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Authorship contribution statement: Palmeira Josman D.: Writing – review & editing, Methodology. Figueiredo Ana M.: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft, Visualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization. Gonzalez-Barrio ´ David: Writing – review & editing, Validation, Data curation. Santín Monica: ´ Writing – review & editing, Validation, Supervision, Resources, Project administration, Methodology, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization. Calero-Bernal Rafael: Writing – review & editing, Validation, Data curation. Koster ¨ Pamela C.: Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation. Carmena David: Writing – review & editing, Validation, Supervision, Resources, Project administration, Methodology, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization. Dashti Alejandro: Writing – review & editing, Methodology, Investigation, Data curation. Maloney Jenny: Writing – review & editing, Validation, Resources, Methodology, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Data curation. Torres Rita T.: Writing – review & editing, Validation, Supervision, Resources, Project administration, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Data curation, Conceptualization. Fonseca Carlos: Writing – review & editing, Supervision, Funding acquisition. Mysterud Atle: Writing – review & editing, Supervision. Carvalho Joao: ˜ Writing – review & editing, Methodology. Hipolito ´ Dario: ´ Writing – review & editing, Methodology. Rossa Mariana: Writing – review & editing, Methodology., Blastocystis is a ubiquitous intestinal protist in humans and animals worldwide. The traditional livestock free-roaming raising system in rural communities increases the risk of infection with contact with a wider range of pathogens transmitted via the faecal-oral route associated with that wildlife-livestock-human interface. However, no studies have been conducted to determine the occurrence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis in livestock in Portugal. Here, we collected 180 faecal samples from herbivore livestock (cattle, goats, horses, and sheep) in different regions of the country to investigate Blastocystis prevalence and subtype diversity using PCR and next-generation amplicon sequencing. Blastocystis was present in 40.6% (73/180; 95% CI: 33.31–48.11) of the samples (goats, 81.0%; sheep, 60.9%; cattle, 32.2%). None of the horse samples were Blastocystis-positive. Eighteen subtypes were detected (ST1-ST3, ST5-ST7, ST10, ST13, ST14, ST21, ST23-ST26, ST30, ST42-ST44). Mixed infections were detected in 97.3% of the Blastocystis-positive samples. Potentially zoonotic subtypes were identified in 75.0%, 96.4%, and 100% of the Blastocystis-positive specimens collected from cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively. These results demonstrate that cattle, sheep, and goats harbour a high diversity of Blastocystis subtypes in the study regions. Importantly, our data provide novel molecular evidence strongly suggesting that some Blastocystis STs/ST subgroups may have differential host specificity., Depto. de Sanidad Animal, Fac. de Veterinaria, TRUE, pub

Stainless steels manufactured via wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) often exhibit heterogeneous and strongly textured microstructures, usually entailing an anisotropic mechanical response. These microstructures are induced by the processing conditions, such as specific printing strategies. The influence of three different printing strategies on the microstructure and mechanical properties of thick-walled stainless steel parts is investigated in this work. The three strategies considered are layer-wise unidirectional, layer-wise weaving, and bidirectional zig-zag scanning paths. The microstructure of the samples is characterized at different scales using optical microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction. The mechanical behavior is studied by uniaxial tensile tests, assisted with digital image correlation, on specimens extracted at different orientations. In addition, a mean-field crystal plasticity model is used to study the macroscopic yield strength anisotropy. The results reveal different microstructures, especially crystal orientations and grain size, resulting in distinct orientation-dependent mechanical properties and plastic deformation behavior. The layer-wise unidirectional and weaving strategies exhibit a significant plastic anisotropy, especially regarding ductility. In contrast, the bidirectional zig-zag strategy shows a comparatively homogeneous microstructure and more isotropic mechanical behavior than the other two printing strategies. Additionally, the predictions from a mean-field crystal plasticity model reveal the three-dimensional anisotropic yield strength trends, showing a correlation between the < 111 > crystal directions and the strongest yield response for all samples.

GPT-3 is a neuronal language model that performs tasks such as classification, question-answering and text summarization. Although chatbots like BlenderBot-3 work well in a conversational sense, and GPT-3 can assist experts in evaluating questions, they are quantifiably worse than real teachers in several pedagogical dimensions. We present the first systematic literature review that analyzes the main contributions and uses of GPT-3 in the field of education. The protocols suggested in the PRISMA 2020 statement were followed for the drafting of the review. According to the results, 34 significant productions were identified through a systematic search in ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS and Google Scholar. GPT-3 has been considered in the academic, ethical and medical fields, in humanities and in computer science, in the formulation of questions and answers, and through cooperative educational dialogs. GPT-3 has been proven to have valuable applications in education, such as the automation of routine tasks, in making quick diagnoses of the students’ weaknesses and in the automatic generation of questions, but it still faces challenges and limitations that require additional investigation. We discuss the educational possibilities and the limitations to the use of GPT-3.

Purpose: This study explores how children and adolescents perceive physical activity (PA) and PA apps. We aim to understand their perceptions, past experiences, and expectations of PA and PA apps. Methods: Participants (N=39) aged 11-15 from five European countries: Netherlands (NL), Poland (PL), Portugal (PT), Spain (ES), and Sweden (SWE) participated in the study. They provided insight regarding Behaviour Chance Techniques (BCTs) that enhance app engagement. Results: The results offer valuable insights for creating fun and engaging adolescent PA apps that meet diverse user preferences. They also provide invaluable guidance for designing PA apps that boost adolescents' enjoyment, fun, and engagement while considering a broad spectrum of user preferences. Key BCTs identified as significantly impacting app engagement included self-monitoring, rewards, feedback, social support, action planning, and reminders - preferences and suggestions varied by gender, age, and PA levels. Conclusions: Findings in the present study inform the MOVE4FUN project that contributes to understanding how BCTs promote sustained PA in adolescents. It underscores the pivotal role of personalised app design and a supportive climate in fulfilling individual needs and intrinsic goals. These insights contribute significantly to developing educational tools that encourage regular PA and nurture the holistic development of physically educated citizens., Propósito: Este estudio explora cómo los niños y adolescentes perciben la actividad física (AF) y las aplicaciones de AF. Nuestro objetivo es comprender sus percepciones, experiencias pasadas y expectativas de AF y aplicaciones relacionadas. Métodos: Participaron en el estudio 39 participantes de 11 a 15 años de cinco países europeos: Países Bajos (NL), Polonia (PL), Portugal (PT), España (ES) y Suecia (SWE). Proporcionaron información sobre las Técnicas de Cambio de Comportamiento (TCC) que mejoran la participación en las aplicaciones. Resultados: Los resultados ofrecen información valiosa para la creación de aplicaciones de AF divertidas y atractivas para adolescentes, que satisfacen diversas preferencias de usuario. También brindan orientación invaluable para diseñar aplicaciones de AF que aumenten el disfrute, la diversión y la participación de los adolescentes, teniendo en cuenta un amplio espectro de preferencias de usuario. Las TCC identificadas como impactantes en la participación en las aplicaciones incluyeron el autocontrol, las recompensas, la retroalimentación, el apoyo social, la planificación de acciones y los recordatorios; las preferencias y sugerencias variaron según el género, la edad y los niveles de AF. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos en este estudio informan al proyecto MOVE4FUN, que contribuye a comprender cómo las TCC promueven la AF sostenida en adolescentes. Destaca el papel crucial del diseño personalizado de aplicaciones y un clima de apoyo para satisfacer las necesidades individuales y metas intrínsecas. Estos conocimientos contribuyen significativamente al desarrollo de herramientas educativas que fomentan la AF regular y fomentan el desarrollo integral de ciudadanos físicamente educados.

