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In light of the emerging consequences of climate change, there is a need for a sustainable transition of the marine sector, including waterborne transport systems, towards implementation of fossil free fuels and technologies. The thesis limits its scope to solely include passenger ferries that are suitable for calm waters and often operates on shorter distances, which are often incorporated in a public transport system and/or archipelago traffic. As there is limited literature available on the subject, this thesis aims to contribute to a wider knowledge of what is required to enable a sustainable transition of a waterborne transport system. Moreover, due to high investment costs and risks associated with low- and zero emission vessels, waterborne transport is often not prioritized when transitioning a public transport system. Thus, the following research questions were answered: Which aspects are vital to enable a sustainable transition of a waterborne transport system? Which actors influence and play a crucial role in the sustainable transition of a waterborne transport system? To answer the research questions, a literature review and an interviewstudy was conducted. The results present seven major aspects, with related sub aspects, and fourteen actors were identified. The results uncover that there is a need for collaborations, clear division of roles along with responsibilities, renewed perception of waterborne transport’s possible adaptations and allocation of funding in order to enable a widespread sustainable transition of a waterborne transport system. Moreover, the thesis presents a matrix that can be used to uncover potential power and knowledge imbalances between the actors within the system. Lastly, the results of the thesis contributes to the field by allowing actors to gain insight of what is vital for a transition from a system perspective., Med anledning av de rådande och växande konsekvenserna av klimatförändringar existerar det ett behov av en hållbar omställning av den marina sektorn, som inkluderar vattenburna transportsystem, mot implementering av fossilfria bränslen och teknologier. Examensarbetet avgränsar uppsatsens omfattning till att enbart inkludera passagerarfärjor som är lämpliga för lugna vatten och som ofta trafikerar kortare sträckor, samt där de ofta är en del av ett kollektivtrafiksystem och/eller skärgårdstrafik. Eftersom det finns begränsad litteratur tillgänglig kring ämnet, syftar denna masteruppsats till att bidra till en bredare kunskap om vad som krävs för att möjliggöra en hållbar omställning av ett vattenburet transportsystem. Dessutom, på grund av höga investeringskostnader och risker förknippade med låg- och nollutsläppsfartyg, är vattenburna transporter ofta inte prioriterade vid en hållbar omställning av ett kollektivtrafiksystem. Med avseende på detta ämnar uppsatsen att besvara följande frågor: Vilka aspekter är avgörande för att möjliggöra en hållbar omställning av ett vattenburet transportsystem? Vilka aktörer påverkar och besitter en avgörande roll för att nå en hållbar omställning av ett vattenburet transportsystem? För att besvara frågorna genomfördes en litteraturstudie och en intervjustudie. Resultatet presenterar sju aspekter, med tillhörande underkategorier, och fjorton aktörer som har identifierats genom arbetet. Resultatet antyder att det finns behov av samarbeten, tydlig roll- och ansvarsfördelning, förnyad uppfattning av den vattenburna trafikens möjliga anpassningar och tilldelning av bidrag och monetärt stöd för att möjliggöra en hållbar omställning av det vattenburna transportsystemet. Utöver resultatet presenteras även en matris som kan användas för att belysa potentiella obalanser mellan makt och kunskap hos aktörer som verkar inom systemet. Slutligen så bidrar avhandlingens resultat till området genom att låta aktörer få insikt om vad som är avgörande

