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Russian state had multinational and polyconfessional character almost from the very beginning of its existence. From the 16th till the end of the 19th century it had to solve a problem of increasing religious diversity. The aim of the article is to find and analyze factors, which influenced relations between the state and religious minorities on the territories of the Russian empire. Over the course of research the following factors were found: the expansion of Russian territory and the inclusion of new peoples from the 16th to the 19th centuries, the relationship between the secular authorities and the official Church, the presence of a hierarchy of more or less harmful religious minorities, shifts that emerged when new monarchs and bureaucrats became occupied with questions of confessional management, and specific local conditions that were sharply distinct in the various parts of the empire. The article discusses duality and contradictions in religious policy of the Russian empire when two trends coexisted simultaneously, namely the trend toward unification of religious life of the country to improve stability, on the other hand, the trend toward religious toleration to decrease tensions and increase the loyalty of religious minorities. The paper also discusses factors influencing the formation of religious toleration towards religious minorities in different regions. The article concludes that, despite all contradictions, the religious policy of the Russian empire was successful. The manifesto of 1905 relieved tensions in relations between the state and religious minorities, and the religious question did not play significant role in the revolution of 1917. © 2018 Saint Petersburg State University. All rights reserved.

Монография посвящена исследованию различных аспектов истории единоверия. Реконструируется процесс становления и развития единоверия в Российской империи. На богатом архивном материале выделяются и описываются региональные вариации единоверия. Рассматриваются взаимоотношения единоверцев со старообрядцами, иерархами официальной церкви и государством. Уделено внимание интеллектуальной истории единоверия, а также полемике между единоверцами и старообрядцами. Для специалистов-историков и всех, кто интересуется историей единоверия и старообрядчества в России.

Рассматривается процесс проникновения капитала уральских купцов-единоверцев на территорию Казахстана в контексте российской экспансии в Среднюю Азию в VIII-XIX вв. Отмечается, что компания екатеринбургских купцов одной из первых начала промышленную разработку природных ресурсов Казахстана (медные месторождения Джезказгана и Карагандинский угольный бассейн). Особое внимание уделяется религиозному фактору, определяющему действия екатеринбургских купцов, и роли, которую сыграло принятие ими единоверия., The article explores the process of Ural merchants, adherents of Common Faith (Rus. Yedinovertsy) investment into Kazakhstan during the Russian expansion into 8-19th centuries Central Asia, pointing that Yekaterinburg merchants were the first to start mining for Kazakhstan's natural resources (namely, copper deposits of Jezkazgan and Karaganda coal basin). Special attention is paid to the religious factor, determining the actions of Yekaterinburg merchants, and the role of Common Faith (Rus. Yedinoveriye) adoption.