In view of the various possible approaches to investigating urbanism, this study addresses the challenge of speaking through the interweaving of city themes and their dynamics, based on the analysis of urban inequalities experienced in Maceió, focusing on its Special Zones of Social Interest (ZEIS). Thus, in order to analyze and compare, statistically and spatially, the structural and socioeconomic conditions of Alagoas’ capital, we adopted the Adapted Urban Well-Being Index as a method of observing this reality, using the Census of 2010 as a data source. The findings made it possible to identify the levels of urban well-being in the sectors of Maceió, supporting the discussion about the formulation of public policies aimed at mitigating the inequalities noted, especially, in their ZEIS.Keywords: Urban Well-Being Index, inequalities, social mapping, Special Zones of Social Interest., Diante das diversas abordagens possíveis de investigação do urbanismo, este estudo se aproxima do desafio de discursar mediante o entrelaçamento das temáticas da cidade e suas dinâmicas, a partir da análise das desigualdades urbanas vivenciadas em Maceió, com foco nas suas Zonas Especiais de Interesse Social (ZEIS). Assim, a fim de analisar e comparar, estatística e espacialmente, as condições estruturais e socioeconômicas da capital alagoana, adotamos o Índice de Bem Estar Urbano adaptado como método de observação dessa realidade, tendo como fonte de dados o Censo de 2010. Os resultados iniciais encontrados permitiram identificar os níveis de bem estar urbano dos setores censitários maceioenses, subsidiando a discussão acerca da formulação de políticas públicas que visem mitigar as desigualdades pontuadas, sobretudo, nas suas ZEIS.Palavras chave: Índice de Bem Estar Urbano, desigualdades, cartografia social, ZEIS., Peer Reviewed

Introduction: Nurse-led programs have a determinant role in the engagement of individuals in the self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as they contribute to improving quality of life. Self-management assisted by social support is vital, especially as it describes the importance of nurses in promoting health for people with T2DM, as this intervention can help reduce the consequences and progression of the disease. Objective: To map programs focused on nurse-led social support for people with T2DM. Materials and Methods: This is a scoping review in line with the methodological guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The search descriptors used were “autocuidado” (self-care), “intervenção liderada por enfermeiro” (nurse-led intervention), and “diabetes mellitus tipo 2” (type 2 diabetes mellitus), with searches in the Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, Capes Theses and Dissertations Catalog, Scopus, JBI Evidence Synthesis, PsycINFO, and the Portuguese Open Access Scientific Repositories databases conducted between February and March 2022. The eligibility criteria were studies published within the last 10 years, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, covering the individual’s experience in programs focused on self-management through nurse-led social support. Results: A total of 12 studies were included, all of which were published in the United States, England, and Iran, focusing on social support for self-management in people with T2DM, and centered on care facilities for people with chronic diseases. It was found that most nurse-led programs have been implemented in developed countries and that their main characteristic is their emphasis on social cognitive theory. The population was characterized by being mostly women, aged over 22, with a low level of education. Conclusions: The study met the proposed objective by demonstrating that, despite the low implementation cost with high social and economic returns, the development of these programs is still scar, Introdução: os programas liderados por enfermeiros desempenham um papel fundamental no engajamento do indivíduo na autogestão do diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), pois impactam na melhoria da qualidade de vida. A autogestão apoiada pelo suporte social torna-se crucial, sobretudo por descrever a importância do enfermeiro na promoção da saúde da pessoa com DM2, tendo em vista que essa intervenção pode contribuir para reduzir as consequências e os agravamentos da doença. Objetivo: mapear os programas com foco no suporte social para pessoas com DM2 liderados por enfermeiros. Materiais e método: revisão de escopo que seguiu as diretrizes metodológicas do Joanna Briggs Institute. Utilizou-se como descritores de busca “autocuidado”, “intervenção liderada por enfermeiro”, “diabetes mellitus tipo 2”, com busca nos bancos de dados Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Capes, Scopus, JBI Evidence Synthesis, PsycINFO e Repositórios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, entre fevereiro e março de 2022. Os critérios de elegibilidade foram estudos publicados nos últimos 10 anos, em inglês, espanhol e português, abrangendo a experiência do indivíduo em programas com foco na autogestão por meio do suporte social liderados por enfermeiros. Resultados: 12 estudos incluídos, publicados nos Estados Unidos, na Inglaterra e no Irã, com foco no suporte social de apoio à autogestão de pessoas com DM2 e com concentração em locais de atendimento às pessoas com doenças crônicas. Observou-se que a maioria dos programas liderados por enfermeiros é implementada em países desenvolvidos e apresenta como característica principal ênfase na teoria social cognitiva. O público se caracterizou por ser maioria mulheres, faixa etária de adultos maiores de 22 anos, com baixa escolaridade. Conclusões: o estudo respondeu ao objetivo proposto ao demonstrar que, apesar do baixo custo para a implementação com alta devolutiva social e econômica, ainda é considerado escasso o desen, Introducción: los programas dirigidos por enfermeras desempeñan un papel fundamental a la hora de implicar a las personas en el autocontrol de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), ya que repercuten en la mejora de la calidad de vida. El autocontrol respaldado por el apoyo social es crucial, especialmente porque describe la importancia de los profesionales de enfermería en la promoción de la salud de las personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), dado que esta intervención puede ayudar a reducir las consecuencias y el empeoramiento de la enfermedad. Objetivo: mapear los programas centrados en el apoyo social para personas con DM2 dirigidos por enfermeros. Materiales y método: una revisión de alcance que siguió las directrices metodológicas del Instituto Joanna Briggs. Los descriptores de búsqueda utilizados fueron “autocuidado”, “intervención dirigida por enfermeros”, “diabetes mellitus tipo 2”, con búsqueda en la Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, Catálogo de Tesis y Disertaciones de la Capes [Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento de Personal de Nivel Superior], Scopus, JBI Evidence Synthesis, PsycINFO y Repositorios Científicos de Acceso Abierto de Portugal, entre febrero y marzo de 2022. Los criterios de elegibilidad fueron estudios publicados en los últimos 10 años, en inglés, español y portugués, que cubrieran la experiencia individual de programas dirigidos por profesionales de enfermería centrados en la autogestión a través del apoyo social. Resultados: se incluyeron 12 estudios, publicados en Estados Unidos, Inglaterra e Irán, centrados en el apoyo social para la autogestión de personas con DM2 y en entornos de atención a personas con enfermedades crónicas. Se observó que la mayoría de los programas dirigidos por enfermeros se aplican en países desarrollados y tienen como característica principal el énfasis en la teoría cognitiva social. El público se caracterizó por ser mayoritariamente femenino, mayor de 22 años y con bajo nivel de estudios. Conclusiones: el estu

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a teoria das capacidades, proposta por Martha Nussbaum, dado o aumento das mulheres aprisionadas nos últimos tempos, assim como a violação dos direitos fundamentais nos estabelecimentos prisionais, demonstrada na Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental (ADPF) n° 347, que reconheceu o Estado de Coisas Inconstitucional no sistema prisional brasileiro. Busca-se responder a seguinte pergunta: as mulheres possuem seus direitos violados na execução das sanções penais? A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa e método descritivo e exploratório, destacando-se como pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. No seu percurso de realização, apoiou-se de artigos, livros e legislação acerca do tema, cujos resultados apontam para a importância de haver maior investimento em políticas públicas para as mulheres encarceradas, e que uma experiência vivenciada no estado da Paraíba abarca a teoria de Nussbaum no que se refere ao controle sobre o ambiente, relativa à capacidade de viver em um ambiente que permita o acesso a recursos econômicos, à educação e às oportunidades de emprego.

Purpose: This study explores how children and adolescents perceive physical activity (PA) and PA apps. We aim to understand their perceptions, past experiences, and expectations of PA and PA apps. Methods: Participants (N=39) aged 11-15 from five European countries: Netherlands (NL), Poland (PL), Portugal (PT), Spain (ES), and Sweden (SWE) participated in the study. They provided insight regarding Behaviour Chance Techniques (BCTs) that enhance app engagement. Results: The results offer valuable insights for creating fun and engaging adolescent PA apps that meet diverse user preferences. They also provide invaluable guidance for designing PA apps that boost adolescents' enjoyment, fun, and engagement while considering a broad spectrum of user preferences. Key BCTs identified as significantly impacting app engagement included self-monitoring, rewards, feedback, social support, action planning, and reminders - preferences and suggestions varied by gender, age, and PA levels. Conclusions: Findings in the present study inform the MOVE4FUN project that contributes to understanding how BCTs promote sustained PA in adolescents. It underscores the pivotal role of personalised app design and a supportive climate in fulfilling individual needs and intrinsic goals. These insights contribute significantly to developing educational tools that encourage regular PA and nurture the holistic development of physically educated citizens.

Objective The aim of this study was to compare self-reported total energy intake (TEI) collected using an online multiple-pass 24-h dietary recall tool (Intake24) with total energy expenditure (TEE) estimated from Fitbit Charge 2-improved algorithms in adults from the NoHoW trial (12-mo weight maintenance after free-living weight loss). Methods Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the level of agreement between TEI and TEE at baseline and after 12 mo. The ratio of TEI to TEE was also calculated. Results Data from 1323 participants (71% female) was included in the analysis (mean ± SD: age 45 ± 12 y, body mass index 29.7 ± 5.4 kg/m2, initial weight loss 11.5 ± 6.5 kg). The TEI was lower than TEE on average by 33%, with limits of agreement ranging from –91% to +25%. Men, younger individuals, those with higher body mass index, those with the greater weight loss before enrollment, and those who gained weight during the study underestimated to a greater extent. Conclusions These findings contribute to the ongoing research examining the validity of technology-based dietary assessment tools., Objective: The aim of this study was to compare self-reported total energy intake (TEI) collected using an online multiple-pass 24-h dietary recall tool (Intake24) with total energy expenditure (TEE) estimated from Fitbit Charge 2-improved algorithms in adults from the NoHoW trial (12-mo weight maintenance after free-living weight loss). Methods: Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the level of agreement between TEI and TEE at baseline and after 12 mo. The ratio of TEI to TEE was also calculated. Results: Data from 1323 participants (71% female) was included in the analysis (mean ± SD: age 45 ± 12 y, body mass index 29.7 ± 5.4 kg/m2, initial weight loss 11.5 ± 6.5 kg). The TEI was lower than TEE on average by 33%, with limits of agreement ranging from –91% to +25%. Men, younger individuals, those with higher body mass index, those with the greater weight loss before enrollment, and those who gained weight during the study underestimated to a greater extent. Conclusions: These findings contribute to the ongoing research examining the validity of technology-based dietary assessment tools.