In light of the emerging consequences of climate change, there is a need for a sustainable transition of the marine sector, including waterborne transport systems, towards implementation of fossil free fuels and technologies. The thesis limits its scope to solely include passenger ferries that are suitable for calm waters and often operates on shorter distances, which are often incorporated in a public transport system and/or archipelago traffic. As there is limited literature available on the subject, this thesis aims to contribute to a wider knowledge of what is required to enable a sustainable transition of a waterborne transport system. Moreover, due to high investment costs and risks associated with low- and zero emission vessels, waterborne transport is often not prioritized when transitioning a public transport system. Thus, the following research questions were answered: Which aspects are vital to enable a sustainable transition of a waterborne transport system? Which actors influence and play a crucial role in the sustainable transition of a waterborne transport system? To answer the research questions, a literature review and an interviewstudy was conducted. The results present seven major aspects, with related sub aspects, and fourteen actors were identified. The results uncover that there is a need for collaborations, clear division of roles along with responsibilities, renewed perception of waterborne transport’s possible adaptations and allocation of funding in order to enable a widespread sustainable transition of a waterborne transport system. Moreover, the thesis presents a matrix that can be used to uncover potential power and knowledge imbalances between the actors within the system. Lastly, the results of the thesis contributes to the field by allowing actors to gain insight of what is vital for a transition from a system perspective., Med anledning av de rådande och växande konsekvenserna av klimatförändringar existerar det ett behov av en hållbar omställning av den marina sektorn, som inkluderar vattenburna transportsystem, mot implementering av fossilfria bränslen och teknologier. Examensarbetet avgränsar uppsatsens omfattning till att enbart inkludera passagerarfärjor som är lämpliga för lugna vatten och som ofta trafikerar kortare sträckor, samt där de ofta är en del av ett kollektivtrafiksystem och/eller skärgårdstrafik. Eftersom det finns begränsad litteratur tillgänglig kring ämnet, syftar denna masteruppsats till att bidra till en bredare kunskap om vad som krävs för att möjliggöra en hållbar omställning av ett vattenburet transportsystem. Dessutom, på grund av höga investeringskostnader och risker förknippade med låg- och nollutsläppsfartyg, är vattenburna transporter ofta inte prioriterade vid en hållbar omställning av ett kollektivtrafiksystem. Med avseende på detta ämnar uppsatsen att besvara följande frågor: Vilka aspekter är avgörande för att möjliggöra en hållbar omställning av ett vattenburet transportsystem? Vilka aktörer påverkar och besitter en avgörande roll för att nå en hållbar omställning av ett vattenburet transportsystem? För att besvara frågorna genomfördes en litteraturstudie och en intervjustudie. Resultatet presenterar sju aspekter, med tillhörande underkategorier, och fjorton aktörer som har identifierats genom arbetet. Resultatet antyder att det finns behov av samarbeten, tydlig roll- och ansvarsfördelning, förnyad uppfattning av den vattenburna trafikens möjliga anpassningar och tilldelning av bidrag och monetärt stöd för att möjliggöra en hållbar omställning av det vattenburna transportsystemet. Utöver resultatet presenteras även en matris som kan användas för att belysa potentiella obalanser mellan makt och kunskap hos aktörer som verkar inom systemet. Slutligen så bidrar avhandlingens resultat till området genom att låta aktörer få insikt om vad som är avgörande

Using data from a field experiment, we provide estimates for the own-price elasticity of train travel in Switzerland. Our estimates are based on exogenous changes to the level of discounts for long-distance trains and thus avoid the usual endogeneity problem between demand-dependent discounts. Besides the price, we also vary the length of the pre-sale period during the experiment, which allows us to recover the relative effectiveness of pricing and timing measures. We compute own-price elasticities of around -0.7. Extending the pre-sale deadline by one hour leads to an increase in the pre-sale of discount tickets by 2.1%, which is equivalent to a price decrease by 3.1%. Reducing the price by 10% causes customers to purchase the discount ticket 7 hours earlier. Our results help design measures for peak-shifting in transport at least societal cost.

This paper investigates the development of Belgrade public transport system, and issues arising therefrom, through the lens of two concepts developed by scholars from the field of science, technology, and society: relevant social groups and sociotechnical imaginaries. Both concepts were conceived in order to explain and adequately theorize ways in which society and technology shape each other, with special emphasis on the political aspects of this process. Rather than trying to explain the entire history of the system, the paper will focus on several points of controversy during the 20th and 21st centuries. The main aim of the paper is to show, through these examples, that the proposed conceptual framework could be useful for understanding complex sociotechnical systems such as public transport.

