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During Mustafa Kemal’s administration over the newly founded Turkish Republic (1923-1938), an ambitious media campaign was launched to present new policies, which would transform Turkish society and culture, as necessary for the modernization and success of the Republic. This project involved the production and distribution of propaganda to the greater Turkish public in the form of newspapers, posters, and cartoons as a method of nation-forming and social engineering. By analyzing a series of images published and distributed during the social and political transformations of the early 20th-century Republic of Turkey, this research will examine the power of propaganda in generating retrospective historical narratives that reorient the past into new terms that would allow the emergence of the modern Turkish state. This thesis will employ a hybrid approach of qualitative content analysis and semiotic discourse analysis to examine a sample of early Turkish propaganda posters and cartoons by identifying recurring symbols, themes, and figures within the illustrations. This research aims to study aspects of Turkish print media and culture under Kemal’s administration as a window into the communication of political messages, social transformation, and nation-forming projects active at that time. By visualizing society during this period in Turkish history through analyzing print culture, this thesis will make a unique contribution to the rich academic dialogue on the transition and transformation of early Turkish society.

During Mustafa Kemal’s administration over the newly founded Turkish Republic (1923-1938), an ambitious media campaign was launched to present new policies, which would transform Turkish society and culture, as necessary for the modernization and success of the Republic. This project involved the production and distribution of propaganda to the greater Turkish public in the form of newspapers, posters, and cartoons as a method of nation-forming and social engineering. By analyzing a series of images published and distributed during the social and political transformations of the early 20th-century Republic of Turkey, this research will examine the power of propaganda in generating retrospective historical narratives that reorient the past into new terms that would allow the emergence of the modern Turkish state. This thesis will employ a hybrid approach of qualitative content analysis and semiotic discourse analysis to examine a sample of early Turkish propaganda posters and cartoons by identifying recurring symbols, themes, and figures within the illustrations. This research aims to study aspects of Turkish print media and culture under Kemal’s administration as a window into the communication of political messages, social transformation, and nation-forming projects active at that time. By visualizing society during this period in Turkish history through analyzing print culture, this thesis will make a unique contribution to the rich academic dialogue on the transition and transformation of early Turkish society.

The article investigates the transformation of Bulgaria’s print media culture in the 1990s, a period of profound political, economic, social, and cultural change in Eastern Europe. The paper’s contribution is two-fold. Firstly, it focuses on the convergence of selected Bulgarian newspapers with established and emerging media formats alongside Bulgaria’s position between the East and the West. Secondly, the representations of and discourses about technology during the transition period are analysed and their link with identity formation is explored. I compare two tabloids (Trud and 24 Chassa) with two business-focused broadsheets (Cash and Capital) issued in 1997. Adopting a non-Western perspective by focusing on a case of transitional Eastern Europe, the article offers a snapshot and a reflection on the cultural representations of technologies, discursive identity construction, and media practices of the 1990s. The emergence of the free market and the influx of electronics in Bulgaria affected identity formation as technologies related to notions of modernity, Europeanness, globalisation, entertainment, power, gender, and social status.

The article investigates the transformation of Bulgaria’s print media culture in the 1990s, a period of profound political, economic, social, and cultural change in Eastern Europe. The paper’s contribution is two-fold. Firstly, it focuses on the convergence of selected Bulgarian newspapers with established and emerging media formats alongside Bulgaria’s position between the East and the West. Secondly, the representations of and discourses about technology during the transition period are analysed and their link with identity formation is explored. I compare two tabloids (Trud and 24 Chassa) with two business-focused broadsheets (Cash and Capital) issued in 1997. Adopting a non-Western perspective by focusing on a case of transitional Eastern Europe, the article offers a snapshot and a reflection on the cultural representations of technologies, discursive identity construction, and media practices of the 1990s. The emergence of the free market and the influx of electronics in Bulgaria affected identity formation as technologies related to notions of modernity, Europeanness, globalisation, entertainment, power, gender, and social status.

The article investigates the transformation of Bulgaria’s print media culture in the 1990s, a period of profound political, economic, social, and cultural change in Eastern Europe. The paper’s contribution is two-fold. Firstly, it focuses on the convergence of selected Bulgarian newspapers with established and emerging media formats alongside Bulgaria’s position between the East and the West. Secondly, the representations of and discourses about technology during the transition period are analysed and their link with identity formation is explored. I compare two tabloids (Trud and 24 Chassa) with two business-focused broadsheets (Cash and Capital) issued in 1997. Adopting a non-Western perspective by focusing on a case of transitional Eastern Europe, the article offers a snapshot and a reflection on the cultural representations of technologies, discursive identity construction, and media practices of the 1990s. The emergence of the free market and the influx of electronics in Bulgaria affected identity formation as technologies related to notions of modernity, Europeanness, globalisation, entertainment, power, gender, and social status.

The article investigates the transformation of Bulgaria’s print media culture in the 1990s, a period of profound political, economic, social, and cultural change in Eastern Europe. The paper’s contribution is two-fold. Firstly, it focuses on the convergence of selected Bulgarian newspapers with established and emerging media formats alongside Bulgaria’s position between the East and the West. Secondly, the representations of and discourses about technology during the transition period are analysed and their link with identity formation is explored. I compare two tabloids (Trud and 24 Chassa) with two business-focused broadsheets (Cash and Capital) issued in 1997. Adopting a non-Western perspective by focusing on a case of transitional Eastern Europe, the article offers a snapshot and a reflection on the cultural representations of technologies, discursive identity construction, and media practices of the 1990s. The emergence of the free market and the influx of electronics in Bulgaria affected identity formation as technologies related to notions of modernity, Europeanness, globalisation, entertainment, power, gender, and social status.

Die Homöopathie zählt zu den bekanntesten und verbreitetsten komplementären Therapiemethoden in Deutschland. In starkem Kontrast zu den hohen Nutzendenzahlen steht der fehlende Wirksamkeitsbeleg für diese Therapieform. Massenmedien stellen eine häufige Informationsquelle für Gesundheitsfragen in der deutschen Bevölkerung dar, woraus ein hoher Qualitätsanspruch an den Medizin- und Gesundheitsjournalismus resultiert. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist, die gesundheitsjournalistische Qualität von Print- und Online-Artikeln (N = 176) über Homöopathie in ausgewählten deutschen Medienangeboten zu untersuchen. Die Auswertung der quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse zeigt, dass die Stärken der Homöopathie-Berichterstattung vor allem in der sachlichen und verständlichen Darstellung liegen. Schwächen zeigen sich hinsichtlich des Hinweises auf die ausschließliche Placebo-Wirkung von Homöopathie und der mangelnden Darlegung der Evidenzlage. Die Homöopathie wird insgesamt relativ neutral dargestellt. Problematisch ist die Verwendung irreführender Begrifflichkeiten wie "alternativ" oder "natürlich" zur Beschreibung der Homöopathie., Homeopathy is one of the best-known and most widespread complementary therapy methods in Germany. The high number of consumers is strongly contrasted by the lack of proof of efficacy for this form of therapy. Mass media are a frequent source of information on health topics in the German population, resulting in high-quality standards for medical and health journalism. This article aims to examine the health-related journalistic quality of print and online articles (N = 176) on homeopathy in selected German media outlets. The evaluation of the quantitative content analysis shows that the strengths of homeopathy reporting lie above all in the factual and comprehensible presentation. Weaknesses are revealed regarding the reference to the exclusive placebo effect of homeopathy and the lack of evidence. Homeopathy is presented relatively neutrally overall. Problematic is the use of misleading terms such as "alternative" or "natural" to describe homeopathy.