This study proposes an innovation, which is to use a non-circular and bio-inspired forced conduit (a new penstock with a cross section inspired by a tree trunk), to control the effects of hydraulic transients in Brazilian small hydropower plants (SHPs). The aim is to demonstrate that natural structures, adapted to periodic environmental disturbances, are better at hydraulic transient control than traditional conduits. The proposed methodology includes the following steps: (1) problem identification; (2) potential biological model identification; (3) development of alternatives; (4) implementation and testing; and (5) solution selection. This research was conducted at the São Tadeu I SHP, in the city of Santo Antônio de Leverger/MT, Brazil. The following tree biological models from the Brazilian savannah (Cerrado) were used: Handroanthus capitatus and Strychnos pseudoquina. The proposed innovation improves the conduit of the traditional circular section and the relief valve solution of the criteria studied. The reason for this improvement was the reduction of wave speed in the non-circular section (from 1126 to 583 m s−1).

A major challenge in Natural Language Processing is obtaining annotated data for supervised learning. An option is the use of crowdsourcing platforms for data annotation. However, crowdsourcing introduces issues related to the annotator's experience, consistency, and biases. An alternative is to use zero-shot methods, which in turn have limitations compared to their few-shot or fully supervised counterparts. Recent advancements driven by large language models show potential, but struggle to adapt to specialized domains with severely limited data. The most common approaches therefore involve the human itself randomly annotating a set of datapoints to build initial datasets. But randomly sampling data to be annotated is often inefficient as it ignores the characteristics of the data and the specific needs of the model. The situation worsens when working with imbalanced datasets, as random sampling tends to heavily bias towards the majority classes, leading to excessive annotated data. To address these issues, this paper contributes an automatic and informed data selection architecture to build a small dataset for few-shot learning. Our proposal minimizes the quantity and maximizes diversity of data selected for human annotation, while improving model performance., Comment: Accepted at PROPOR 2024 - The 16th International Conference on Computational Processing of Portuguese

Whisper is a multitask and multilingual speech model covering 99 languages. It yields commendable automatic speech recognition (ASR) results in a subset of its covered languages, but the model still underperforms on a non-negligible number of under-represented languages, a problem exacerbated in smaller model versions. In this work, we examine its limitations, demonstrating the presence of speaker-related (gender, age) and model-related (resourcefulness and model size) bias. Despite that, we show that only model-related bias are amplified by quantization, impacting more low-resource languages and smaller models. Searching for a better compression approach, we propose DistilWhisper, an approach that is able to bridge the performance gap in ASR for these languages while retaining the advantages of multitask and multilingual capabilities. Our approach involves two key strategies: lightweight modular ASR fine-tuning of whisper-small using language-specific experts, and knowledge distillation from whisper-large-v2. This dual approach allows us to effectively boost ASR performance while keeping the robustness inherited from the multitask and multilingual pre-training. Results demonstrate that our approach is more effective than standard fine-tuning or LoRA adapters, boosting performance in the targeted languages for both in- and out-of-domain test sets, while introducing only a negligible parameter overhead at inference., Comment: Master Thesis

Durante as últimas décadas vários instrumentos, questionários e escalas, foram desenvolvidos para avaliar a função do paciente com dor no quadril. Esses instrumentos representam um método objetivo de medida da qualidade do tratamento recebido pelo paciente. Neste contexto, o presente artigo, tem como questão norteadora: Quais instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade de vida referente ao quadril estão disponíveis atualmente na literatura? O objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão bibliométrica dos instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade de vida utilizados mundialmente na ortopedia referente ao quadril. Existem instrumentos de avaliação da qualidade de vida genéricos e específicos. Os instrumentos específicos para quadril dividem-se em dois grupos: instrumentos específicos para paciente com e sem doença articular degenerativa. Os principais instrumentos genéricos utilizados são o 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) e o 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12). Para avaliação de pacientes com doença articular degenerativa estão disponíveis os seguintes questionários: (i) Merle D’Aubigné e Postel; (ii) Charnley-Merle D’Aubigne; (iii) Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC); (iv) WOMAC reduzido; (v) Mayo Hip Score; (vi) Oxford Hip Score (OHS); (vii) Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS); (viii) Hip Rating Questionnaire (HRQ); (ix) Lequesne Index of Severity for Osteoarthritis of the Hip (LISOH); (x) Harris Hip Score (HHS); (xi) Forgotten Joint Score (FJS). Para avaliação de pacientes sem doença articular degenerativa pode-se utilizar os seguintes questionários: (i) Harris Hip Score Modificado (HHSM); (ii) Hip Outcome Score (HOS); (iii) Nonarthritic Score Hip (NAHS); (iv) Hip Sports Activity Scale (HSAS). A associação de um instrumento de qualidade de vida genérico a um instrumento específico para quadril é fundamental para a correta avaliação e tomada de decisão referente ao cuidado clínico do paciente, além de favorecer o intercâmbio

Enteric protozoan parasites Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and, to a lesser extent, the ciliate Balantioides coli are responsible for severe human and animal intestinal disorders globally. However, limited information is available on the occurrence and epidemiology of these parasites in domestic, but especially wild species in Portugal. To fill this gap of knowledge, we have investigated G. duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and B. coli occurrence, distribution, genetic diversity, and zoonotic potential by analyzing 756 fecal samples from several wild carnivores (n = 288), wild ungulates (n = 242), and domestic species (n = 226) collected across different areas of mainland Portugal. Overall, infection rates were 16.1% (122/756; 95% CI: 13.59–18.96) for G. duodenalis and 2.7% (20/756; CI: 1.62–4.06) for Cryptosporidium spp., while no ungulate sample analyzed yielded positive results for B. coli. Giardia duodenalis was found across a wide range of hosts and sampling areas, being most prevalent in the Iberian lynx (26.7%), the Iberian wolf (24.0%), and the domestic dog (23.9%). Cryptosporidium spp. was only identified in wild boar (8.4%), red fox (3.4%), Iberian lynx (3.3%), red deer (3.1%), and Iberian wolf (2.5%). Sequence analysis of G. duodenalis determined zoonotic assemblage A (subassemblage AI) in one roe deer sample, canine-specific assemblages C and D in Iberian wolf, red fox, and domestic dog, and ungulate-specific assemblage E in wild boar, sheep, cattle, and horse. Six Cryptosporidium species were identified: C. scrofarum in wild boar, C. canis in the Iberian wolf and red fox, C. ubiquitum in red deer and wild boar, C. felis in the Iberian lynx, and both C. ryanae and C. occultus in red deer. Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. coinfections were observed in 0.7% (5/756) of the samples. This is the first, most comprehensive, and largest molecular-based epidemiology study of its kind carried out in Portugal, covering a wide range of wild and, European Commission, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (Portugal), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Programa Operacional Competitividade e Interna- cionalização (Portugal), Depto. de Sanidad Animal, Fac. de Veterinaria, TRUE, pub

Pseudotyped viruses (PVs) are molecular tools that can be used to study host-virus interactions and to test the neutralizing ability of serum samples, in addition to their better-known use in gene therapy for the delivery of a gene of interest. PVs are replication defective because the viral genome is divided into different plasmids that are not incorporated into the PVs. This safe and versatile system allows the use of PVs in biosafety level 2 laboratories. Here, we present a general methodology to produce lentiviral PVs based on three plasmids as mentioned here: (1) the backbone plasmid carrying the reporter gene needed to monitor the infection; (2) the packaging plasmid carrying the genes for all the structural proteins needed to generate the PVs; (3) the envelope surface glycoprotein expression plasmid that determines virus tropism and mediates viral entry into the host cell. In this work, SARS-CoV-2 Spike is the envelope glycoprotein used for the production of non-replicative SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped lentiviruses. Briefly, packaging cells (HEK293T) were co-transfected with the three different plasmids using standard methods. After 48 h, the supernatant containing the PVs was harvested, filtered, and stored at -80 °C. The infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 PVs was tested by studying the expression of the reporter gene (luciferase) in a target cell line 48 h after infection. The higher the value for relative luminescence units (RLUs), the higher the infection/transduction rate. Furthermore, the infectious PVs were added to the serially diluted serum samples to study the neutralization process of pseudoviruses' entry into target cells, measured as the reduction in RLU intensity: lower values corresponding to high neutralizing activity.