During 2018, the Public Transport Administration (Trafikförvaltningen) in the Stockholm region spent approximately 2.2 billion SEK on new infrastructure investments related to the public transport system, many of which were based on their public transport models. The previously used method for validating these models has lacked scientific rigour, efficiency and a systematic approach, which has led to uncertainty in decision making. Furthermore, few scientific studies have been conducted to develop validation methodologies for large-scale models, such as public transport models. For these reasons, a scientific validation methodology for public transport models has been developed in this thesis. This validation methodology has been applied on the 2014 route assignment model used by Trafikförvaltningen, for the transport modes bus, commuter train and local tram. In the developed validation methodology, the selected validation metrics called MAPE, %RMSE and R^2 are used to compare link loads from a route assignment model with observed link loads from an Automatic Passenger Counting (APC) system. To obtain an overview of the performance of the route assignment model, eight different scenarios are set, based on whether the validation metrics meet acceptable thresholds or not. In the application of the developed validation methodology, the average link loads for the morning rush have been validated. To adjust the developed validation methodology to system-specific factors and to set acceptable metric thresholds, discussions with model practitioners have taken place. The validation has been performed on both lines and links, and for bus entire line number series have been validated as well. The validation results show that commuter train meets the set threshold values in a higher proportion than bus and local tram do. However, Trafikförvaltningen is recommended to further calibrate the route assignment model in order to achieve a better model performance. The developed vali, Under 2018 spenderade Trafikförvaltningen ungefär 2,2 miljarder kronor på nya infrastrukturinvesteringar för kollektivtrafiksystemet i Stockholm, varav många av dessa baserades på deras kollektivtrafikmodeller. Den tidigare metoden för att valideras dessa modeller har saknat gedigen vetenskaplig grund, effektivitet och ett systematiskt tillvägagångssätt, vilket lett till osäkerhet gällande investeringsbeslut. Dessutom har få vetenskapliga studier genomförts för att ta fram valideringsmetodologier för storskaliga modeller, såsom kollektivtrafikmodeller. Av dessa skäl har en vetenskaplig valideringsmetodologi för kollektivtrafikmodeller tagits fram i detta examensarbete. Denna valideringsmetodologi har tillämpats på Trafikförvaltningens 2014 års nätutläggningsmodell, för trafikslagen buss, pendeltåg och spårväg. I den framtagna valideringsmetodologin har de valda valideringsmåtten vid namn MAPE, %RMSE och R^2 använts för att jämföra länkbelastningar från en nätutläggningsmodell med observerade länkbelastningar från ett Automatisk Trafikanträkning-system (ATR). För att ge en översikt över modellens precision har åtta scenarios satts baserat på om valideringsmåtten godkänns eller inte enligt tröskelvärden. I tillämpningen av den framtagna valideringsmetodologin har de genomsnittliga länkbelastningarna för morgonens rusningstrafik validerats. För att justera den framtagna valideringsmetodologin efter systemspecifika faktorer och för att sätta godkända tröskelvärden för valideringsmåtten, har diskussioner med trafikanalytiker hållits. Valideringen har utförts både på linjer och länkar, och för buss har även hela linjeserier validerats. Valideringsresultaten för pendeltåg har en högre andel godkända mätningar än buss och spårväg. Trafikförvaltningen rekommenderas dock att kalibrera nätutläggningsmodellen ytterligare för att uppnå ett bättre resultat. Den framtagna valideringsmetodologin kan användas för valideringar av kollektivtrafikmodeller, och kan i kombination med mod