This study aims to explore the presence of ”China threat” and the securitization of China in Swedish print media. The key objective is to measure the portrayal of China as a threat and if/how that representation has changed during the time period 2012-2022. This is studied through a frame analysis investigating China as an ideological, military, and economic threat. The study shows that the usage of portraying China as an ideological, military and/or economic threat is indeed present and increasing during the period, with a peak of publications in 2019. All frames are used by all studied newspapers, and there is a growing trend visualized through the data. This trend demonstrates that the perspective of China as a threat has become more normative in reporting, proving the notion of that securitization as a speech act is in fact present in the investigated time period. The articles are not portraying China as a direct threat to the readers in Sweden, but rather through ways of causal interpretation and moral evaluation that conceives China as a threat to the liberal international order. The most frequently used attributions are within the ideological threat frame, the second most used frame is the military one closely followed by the usage of attributions from the economic frame. Understanding how China is framed and perceived in Swedish print media can be useful in the exploration of the nuanced phenomena of Sweden-China relations, completed and future policy interventions, and to understand the influences of opinion that the readers might receive to secure an informed, impartial, and globally aware society. This study can be seen as an ignition towards further research in this nestled marvel of securitization and global politics.

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar las representaciones de estudiantes universitarias presentadas en portadas y contraportadas de tres medios impresos de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, bajo la mirada de las políticas de transversalización de género en la educación superior. Bajo un enfoque cualitativo, la metodología incluyó la búsqueda y selección de imágenes en archivos de la universidad, las cuales se estudiaron y se extrajeron tres dimensiones: Representaciones que obedecen a estereotipos de género, Representaciones que refieren a la vida universitaria cotidiana y, Representaciones para la promoción de actividades universitarias. Los hallazgos dan cuenta de una baja representación de este sector de la población en los medios elegidos y de cambios en las representaciones visuales que van de imágenes altamente estereotipadas a propuestas más inclusivas. Como conclusión se hace evidente la construcción de imaginarios sobre lo femenino desde una concepción binaria de género. Los estudios de esta naturaleza en el ámbito de la educación superior son escasos, por lo que este artículo contribuye al entendimiento de la naturaleza de las representaciones visuales sobre las mujeres en las universidades en México.

Objective: To study the textual and visual representations produced by the Chilean newspaper Clarín (1954-1973), regarding men, women, and homosexuals classified as abnormal, defined and characterized on the basis of an alleged hereditary dangerousness, the primacy of instinct rather than reason in their behavior, and a sexuality perceived as perverse and contrary to social and moral order. Methodology: Based on a content analysis and a case study, which were part of the newspaper’s police chronicle (crónica roja) during the period of study, we examine the fabrication and naturalization of stereotypes and prejudices through journalistic strategies such as reiteration, saturation, and orchestration of texts and images. Originality: The article addresses an underexplored context from the perspective of studies on behavioral and sexual differences and the role of the press in the fabrication of social labels, prejudices, and violence towards individuals and groups. Conclusions: The newspaper examined was not only a supplier of information but also a protagonist at the time due to its way of approaching the understanding and construction of reality, justifying moralistic and hegemonic values and practices, despite its popular, defiant, and anti-oligarchic profile. Its constructions of meaning preserve certain actuality, showing both the historicity and the contingency of the subject., Objetivo: estudar as representações textuais e visuais produzidas pelo jornal chileno Clarín (1954-1973) de homens, mulheres e homossexuais classificados como anormais, definidos e caracterizados com base em uma suposta perigosidade hereditária, a primazia do instinto sobre a razão em seu comportamento e uma sexualidade percebida como perversa e contrária à ordem social e moral. Metodologia: através de uma análise de conteúdo e um estudo de caso que fizeram parte da crônica policial (“crónica roja”) do jornal da manhã durante o período em estudo, examinamos a fabricação e naturalização de estereótipos e preconceitos através do uso de estratégias jornalísticas como a reiteração, saturação e orquestração de textos e imagens. Originalidade: aborda um contexto que tem sido pouco explorado sob a perspetiva de estudos sobre diferenças comportamentais e sexuais, e o papel da imprensa na fabricação de rótulos sociais, preconceitos e violência contra indivíduos e grupos. Conclusões: o jornal examinado não era apenas um fornecedor de informações, mas também um protagonista do período devido a sua forma particular de abordar a compreensão e construção da realidade, justificando valores e práticas moralistas e hegemônicos, apesar de seu perfil popular, desafiador e antioligárquico. Suas construções de significado são ainda hoje relevantes e mostram o tanto a historicidade como a contingência do assunto., Objetivo: estudiar las representaciones textuales y visuales producidas por el diario chileno Clarín (1954-1973) respecto de hombres, mujeres y homosexuales, catalogados de anormales y definidos y caracterizados de acuerdo con una supuesta peligrosidad hereditaria, la primacía del instinto antes que de la razón en sus conductas y una sexualidad percibida como perversa y contraria al orden social y moral. Metodología: a través de un análisis de contenidos y un estudio de casos que formaron parte de la crónica policial o crónica roja del matutino durante el período en estudio, se examina la fabricación y naturalización de estereotipos y prejuicios mediante el uso de estrategias periodísticas como la reiteración, la saturación y la orquestación de textos e imágenes. Originalidad: se aborda un contexto muy poco explorado desde la perspectiva de los estudios sobre las diferencias conductuales y sexuales y del papel de la prensa en la fabricación de etiquetas sociales, prejuicios y violencias contra personas y grupos. Conclusiones: el diario examinado no fue solo un suministrador de informaciones, sino también un protagonista del período, con su particular manera de acercarse a la comprensión y construcción de la realidad, justificando valores y prácticas moralistas y hegemónicas, a pesar de su perfil popular, desafiante y antioligárquico. Sus construcciones de sentido aún mantienen cierta vigencia en la actualidad y muestran tanto la historicidad como la contingencia del tema.

Delpher's tenth anniversary deserves appreciation and praise. And it would be a good opportunity to reflect on what it actually means for the practice of history by both enthusiasts and professionals. There are always additional wishes for more digitized sources, but at least as important is the question of how Delpher guides historical interest.

The article investigates the transformation of Bulgaria’s print media culture in the 1990s, a period of profound political, economic, social, and cultural change in Eastern Europe. The paper’s contribution is two-fold. Firstly, it focuses on the convergence of selected Bulgarian newspapers with established and emerging media formats alongside Bulgaria’s position between the East and the West. Secondly, the representations of and discourses about technology during the transition period are analysed and their link with identity formation is explored. I compare two tabloids (Trud and 24 Chassa) with two business-focused broadsheets (Cash and Capital) issued in 1997. Adopting a non-Western perspective by focusing on a case of transitional Eastern Europe, the article offers a snapshot and a reflection on the cultural representations of technologies, discursive identity construction, and media practices of the 1990s. The emergence of the free market and the influx of electronics in Bulgaria affected identity formation as technologies related to notions of modernity, Europeanness, globalisation, entertainment, power, gender, and social status.

