,58) anos. Inicialmente, realizamos uma avaliação física e um teste de capacidade específico da modalidade para agruparmos os atletas conforme as capacidades físicas e técnicas. Em seguida, ocorreu a aplicação dos protocolos de treinamento. Os atletas apresentaram um IMC de 24,9 (+2,64) kg/m², um percentual de gordura de 14,5% (+6,92) e uma FCmáx de 198,2 (+3,29) BPM. Os valores médios de DH pós-treino, sem reidratação, foram: 1,1 L/h; 1,2 L/h e 1,6 L/h, nas intensidades leve, moderada e alta, respectivamente. Já os valores médios de DH com a reidratação proposta foram: 0,4 L/h; 0,3 L/h e 0,4 L/h, também nas respectivas intensidades. Houve diferença significativa na comparação do DH nas duas situações (p<0,05). Em conclusão, o protocolo de reidratação utilizado comprovou sua eficácia, uma vez que os atletas tiveram uma perda hídrica pós-treino inferior a 1%.

Motion is a fundamental cue for scene analysis and human activity understan- ding in videos. It can be encoded in trajectories for tracking objects and for action recognition, or in form of flow to address behaviour analysis in crowded scenes. Each approach can only be applied on limited scenarios. We propose a motion-based system that represents the spatial and temporal features of the flow in terms of long-range trajectories. The novelty resides on the system formulation, its generic approach to handle scene variability and motion variations, motion integration from local and global representations, and the resulting long-range trajectories that overcome trajectory-based approach problems. We report the results and conclusions that state its pertinence on different scenarios, comparing and correlating the extracted trajectories of individual pedestrians, manually annotated. We also propose an evaluation framework and stress the diverse system characteristics that can be used for human activity tasks, namely on motion segmentation.

Tendo em vista os apontamentos dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais - PCN (Brasil, 1997) sobre a importância do Tratamento da Informação na sociedade atual, e os objetivos apresentados com relação à construção de procedimentos para coletar, organizar, comunicar e interpretar dados, utilizando gráficos (representação que aparece frequentemente em nosso dia-a-dia), propusemos a sequência de atividades “Comemorando aniversários e construindo um gráfico” aos 31 alunos de um 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental (alunos de 9 anos), da cidade de Atibaia (Estado de São Paulo - Brasil). O trabalho desenvolvido com os alunos pode ser descrito como obedecendo as fases da investigação: problematização, planejamento e execução da pesquisa, detalhamento da escolha do tema, coleta de dados, construção de um gráfico de colunas, interpretação dos resultados encontrados e produção de texto, utilizando o gênero carta, a partir da atividade, buscando caminhar para a literacia estatística. Acreditamos que pudemos propiciar, atendendo aos limites da idade e ano escolar dos alunos envolvidos, momentos para que pudessem interpretar e explicar o comportamento dos dados estatísticos, num contexto de sala de aula, buscando o significado dessa informação e a oportunidade de comunicar os resultados a outra pessoa, evidenciando, desta forma, sua importância em função de seu uso atual, buscando instrumentalizar os alunos para exercerem sua cidadania no mundo que nos cerca.

The cracking mechanisms assume a key role in the composite behavior of Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites (SHCCs). Due to their importance, in previous studies the mechanical behavior of SHCC materials, as well as of other strain softening fiber reinforced cementitious composites, was characterized under eccentric tensile loading using the Compact Tension Test (CTT). The present research further extends this investigation, with particular emphasis on cementitious composites reinforced with multiple types of fibers. The experimental tensile load-displacement results are discussed and compared to the numerically derived responses. Furthermore, the crack initiation and propagation at the early stages of the loading sequence are analyzed. The size of the specimens and the resolution of the digital images acquired allow the detection of relatively small displacements and crack openings. The results are discussed, with special emphasis on the topology of the cracks obtained near the crack tip and on the description of the fracture process zone.