During 2018, the Public Transport Administration (Trafikförvaltningen) in the Stockholm region spent approximately 2.2 billion SEK on new infrastructure investments related to the public transport system, many of which were based on their public transport models. The previously used method for validating these models has lacked scientific rigour, efficiency and a systematic approach, which has led to uncertainty in decision making. Furthermore, few scientific studies have been conducted to develop validation methodologies for large-scale models, such as public transport models. For these reasons, a scientific validation methodology for public transport models has been developed in this thesis. This validation methodology has been applied on the 2014 route assignment model used by Trafikförvaltningen, for the transport modes bus, commuter train and local tram. In the developed validation methodology, the selected validation metrics called MAPE, %RMSE and R^2 are used to compare link loads from a route assignment model with observed link loads from an Automatic Passenger Counting (APC) system. To obtain an overview of the performance of the route assignment model, eight different scenarios are set, based on whether the validation metrics meet acceptable thresholds or not. In the application of the developed validation methodology, the average link loads for the morning rush have been validated. To adjust the developed validation methodology to system-specific factors and to set acceptable metric thresholds, discussions with model practitioners have taken place. The validation has been performed on both lines and links, and for bus entire line number series have been validated as well. The validation results show that commuter train meets the set threshold values in a higher proportion than bus and local tram do. However, Trafikförvaltningen is recommended to further calibrate the route assignment model in order to achieve a better model performance. The developed vali, Under 2018 spenderade Trafikförvaltningen ungefär 2,2 miljarder kronor på nya infrastrukturinvesteringar för kollektivtrafiksystemet i Stockholm, varav många av dessa baserades på deras kollektivtrafikmodeller. Den tidigare metoden för att valideras dessa modeller har saknat gedigen vetenskaplig grund, effektivitet och ett systematiskt tillvägagångssätt, vilket lett till osäkerhet gällande investeringsbeslut. Dessutom har få vetenskapliga studier genomförts för att ta fram valideringsmetodologier för storskaliga modeller, såsom kollektivtrafikmodeller. Av dessa skäl har en vetenskaplig valideringsmetodologi för kollektivtrafikmodeller tagits fram i detta examensarbete. Denna valideringsmetodologi har tillämpats på Trafikförvaltningens 2014 års nätutläggningsmodell, för trafikslagen buss, pendeltåg och spårväg. I den framtagna valideringsmetodologin har de valda valideringsmåtten vid namn MAPE, %RMSE och R^2 använts för att jämföra länkbelastningar från en nätutläggningsmodell med observerade länkbelastningar från ett Automatisk Trafikanträkning-system (ATR). För att ge en översikt över modellens precision har åtta scenarios satts baserat på om valideringsmåtten godkänns eller inte enligt tröskelvärden. I tillämpningen av den framtagna valideringsmetodologin har de genomsnittliga länkbelastningarna för morgonens rusningstrafik validerats. För att justera den framtagna valideringsmetodologin efter systemspecifika faktorer och för att sätta godkända tröskelvärden för valideringsmåtten, har diskussioner med trafikanalytiker hållits. Valideringen har utförts både på linjer och länkar, och för buss har även hela linjeserier validerats. Valideringsresultaten för pendeltåg har en högre andel godkända mätningar än buss och spårväg. Trafikförvaltningen rekommenderas dock att kalibrera nätutläggningsmodellen ytterligare för att uppnå ett bättre resultat. Den framtagna valideringsmetodologin kan användas för valideringar av kollektivtrafikmodeller, och kan i kombination med mod

New and emerging technologies, such as connected sensors, smartphones and smart cards, offer new possibilities to collect rich real-time information about travelers. Moreover, smartphones also enable travelers to actively share information, for instance, about their intended travel plans. This type of information can be used to improve public transport disturbance management. In this paper, the potential gain of collecting different types of information about travelers is explored to support action decisions made by public transport actors, during unplanned disturbances. Based on interviews and workshops, the paper provides a mapping between different information types and possible action decisions that can be supported. Furthermore, based on a literature review focused on current and potential technical solutions, a guidance to which solutions support which type of action decisions, is also provided. Amongst others, the results show that automated fare collection, which is one of the most commonly implemented systems providing real-time information about the traveler, can support a large number of action decisions relevant in unplanned disturbance scenarios. The technical solution providing the most extensive information, and thereby providing the best support for the action decisions, involves smartphone apps delivering user-generated information. The drawback with this solution is that it might violate privacy, and that it typically relies on the travelers providing relevant information voluntarily.

New and emerging technologies, such as connected sensors, smartphones and smart cards, offer new possibilities to collect rich real-time information about travelers. Moreover, smartphones also enable travelers to actively share information, for instance, about their intended travel plans. This type of information can be used to improve public transport disturbance management. In this paper, the potential gain of collecting different types of information about travelers is explored to support action decisions made by public transport actors, during unplanned disturbances. Based on interviews and workshops, the paper provides a mapping between different information types and possible action decisions that can be supported. Furthermore, based on a literature review focused on current and potential technical solutions, a guidance to which solutions support which type of action decisions, is also provided. Amongst others, the results show that automated fare collection, which is one of the most commonly implemented systems providing real-time information about the traveler, can support a large number of action decisions relevant in unplanned disturbance scenarios. The technical solution providing the most extensive information, and thereby providing the best support for the action decisions, involves smartphone apps delivering user-generated information. The drawback with this solution is that it might violate privacy, and that it typically relies on the travelers providing relevant information voluntarily.