The importance of the fitness sector in providing opportunities for exercise promotion is based on qualified, competent professionals responsible for the dynamics of exercise prescription and motivation. Drawing from self-determination theory, this study examined the interplay between perceived job pressures and motivation in fitness professionals. Data was collected from 366 exercise professionals (172 women), using a cross-sectional design. Questionnaires assessing Perceived Job Pressure (organizational; internal and clients) and Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction (BPNS) were completed online. Correlational and regression analysis was used to test the hypothesized model. The results demonstrate no association between professional qualifications and pressure levels in BPNS. However, it is important to highlight that the levels of pressure from above (organizational) were negatively associated with the satisfaction of the total BPNS (autonomy, competence, and positive relationship). More years of experience were associated with lower pressure values and more satisfaction of competence. Regarding gender, pressures, and their relationship in BPNS, men have higher score in BPNS. Organizational pressures were negatively associated with the satisfaction of total BPNS in professionals. Findings have theoretical and applied implications: team leaders must be aware of the negative impact of organizational pressure and its negative associations with needs satisfaction. Developing teams with younger and experienced professionals with adequate recognition and compensation should be sought as an inclusive strategy, conveying security and trust in the future of the fitness sector., La importancia del sector fitness en la provisión de oportunidades para la promoción del ejercicio se basa en profesionales calificados y competentes responsables de la dinámica de prescripción y motivación del ejercicio. A partir de la teoría de la autodeterminación, este estudio examinó la interacción entre las presiones laborales percibidas y la motivación en los profesionales del fitness. Se recopilaron datos de 366 profesionales del ejercicio (172 mujeres), utilizando un diseño transversal. Los cuestionarios que evalúan la Presión Laboral Percibida (organizacional, interna y de los clientes) y la Satisfacción de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas (BPNS) se completaron en línea. Se utilizó análisis correlacional y de regresión para probar el modelo hipotético. Los resultados no demuestran asociación entre las calificaciones profesionales y los niveles de presión en BPNS. Sin embargo, es importante resaltar que los niveles de presión desde arriba (organizacional) se asociaron negativamente con la satisfacción del BPNS (autonomía, competencia y relación positiva). Más años de experiencia se asociaron con valores de presión más bajos y más satisfacción de competencia. En cuanto al género, las presiones y su relación en BPNS, los hombres tienen mayor satisfaccion del BPNS. Las presiones organizacionales se asociaron negativamente con la satisfacción del BPNS en los profesionales. Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones teóricas y aplicadas: los líderes de equipo deben ser conscientes del impacto negativo de la presión organizacional y sus asociaciones negativas con la satisfacción de necesidades. Desarrollar equipos con profesionales más jóvenes y experimentados con un adecuado reconocimiento y compensación debe buscarse como una estrategia integradora, que transmita seguridad y confianza en el futuro del sector del fitness.

Purpose Preventing weight regain can only be achieved by sustained changes in energy balance-related behaviors that are associated with weight, such as diet and physical activity. Changes in motivation and self-regulatory skills can support long-term behavioral changes in the context of weight loss maintenance. We propose that experiencing a supportive climate care is associated with enhanced satisfaction of basic psychological needs, intrinsic goals, and autonomous motivation. These factors are expected to be associate with the utilization of self-regulation skills, leading to more sustained behavior changes and ultimately preventing weight regain. This hypothesis was tested in this ancillary analysis of the NoHoW trial, where the study arms were pooled and followed for 12 months. Methods The NoHoW was a three-center, large-scale weight regain prevention full factorial trial. In this longitudinal study, data were collected in adults who lost > 5% weight in the past year (N = 870, complete data only, 68.7% female, 44.10 ± 11.86 years, 84.47 ± 17.03 kg) during their participation in a 12-month digital behavior change intervention. Weight and validated measures of motivational- and self-regulatory skills-related variables were collected at baseline, six- and 12 months. Change variables were used in Mplus’ path analytical models informed by NoHoW’s logic model. Results The bivariate correlations confirmed key mediators’ potential effect on weight outcomes in the expected causal direction. The primary analysis showed that a quarter of the variance (r2 = 23.5%) of weight regain prevention was achieved via the mechanisms of action predicted in the logic model. Specifically, our results show that supportive climate care is associated with needs satisfaction and intrinsic goal content leading to better weight regain prevention via improvements in self-regulatory skills and exercise-controlled motivation. The secondary analysis showed that mo, Purpose: Preventing weight regain can only be achieved by sustained changes in energy balance-related behaviors that are associated with weight, such as diet and physical activity. Changes in motivation and self-regulatory skills can support long-term behavioral changes in the context of weight loss maintenance. We propose that experiencing a supportive climate care is associated with enhanced satisfaction of basic psychological needs, intrinsic goals, and autonomous motivation. These factors are expected to be associate with the utilization of self-regulation skills, leading to more sustained behavior changes and ultimately preventing weight regain. This hypothesis was tested in this ancillary analysis of the NoHoW trial, where the study arms were pooled and followed for 12 months. Methods: The NoHoW was a three-center, large-scale weight regain prevention full factorial trial. In this longitudinal study, data were collected in adults who lost > 5% weight in the past year (N = 870, complete data only, 68.7% female, 44.10 ± 11.86 years, 84.47 ± 17.03 kg) during their participation in a 12-month digital behavior change intervention. Weight and validated measures of motivational- and self-regulatory skills-related variables were collected at baseline, six- and 12 months. Change variables were used in Mplus’ path analytical models informed by NoHoW’s logic model. Results: The bivariate correlations confirmed key mediators’ potential effect on weight outcomes in the expected causal direction. The primary analysis showed that a quarter of the variance (r2 = 23.5%) of weight regain prevention was achieved via the mechanisms of action predicted in the logic model. Specifically, our results show that supportive climate care is associated with needs satisfaction and intrinsic goal content leading to better weight regain prevention via improvements in self-regulatory skills and exercise-controlled motivation. The secondary analysis showed that more mechanisms of action

Behaviour change interventions for weight management have found varied effect sizes and frequent weight re-gain after weight loss. There is interest in exploring whether differences in eating behaviour can be used to develop tailored weight management programs. This secondary analysis of an 18-month weight maintenance randomised controlled trial (RCT) aimed to investigate the association between individual variability in weight maintenance success and change in eating behaviour traits (EBT). Data was analysed from the NoHoW trial (Scott et al., 2019), which was designed to measure processes of change after weight loss of ≥5% body weight in the previous year. The sample included 1627 participants (mean age = 44.0 years, SD = 11.9, mean body mass index (BMI) = 29.7 kg/m2, SD = 5.4, gender = 68.7% women/31.3% men). Measurements of weight (kg) and 7 EBTs belonging to domains of reflective, reactive, or homeostatic eating were taken at 4 time points up to 18-months. Increases in measures of ‘reactive eating’ (binge eating, p < .001), decreases in ‘reflective eating’ (restraint, p < .001) and changes in ‘homeostatic eating’ (unlimited permission to eat, p < .001 and reliance on hunger and satiety cues, p < .05) were significantly and independently associated with concomitant weight change. Differences in EBT change were observed between participants who lost, maintained, or re-gained weight for all EBTs (p < .001) except for one subscale of intuitive eating (eating for physical reasons, p = .715). Participants who lost weight (n = 322) exhibited lower levels of reactive eating and higher levels of reflective eating than participants who re-gained weight (n = 668). EBT domains can identify individuals who need greater support to progress in weight management interventions. Increasing reflective eating and reducing reactive eating may enhance weight management success., Behaviour change interventions for weight management have found varied effect sizes and frequent weight re-gain after weight loss. There is interest in exploring whether differences in eating behaviour can be used to develop tailored weight management programs. This secondary analysis of an 18-month weight maintenance randomised controlled trial (RCT) aimed to investigate the association between individual variability in weight maintenance success and change in eating behaviour traits (EBT). Data was analysed from the NoHoW trial (Scott et al., 2019), which was designed to measure processes of change after weight loss of ≥5% body weight in the previous year. The sample included 1627 participants (mean age = 44.0 years, SD = 11.9, mean body mass index (BMI) = 29.7 kg/m2, SD = 5.4, gender = 68.7% women/31.3% men). Measurements of weight (kg) and 7 EBTs belonging to domains of reflective, reactive, or homeostatic eating were taken at 4 time points up to 18-months. Increases in measures of ‘reactive eating’ (binge eating, p < .001), decreases in ‘reflective eating’ (restraint, p < .001) and changes in ‘homeostatic eating’ (unlimited permission to eat, p < .001 and reliance on hunger and satiety cues, p < .05) were significantly and independently associated with concomitant weight change. Differences in EBT change were observed between participants who lost, maintained, or re-gained weight for all EBTs (p < .001) except for one subscale of intuitive eating (eating for physical reasons, p = .715). Participants who lost weight (n = 322) exhibited lower levels of reactive eating and higher levels of reflective eating than participants who re-gained weight (n = 668). EBT domains can identify individuals who need greater support to progress in weight management interventions. Increasing reflective eating and reducing reactive eating may enhance weight management success.