In this work, we present a short review about the high level design methodology (HLDM), that is based on the use of very high level (VHL) programing language as main, and the use of the intermediate level (IL) language only for the critical processing time. The languages used are Python (VHL) and FORTRAN (IL). Moreover, this methodology, making use of the oriented object programing (OOP), permits to produce a readable, portable and reusable code. Also is presented the concept of computational framework, that naturally appears from the OOP paradigm. As an example, we present the framework called PYGRAWC (Python framework for Gravitational Waves from Cosmological origin). Even more, we show that the use of HLDM with Python and FORTRAN produces a powerful tool for solving astrophysical problems., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures

In this work is presented the software OGCOSMO. This program was written using high level design methodology (HLDM), that is based on the use of very high level (VHL) programing language as main, and the use of the intermediate level (IL) language only for the critical processing time. The languages used are PYTHON (VHL) and FORTRAN (IL). The core of OGCOSMO is a package called OGC{\_}lib. This package contains a group of modules for the study of cosmological and astrophysical processes, such as: comoving distance, relation between redshift and time, cosmic star formation rate, number density of dark matter haloes and mass function of supermassive black holes (SMBHs). The software is under development and some new features will be implemented for the research of stochastic background of gravitational waves (GWs) generated by: stellar collapse to form black holes, binary systems of SMBHs. Even more, we show that the use of HLDM with PYTHON and FORTRAN is a powerful tool for producing astrophysical softwares., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures

The pitombeira (Talisia esculenta Radlk) is explored through the extraction or in orchards without using technology. Needing thus information related to major agronomic techniques to be employed in its commercial cultivation, especially in the production of seedlings. In this sense, objective of this study was to determine the best dose and source of phosphorus to produce rootstocks pitombeira. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse seedling production, the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid (UFERSA), from August 2009 to July 2010. We tested two sources of phosphorus, superphosphate and ammonium phosphate, and five doses (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg m-3 substrate) doses of phosphorus were incorporated into the substrate fifteen days prior to filling of the bags. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 2 (phosphorus sources) x 5 (phosphorus levels), with ten treatments, four replications and ten plants per plot. Were evaluated: number of leaves, stem diameter (mm), plant height (cm), root length (cm), shoot dry matter (g / plant), root dry matter (g / plant), raw total dry matter (g / plant) and dry matter weight of shoot and root dry matter. Phosphorus fertilization until the dosage 10 kg m-3, promoted an increase in the production of rootstock pitombeira, regardless of the sources., A pitombeira (Talisia esculenta Radlk) é explorada através do extrativismo ou em pomares domésticos sem utilização de tecnologia. Necessitando assim, de informações relacionadas às principais técnicas agronômicas a serem empregadas no seu cultivo comercial, notadamente na produção de mudas. Nesse sentido, objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a melhor fonte e dose de fósforo para a produção de porta-enxertos de pitombeira. O experimento foi conduzido em viveiro de produção de mudas, da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), no período de agosto de 2009 a julho de 2010. Foram testadas duas fontes de fósforo, superfosfato simples e fosfato monoamônico, e cinco doses (0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10,0 kg m-3 de substrato) as doses de fósforo foram incorporadas ao substrato quinze dias antes do enchimento dos saquinhos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 (fontes de fósforo) x 5 (doses de fósforo), com dez tratamentos, 4 repetições e dez plantas por parcela. Foram avaliados: número de folhas, diâmetro do colo (mm), altura da planta (cm), comprimento da raiz (cm), matéria seca da parte aérea (g/muda), matéria seca da raiz (g/muda), matéria seca total (g/muda) e relação matéria seca da parte aérea e matéria seca da raiz. A adubação fosfatada, até a dosagem 10 kg m-3 , promoveu um incremento na produção de porta-enxerto de pitombeira, independente da fonte.

The present work had for objective to evaluate the effect of the foundation fertilizers with elementary sulfur in the production and in the quality of papaya tree fruits 'Formosa'. The used plants of the papaya tree beautiful, hybrid "Tainung-01", were produced in trays of extended of 128 cells; being transplanted to the 21 days after the emergency; the transplanted in the flaws, was accomplished to the 7th and 14th days after the transplanted. The spacing was of 4 m between lines and 2 m among plants, tends 1250 holes ha-1 . They were applied doses in foundation of elementary sulfur: 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 kg ha-1 ; being only applied in the cultivation strip (1,6 m of width). The crops were weekly accomplished; the evaluations were accomplished until the end of the crop of the cycle, in other words, 14 months; occasion in that the plants were eliminated by virtue of the high virus incidence in the plants. While, the quality of the fruits was accomplished in the 11th month after the transplanted of the seedlings. Was evaluated: the number of fruits the number of fruits; the production; the productivity; the weight of fruits; the traverse and longitudinal length of the fruit and of the lobe; the firmness; the thickness of the pulp and of the peel; the soluble solids, besides the relationship among some varied. For papaya tree production and of quality fruits 814 kg ha-1 can be applied of elementary sulfur in foundation in the line of cultivation of the papaya tree 'Formosa'., O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da adubação de fundação com enxofre elementar na produção e na qualidade de frutos de mamoeiro „Formosa‟. As plantas utilizadas do mamoeiro formosa, híbrido “Tainung-01”, foram produzida em bandejas de posliestireno estendido de 128 células; sendo transplantadas aos 21 dias apos a emergência; o replantio, foi realizado aos 7o e 14o dias após o transplantio. O espaçamento foi de 4 m entre linhas e 2 m entre plantas, tendo 1250 covas ha-1 . Foram aplicadas doses em fundação de enxofre elementar: 0, 500, 1000 e 2000 kg ha-1 ; sendo aplicado somente na faixa de cultivo (1,6 m de largura). As colheitas foram realizadas semanalmente; as avaliações foram realizadas até o final da colheita do ciclo, ou seja, 14 meses; ocasião em que as plantas foram eliminadas em virtude da alta incidência de viroses. Enquanto, a qualidade dos frutos foi realizada no 11o mês após o transplantio das mudas. Foi avaliado: o número de frutos; a produção; a produtividade; o peso de frutos; o comprimento transversal e longitudinal do fruto e do lóbulo; a firmeza; a espessura da polpa e da casca; os sólidos solúveis, além da relação entre algumas variáveis. Para produção de mamoeiro e de frutos de qualidade pode ser aplicado 814 kg ha-1 de enxofre elementar em fundação na linha de cultivo do mamoeiro „Formosa‟.