Geographic Information Systems are now as ubiquitous as social networks or the use of the Internet. Its impact from urban planning to crisis management is undeniable. This research presents the application of GIS in commute planning with public transport routes in Maracaibo. Throughout the phases of the software development cycle, a preliminary analysis was carried out of a base tool that uses graphs to represent the road and public transport networks in Maracaibo and the Dijkstra algorithm to efficiently calculate shortest routes; a module was built for tracking and estimating arrival times of public transport units; an adaptive web interface was developed for the integration of the various functionalities; and functional tests were carried out on the resulting system. The final product complies with GIS quality standards and its performance is computationally optimal., Los sistemas de información geográfico son en la actualidad tan ubicuos como las redes sociales o el uso de Internet. Su impacto desde la planificación urbana hasta la gestión de crisis es innegable. La presente investigación presenta la aplicación de SIG en la planificación de desplazamiento con rutas de transporte público en Maracaibo. A lo largo de las fases del ciclo de desarrollo de un software, se realizó un análisis preliminar de una herramienta base que usa grafos para la representación de las redes de vialidad y de transporte público en Maracaibo y el algoritmo de Dijkstra para calcular eficientemente rutas más cortas; se construyó un módulo para el rastreo y estimación de tiempos de llegada de unidades de transporte público; se desarrolló una interfaz web adaptativa para la integración de las diversas funcionalidades; y se realizaron pruebas funcionales al sistema resultante. El producto final cumple con estándares de calidad de SIG y su funcionamiento es computacionalmente óptimo.

This paper presents some results devoted to providing network analysis functionalities for vulnerability assessment in public transportation networks with respect to disruptive events and/or targeted attacks to stations. The results have been obtained on two public transportation networks: the bus network in Florence, Italy, and the transportation network in the Attika region, Greece. The analysis implements a topological approach, based on graph theory, using a multi-graph to model public transportation networks and analyse vulnerabilities with respect to the removal of one or more of their components. Both directed attacks and cascading failures are considered. While the first type of disruptive events is related to a static analysis, where nodes are removed according to a rank related to some centrality measures, the second type is related to a dynamic analysis, where a failure cascade is simulated making unavailable the node with the highest betweenness value. Vulnerability measures are computed as loss of connectivity and efficiency, with respect to both the two different types of disruptive events considered. This study allows to evidence potential vulnerabilities of the urban networks, that must be considered to support the planning process into the creation of resilient structures

[EN] The impact of new public transport systems on towns and suburbs has been widely considered to be a significant aspect of urban development. However, spatial configurations which could stimulate transformation around neighbourhood of stations have not been clearly identified. It could be argued that the implementation of transport systems and the creation of new stations would enhance capacity of transport network and accessibility around vicinity of stations. Furthermore, the dynamics of pedestrian flow, generated by new public transport systems, might encourage socio-economic activities around stations. Therefore, the aims of this study are to verify the impact of urban morphology on station neighbourhoods and identify whether stations are embedded in the best location for optimising urban redevelopment. This paper analyses the surroundings of two stations – Bermondsey and West Ham – along the Jubilee Line Extension in London using Space Syntax measures. A spatial analysis with demographic and land use data reveals that the location of stations within urban layout would be the determinant in optimising socio-economic development in the neighbourhoods. It also suggests that Space Syntax could be an effective analytical methodology to understand the relationship between transport system and urban morphology

[EN] The impact of new public transport systems on towns and suburbs has been widely considered to be a significant aspect of urban development. However, spatial configurations which could stimulate transformation around neighbourhood of stations have not been clearly identified. It could be argued that the implementation of transport systems and the creation of new stations would enhance capacity of transport network and accessibility around vicinity of stations. Furthermore, the dynamics of pedestrian flow, generated by new public transport systems, might encourage socio-economic activities around stations. Therefore, the aims of this study are to verify the impact of urban morphology on station neighbourhoods and identify whether stations are embedded in the best location for optimising urban redevelopment. This paper analyses the surroundings of two stations – Bermondsey and West Ham – along the Jubilee Line Extension in London using Space Syntax measures. A spatial analysis with demographic and land use data reveals that the location of stations within urban layout would be the determinant in optimising socio-economic development in the neighbourhoods. It also suggests that Space Syntax could be an effective analytical methodology to understand the relationship between transport system and urban morphology