Objective In this study, the associations between the substitution of sedentary time with sleep or physical activity at different intensities and subsequent weight-loss maintenance were examined. Methods This prospective study included 1152 adults from the NoHoW trial who had achieved a successful weight loss of ≥5% during the 12 months prior to baseline and had BMI ≥25 kg/m2 before losing weight. Physical activity and sleep were objectively measured during a 14-day period at baseline. Change in body weight was included as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were changes in body fat percentage and waist circumference. Cardiometabolic variables were included as exploratory outcomes. Results Using isotemporal substitution models, no associations were found between activity substitutions and changes in body weight or waist circumference. However, the substitution of sedentary behavior with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with a decrease in body fat percentage during the first 6 months of the trial (−0.33% per 30 minutes higher moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [95% CI: −0.60% to −0.07%], p = 0.013). Conclusions Sedentary behavior had little or no influence on subsequent weight-loss maintenance, but during the early stages of a weight-loss maintenance program, substituting sedentary behavior with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity may prevent a gain in body fat percentage, Objective: In this study, the associations between the substitution of sedentary time with sleep or physical activity at different intensities and subsequent weight-loss maintenance were examined. Methods: This prospective study included 1152 adults from the NoHoW trial who had achieved a successful weight loss of ≥5% during the 12 months prior to baseline and had BMI ≥25 kg/m2 before losing weight. Physical activity and sleep were objectively measured during a 14-day period at baseline. Change in body weight was included as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were changes in body fat percentage and waist circumference. Cardiometabolic variables were included as exploratory outcomes. Results: Using isotemporal substitution models, no associations were found between activity substitutions and changes in body weight or waist circumference. However, the substitution of sedentary behavior with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with a decrease in body fat percentage during the first 6 months of the trial (−0.33% per 30 minutes higher moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [95% CI: −0.60% to −0.07%], p = 0.013). Conclusions: Sedentary behavior had little or no influence on subsequent weight-loss maintenance, but during the early stages of a weight-loss maintenance program, substituting sedentary behavior with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity may prevent a gain in body fat percentage.

ObjectiveWeight regain prevention is a critical public health challenge. Digital behaviour change interventions provide a scalable platform for applying and testing behaviour change theories in this challenging context. This study's goal was to analyse reciprocal effects between psychosocial variables (i.e., needs satisfaction, eating regulation, self-efficacy) and weight over 12 months using data from a large sample of participants engaged in a weight regain prevention trial. MethodsThe NoHoW study is a three-centre, large-scale weight regain prevention trial. Adults who lost >5% of their weight in the past year (N = 1627, 68.7% female, 44.10 +/- 11.86 years, 84.47 +/- 17.03 kg) participated in a 12-month' digital behaviour change-based intervention. Weight and validated measures of basic psychological needs satisfaction, eating regulation and self-efficacy were collected at baseline, six- and 12 months. Correlational, latent growth models and cross-lagged analysis were used to identify potential reciprocal effects. ResultsBaseline higher scores of needs satisfaction and self-efficacy were associated with six- and 12-month' weight loss. Baseline weight was linked to all psychosocial variables at six months, and six-months weight was associated with needs satisfaction and self-efficacy at 12 months. During the 12 months, increases in eating regulation, needs satisfaction and self-efficacy were associated with weight loss over the same period, and reciprocal effects were observed between the variables, suggesting the existence of Weight Management Cycles. ConclusionsWhile further studies are needed, during long-term weight regain prevention, weight decrease, needs satisfaction and self-efficacy may lead to Weight Management Cycles, which, if recurrent, may provide sustained prevention of weight regain.

To date, few digital behavior change interventions for weight loss maintenance focusing on long-term physical activity promotion have used a sound intervention design grounded on a logic model underpinned by behavior change theories. The current study is a secondary analysis of the weight loss maintenance NoHoW trial and investigated putative mediators of device-measured long-term physical activity levels (six to 12 months) in the context of a digital intervention, Background: To date, few digital behavior change interventions for weight loss maintenance focusing on long-term physical activity promotion have used a sound intervention design grounded on a logic model underpinned by behavior change theories. The current study is a secondary analysis of the weight loss maintenance NoHoW trial and investigated putative mediators of device-measured long-term physical activity levels (six to 12 months) in the context of a digital intervention. Methods: A subsample of 766 participants (Age = 46.2 ± 11.4 years; 69.1% female; original NoHoW sample: 1627 participants) completed all questionnaires on motivational and self-regulatory variables and had all device-measured physical activity data available for zero, six and 12 months. We examined the direct and indirect effects of Virtual Care Climate on post intervention changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and number of steps (six to 12 months) through changes in the theory-driven motivational and self-regulatory mechanisms of action during the intervention period (zero to six months), as conceptualized in the logic model. Results: Model 1 tested the mediation processes on Steps and presented a poor fit to the data. Model 2 tested mediation processes on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and presented poor fit to the data. Simplified models were also tested considering the autonomous motivation and the controlled motivation variables independently. These changes yielded good results and both models presented very good fit to the data for both outcome variables. Percentage of explained variance was negligible for all models. No direct or indirect effects were found from Virtual Care Climate to long term change in outcomes. Indirect effects occurred only between the sequential paths of the theory-driven mediators. Conclusion: This was one of the first attempts to test a serial mediation model considering psychological mechanisms of change and device-measured physical acti

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is an emerging group of methods for producing large parts with complex geometries and varying wall thicknesses. These parts usually exhibit anisotropic material behavior due to their intrinsic heterogeneous microstructure. To fully exploit the versatility of WAAM, a rigorous understanding of the relationship between processing conditions, microstructure, and mechanical response of WAAM parts is necessary. To this end, this paper investigates the structure-property relationship for thick-walled austenitic stainless steel WAAM parts experimentally and numerically using a mean-field crystal plasticity model. The major microstructural features are studied using optical microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction. A representative microstructure volume element is obtained with averaged features to study spatial variations in the microstructure across the WAAM part. Uniaxial tensile tests assisted with Digital Image Correlation along the transverse direction, diagonal (45o from the transverse direction), and building direction within the transverse direction-building direction plane are used to study the mechanical properties and associated deformation fields. The resulting heterogeneous microstructure with periodically alternating microstructural features reveals a clear anisotropic material behavior. Furthermore, distinct plastic deformation patterns for different loading directions arise from the spatially varying microstructure. The proposed crystal plasticity model adequately describes the crystallographic texture-induced orientation-dependent yield strength.

The objective of this study was to verify if the urea serum concentrations in prepartum dairy cows influence the mineral metabolism of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca). Twenty-seven multiparous Holstein cows were selected from two properties. Urinary pH measurement was performed, and blood samples were collected 7 days before the expected calving date, and in the immediate postpartum period, blood samples were collected at 24, 48 and 72 hours. In the blood, serum urea, Ca and Mg concentrations were determined. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and correlation and categorized according to the median prepartum urea concentration into high urea group (HUG) and low urea group (LUG). There was positive correlation between prepartum Ca and Mg (r= 0.85; P<0.05), 24 hours postpartum Ca and Mg (r= 0.74; P<0.05) and prepartum Ca and 48 hours Ca (r= 0.62; P<0.05). HUG animals (46.01 mg/dL) showed subclinical hypomagnesemia at 72 hours postpartum (P<0.05). Higher serum urea concentrations in the prepartum, influenced the mineral metabolism of dairy cows in the immediate postpartum, being detected subclinical hypomagnesemia 72 hours after calving., O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se as concentrações séricas de ureia no pré-parto de vacas leiteiras, influenciaram no metabolismo mineral do magnésio (Mg) e do cálcio (Ca). Foram selecionadas 27 vacas multíparas da raça Holandês oriunda de duas propriedades. Foi realizada aferição do pH urinário e coleta sanguínea 7 dias antes da data prevista do parto, e no pós-parto imediato coleta de sangue nas 24, 48 e 72 horas. No sangue foi determinado a concentração sérica de ureia, Ca e Mg. Os dados foram submetidos análise de variância e correlação, sendo categorizados de acordo com a mediana da concentração de ureia pré- parto em grupo de ureia alta (GUA) e grupo de ureia baixa (GUB). Houve correlação positiva entre o Ca e Mg pré-parto (r= 0,85; P<0,05), Ca e Mg 24 horas pós-parto (r= 0,74; P<0,05) e Ca pré-parto e Ca 48 horas (r= 0,62; P<0,05). Os animais do GUA (46,01 mg/dL) apresentaram hipomagnesemia subclínica, nas 72 horas após o parto (P<0,05). Concentrações séricas de ureia maiores no pré-parto, influenciaram no metabolismo mineral da vaca leiteira no pós-parto imediato, sendo detectado hipomagnesima subclínica 72 horas após o parto.