Based on the conceptualization of Mellado (2015, 2021) on the performance of professional roles, ma-nifested in six different dimensions: the interventionist, watchdog, loyal-facilitator, service, infotainmentand civic roles, a content analysis has been carried out in a sample of 554 sports news published in theyear 2020 in twelve Spanish media from four platforms (print press, radio, television and digital nativenewspapers). The following objectives are addressed: to know which journalistic roles materialize to agreater extent in the coverage of sporting events, to analyze if there are differences in the presence ofthese roles considering the media platform (press, radio, television and digital native media), as well asto know which intermediate roles are generated by the co-occurrence of pure roles. The results show thatthe most present roles are the interventionist (M= .26; SD= .20) and the infotainment role (M= .16; SD=.20), especially in digital native media (M interventionist= .31; SD= .20; M info-entertainment= .18; SD= .21). In addition, the generation of two intermediate roles has been revealed from the combination of the inter-ventionist and infotainment roles (r=,266) and the loyal-facilitator and infotainment roles (r=,179). It isconcluded that the sports journalism model bases on two fundamental functions, that of creating opinionand that of entertaining, while only digital native newspapers move away slightly by being more critical, A partir de la conceptualización de Mellado (2015, 2021) sobre la performance de los roles profesio-nales, manifestados en seis diferentes dimensiones: los roles intervencionista, vigilante, leal-facilitador, servicio, info-entretenimiento y cívico, se ha realizado un análisis de contenido de una muestra de 554noticias sobre deportes publicadas en doce medios españoles de prensa, radio, televisión y diarios nativosdigitales en 2020. Se abordan los siguientes objetivos: conocer qué roles periodísticos se materializanen mayor medida en la cobertura de acontecimientos deportivos, analizar si existen diferencias en lapresencia de estos roles considerando la plataforma mediática (prensa, radio, televisión y medios nativosdigitales), así como conocer qué roles intermedios se generan por la co-ocurrencia de los roles puros. Losresultados muestran que los roles más presentes son el intervencionista (M= ,26; DT= ,20) y el rol de in-fo-entretenimiento (M= ,16; DT= ,20), especialmente en los medios nativos digitales (Mintervencionista= ,31;DT= ,20; Minfo-entretenimiento= ,18; DT= ,21). Además, se ha revelado la generación de dos roles intermediosde la combinación de los roles intervencionista e info-entretenimiento (r=,266) y de los roles leal-facilitador e info-entretenimiento (r=,179). Se concluye que el modelo de periodismo deportivo descansa sobre dos funciones fundamentales, la de crear opinión y la de entretener, mientras que solo los diarios nativos digitales se alejan ligeramente al mostrarse más críticos.

This study aims to explore the presence of ”China threat” and the securitization of China in Swedish print media. The key objective is to measure the portrayal of China as a threat and if/how that representation has changed during the time period 2012-2022. This is studied through a frame analysis investigating China as an ideological, military, and economic threat. The study shows that the usage of portraying China as an ideological, military and/or economic threat is indeed present and increasing during the period, with a peak of publications in 2019. All frames are used by all studied newspapers, and there is a growing trend visualized through the data. This trend demonstrates that the perspective of China as a threat has become more normative in reporting, proving the notion of that securitization as a speech act is in fact present in the investigated time period. The articles are not portraying China as a direct threat to the readers in Sweden, but rather through ways of causal interpretation and moral evaluation that conceives China as a threat to the liberal international order. The most frequently used attributions are within the ideological threat frame, the second most used frame is the military one closely followed by the usage of attributions from the economic frame. Understanding how China is framed and perceived in Swedish print media can be useful in the exploration of the nuanced phenomena of Sweden-China relations, completed and future policy interventions, and to understand the influences of opinion that the readers might receive to secure an informed, impartial, and globally aware society. This study can be seen as an ignition towards further research in this nestled marvel of securitization and global politics.

There are two version, in English and Spanish, [EN] The current affordances of ICT have – in the past decade – dramatically increased the exposure of students to the number of various digital texts they use or are exposed to when acquiring an additional language. The print media has been supplemented or even sometimes substituted by the digital media at all levels of education, including higher education and university curricula. Various research has recently been conducted into the role of digital media in L2 acquisition and this paper attempts to systematically summarize the results of this research, with a specific focus on reading comprehension. This systematic review follows the PRISMA guidelines (Page et al., 2021). The 2010-2021 studies from Scopus and the Web of Science dealing with the topic have been collected and analysed. Only experimental studies in peer-reviewed research journal papers have been included in the search. By applying this protocol review, 15 papers were selected for a synthesis. The results were classified as: (a) effect of media on reading comprehension, (b) pedagogical implications, (c) future research directions. The study concludes with some discussion and implications for researchers and practitioners from two perspectives: basic or fundamental Second Language Acquisition (FSLA) and instructed Second Language acquisition (ISLA)., [ES] En la última década, las posibilidades que ofrecen hoy las TIC han aumentado drásticamente la exposición de los estudiantes a diversos textos digitales que utilizan o a los que están expuestos cuando adquieren una lengua extranjera. Los medios impresos se han visto complementados o incluso a veces sustituidos por los medios digitales en todos los niveles de la enseñanza, incluidos los planes de estudio de la enseñanza superior y universitaria. En los últimos tiempos se han llevado a cabo diversas investigacionessobre el papel de los medios digitales en la adquisición de L2 y este artículo pretende resumir sistemáticamente los resultados de dichas investigaciones, centrándose específicamente en la comprensión lectora. Esta revisión sistemática sigue las directrices PRISMA (Page et al., 2021). Se han recopilado y analizado los estudios de 2010-2021 de Scopus y de Web of Science que tratan el tema. Sólo se han incluido en la búsqueda estudios experimentales en artículos de revistas de investigación revisados por pares. Aplicando este protocolo de revisión, se seleccionaron 15 trabajos para realizar una síntesis. Los resultados se clasificaron en: (a) efecto de los medios en la comprensión lectora, (b) implicaciones pedagógicas, (c) futuras direcciones de investigación. El estudio concluye con algunas discusiones e implicaciones para investigadores y profesionales desde dos perspectivas: la adquisición básica o fundamental de segundas lenguas (FSLA, en sus siglas en inglés) y la adquisición instruida de segundas lenguas (ISLA, en sus siglas inglés).

Around the turn of the twenty-first century, American journalism is undergoing an existential crisis provoked by the emergence of digital and networked communication. As the economic model of producing journalism is undergoing significant changes, this study argues that the crisis of journalism is primarily a cultural crisis of valuation. Because the practices that traditionally defined the exclusivity of journalism as a form of public communication have been transposed to the online and digital environment through social media and blogs, such practices no longer value journalism in the same terms like in the age of mass media. The key to understanding the cultural crisis of journalism in the present, this study argues, is to revise the traditional narrative and its associated terminologies of the institutionalization of journalism. Journalism is thus defined as a structure of public communication, which needs to be enacted by producers and audiences alike to become socially meaningful. The consequence of seeing journalism as a structure sustained through social practices is that it allows to see the relation between audiences and their journalistic media as constitutive for the social function of new media in journalism. Through the analytically central dimension of practice, the study presents key moments in the history of modern journalism, where the meaning of new media was negotiated. These moments include the emergence of topical news media oriented toward a mass market (the penny press in the 1830s) and the definition of a schema of objectivity which valued journalistic practice in professional and scientific terms around the turn of the twentieth century in analogy to photographic media. In each phase, material, cognitive and social practices helped to define the value of a given new medium for journalism. Through the schemas of topicality and objectivity, journalistic practice institutionalized a privileged structure of public communication. The legacy of d

Die Aufgabe der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) ist es, verantwortungsbewusstes und gesundheitsgerechtes Verhalten der Bevölkerung zu förden. Dazu gehören beispielsweise die Prävention von HIV und anderen sexuell übertragbaren Infektionen, die Suchtprävention und die Organspende. Die Strategien, Methoden und Konzepte zur Erfüllung dieser Aufgaben sind im stetigen Wandel. Sie orientieren sich an aktuellen Präventionskonzepten und einem zeitgenössischen themen- und zielgruppenspezifischen Medienmix. Dazu gehören zum Beispiel Ausstellungen, die nicht museal entrückt, sondern in das Setting der Bevölkerung geholt und aufmerksamkeitserregend in Innenstädten und Schulen aufgebaut werden. Während Plakate mit einprägsamen Slogans im Straßenbild für ein unmittelbares Wahrnehmen und Verstehen im Vorbeigehen eingesetzt werden, dienen Printbroschüren der Vermittlung von neuen oder umfangreichen Informationen. Im Gegensatz zu diesen historisch relativ konstanten Medienarten sind audiovisuelle Medien einem stärkeren und ständigem Wandel unterworfen, zu dem seit den 1990er Jahren das Internet hinzukam. Auf die seit den späteren 1980er Jahren in TV und Kino eingesetzten Filmspots folgen im Internetzeitalter nach Zielgruppen ausdifferenzierte Webpräsenzen mit neuen audiovisuellen Formaten. Erklärvideos, Podcast und Kanäle auf Youtube und Instagram sollen vor allem auch jüngere Menschen zeitgemäß ansprechen., The Federal Centre for Health Education (Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung) is charged with the promotion of responsible and healthy behavior among the population. This includes, for example, the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, addiction prevention and organ donation. The strategies, methods and concepts used to fulfill these tasks are constantly changing. They are based on current prevention concepts and a contemporary mix of media specific to topics and target groups. These include, for example, exhibitions that are not designed for museum but put into the setting of the population and set up in downtown areas and schools to attract attention. While posters with bold slogans are used to grasp attention and quick understanding of people passing by, print brochures are used to convey new or extensive information. In contrast to these historically relatively constant media, audio-visual media is subject to a more profound and permanent change to which the Internet came along in the 1990s. TV and cinema commercials used since the later 1980s were now gradually replaced by Internet presence differentiated according to target groups and completed with new audio-visual formats. With explanatory videos, a podcast, and a presence on YouTube and Instagram, among others, channels are being used that appeal to young people in particular.