[EN] The impact of new public transport systems on towns and suburbs has been widely considered to be a significant aspect of urban development. However, spatial configurations which could stimulate transformation around neighbourhood of stations have not been clearly identified. It could be argued that the implementation of transport systems and the creation of new stations would enhance capacity of transport network and accessibility around vicinity of stations. Furthermore, the dynamics of pedestrian flow, generated by new public transport systems, might encourage socio-economic activities around stations. Therefore, the aims of this study are to verify the impact of urban morphology on station neighbourhoods and identify whether stations are embedded in the best location for optimising urban redevelopment. This paper analyses the surroundings of two stations – Bermondsey and West Ham – along the Jubilee Line Extension in London using Space Syntax measures. A spatial analysis with demographic and land use data reveals that the location of stations within urban layout would be the determinant in optimising socio-economic development in the neighbourhoods. It also suggests that Space Syntax could be an effective analytical methodology to understand the relationship between transport system and urban morphology

[EN] The impact of new public transport systems on towns and suburbs has been widely considered to be a significant aspect of urban development. However, spatial configurations which could stimulate transformation around neighbourhood of stations have not been clearly identified. It could be argued that the implementation of transport systems and the creation of new stations would enhance capacity of transport network and accessibility around vicinity of stations. Furthermore, the dynamics of pedestrian flow, generated by new public transport systems, might encourage socio-economic activities around stations. Therefore, the aims of this study are to verify the impact of urban morphology on station neighbourhoods and identify whether stations are embedded in the best location for optimising urban redevelopment. This paper analyses the surroundings of two stations – Bermondsey and West Ham – along the Jubilee Line Extension in London using Space Syntax measures. A spatial analysis with demographic and land use data reveals that the location of stations within urban layout would be the determinant in optimising socio-economic development in the neighbourhoods. It also suggests that Space Syntax could be an effective analytical methodology to understand the relationship between transport system and urban morphology

[EN] The impact of new public transport systems on towns and suburbs has been widely considered to be a significant aspect of urban development. However, spatial configurations which could stimulate transformation around neighbourhood of stations have not been clearly identified. It could be argued that the implementation of transport systems and the creation of new stations would enhance capacity of transport network and accessibility around vicinity of stations. Furthermore, the dynamics of pedestrian flow, generated by new public transport systems, might encourage socio-economic activities around stations. Therefore, the aims of this study are to verify the impact of urban morphology on station neighbourhoods and identify whether stations are embedded in the best location for optimising urban redevelopment. This paper analyses the surroundings of two stations – Bermondsey and West Ham – along the Jubilee Line Extension in London using Space Syntax measures. A spatial analysis with demographic and land use data reveals that the location of stations within urban layout would be the determinant in optimising socio-economic development in the neighbourhoods. It also suggests that Space Syntax could be an effective analytical methodology to understand the relationship between transport system and urban morphology