Background: Diabetic older people tend to present deteriorated performance in balance and locomotion activities, even those without peripheral neuropathy. There is evidence that saccadic eye movements are used to reduce body sway in young and older healthy adults, but it has not been shown that diabetic older people preserve this visuomotor adaptation capacity. Research question: Are diabetic older women without peripheral neuropathy capable of improving postural stability during a saccadic gaze task? Methods: Seventeen type 2 diabetic older women (68.2 ± 10.7 years old) and seventeen healthy women, age-matched controls (66.0 ± 8.4 years old) voluntarily participated in the study. All participants were instructed to stand upright, barefoot, as stable as possible, for 30 s. Participants maintained their feet parallel to each other, at standard and narrow bases of support, while either fixating on a stationary target (fixation condition) or performing horizontal saccadic eye movements to follow a target (eccentricity of 11° of visual angle), which continuously disappeared and reappeared immediately on the opposite side (saccade 0.5 Hz and saccade 1.1 Hz conditions). Results: Results indicated that the diabetic group clearly had deteriorated postural control, as shown by increased values of mean sway amplitude and mean sway velocity. However, diabetic and control groups were similarly capable of using saccadic eye movements to improve their postural stability, reducing their sway velocity compared to a gaze fixation condition. Significance: Diabetes per se (without peripheral neuropathy) amplifies postural sway of older women as compared to their healthy age-matched controls. However, diabetic older women without peripheral neuropathy are capable of improving postural stability during a saccadic gaze task.

Background Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a technique widely used for estimating body composition and health-related parameters. The technology is relatively simple, quick, and non-invasive, and is currently used globally in diverse settings, including private clinicians’ offices, sports and health clubs, and hospitals, and across a spectrum of age, body weight, and disease states. BIA parameters can be used to estimate body composition (fat, fat-free mass, total-body water and its compartments). Moreover, raw measurements including resistance, reactance, phase angle, and impedance vector length can also be used to track health-related markers, including hydration and malnutrition, and disease-prognostic, athletic and general health status. Body composition shows profound variability in association with age, sex, race and ethnicity, geographic ancestry, lifestyle, and health status. To advance understanding of this variability, we propose to develop a large and diverse multi-country dataset of BIA raw measures and derived body components. The aim of this paper is to describe the ‘BIA International Database’ project and encourage researchers to join the consortium. Methods The Exercise and Health Laboratory of the Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon has agreed to host the database using an online portal. At present, the database contains 277,922 measures from individuals ranging from 11 months to 102 years, along with additional data on these participants. Conclusion The BIA International Database represents a key resource for research on body composition., Background: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a technique widely used for estimating body composition and health-related parameters. The technology is relatively simple, quick, and non-invasive, and is currently used globally in diverse settings, including private clinicians’ offices, sports and health clubs, and hospitals, and across a spectrum of age, body weight, and disease states. BIA parameters can be used to estimate body composition (fat, fat-free mass, total-body water and its compartments). Moreover, raw measurements including resistance, reactance, phase angle, and impedance vector length can also be used to track health-related markers, including hydration and malnutrition, and disease-prognostic, athletic and general health status. Body composition shows profound variability in association with age, sex, race and ethnicity, geographic ancestry, lifestyle, and health status. To advance understanding of this variability, we propose to develop a large and diverse multi-country dataset of BIA raw measures and derived body components. The aim of this paper is to describe the ‘BIA International Database’ project and encourage researchers to join the consortium. Methods: The Exercise and Health Laboratory of the Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon has agreed to host the database using an online portal. At present, the database contains 277,922 measures from individuals ranging from 11 months to 102 years, along with additional data on these participants. Conclusion: The BIA International Database represents a key resource for research on body composition.

Whisper is a multitask and multilingual speech model covering 99 languages. It yields commendable automatic speech recognition (ASR) results in a subset of its covered languages, but the model still underperforms on a non-negligible number of under-represented languages, a problem exacerbated in smaller model versions. In this work, we propose DistilWhisper, an approach able to bridge the performance gap in ASR for these languages while retaining the advantages of multitask and multilingual capabilities. Our approach involves two key strategies: lightweight modular ASR fine-tuning of whisper-small using language-specific experts, and knowledge distillation from whisper-large-v2. This dual approach allows us to effectively boost ASR performance while keeping the robustness inherited from the multitask and multilingual pre-training. Results demonstrate that our approach is more effective than standard fine-tuning or LoRA adapters, boosting performance in the targeted languages for both in- and out-of-domain test sets, while introducing only a negligible parameter overhead at inference., Comment: Accepted to IEEE ICASSP 2024

Science and Engineering fairs offer K-12 students opportunities to engage with authentic STEM practices. Particularly, students are given the chance to experience authentic and open inquiry processes, by defining which themes, questions and approaches will guide their scientific endeavors. In this study, we analyzed data from over 5,000 projects presented at a nationwide science fair in Brazil over the past 20 years using topic modeling to identify the main topics that have driven students' inquiry and design. Our analysis identified a broad range of topics being explored, with significant variations over time, region, and school setting. We argue those results and proposed methodology can not only support further research in the context of science fairs, but also inform instruction and design of contexts-specific resources to support students in open inquiry experiences in different settings., Comment: Published at International Conference of the Learning Sciences - ICLS 2023

Background: Many weight loss programs show short-term effectiveness, but subsequent weight loss maintenance is difficult to achieve. Digital technologies offer a promising means of delivering behavior change approaches at low costs and on a wide scale. The Navigating to a Healthy Weight (NoHoW) project, which was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, aimed to develop, test, and evaluate a digital toolkit designed to promote successful long-term weight management. The toolkit was tested in an 18-month, large-scale, international, 2×2 factorial (motivation and self-regulation vs emotion regulation) randomized controlled trial that was conducted on adults with overweight or obesity who lost ≥5% of their body weight in the preceding 12 months before enrollment into the intervention. Objective: This paper aims to describe the development of the NoHoW Toolkit, focusing on the logic models, content, and specifications, as well as the results from user testing. Methods: The toolkit was developed by using a systematic approach, which included the development of the theory-based logic models, the selection of behavior change techniques, the translation of these techniques into a web-based app (NoHoW Toolkit components), technical development, and the user evaluation and refinement of the toolkit. Results: The toolkit included a set of web-based tools and inputs from digital tracking devices (smart scales and activity trackers) and modules that targeted weight, physical activity, and dietary behaviors. The final toolkit comprised 34 sessions that were distributed through 15 modules and provided active content over a 4-month period. The motivation and self-regulation arm consisted of 8 modules (17 sessions), the emotion regulation arm was presented with 7 modules (17 sessions), and the combined arm received the full toolkit (15 modules; 34 sessions). The sessions included a range of implementations, such as videos, testimonies, and ques

Objective: To analyze the scientific production on tuberculosis and the humanization of nursingcare. Methods: Bibliometric, descriptive quantitative study, carried out in the Web Of Science databasewith a time frame from January 2010 to July 2021. The laws of lotka and zipf were applied and the analysisoccurred with the aid of vosviewer software. Results: We recovered 309 scientific productions ontuberculosis and the humanization of nursing care, the majority published in 2019, with the predominanceof the English language. According to lotka law among the 1,381 authors who publish on the subject, 276(20%) are responsible for 30.3% of productivity, but only eight have a total strength of co-authorship bond.Through zipf's law, 761 keywords with a predominance of "tuberculosis" and "nursing" were found. TheCountries united states of America (USA) (25%) and Brazil (22%) have the highest number of publicationson the theme addressed here. Conclusion: There is a tendency to increase in publications on tuberculosis,however, little is studied about humanization aimed at the treatment of people who experience thisdisease. More evidence should be produced in this context because the end of tuberculosis depends on theimplementation of what is contained in the global strategy plan, regarding the intensification pillar ofresearch and innovation. Such actions will contribute to the execution of more humanized practices of thecare of the nursing professional, reflecting on the success of the treatment of people suffering fromtuberculosis.

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a class of technologies suitable for producing large parts due to its high material deposition and building rates. Among the many possible materials processed by WAAM, austenitic stainless steels, e.g. 316L, are commonly employed. The structure of WAAM 316L thin parts has been studied extensively before. However, multiwalled or thick WAAM 316L parts remain largely unexplored. Hence, in this study, the microstructure of a thick 316LSi WAAM part is characterised in detail. The microstructure of the part consists of large and highly-oriented columnar grains dominated by epitaxial and competitive growth. The overlapping regions between neighbouring fusion zones contain long grains with a dominant <100> texture, which cross several layers and are aligned with the building direction. The grains' internal microstructure consists of an austenite matrix, ferrite with locally varying dendritic morphologies and dispersed oxide inclusions. The texture spatially varies across the part, and this variation is correlated to the local thermal gradient induced by the building strategy and processing conditions used during the manufacturing of the thick-walled part.

The link between and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) in cancer has gained importance with the emergence of new targeted cancer treatments, while the available data on the role of the gene in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain contradictory. The aim of this case series was to elucidate the role of known pathogenic variants in the development of early-onset CRC. Patients were evaluated using targeted next generation sequencing, exome sequencing and chromosomal microarray analysis of the paired germline and tumor samples. These results were used to calculate the HRD score and the frequency of mutational signatures in the tumors. Three patients with metastatic CRC were heterozygous for a previously known nonsense variant. All tumors showed remarkably high HRD scores, and the HRD-related signature 3 had the second highest contribution to the somatic pattern of variant accumulation in the samples (23% in 1 and 2, and 13% in sample 3). A germline pathogenic variant can be involved in CRC development through HRD. Thus, testing should be considered in young patients with a personal history of microsatellite stable CRC as this could further allow a personalized treatment approach.