Dieser Band beschreibt das Mediensystem im Alten Reich nicht als eine Summe einzelner Mediengeschichten, weist auch nicht auf die Faszination der Anfänge ("Erfindung" der Zeitung u.ä.) hin, sondern stellt den Zusammenhang der Medien untereinander dar, aber auch ihre Abhängigkeit von Infrastrukturen wie Post und Buchgewerbe. Nicht zuletzt wird der Blick auch auf die bisher wenig beachtete Leserperspektive gelenkt. Das Mediensystem des Alten Reiches wird somit als ein System angesehen, dessen einzelne Elemente miteinander in Verbindung standen und einander wechselseitig beeinflussten. Die Aufsätze befassen sich mit den buchbezogenen Gewerben und den Beziehungen der entsprechenden Berufsgruppen untereinander sowie mit der besonderen Struktur der Reichspost, die als Voraussetzung und Teil der frühneuzeitlichen Medienrevolution aufgefasst wird. Sie beschäftigen sich mit einzelnen, auch selten untersuchten Medien - geschriebenen Zeitungen, Flugblättern und Flugschriften; Hof- und Staatskalendern, gedruckten Zeitungen, Festbeschreibungen - und stellen diese Medien zugleich in die Zusammenhänge mit ihrer Produktion, der Beschaffung und Verbreitung von Nachrichten und der Aufnahme bei den Lesern.

Mit digitalisierten Zeitungen und digitalen Zeitungsportalen hat sich im Laufe der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte für die historische Presseforschung eine grundlegend neue Forschungs- und Quellensituation herausgebildet. Trotzdem fallen digitale Methoden und Werkzeuge in der pressehistorischen Methodenpraxis bislang kaum ins Gewicht und ebenso wird die Quellenpraxis mit digitalisierten Zeitungen selten thematisiert. In diesem Sinne stellt der Beitrag die Fragen, welche spezifischen epistemischen und quellenkritischen Praktiken für den Umgang mit Zeitungen vonnöten sind, wenn sie als digitale Objekte bzw. Ressourcen vorliegen, und wie pressehistorische Forschungsprozesse in digitalen Kontexten modelliert und operationalisiert werden können. Als Beispiel dient hierfür die digitalisierte Ausgabe der Berliner Volkszeitung (1890-1930), die das Zeitungsinformationssystem ZEFYS der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz zum europäischen Zeitungsportal Europeana Newspapers metadaten- und volltexterschlossen beigesteuert hat. Neben einer medien- und zeithistorischen Einordnung werden entlang der praktischen digitalen Forschung mit dem Zeitungskorpus drei Forschungsdimensionen systematisch diskutiert und mit Beispielen illustriert: (1.) Digitales Kuratieren, (2.) Metadaten und (3.) Text Mining.

Immer noch gibt es in der deutschen Fußballbundesliga der Herren keinen einzigen aktiven als homosexuell geouteten Fußballspieler. Kampf, Männlichkeit und Leistung - Attribute, die scheinbar nicht zu einem schwulen Athleten passen, aber mit dem Fußball seit jeher assoziiert sind. Im Sport herrscht die Norm der Zweigeschlechtlichkeit vor, im Fußball dominiert einzig die Norm der Heterosexualität. Mit der Initiative #ihrkönntaufunszählen macht die Zeitschrift 11 Freunde darauf aufmerksam - und stellt diese Norm scheinbar infrage. In diesem Beitrag wird die darauf bezogene mediale Diskussion anhand einer qualitativen Fallstudie ausgewählter Printmedien untersucht. Denn Sport und Medien sind eng miteinander verknüpft. Es zeigt sich eine begrenzte Berichterstattung: Die heterosexuelle Perspektive bestimmt auch diese Debatte, die gesellschaftswirkliche Verhandlung von Homosexualität im Fußball wird auf die Zukunft verlagert., Until today, no active male football player in Germany's Bundesliga has outed himself as homosexual. The spirit of the fight, masculinity, and high performance - attributes that seemingly do not fit a gay athlete but have always been associated with football. In sports, the two-gender hegemony prevails; in male football it is reinforced with the expectations of heterosexual normativity. With the initiative #ihrkönntaufunszählen, the magazine 11 Freunde draws attention to this - and seemingly challenges this norm. This paper examines the media discourse in this regard using a qualitative case study of selected print media. After all, sports and the media are closely intertwined. A limited coverage emerges. The heterosexual perspective determines the debate, the societal negotiation of homosexuality in football is postponed to the future.

Tageszeitungsverlage im deutschsprachigen Raum stehen weiterhin vor großen Herausforderungen die digitale Transformation zu meistern. Dabei müssen die Medienhäuser insbesondere auch den Wandel von einer analogen zu einer digitalen Vertriebsorganisation bewerkstelligen. Die Wahl der Vertriebswege ist eng an die normativen Aufgaben von Journalismus geknüpft, Öffentlichkeit herzustellen, in der gesellschaftliche Diskurse effektiv geführt werden können. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die analoge sowie die digitale Vertriebsorganisation mit einem Fokus auf verlagseigenen Vertrieb am Beispiel von automatisierten Recommender-Systemen sowie verlagsfremden Vertrieb in Form von neuen Intermediären wie Online-Kiosken, Social Media-Plattformen, Suchmaschinen sowie Service-Intermediären. Damit legt das Kapitel eine Grundlage zum Entwurf einer digitalen Vertriebsmatrix zum Erhalt der gesellschaftlichen Funktion tagesaktueller Verlagsmedien., Daily newspaper publishers in German-speaking countries continue to face significant challenges in mastering the digital transformation. In particular, the media houses must also manage the change from an analogue to a digital distribution organisation. The choice of distribution channels is closely linked to the normative tasks of journalism to create a public sphere in which social discourse can be effectively conducted. This article describes the analogue and the digital distribution organisation with a focus on in-house managed distribution using the example of automated recommender systems as well as external distribution by new intermediaries such as online kiosks, social media platforms, search engines, and service intermediaries. The chapter thus lays a foundation for designing a digital distribution matrix to maintain the social function of daily publishing media.

Der Beitrag untersucht mittels kritischer Diskursanalyse die mediale Bearbeitung des rechtsterroristischen Anschlags von Halle (Saale) im Oktober 2019 in den drei größten Qualitätstageszeitungen Deutschlands. Ausgehend von Theorien der Zivilreligion und des kollektiven Gedächtnisses argumentieren wir, dass Journalist*innen als memory agents angesichts von Rechtsterrorismus im Sinn der deutschen Basiserzählung handeln. Dazu zeigen wir anhand identifizierter Diskursstränge, wie Schuldabwehr, positive Wir-Konstruktion und securitisation von Rechtsextremismus zusammenhängen. Wir argumentieren folglich, dass die mediale Bearbeitung dieses Anschlags gerade nicht dazu dient, politische Antworten auf Rechtsextremismus zu finden, sondern Diskurse (re-)produziert, die eine gesamtgesellschaftliche Auseinandersetzung damit behindern., Employing critical discourse analysis, this contribution examines media coverage of the Halle (Saale) terrorist attack of October 2019 in the three most important daily broadsheets in Germany. Utilising theories of civil religion and collective memory, we argue that facing far-right terrorism, journalists act as memory agents in accordance with the German basis narrative. Examining the lines of discourse, we show how deflection of guilt, a positive we-construction and the securitisation of far-right extremism are interlinked. Thus, we argue that media coverage of this attack (re)produces discourses, which are not suitable to further political answers to right-wing extremism but rather hinder a public debate.