The fracture process zone encloses relevant mechanisms which explain the quasi-brittle behavior of cementitious composites. It is an important concept in non-linear fracture mechanics and in the simulation of cracking processes. The use of fibers as reinforcement may alter the crack initiation and propagation processes. A better understanding of the microcracking mechanisms taking place at the level of the fracture process zone is therefore relevant for an optimized design of these materials, as well as for the simulation of their mechanical behavior. In this study, the use of an image analysis procedure to capture the crack initiation and propagation process in concrete and other cementitious composites is described. It utilizes high resolution digital images of the surface of the specimens while undergoing the cracking process to determine the displacement fields. The formed cracks are observed at a relatively small scale, allowing the investigation and analysis of propagating cracks near the crack tip in specimens of concrete and other cementitious composites.

In this Letter, we present a model connecting the cosmic star formation rate (CSFR) to the growth of supermassive black holes. Considering that the evolution of the massive black hole is dominated by accretion (Soltan's argument) and that the accretion process can be described by a probabilistic function directly regulated by the CSFR, we obtain the evolution of the black hole mass density. Then using the quasar luminosity function, we determine both the functional form of the radiative efficiency and the evolution of the quasar duty-cycle as functions of the redshift. We analyze four different CSFRs showing that the quasar duty-cycle, $\delta(z)$, peaks at $z\sim 8.5-11$ and so within the window associated with the reionization of the Universe. In particular, $\delta_{\rm max}\sim 0.09-0.22$ depending on the CSFR. The mean radiative efficiency, $\bar\eta(z)$, peaks at $z\sim 0.1-1.3$ with $\bar\eta_{\rm max}\sim 0.10-0.46$ depending on the specific CSFR used. Our results also show that is not necessary a supercritical Eddington accret, Comment: accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters (5 pages, 6 figures), Some typos fixed; MNRAS Letters 17 Aug 2011

This study aimed to evaluate the use of alternative substrates using the chapter on the production of sunflower seedlings, papaya 'Sunrise solo' in polystyrene trays. The adopted experimental delineamento was it of blocks casualizados with four treatments and five repetitions, being the results submitted to the variance analysis and later submitted to the test Scott-Knott to 5% of probability. The treatments consisted of four (4) substrates (S1 = Plantmax ®, S2 = 50% of chapter sunflower + 50% goat manure, S3 = 25% Chapter sunflower + 75% of goat manure, S4 = 50% Chapter sunflower + 50% Plantmax ®). We made the following assessments: number of leaves, diameter, shoot length, root and seedling dry matter mass of shoot, root and total dry mass ratio of shoot and root system; Dickson quality index. For the production of papaya 'Sunrise solo' vigorous in the nursery, you can use the alternative substrate composed of 25% of chapter sunflower + 75% of goat manure., O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a utilização de substratos alternativos utilizando o capítulo de girassol na produção de mudas de mamoeiro “Sunrise solo” em bandejas de poliestireno. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições, sendo os resultados submetidos à análise de variância e posteriormente submetidos ao teste Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Os tratamentos constaram de 4 (quatro) substratos (S1 = Plantmax® ; S2 = 50% de capítulo de girassol + 50% de esterco caprino; S3 = 25% de capítulo de girassol + 75% de esterco caprino; S4 = 50% de capítulo de girassol + 50% de Plantmax® ). Foram feitas as seguintes avaliações: número de folhas; diâmetro do colo; comprimento da parte aérea, do sistema radicular e da muda; massa seca da parte aérea, do sistema radicular e total; relação entre massa seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular; índice de qualidade de Dickson. Para a produção de mudas de mamoeiro “Sunrise solo” em viveiro, pode ser utilizado o substrato alternativo composto por 25% de capítulo de girassol + 75% de esterco caprino.