The present study aimed to analyze whether, at the Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, institutional student assistance policies, more specifically referring to the University Residence, capable of ensuring, in a scenario marked by diversity, respect for the values ​​of equity and respect for the human person, in the particular case of students with gender and orientation deviant from heterocisnormativity. As a theoretical-methodological option, this research adopted a qualitative approach, with emphasis on literature review and document analysis. For the analysis of the data found, Bardin's Content Analysis (2016) was chosen. As main results, it was inferred that, although there is a work already started in the mentioned educational institution on the subject in question, it is necessary to adopt more specific actions, defined organically within the university, to ensure greater effectiveness. of the rights of this student audience., O presente estudo objetivou analisar se há, na Universidade Federal de Alagoas, CampusA.C. Simões, políticas institucionais de assistência estudantil, mais especificamente referentes à Residência Universitária, capazes de assegurar, diante de um cenáriomarcado pela diversidade, o respeito aos valores da equidade e respeito à pessoa humana, no caso em especial, de estudantes com gênero e orientação sexual divergente da heterocisnormatividade. Como opção teórico-metodológica, esta pesquisa adotou a abordagem de natureza qualitativa,com ênfase na revisão de literatura e na análise documental.Para a análise dos dados encontrados, elegeu-se a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2016). Como resultados principais, inferiu-se que, apesar de existirum trabalho já iniciado na referida instituição de ensino acerca do tema em comento, necessário se faz a adoção de mais ações pontuais, definidas organicamente no seio da universidade, para se garantir a maior efetivação dos direitos destepúblico discente., El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar si, en la Universidad Federal de Alagoas, Campus A.C. Simões, políticas institucionales de atención al estudiante, más específicamente referidas a la Residencia Universitaria, capaces de garantizar, en un escenario marcado por la diversidad, el respeto a los valores de equidad y el respeto a la persona humana, en el caso particular de los estudiantes con orientación desviada de la heterocisnormatividad. Como opción teórico-metodológica, esta investigación adoptó un enfoque cualitativo, con énfasis en la revisión de literatura y análisis de documentos. Para el análisis de los datos encontrados se optó por el Análisis de Contenido de Bardin (2016). Como principales resultados se infirió que, si bien existe un trabajo ya iniciado en la mencionada institución educativa sobre el tema en mención, es necesario adoptar acciones más específicas, definidas orgánicamente al interior de launiversidad, para garantizar una mayor efectividad de los derechos. de este público estudiantil.

Introduction: Changes in behaviors or adoption of unhealthy lifestyles are present with the evolution of age and the modification of educational environments. This review aims to identify the existing scientific evidence around the behavior toward physical activity in leisure time and the evolution of the intention to be physically active during the school transition to university in university students from the Theory of Self-determination, the Theory of Behavior Planned and the Trans-Contextual Model. Method: 472 original articles in SPORTDiscus and manual search, up to June 2019, of which 54 studies met inclusion criteria. Results: The Self-determination Theory was the most widely implemented in the selected studies. The combination of theories has expanded the possibility of analyzing behavior towards physical activity from other constructs. Conclusions: Significant and positive associations between social support, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and self-determined motivation, favor the intention and actual practice of physical activity, if perceived barriers are reduced and gender and context differences are taken into account; School transition processes favor adherence to an active lifestyle, if there are positive experiences perceived in physical education class, extracurricular physical activity and physical activity promoted in the university environment., Introducción: Cambios en las conductas o adopción de estilos de vida poco saludables están presentes con la evolución de la edad y la modificación de entornos educativos. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo identificar la evidencia científica existente en torno al comportamiento hacia la actividad física en tiempo libre y la evolución de la intención de ser físicamente activo durante la transición escolar a la universidad en estudiantes universitarios desde la Teoría de la Autodeterminación, la Teoría de Comportamiento Planeado y el Modelo Trans-Contextual. Método: 472 artículos originales en SPORTDiscus y búsqueda manual, hasta junio del 2019, de los cuales 54 estudios cumplieron criterios de inclusión. La Teoría de la Autodeterminación fue la más implementada en los estudios seleccionados. Resultados: La combinación de teorías ha ampliado la posibilidad de analizar el comportamiento hacia la actividad física desde otros constructos. Conclusiones: Asociaciones significativas y positivas entre el apoyo social, la satisfacción de necesidades psicológicas básicas y la motivación autodeterminada, favorecen la intención y la práctica real de la actividad física, si se aminoran las barreras percibidas y se tiene en cuenta las diferencias de género y de contexto; los procesos de transición escolar favorecen la adherencia hacia un estilo de vida activo, si se cuenta con experiencias positivas percibidas en la clase de educación física, la actividad física extraescolar y la actividad física promovida en el entorno universitario.

La dislexia es un trastorno específico del aprendizaje que se origina en los sistemas cerebrales encargados del procesamiento fonológico, afectando el dominio del lenguaje, la capacidad de simbolizar, leer y escribir. Hasta la fecha, los estudios apuntan a la dislexia como un trastorno crónico, sin embargo, cuando se diagnostica a tiempo, se pueden llevar a cabo intervenciones multidisciplinarias capaces de proporcionar un mejor desarrollo cognitivo e intelectual y, en consecuencia, mejorar la calidad de vida del individuo. Partiendo de este supuesto, la pregunta orientadora de este estudio es: ¿cuál es el papel del docente en el diagnóstico precoz de la dislexia? Por lo tanto, el objetivo fue abordar esta deficiencia y presentar cómo el maestro puede contribuir al reconocimiento y diagnóstico precoz de los niños disléxicos. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS) y SCIELO y en revistas científicas de educación, artículos científicos, libros, entre otros, de los cuales se pudo concluir que, para superar la dislexia en los estudiantes, se requieren acciones que promover el diagnóstico precoz y brindar el apoyo de profesionales calificados. Para ello, los profesionales de la educación deben tener una formación adecuada, así como competencias y habilidades. Además, corresponde al gobierno desarrollar políticas que fomenten y contribuyan al diagnóstico precoz de la dislexia ya la formación continua de los docentes.

La dyslexie est un trouble d’apprentissage spécifique qui trouve son origine dans les systèmes cérébraux responsables du traitement phonologique, affectant le domaine du langage, la capacité à symboliser, la lecture et l’écriture. À ce jour, les études désignent la dyslexie comme un trouble chronique, cependant, lorsqu’elle est diagnostiquée tôt, des interventions multidisciplinaires capables d’offrir un meilleur développement cognitif et intellectuel et, par conséquent, d’améliorer la qualité de vie de l’individu peuvent être réalisées. Partant de ce postulat, la question directrice de cette étude est : quel est le rôle de l’enseignant dans le diagnostic précoce de la dyslexie ? L’objectif était donc de combler cette lacune et de présenter comment l’enseignant peut contribuer à la reconnaissance et au diagnostic précoce des enfants dyslexiques. Pour cela, une recherche bibliographique a été effectuée dans les bases de données du Bibliothèque Virtuelle des Sciences de la Santé (BVS) et du SCIELO et dans des revues d’éducation scientifique, des articles scientifiques, des livres, entre autres, à partir desquels il a été possible de conclure que, pour surmonter la dyslexie chez les étudiants, des actions qui favoriser un diagnostic précoce et assurer l’accompagnement de professionnels qualifiés doit être réalisée. Pour cela, les professionnels de l’éducation doivent avoir une formation adéquate, ainsi que des compétences et des capacités. De plus, il appartient au gouvernement de développer des politiques qui encouragent et contribuent au diagnostic précoce de la dyslexie et à la formation continue des enseignants.

Dyslexia is a specific learning disorder that originates in the brain systems responsible for phonological processing, affecting the domain of language, the ability to symbolize, reading and writing. To date, studies point to dyslexia as a chronic disorder, however, when diagnosed early, multidisciplinary interventions capable of providing better cognitive and intellectual development and, consequently, improving the individual’s quality of life can be carried out. Based on this assumption, the guiding question of this study is: what is the role of the teacher in the early diagnosis of dyslexia? Therefore, the objective was to address this deficiency and present how the teacher can contribute to the recognition and early diagnosis of dyslexic children. For this, a bibliographic research was carried out in the databases of the Virtual Health Library (VHL) and SCIELO and in scientific education journals, scientific articles, books, among others, from which it was possible to conclude that, in order to overcome dyslexia in students, actions that promote early diagnosis and provide the support of qualified professionals must be carried out. For this, education professionals must have adequate training, as well as skills and abilities. Furthermore, it is up to the government to develop policies that encourage and contribute to the early diagnosis of dyslexia and to the continuing education of teachers.