Der Kurzbeitrag widmet sich der Frage, wie illustrierte Journale als mediale Neuerfindung des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts "Welt.Wissen.Gestalte(te)n" und folgt dazu praktischen wie theoretischen Verbindungen zwischen Kunst und Wissenschaft, zwischen Wissensgeschichte und Wissenschaftsgeschichte., This short article is dedicated to the question of how illustrated journals as a medial invention of the early nineteenth century shaped social (world) knowledge, conflating practices and theories of both the arts and the sciences, the history of knowledge, and the history of the sciences.

"Großstädte sind unbestimmte Verheißungen", schreibt Curt Moreck in seinem "Führer durch das 'lasterhafte' Berlin" aus dem Jahr 1931. "Sie sind Konglomerate von unendlichen Möglichkeiten. Sie sind Labyrinthe, in denen die schönsten Straßen einen nicht ahnen lassen, wohin sie einen führen werden. Wen das Land hineinstößt, der fühlt sich hilflos und wird plötzlich von der Angst überfallen, das zu versäumen, was er kennenlernen möchte, das zu verpassen, was ihm einen Gewinn an Vergnügungen verspricht. [...] Man muß in diesem rauschenden Strudel untertauchen, sich darin verlieren, aber nicht ohne sich wiederzufinden. Man muß den Irrwegen nachgehen, aber nicht ohne das Ziel zu kennen. Man wird sich nach einem Führer umsehen müssen. Ohne den Führer verliert man kostbare Zeit, die man besser dem Genuß widmet. Man muß sich die Erfahrungen anderer zunutze machen."

"Die deutschen Juden, denen die neue Wendung nicht unerwartet kommen kann, haben ihre innere Ruhe und Würde zu wahren. Es ist selbstverständlich, daß das deutsche Judentum sich gegen jeden Versuch der formalen und tatsächlichen Entrechtung und Depossedierung mit allen Mitteln und aller Energie zur Wehr setzen wird. Diesen Kampf kann nur ein Judentum führen, das von unbeugsamem Stolz auf sein Volkstum erfüllt ist. Mit Versuchen der Anpassung und Selbstverleugnung ist es vorbei."

Programmzeitschriften stellen eine vielseitige Quelle für die Gesellschafts- und Kulturgeschichte dar. Die Rundfunk- und Familienzeitschrift "HÖR ZU" steht für den wohl legendärsten ökonomischen Erfolg einer illustrierten Zeitschrift in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. In den 1960er-Jahren wurde die Programmzeitschrift bei einer Auflage von mehr als vier Millionen Exemplaren bei einer wesentlich höheren Nutzungsrate von jedem dritten Bundesbürger gelesen. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie "HÖR ZU" das Reformklima in der Bundesrepublik von Mitte der 1960er- bis Mitte der 1970er-Jahre medial verarbeitete. Nach einer Betrachtung der Vorgeschichte und der innerredaktionellen Veränderung des Blattes unter dem Chefredakteur Hans Bluhm steht die Berichterstattung über Fernsehstars und -prominente im Mittelpunkt. Dabei wird untersucht, welche neuen Wert- und Denkmuster im Bereich von Ehe, Familie und privater Lebensführung postuliert wurden., Television program guides are a rich historical source for the study of society and culture. The radio and television guide as well as family magazine "HÖR ZU" represents the biggest economic success of an illustrated magazine in the Federal Republic of Germany. In the 1960s, with a circulation of more than four million - and a significantly higher audience - it was read by one out of three West Germans. This article shows how "HÖR ZU" assimilated and shaped the reform climate in the Federal Republic from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s through its media representation. After con-sidering the prior history of the magazine under its editor-in-chief Hans Bluhm, the article focuses on the coverage of television stars and personalities. It examines which new value and thought patterns were postulated in the area of marriage, family and personal life-style.

Obwohl die 1952 gegründete "Bild"-Zeitung seit Jahrzehnten die größte westdeutsche Tageszeitung ist, hat sich die Zeitgeschichtsforschung mit ihr bisher höchstens am Rande befasst. Der Aufsatz untersucht die Bedeutung von "Bild", indem er die Entwicklung des Blatts in den 1950er-Jahren analysiert. In diesem Jahrzehnt errang die Zeitung ihre überragende Stellung auf dem publizistischen Markt der Bundesrepublik; in dieselbe Zeit fällt auch der erste Versuch des Verlegers Axel Springer, das Blatt mit konkreten politischen Aufträgen zu lenken. Geprüft wird, wie die "Bild"-Redaktion die Direktiven des Verlegers in den Jahren 1957/58 umgesetzt hat. Dabei wird erkennbar, dass die Boulevardzeitung als bereits etablierter Markenartikel selbst von ihrem Eigentümer nur begrenzt verändert oder in eine bestimmte politische Richtung gelenkt werden konnte. Der Beitrag plädiert dafür, die Macht von "Bild" eher auf der lokalen Ebene zu suchen, und demonstriert diesen Ansatz am Beispiel von Hamburg. Dies ermöglicht auch allgemeinere Zugänge zur Mentalitäts- und Gefühlsgeschichte der Bundesrepublik., This article explores the history of Bild, West Germany's best-selling tabloid. During the 1950s, Bild rapidly achieved a dominant position in West Germany's newspaper market; during the same decade, Axel Springer, the paper's publisher, began to determine the political bias of Bild. By drawing attention to marked differences between Springer’s instructions and the paper’s content in 1957/58, the author argues that the character of Bild limited Springer's capacity to use the paper for political purposes. The article suggests that the powerful impact of Bild on politics and society can be best observed on a local level, and demonstrates this by focusing on Hamburg as a case study. On a broader level, the case of Bild offers insight into the history of mentalities and emotions in the Federal Republic of Germany.

A radical process of standardization of tourist destinations around the globe, particularly in urban contexts, has been described by numerous scholars during the last decades. Indeed, the reinvention of many cities as tourist destinations has made evident 'an odd paradox: whereas the appeal of tourism is the opportunity to see something different, cities that are remade to attract tourists seem more and more alike'. In such a context, both scholars and practitioners point to abstract elements such as images, identities, flairs, and experiences, as the main elements defining destinations' profiles. The American historian Catherine Cocks argued that the attribution of a 'personality' to the city was a key aspect in the transformation of American cities into tourist destinations. Urban personalities made the city easily available, readable and intelligible, transformed it into a salable commodity, and offered a compelling reason to visit it and to come back. Similarly, contemporary European cities can be seen as bearers of specific local urban identities that remain relatively fixed even when information, stereotypes and attributes may prove to be inaccurate or simply false. Wolfgang Kaschuba has in this sense described the production of urban identities as a cultural technique that is predominantly performed in certain societal spaces such as literature, tourism, mass media, pop culture, and history marketing. This article focuses on one of such spaces, tourism, and explores how tourist communication transforms Berlin into a distinct and unique destination. It asks how the city is enacted by tourism as a singular and bounded entity, to which multiple orderings of identity are attributed.