In order to test source and dose of nitrogen for the production of rootstocks pitombeira the experiment was conducted in nursery seedling production, covered with screen 50% shade, of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido- UFERSA in from August 2009 to July 2010, and tested two nitrogen sources (urea and ammonium sulfate) and five doses (0, 400, 800, 1,600 and 3,200 mg dm-3 and N) in the substrate, applied in coverage, divided 5 times. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial scheme 2 x 5, where we used two sources and five doses of nitrogen, with ten treatments and four replications and ten plants per plot. Were evaluated: number of leaves, stem diameter (mm), plant height (cm), root length (cm), shoot dry matter (g / changes), root dry matter (g / changes), raw total dry matter (g / changes) and relative dry matter of shoot and root dry matter. Nitrogen fertilization promoted an increase in the production of rootstocks pitombeira, regardless of source. The greatest value of the dry mass of shoots of rootstock pitombeira was 2.1 g-1 rootstock, when applied to 613.6 mg dm-3 nitrogen., Com o objetivo de testar fonte e dose de nitrogênio para a produção de porta-enxertos de pitombeira foi conduzido o experimento em viveiro de produção de mudas, coberto com tela de 50% de sombra, da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA), no período de agosto de 2009 a julho de 2010, sendo testadas duas fontes de nitrogênio (uréia e sulfato de amônio) e cinco doses (0; 400; 800; 1.600 e 3.200 mg dm3 de N) no substrato, aplicadas em cobertura, parceladas em 5 vezes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, onde utilizou-se duas fontes e cinco doses de nitrogênio, com dez tratamentos, 4 repetições e dez plantas por parcela. Foram avaliados: número de folhas, diâmetro do colo (mm), altura da planta (cm), comprimento da raiz (cm), matéria seca da parte aérea (g/muda), matéria seca da raiz (g/muda), matéria seca total (g/muda) e relação matéria seca da parte aérea e matéria seca da raiz. A adubação nitrogenada promoveu um incremento na produção de porta- enxertos de pitombeira, independente da fonte. O maior valor da massa seca da parte aérea de porta-enxertos de pitombeira foi de 2,1 g porta-enxertos-1 , quando aplicou-se 613,6 mg dm-3 de nitrogênio.

The hierarchical scenario of structure formation describes how objects like galaxies and galaxy clusters are formed by mergers of small objects. In this scenario, mergers of galaxies can lead to the formation of massive black hole (MBH) binary systems. On the other hand, the merger of two MBH could produce a gravitational wave signal detectable, in principle, by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). In the present work, we use the Press-Schechter formalism, and its extension, to describe the merger rate of haloes which contain massive black holes. Here, we do not study the gravitational wave emission of these systems. However, we present an initial study to determine the number of systems formed via mergers that could permit, in a future extension of this work, the calculation of the signature in gravitational waves of these systems., Comment: to match the published version in International Journal of Modern Physics D

In this work, we consider the stochastic background of gravitational waves (SBGWs) produced by pre-galactic stars, which form black holes in scenarios of structure formation. The calculation is performed in the framework of hierarchical structure formation using a Press-Schechter-like formalism. Our model reproduces the observed star formation rate at redshifts z < 6.5. The signal predicted in this work is below the sensitivity of the first generation of detectors but could be detectable by the next generation of ground-based interferometers. Specifically, correlating two coincident advanced LIGO detectors (LIGO III interferometers), the expected signal-to-noise-ratio (S/N) could be as high as 90 (10) for stars forming at redshift z ~ 20 with a Salpeter initial mass function with slope x=0.35 (1.35), and if the efficiency of generation of gravitational waves is close to the maximum value ~ 7 x 10^{-4}. However, the sensitivity of the future third generation of detectors as, for example, the European antenna EGO could be high enough to produce (S/N)}>3 same with efficiency ~ 2 x 10^{-5}. We also discuss what astrophysical information could be derived from a positive (or even negative) detection of the SBGWs investigated here., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (11 pages, 8 figures)