Bakgrund: Prestationsmätning är en viktig del av ekonomistyrning och mätningarna ser olika ut beroende på organisation. Inom offentlig verksamhet har intresset för prestationsmätning ökat i och med New Public Management-idéerna (NPM). NPM har bidragit till en ökad företagsekonomisk inriktning på offentlig styrning, där resurshushållning och effektivitet fått ett tydligare fokus. Prestationsmätning har tidigare främst förknippats med finansiella prestationer. Under 1980- och 90-talen ökade kritiken mot detta ensidigt finansiella intresse, företrädelsevis ur en företagskontext. Att även utföra icke-finansiell prestationsmätning, och att då ha en flerdimensionell styrning, framhölls allt oftare som ett sätt att få organisationer mer framgångsrika. En av de mest välkända styrmetoderna för detta synsätt är det balanserade styrkortet. Balanserade styrkort som flerdimensionell styrmetod är enligt vissa forskare lämpligt även för offentlig verksamhet. Andra forskare menar att offentlig verksamhet genom NPM och fokus på resurshushållning samt effektivitet i sig är endimensionellt. Kollektivtrafiken i Sverige tillhör den offentliga sektorn. Under senare år har kollektivtrafiken dragits med låg effektivitet samtidigt som branschen har som mål att fördubbla resandet. Hur väl balanserade är olika perspektiv inom kollektivtrafiken? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka befintlig perspektivbalans av de mått som används bland svenska kollektivtrafikhuvudmän samt att kartlägga faktiska prioriteringar mellan olika mål och mått. Metod: Till denna studie har det använts kvantitativ metod med en deduktiv ansats, arbetsgången har varit parallell. Empirisk data har insamlats genom enkätundersökning som skickats ut till respondenter hos samtliga trafikhuvudmän i landet. Slutsats: Inom kollektivtrafiken finns det en relativt god balans mellan olika perspektiv, både i organisationer som uttalat använder sig av balanserade styrkort och de som uppger att de inte gör det. Enkätstud, Context: Measuring Performance is an important part of management control, as well as the manner in which these performance measurements are implemented in different organizations. Interest in measuring performance in the public sector has grown with the introduction of New Public Management (NPM). NPM has contributed to a more business-like way of dealing with public management, focusing on efficiency and resource management. Previously, performance measurements were mainly associated with financial performance. During the 1980s and 1990s, criticism arose against what was perceived as being companies focusing solely on financial performance. Complementing non-financial performance measurements were seen as way of bringing more prosperity to organizations. One of the most well-known multi-dimensional management methods is the balanced scorecard. According to some researchers, balanced scorecards are also suitable for public sector management, due to their multiple dimensions. Other research indicates that the influence of NPM and the focus on efficiency and resource management in this sector is one dimensional. The public transport sector in Sweden is partly funded by public finance and hence part of the public sector. During the last decade, public transport has lacked efficiency, while at the same time having a goal of doubling the number of passengers using its services. How balanced are the different perspectives in the public transport in Sweden? Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the balance between the different modes of performance measurement used within the Swedish public transport system. Secondly, this work aims to map the actual priorities of the different measurements used. Method: This study uses a quantitative method with a deductive approach; the work process has taken place in parallel. Empirical data has been collected by means of a web-based survey that has been sent out to respondents working in all the public transport authorities in

Bakgrund: Prestationsmätning är en viktig del av ekonomistyrning och mätningarna ser olika ut beroende på organisation. Inom offentlig verksamhet har intresset för prestationsmätning ökat i och med New Public Management-idéerna (NPM). NPM har bidragit till en ökad företagsekonomisk inriktning på offentlig styrning, där resurshushållning och effektivitet fått ett tydligare fokus. Prestationsmätning har tidigare främst förknippats med finansiella prestationer. Under 1980- och 90-talen ökade kritiken mot detta ensidigt finansiella intresse, företrädelsevis ur en företagskontext. Att även utföra icke-finansiell prestationsmätning, och att då ha en flerdimensionell styrning, framhölls allt oftare som ett sätt att få organisationer mer framgångsrika. En av de mest välkända styrmetoderna för detta synsätt är det balanserade styrkortet. Balanserade styrkort som flerdimensionell styrmetod är enligt vissa forskare lämpligt även för offentlig verksamhet. Andra forskare menar att offentlig verksamhet genom NPM och fokus på resurshushållning samt effektivitet i sig är endimensionellt. Kollektivtrafiken i Sverige tillhör den offentliga sektorn. Under senare år har kollektivtrafiken dragits med låg effektivitet samtidigt som branschen har som mål att fördubbla resandet. Hur väl balanserade är olika perspektiv inom kollektivtrafiken? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka befintlig perspektivbalans av de mått som används bland svenska kollektivtrafikhuvudmän samt att kartlägga faktiska prioriteringar mellan olika mål och mått. Metod: Till denna studie har det använts kvantitativ metod med en deduktiv ansats, arbetsgången har varit parallell. Empirisk data har insamlats genom enkätundersökning som skickats ut till respondenter hos samtliga trafikhuvudmän i landet. Slutsats: Inom kollektivtrafiken finns det en relativt god balans mellan olika perspektiv, både i organisationer som uttalat använder sig av balanserade styrkort och de som uppger att de inte gör det. Enkätstud, Context: Measuring Performance is an important part of management control, as well as the manner in which these performance measurements are implemented in different organizations. Interest in measuring performance in the public sector has grown with the introduction of New Public Management (NPM). NPM has contributed to a more business-like way of dealing with public management, focusing on efficiency and resource management. Previously, performance measurements were mainly associated with financial performance. During the 1980s and 1990s, criticism arose against what was perceived as being companies focusing solely on financial performance. Complementing non-financial performance measurements were seen as way of bringing more prosperity to organizations. One of the most well-known multi-dimensional management methods is the balanced scorecard. According to some researchers, balanced scorecards are also suitable for public sector management, due to their multiple dimensions. Other research indicates that the influence of NPM and the focus on efficiency and resource management in this sector is one dimensional. The public transport sector in Sweden is partly funded by public finance and hence part of the public sector. During the last decade, public transport has lacked efficiency, while at the same time having a goal of doubling the number of passengers using its services. How balanced are the different perspectives in the public transport in Sweden? Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the balance between the different modes of performance measurement used within the Swedish public transport system. Secondly, this work aims to map the actual priorities of the different measurements used. Method: This study uses a quantitative method with a deductive approach; the work process has taken place in parallel. Empirical data has been collected by means of a web-based survey that has been sent out to respondents working in all the public transport authorities in