Zodwa Wabantu, a South African celebrity recently made popular by the Daily Sun, a local tabloid newspaper, is notorious as an older working-class woman who fearlessly challenges social norms of feminine respectability and beauty. Her assertion of sexual autonomy and her forays into self-surveillance and body-modification, mediated by the Daily Sun and other tabloid and social media platforms, could be read as a local iteration of a global postfeminist subjectivity. However, the widespread social opprobrium she faces must be accounted for: Using Connell's model of the gender order together with a coloniality frame, I argue that northern critiques of postfeminism omit to consider the forms of patriarchy established by colonialism in southern locales such as South Africa. The local patriarchal gender order, made visible within the tabloid reportage, provides the context within which the meaning of Zodwa Wabanu's contemporary postfeminist identity is constructed. I examine a range of Zodwa Wabantu's (self)representations in Daily Sun and other digital media in the light of this context, and conclude that a close examination of the local gender order assists in understanding the limits of postfeminism's hegemony.

In the variegated print culture of eighteenth-century England, gossip’s power shapes new media forms, creates communities and profits, and destroys reputations. This dissertation argues that gossip provides a template for personal and communal exchanges in the century’s emerging media forms, including novels, periodicals, and engravings, media that often create textual worlds predicated upon its logic. Each chapter locates gossip via a physical space in London, framing case studies of the coffeehouse, tea table, and brothel. I analyze these locations via multiple texts: 1720s biographies of sex worker Sally Salisbury; novels such as Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa (1747) and Daniel Defoe’s Roxana (1724); periodicals including the popular The Lady’s Magazine (1770–1818), the obscure The Tea-Table (1724), and the racy Harris’s List of Covent-Garden Ladies (1761–93); and a range of popular engravings such as William Hogarth’s A Harlot’s Progress (1732). This archival breadth demonstrates how gossip both helps create these works and shapes their reception and remediation in the cultural imagination.Print’s proliferation echoes gossip’s own functions and circulations: the seemingly countless reiterations and remediations, the conversations about people one will likely never meet, the difficulties of tracing materials back to their ultimate source, and the continued concerns about truth or authenticity. I argue that the preoccupation with truth and authenticity in these print forms is evidence of an underlying unease with gossip’s reputation and power, even as gossip provides the means for growth and profit, both financial and social. Understanding gossip’s often contradictory aspects—it works to critique, but also affirm, social norms; creates community networks, but also exclusive inner circles; and transmits vital or simply diverting information—thus highlights its facility in transcending genres, gender, and even temporality.

The independence of journalism and pluralism are fundamental components of freedom of expression, frequently invoked by the media to defend or criticize proposals for media regulation. However, its media coverage has received little attention from public policy studies. In order to account for the changes and continuities in the discourse on editorial independence in two communication media, this paper analyzes the evolution of coverage on media regulation in the Argentine newspapers Clarín and Página/12 over four decades. We examined the articles published on media and telecommunications regulation projects (n=140) during the years 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018. This work contributes to the literature on the links between journalistic ideals and practice, identifying the use of different strategies by newspapers to defend their position throughout the period. In the conclusions, we reflect on the distance between the journalistic ideal and professional practice in a concentrated and polarized media scene., La independencia del periodismo y el pluralismo son componentes fundamentales de la libertad de expresión, invocados de manera frecuente por los medios de comunicación para defender o criticar propuestas de regulación de medios. Sin embargo, la cobertura mediática sobre este tema ha recibido escasa atención por parte de los estudios de política públicas. Este trabajo analiza la evolución de la cobertura sobre regulación de medios en los diarios argentinos Clarín y Página/12 a lo largo de cuatro décadas, para dar cuenta de los cambios y continuidades en el discurso sobre independencia editorial en dos medios. Para ello, se examinan los artículos publicados durante los años 1988, 1998, 2008 y 2018 sobre regulación y proyectos de regulación de medios y telecomunicaciones (n=140). Este trabajo contribuye a la literatura sobre los vínculos entre los ideales y la práctica periodística, identificando la utilización de diferentes estrategias de los dos diarios para defender su posición a lo largo de los años analizados. En las conclusiones, reflexiona sobre la distancia entre el ideal periodístico y la práctica profesional, en una escena mediática concentrada y polarizada.&nbsp

The emergence and spread of HIV/aids was a global phenomenon that began in the 1980’s and was swiftly incorporated into journalistic agendas. Argentina’s print media was no exception. Through the description and analysis of articles on the subject published in Argentine newspapers and magazines from that decade, it is observed how a gradual appearance turned, since 1985, into an overabundance of scarcely hierarchized news, with a profusion of voices with various degrees of relevance and contradictory messages, which generated an information chaos. At the same time, there is an examination of the representations that these media outlets put in circulation, their changes, and the sensationalistic ways of reporting on the new virus and the new disease., A emergência e disseminação do HIV foi um fenômeno global que se iniciou na década de 80 e que rapidamente foi incorporado às agendas dos jornais e a prensa gráfica argentina não foi a exceção. A través da descrição e análise de artigos publicados sobre o tema em jornais e revistas argentinas daquela época, observa-se como sua aparição gradual acabou, desde 1985, em uma sobre abundância de notícias raramente hierarquizadas, com múltiplas vozes de diferentes níveis de relevância e mensagens contraditórias, que produziam caos informativo. Por sua vez, analisam-se as representações que colocaram em circulação esses jornais, suas mudanças e as maneiras sensacionalistas de informar sobre o novo vírus e a nova doença., La emergencia y diseminación del VIH/sida fue un fenómeno global que se inició en la década de 1980 y que rápidamente fue incorporado a las agendas periodísticas. La prensa gráfica argentina no fue la excepción. Por medio de la descripción y el análisis de notas sobre el tema publicadas en diarios y revistas argentinos de esa década, se observa cómo su aparición gradual devino, desde 1985, en una sobreabundancia de noticias escasamente jerarquizadas, con una multiplicidad de voces de distinto grado de relevancia y mensajes contradictorios, que producían un caos informativo. A la vez, se analizan las representaciones que pusieron en circulación esos medios de prensa, sus cambios y los modos sensacionalistas de informar sobre el nuevo virus y la nueva enfermedad.

女性吸纸烟是清末民国时期中国的一幅独特社会图景。自1900年至1949年，女性吸烟者大多分布在以上海为中心的东南沿海大城市中，由妓女率先作为吸烟的“摩登女性”，之后家庭主妇、职业妇女甚至女学生等也加入了吸纸烟的阵营。这一时期社会上针对女性戒吸纸烟运动的言论层出不穷，其主题随着社会历史背景产生变化，但这些言论并未产生明显效果，女性吸纸烟依然是一个流行现象。这种现象产生的原因较为复杂，包括清代女性吸烟传统的延续、西方女性影响以及印刷媒体和商品观念的引导等。 Female smoking is a peculiar phenomenon in late Qing and Republican China. From 1900 to 1949, female smokers are cheifly distributed in coastal metropolis in southeast China centering in Shanghai. In these areas, modern courtesans took the leading in smoking, and later on, housewives, professional women and even female students all took part in smoking. During this period, there were endless movements and discourses about cigarette quitting which aimed particularly at women, however, they did not result in any significant effect and female smoking continued to be fashionable. The reason of this circumstance is rather complicated, e.g., the continuity of female smoking tradition in the Qing dynasty, the influence of western female, as well as the guidance of print media and commercial culture.

This paper examined cartooning in the print media as a form of reporting. Cartooning generally requires a measure of creativity and ability to depict issues and events in pictorial fashion. The use of cartoons has been a long standing feature of the print media, specifically newspapers and magazines. Caricature as a form of art had existed for a very long time in Nigeria before the belief that this form of satirisation in Nigeria is a colonial innovation. The Punch, The Guardian, This Day, The Sun, Vanguard, The Nation, Tell, Newswatch, etc., all publish cartoons and comic strips on social, political and economic affairs of the country or as illustrations of some editorial matter. Cartoons are funny drawings on newspapers and magazines making caricature of societal ills or maladministration. The primary function of the cartoon is communication. Cartoon was originally a sketch for a large canvas or fresco painting for architectural drawings, for tapestry design or for pictures in mosaic or glass. At present, cartoon has no doubt become an indispensable part of modern journalism. The article is however, anchored on two theories: social responsibility theory and agenda-setting theory. The researcher highlighted three major types of newspaper cartoons, which are: comic strips, political cartoons and gag cartoons. While considering the prominence and personality involved in drawing cartoon, the cartoonist also has to consider the timeliness of the issue being presented to the readers. The researcher identified some of the functions/roles of newspaper cartoons, among which is that cartoon provides readers with the platform of the formation of public opinion. The researcher concluded that cartoons published in newspapers are the critiques of the issues, personalities and institutions of the current situation as it can be said that cartoons are the chronicle of the current history. The researcher therefore, recommend that Art Reporting should be stand as a separate course i

In the recent past, radio has played an important role in our lives. When radio was invented, it was able to attract a larger audience than print media. Unexpectedly, the "Radio Revolution"led to a small decline in the print media. But more recently, television networks have begun to denigrate radio networks. In this article, the ability of television networks to display radio features (sound) and the use of image as a primary weapon put an end to the "radio revolution",and television systems began to fight for their place in the media world. In the article you will get a brief overview of this struggle

Print media discourses are highly polarized. Different linguistic and meta-linguistic moves are employed to represent the same issue under different socio-political themes. This study decodes the semiotic discourses of two (02) Pakistani English and Urdu newspapers (Dawn & Jang) about the representation of COVID-19 related issues. This has been done to broaden the canvas of the research by including English and Urdu newspapers’ readership. The time span for data collection ranges from March 15, 2020, to May 15, 2020. The integrated research approach used in the study has been devised by drawing upon Kress (2010) and Krueger (2001) to analyze the data at linguistic and semiotic levels. The findings of semiotic analysis have been validated through focus group discussions on the selected cartoons from English and Urdu newspapers. The findings of the research reveal that the representation of COVID- 19 related issues varies in English and Urdu newspapers. The most frequently occurred themes in English newspapers about the representation of covid19 related issues include economic downfall, danger to the worlds’ economy, the clash between America and China, delays in vaccine production, and food and health insecurity at national and international levels. On contrary, the Urdu newspapers highlighted the issues related to corruption, the oil crisis, a satire on the general masses for not observing SOPs, a satire on health ministry, and poverty increase because of lockdown policies. The research contends that semiotic discourses are the best sites for ideological investment and are designed keeping in view the target audience.

Iranian newspapers have traditionally relied on state aids and public budget to survive. The dependency has still lingered amid a change of policy that has affected the newspapers’ financial status. This article invokes the available data on governmental support to examine the political economy of newspapers in Iran during the two decades of 1990s and 2000s. The data were collected from official releases by the Iranian Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance as well as several nonconfidential internal bulletins of the newspaper organizations. Having applied an income-expense analysis, the paper explains the government’s role in newspaper economics and discusses the policy of repurposing the existing subsidies., Los periódicos iraníes han dependido tradicionalmente de las ayudas estatales y del presupuesto público para sobrevivir. La dependencia aún persiste en medio de un cambio de política que ha afectado la situación financiera de los periódicos. Este artículo invoca los datos disponibles sobre el apoyo gubernamental para examinar la economía política de los periódicos en Irán durante las dos décadas de 1990 y 2000. Los datos se obtuvieron de comunicados oficiales del Ministerio de Cultura y Orientación Islámica de Irán, así como de varios boletines internos no confidenciales de las organizaciones de periódicos. Habiendo aplicado un análisis de ingresos y gastos, el documento explica el papel del gobierno en la economía de los periódicos y discute la política de reutilización de los subsidios existentes.

Information plays a crucial role in every society. The media of every society is responsible for transmitting assorted information to a wide range of diverse audiences through multiple channels, including newspapers, magazines, radio, television and of course, the new media (Internet). In a world where the Internet is becoming the fastest growing medium, technologies like computers and smartphones now enable people to access online news sites to read stories and share with others. Printed newspapers, particularly in Nigeria, have managed to thrive over the years, despite projections of its extinction by some communication experts. Using the Mediamorphosis theory as a base, this study takes readers on a journey to understanding the survival strategies employed by older mediums like the printed newspapers to weather the new media storm. Complimentarily, opinions of purposively selected respondents from Zaria, Kaduna state (n=115) were analysed to determine the motives behind their preference of either online or hardcopy papers. Findings supported the view that in many settings still, there will be those who prefer to read the news the old way and that the new media, as at this time, mainly serve as a functional complement and not an outright replacement to traditional newspapers. The study recommends fact-checking, better marketing as strategies to bridge a credibility gap reported by respondents to exist in the use of both mediums.

Als das Institut für Zeitgeschichte 2005 ankündigte, dass es in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Bundesarchiv und dem Lehrstuhl für Neuere und Neueste Geschichte an der Universität Freiburg eine ambitionierte 16-bändige Quellenedition zur Geschichte des Holocaust starten werde, mögen manche Fachkollegen und interessierte Laien verwundert gewesen sein. Wie zeitgemäß kann ein solches Vorhaben noch sein - angesichts rasanter technischer Veränderungen und damit verbundener Möglichkeiten der Speicherung und Verbreitung von in den Archiven 'eingelesenen' Akten? Demgegenüber lässt sich die Ansicht vertreten, dass die professionelle Durchführung eines derartigen Projekts längst überfällig war. Wie der Mitherausgeber Dieter Pohl treffend argumentiert hat, ist es trotz mancher Versäumnisse der vergangenen Jahrzehnte und ungeachtet aller Widrigkeiten zu einem Paradigmenwechsel gekommen - vor allem in der systematischen Erfassung des erhaltenen Materials durch die internationale Vernetzung verschiedener Forschungsgemeinschaften.

The article examines the socio-demographic characteristics of Russian print media readership along with a content analysis of press publications with a view of understanding the role of media in shaping public opinion from the perspective of theory and practice of strategic communication. A timely example of a resonant social process is considered in retrospect, showing the insufficient effectiveness of strategic government communications in Russia and the problems of information interaction in society. Several hypotheses were defined on the ways to improve the effectiveness of government strategic communications. Based on the research results, the authors suggest ways to optimize this practice, aimed at achieving more holistic and desired results in terms of stability and sustainability of socio-economic processes. The study determined that the use of complex tools and one-way communication methods through print media is not enough for effective “implementation” of the state’s position on the solution of the problem situation.

Der Bericht stellt Ergebnisse einer Fallstudie bei Süddeutsche Zeitung (SZ) und süddeutsche.de vor, die im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts zur Rolle von Publikumsbeteiligung im professionellen, redaktionell organisierten Journalismus in Deutschland durchgeführt wurde. Auf Grundlage eines theoretisch-analytischen Modells, das Partizipation als Zusammenspiel von Inklusionsleistungen und Inklusionserwartungen auf Seiten des Journalismus und des Publikums versteht, werden Befunde aus qualitativen Interviews mit Redaktionsmitgliedern (n= 10) und Lesern bzw. Nutzern unterschiedlichen Aktivitätsgrads (n= 8) sowie aus standardisierten Befragungen der Journalisten (n= 139) sowie der Nutzer von süddeutsche.de (n= 525) vorgestellt. Auf journalistischer Seite kann so nachgezeichnet werden, wie ein etabliertes und reichweitenstarkes nachrichtenjournalistisches Format im Konvergenzbereich von Print und Online Publikumsbeteiligung organisiert und wie sich im Hinblick hierauf journalistische Einstellungen und Selbstbilder darstellen. Hierbei lassen sich sowohl Anzeichen von Konvergenz als auch Komplementarität beobachten: Einerseits erzeugen die vorrangig online relevanten Formen der Publikumsbeteiligung auch "Ausstrahlungseffekte" in Printredaktion und -produkt. Andererseits folgen beide Angebote unterschiedlichen Ausrichtungen, die sich insbesondere aus nicht deckungsgleichen Publika sowie den jeweiligen Medienspezifka und Produktionsroutinen ergeben bzw. redaktionsseitig mit diesen begründet werden. Sie führen zu unterschiedlichen Zuständigkeiten für und Einstellungen gegenüber Publikumsbeteiligung. Auf Publikumsseite lässt sich außerdem rekonstruieren, in welchem Umfang partizipative Angebote wahrgenommen werden, wie sich das Publikumsbild der Nutzer gestaltet, welche Beteiligungsmotive vorherrschen sowie welche Erwartungen an die journalistischen Leistungen der Süddeutschen und an Formen der Publikumsbeteiligung bestehen. Der Abgleich beider Seiten erlaubt es zudem, Aussagen ü

Nationalist discourse has been identified as a driving factor in the causal chain linking democratization to the likelihood of ethnic conflicts, due to its nature of polarizing us against others along ethnic lines. However, we lack systematic knowledge of the structure and dynamics of this polarization. Adding to the established practices of analysing in-group/out-group divisions in ideological and political discourses, this article proposes an innovative way of measuring the divisiveness of nationalist discourse using social network analysis. Instead of looking at direct nationalist interaction between actors, deeper discursive structures are found by analysing indirect relationships across actors, based on their nationalist interaction with third parties. In this manner, it is possible to identify whether certain actors form structurally similar clusters, based on whom they direct their nationalist appeals to, how intense these appeals are towards specific actors, and what other groups they are targeted by themselves. By applying the measure of Structural Equivalence to the original data on nationalist appeals obtained from the quantitative content analysis of the Georgian print media across the 20 years of its democratization (1991-2012), this article shows that the actor structure of nationalist discourse conveys information on group polarization. Further, it demonstrates that the divisiveness of this discourse in Georgia became sharper during electoral periods, with the first two elections after independence being particularly dangerous in this regard.

Krebspatienten suchen häufig in Medien Informationen zu alternativen und komplementären Behandlungsmethoden (Complementary and Alternative Medicine - CAM). Die Medienberichterstattung darüber kann ihre Wahrnehmung und ihre Entscheidungen beeinflussen. Diese Studie analysiert die Berichterstattung über CAM in Zeitschriften, die sich explizit an Krebspatient(inn)en richten, und nutzt hierfür das Framing-Konzept. Die Arbeit entstand im Rahmen des Projekts Kompetenznetzwerk Komplementärmedizin in der Onkologie (KOKON), das von der Deutsche Krebshilfe finanziert wurde., Objective: Cancer patients frequently use media to search for information on Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). Media coverage may influence their perception and decision making. Against the background of the framing concept, we analyze the portrayal of CAM in magazines that specifically address cancer patients. Methods: We conducted a quantitative content analysis of four highly circulated German cancer patient magazines (Befund Krebs, K-Journal Mensch & Krebs, Krebsmagazin, Leben? Leben!) that were available from November 2012 to April 2013. Results: In the sample of 39 articles, 137 CAM treatments were portrayed. Results show that the portrayal of CAM focuses on nutritional and metabolic approaches, exercise therapies and psychological approaches. It primarily takes a scientific perspective. CAM is mostly described in curative contexts and in a predominantly positive light. Explicit recommendations are rarely given. Conclusion: Patient education and informed decision‐making may be advanced by increasing journalists’ and medical professionals’ awareness for media coverage on CAM. Providers of mediated health information need to pay attention to a balanced and reflected portrayal of CAM. For healthcare and counselling professionals, pro‐active communication on media information is essential. Health communication research should address the interaction between patients, media information and medical experts.

In the recent past, radio has played an important role in our lives. When radio was invented, it was able to attract a larger audience than print media. Unexpectedly, the "Radio Revolution"led to a small decline in the print media. But more recently, television networks have begun to denigrate radio networks. In this article, the ability of television networks to display radio features (sound) and the use of image as a primary weapon put an end to the "radio revolution",and television systems began to fight for their place in the media world. In the article you will get a brief overview of this struggle

This paper examined cartooning in the print media as a form of reporting. Cartooning generally requires a measure of creativity and ability to depict issues and events in pictorial fashion. The use of cartoons has been a long standing feature of the print media, specifically newspapers and magazines. Caricature as a form of art had existed for a very long time in Nigeria before the belief that this form of satirisation in Nigeria is a colonial innovation. The Punch, The Guardian, This Day, The Sun, Vanguard, The Nation, Tell, Newswatch, etc., all publish cartoons and comic strips on social, political and economic affairs of the country or as illustrations of some editorial matter. Cartoons are funny drawings on newspapers and magazines making caricature of societal ills or maladministration. The primary function of the cartoon is communication. Cartoon was originally a sketch for a large canvas or fresco painting for architectural drawings, for tapestry design or for pictures in mosaic or glass. At present, cartoon has no doubt become an indispensable part of modern journalism. The article is however, anchored on two theories: social responsibility theory and agenda-setting theory. The researcher highlighted three major types of newspaper cartoons, which are: comic strips, political cartoons and gag cartoons. While considering the prominence and personality involved in drawing cartoon, the cartoonist also has to consider the timeliness of the issue being presented to the readers. The researcher identified some of the functions/roles of newspaper cartoons, among which is that cartoon provides readers with the platform of the formation of public opinion. The researcher concluded that cartoons published in newspapers are the critiques of the issues, personalities and institutions of the current situation as it can be said that cartoons are the chronicle of the current history. The researcher therefore, recommend that Art Reporting should be stand as a separate course i

Print media discourses are highly polarized. Different linguistic and meta-linguistic moves are employed to represent the same issue under different socio-political themes. This study decodes the semiotic discourses of two (02) Pakistani English and Urdu newspapers (Dawn & Jang) about the representation of COVID-19 related issues. This has been done to broaden the canvas of the research by including English and Urdu newspapers’ readership. The time span for data collection ranges from March 15, 2020, to May 15, 2020. The integrated research approach used in the study has been devised by drawing upon Kress (2010) and Krueger (2001) to analyze the data at linguistic and semiotic levels. The findings of semiotic analysis have been validated through focus group discussions on the selected cartoons from English and Urdu newspapers. The findings of the research reveal that the representation of COVID- 19 related issues varies in English and Urdu newspapers. The most frequently occurred themes in English newspapers about the representation of covid19 related issues include economic downfall, danger to the worlds’ economy, the clash between America and China, delays in vaccine production, and food and health insecurity at national and international levels. On contrary, the Urdu newspapers highlighted the issues related to corruption, the oil crisis, a satire on the general masses for not observing SOPs, a satire on health ministry, and poverty increase because of lockdown policies. The research contends that semiotic discourses are the best sites for ideological investment and are designed keeping in view the target audience.

Iranian newspapers have traditionally relied on state aids and public budget to survive. The dependency has still lingered amid a change of policy that has affected the newspapers’ financial status. This article invokes the available data on governmental support to examine the political economy of newspapers in Iran during the two decades of 1990s and 2000s. The data were collected from official releases by the Iranian Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance as well as several nonconfidential internal bulletins of the newspaper organizations. Having applied an income-expense analysis, the paper explains the government’s role in newspaper economics and discusses the policy of repurposing the existing subsidies., Los periódicos iraníes han dependido tradicionalmente de las ayudas estatales y del presupuesto público para sobrevivir. La dependencia aún persiste en medio de un cambio de política que ha afectado la situación financiera de los periódicos. Este artículo invoca los datos disponibles sobre el apoyo gubernamental para examinar la economía política de los periódicos en Irán durante las dos décadas de 1990 y 2000. Los datos se obtuvieron de comunicados oficiales del Ministerio de Cultura y Orientación Islámica de Irán, así como de varios boletines internos no confidenciales de las organizaciones de periódicos. Habiendo aplicado un análisis de ingresos y gastos, el documento explica el papel del gobierno en la economía de los periódicos y discute la política de reutilización de los subsidios existentes.