Legasthenie ist eine spezifische Lernstörung, die ihren Ursprung in den Gehirnsystemen hat, die für die phonologische Verarbeitung verantwortlich sind, und die den Bereich der Sprache, die Fähigkeit zu symbolisieren, das Lesen und Schreiben betrifft. Bis heute weisen Studien auf Legasthenie als chronische Störung hin, jedoch können bei frühzeitiger Diagnose multidisziplinäre Interventionen durchgeführt werden, die eine bessere kognitive und intellektuelle Entwicklung ermöglichen und folglich die Lebensqualität des Einzelnen verbessern. Ausgehend von dieser Annahme lautet die Leitfrage dieser Studie: Welche Rolle spielt der Lehrer bei der Früherkennung von Legasthenie? Ziel war es daher, diesen Mangel anzugehen und aufzuzeigen, wie der Lehrer zur Erkennung und Früherkennung legasthenischer Kinder beitragen kann. Dazu wurde eine bibliografische Recherche in den Datenbanken der Virtuelle Medizinische Bibliothek (VMB) und SCIELO sowie in pädagogischen Fachzeitschriften, wissenschaftlichen Artikeln, Büchern u.a. durchgeführt, aus denen geschlossen werden konnte, dass zur Überwindung von Legasthenie bei Schülern Maßnahmen ergriffen werden Förderung der Früherkennung und Bereitstellung der Unterstützung durch qualifiziertes Fachpersonal müssen durchgeführt werden. Dazu müssen Bildungsfachkräfte über eine angemessene Ausbildung sowie Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten verfügen. Darüber hinaus obliegt es der Regierung, Strategien zu entwickeln, die die Früherkennung von Legasthenie und die Weiterbildung von Lehrern fördern und dazu beitragen.

La dislessia è un disturbo specifico dell’apprendimento che ha origine nei sistemi cerebrali responsabili dell’elaborazione fonologica, interessando il dominio del linguaggio, la capacità di simbolizzare, leggere e scrivere. Ad oggi, gli studi indicano la dislessia come un disturbo cronico, tuttavia, una volta diagnosticata precocemente, possono essere effettuati interventi multidisciplinari in grado di fornire un migliore sviluppo cognitivo e intellettuale e, di conseguenza, migliorare la qualità della vita dell’individuo. Sulla base di questo presupposto, la domanda guida di questo studio è: qual è il ruolo dell’insegnante nella diagnosi precoce della dislessia? Pertanto, l’obiettivo era affrontare questa carenza e presentare come l’insegnante può contribuire al riconoscimento e alla diagnosi precoce dei bambini dislessici. Per questo è stata condotta una ricerca bibliografica nelle banche dati del Biblioteca Virtuale della Salute (BVS) e SCIELO e in riviste di educazione scientifica, articoli scientifici, libri, tra gli altri, da cui è stato possibile concludere che, per superare la dislessia negli studenti, azioni che promuovere la diagnosi precoce e fornire il supporto di professionisti qualificati. Per questo, i professionisti dell’istruzione devono avere una formazione adeguata, nonché abilità e abilità. Spetta inoltre al governo sviluppare politiche che incoraggino e contribuiscano alla diagnosi precoce della dislessia e alla formazione continua degli insegnanti.

A dislexia trata-se de um transtorno específico de aprendizagem que se origina nos sistemas cerebrais responsáveis pelo processamento fonológico, afetando o domínio da linguagem, a capacidade de simbolização, a leitura e a escrita. Até o presente momento, os estudos apontam a dislexia como um transtorno crônico, porém, quando diagnosticada precocemente, podem ser realizadas intervenções multidisciplinares capazes de fornecer melhor desenvolvimento cognitivo, intelectual e, consequentemente, melhorar a qualidade de vida do indivíduo. Com base nesse pressuposto, a questão norteadora deste estudo é: qual é o papel do professor no diagnóstico precoce da dislexia? Diante disso, teve-se como objetivo abordar sobre essa deficiência e apresentar como o professor pode contribuir para o reconhecimento e o diagnóstico precoce da criança disléxica. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados da BVS e da SCIELO e em revistas científicas de educação, artigos científicos, livros, entre outros, a partir da qual foi possível concluir que, para a superação da dislexia nos estudantes, deve ser realizadas ações que promovam diagnóstico precoce e proporcionem o suporte de profissionais qualificados. Para isso, os profissionais da educação devem ter uma formação adequada, bem como competências e habilidades. Ademais, cabe ao governo, o desenvolvimento de políticas que incentivem e contribuam para o diagnóstico precoce da dislexia e para a formação contínua dos professores.

The current study aims to contribute to the psychometric validation of the Self Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ), a measure of self-as-context as conceptualized by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between self-as-context, other psychological flexibility processes, and depressive symptoms. The sample (N = 266; 72.6% women) was obtained through paper-pencil and online collection methods in the general Portuguese population. Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analyses, and convergent and divergent analyses were conducted. A mediation analysis of the effects of self-as-distinction and self-as-observer on depression symptoms through openness to experience, behavioral awareness, and valued action (while controlling for brooding) was performed using PROCESS. Items 8, 12 and 15 were removed to achieve the best model fit, which resulted in a 12-item final version of the SEQ. This version appears to be a psychometrically valid two-dimensional measure of self-as-distinction and self-as-observer, as well as a one global measure of self-as-context. Results from mediation analyses suggested that the relationship of self-as-observer and self-as-distinction with depressive symptoms is mediated by the ability to be behaviorally aware and to act according to personal values, but not by the ability to be open to experience. The behaviorally-oriented aspects of psychological flexibility seem to have particular importance on the presentation of depressive symptoms. More studies are nonetheless needed to analyze SEQ's structure and validity in order to attain a consensual version of the questionnaire.

In this paper, we propose a method of extending quasi-overlap and grouping functions defined on a sublattice $ M $ of a bounded lattice $ L $ to this lattice considering a more general version of sublattice definition, introduced by Palmeira and Bedregral., Comment: 3 pages

Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a major hurdle in many clinical scenarios, including liver resection and transplantation. Various studies and countless surgical events have led to the observation of a strong correlation between HIRI induced by liver transplantation and early allograft-dysfunction development. The detrimental impact of HIRI has driven the pursuit of new ways to alleviate its adverse effects. At the core of HIRI lies mitochondrial dysfunction. Various studies, from both animal models and in clinical settings, have clearly shown that mitochondrial function is severely hampered by HIRI and that its preservation or restoration is a key indicator of successful organ recovery. Several strategies have been thus implemented throughout the years, targeting mitochondrial function. This work briefly discusses some the most utilized approaches, ranging from surgical practices to pharmacological interventions and highlights how novel strategies can be investigated and implemented by intricately discussing the way mitochondrial function is affected by HIRI.

Marginal liver grafts, such as steatotic livers and those from cardiac death donors, are highly vulnerable to ischemia–reperfusion injury that occurs in the complex route of the graft from “harvest to revascularization”. Recently, several preservation methods have been developed to preserve liver grafts based on hypothermic static preservation and hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) strategies, either combined or alone. However, their effects on mitochondrial functions and their relevance have not yet been fully investigated, especially if different preservation solutions/effluents are used. Ischemic liver graft damage is caused by oxygen deprivation conditions during cold storage that provoke alterations in mitochondrial integrity and function and energy metabolism breakdown. This review deals with the relevance of mitochondrial machinery in cold static preservation and how the mitochondrial respiration function through the accumulation of succinate at the end of cold ischemia is modulated by different preservation solutions such as IGL-2, HTK, and UW (gold-standard reference). IGL-2 increases mitochondrial integrity and function (ALDH2) when compared to UW and HTK. This mitochondrial protection by IGL-2 also extends to protective HOPE strategies when used as an effluent instead of Belzer MP. The transient oxygenation in HOPE sustains the mitochondrial machinery at basal levels and prevents, in part, the accumulation of energy metabolites such as succinate in contrast to those that occur in cold static preservation conditions. Additionally, several additives for combating oxygen deprivation and graft energy metabolism breakdown during hypothermic static preservation such as oxygen carriers, ozone, AMPK inducers, and mitochondrial UCP2 inhibitors, and whether they are or not to be combined with HOPE, are presented and discussed. Finally, we affirm that IGL-2 solution is suitable for protecting graft mitochondrial machinery and simplifying the complex logistics i

Split liver transplantation was introduced to increase organ availability, but its inherent prolonged cold ischemia raises the risks of ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). For this reason, the split partial liver grafts are considered to be marginal grafts, which also occur for fatty liver grafts. These organs are highly vulnerable to IRI, which can lead to different types of organ failure (such as small-for-size syndrome) after transplantation. Under these conditions, hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) techniques constitute a promising strategy to minimize the deleterious effects of IRI, as shown by Muller et al1 in the context of controlled donation after circulatory death. Besides, all trials using split liver grafts are excluded when applying HOPE. Thus, the communication by Mabrut et al2 is highly relevant for the field.