La gestión del transporte colectivo en la región metropolitana de Buenos Aires, otrora pionera respecto a las ciudades latinoamericanas y a la propia dinámica urbana, muestra un estancamiento que compromete su capacidad de responder a los desafíos actuales. También hay una inercia en la forma en que se diagnostica la situación, con una mirada puesta en la coyuntura, y un tratamiento fragmentado de los servicios de transporte y de las dimensiones de análisis. El objetivo del trabajo es reflexionar sobre la gestión de los transportes colectivos conforme a una revisión de los últimos 20 años orientada a identificar cambios ilustrativos de tendencias. Esta recuperación de lo acontecido sirve como hilo conductor a una reflexión que observa aspectos socio-territoriales, económicos y de la calidad de los transportes colectivos, tanto de los servicios públicos (trenes, buses, subtes, taxis) como de los nuevos servicios privados (chárter y remis). El diagnóstico comparado permite divisar la desigualdad socio-espacial como un resultado común de la gestión de los transportes colectivos metropolitanos. Llegada esta instancia, el trabajo finaliza identificando desafíos para la gestión y falsos dilemas, de cara al futuro., ENG: The management of the transport system in the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires, once a pioneer regarding Latin American cities and also the urban dynamics itself, shows a stalemate that compromises its ability to respond to current challenges. There is also an inertia in the situation diagnosis, since the attention is addressed to the circumstances, and a fragmented treatment of the transport services and the analysis dimensions. This paper points out the management of transport system (which includes public and private services) reviewing the past twenty years in order to identify illustrative changing trends. This path allows us to construct a guideline that includes socio-spacial and economic aspects, and also the quality of public transport services (train, metro, bus, taxi) and the new private services (charter and remis). The compared diagnosis shows the socio-spatial inequality as a shared consequence of metropolitan transport system management. We end up by identifying management challenges and some false dilemmas, facing the future., Peer Reviewed

The points of issue embodied in the paper are situated in the category of public relations in the firms and companies. All of mentioned facts are thematically steered into rarely examined public transport companies, especially into the part of them, into companies operating in urban public transport services. The research of the general points of issue of public relations is most enlarged in the English-speaking countries, how it follows from studying of information sources and literature. The research of public relations by public transport transporters is significant as well in other countries on the same level. The core of the paper is consisted of the experiences with public relations in the urban public transport systems in the Czech Republic and in the Slovak Republic. The experiences have been gained by the extensive survey in both of these states.

Urban Regeneration, Urbanism, Architecture

Urban Regeneration, Urbanism, Architecture

Práce formuluje problematiku racionalizace dopravní obslužnosti regionu. Po všeobecném úvodu je zařazena terminologie a analýza stavu dané problematiky v ČR a v zahraničí. V dalších částech se autor věnuje dekompozici veřejné hromadné dopravy včetně jejích kvalitativních aspektů. Dále rozebírá regionální planiovou dopravní obslužnost, na jejíž bázi navrhuje model regionální mobility. V závěru práce tento model autor validuje a stanovuje jeho přínosy potencionálním uživatelům., Thesis formulates the topic of region transport service rationalization. First, author pays attention to the terminology and analysis of the current scientific knoledge in the Czech Republic and abroad. Next chapters are dedicated to the structure of public transport system including quality items. The regional plane transport service is described and the model of regional mobility is designed and it is validated by its potential users. An evaluation of the results is included., Katedra technologie a řízení dopravy, Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou