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The efficient distribution of goods in urban areas is a critical aspect of urban logistics, especially in densely populated regions such as the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. This study investigates strategies to optimize urban logistics through a comprehensive analysis of location and routing techniques focused on the industrial polygons within the area. We highlight how industrial displacement poses a significant challenge to urban logistic, primarily due to the need to accommodate growing urban populations and industries. To address this challenge, the study proposes the establishment of logistics centers in peripheral areas where key industrial polygons are located, where each designated to serve a specific service area. The research methodology is structured into two main components: a location analysis and a routing analysis. The location analysis evaluates the suitability of industrial estates in supporting the local population, considering factors such as location and available built area. Moreover, the routing analysis assesses the impact of industrial polygons on the city's network, focusing on optimizing routes to minimize distance traveled and associated environmental impacts. To address these research questions, operations research algorithms such as the maximum covering facility location problem and the capacitated vehicle routing problem were employed. Results from the location analysis highlight the inequality between industrial estates along the Llobregat River compared to those along the Besos River, particularly those near the urban core. This underscores the importance of strategic location planning in maximizing the efficiency and effectiveness of industrial activity. Furthermore, the routing analysis demonstrates significant benefits of a more distributed industrial space, including reduced distance traveled and associated benefits such as fewer vehicles on the roads and the externalities associated with them. These findings emphasize the importa

Demand forecasting is very crucial for companies in the FMCG sector especially in today’s dynamic market environment. The thesis explores the complicated nature of forecasting in an FMCG company, encompassing both long-term and short-term techniques. Long term forecasting works through carefully purging remaining inputs from other departments and a thorough analysis on sales data from previous year. These inputs are carefully calculated and incorporated into future projections with exactitude. Contrary to this, short term forecasting is traditionally carried out through dividing out of the long-term forecast while accounting for weekly fluctuations. However, this thesis presents a more intricate approach to short-term forecasting. This implies that it seeks to bring together long-term forecasts combined with weighted profile that varies across weeks including historical sales from two prior weeks, adjusted for unusual events and product anomalies. In addition, these promotions are accurately timed as per their respective weeks while comprehensive examination is done in order to validate the forecast with respect to past performance. The main goal of this thesis was therefore to assess whether or not the suggested short term forecasting approach was more effective than conventional methods. Through a comprehensive analysis of various parameters and metrics, the comparative study aims to identify the advantages and potential drawbacks of each methodology.

Effectively implementing innovations in agri-food supply chains (AFSCs) is contingent upon stakeholders’ preferences. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the objective of this research was to ascertain the degree of willingness among farmers, consumers, and various stakeholders (including processing companies, restaurants, and retailers) in the tomato supply chain of Catalonia (Spain) to shorten the chain and promote local procurement. Based on a set of social, economic, and environmental criteria encompassing sustainability in AFSCs, the results showed that economic factors, particularly profitability and affordability, were the key driving factors in the decisions of stakeholders. However, the considerable importance placed on strategic attributes, including local production, environmental sustainability, and product quality, particularly among consumers, seemed to present a chance to advocate for sustainable alternatives, such as short food supply chains (SFSCs). The AHP methodology facilitates differentiation with respect to the criteria of the decision-making process and serves as a valuable instrument for evaluating the reception of innovations within the AFSC and categorizing the stakeholders who exhibit the greatest interest in them. In order to improve the sustainability of agri-food systems, our findings may be incorporated into strategic plans developed by policymakers., This study belongs to the project Lab4Supply, “Multi-agent agri-food living labs for new supply chain Mediterranean systems. Towards more sustainable and competitive farming addressing consumers’ preferences and market changes”, funded under the PRIMA—Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area—programme-Section 2, Call 2020, Thematic Area Agri-food Value Chain. PRIMA Lab4supply received funding from participating National Research Agencies: in Spain, by “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación” (MCIN)—“Agencia Estatal de Investigación” (AEI) (DOI 10.13039/501100011033) and European Union—NextGenerationEU/PRTR, under grant agreement PCI2021-121923. The content of this paper reflects only the author’s view, and the funding agencies are not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

En este trabajo se presenta una investigación sobre la logística de última milla en el contexto del comercio electrónico para la ciudad de Terrassa. Se trata de un fenómeno que ha experimentado un crecimiento del 25% en los últimos cinco años y que plantea importantes retos para la movilidad urbana, el medio ambiente y la competitividad de las empresas. La investigación se fundamenta en el análisis exhaustivo de los datos obtenidos de empresas de última milla que operan en Terrassa. A partir de este análisis, se plantean nuevas soluciones para mejorar la logística de última milla en la ciudad, teniendo en cuenta aspectos como la estrategia, el impacto ambiental y el análisis financiero. Asimismo, se identifican las principales barreras económicas, técnicas, normativas y sociales que dificultan la distribución urbana de mercancías en Terrassa y se proponen recomendaciones para superarlas. También se evalúa cómo estas soluciones pueden ser aplicadas en un escenario real, teniendo en cuenta factores como la infraestructura existente, las regulaciones locales y las preferencias del consumidor. Finalmente, el trabajo tiene como objetivo contribuir al conocimiento y a la mejora de la logística de última milla en el ámbito del comercio electrónico, así como ofrecer recomendaciones para su transformación hacia un modelo óptimo y sostenible

El auge exponencial del comercio electrónico ha transformado el comportamiento del consumidor y ha intensificado su impacto ambiental. Este fenómeno ha añadido una capa de complejidad a la logística de entrega en la última milla en las áreas urbanas. Ante este desafío, se ha vuelto esencial desarrollar prácticas logísticas sostenibles para la distribución urbana de mercancías, un tema que ha cobrado relevancia en la actualidad. Los gobiernos municipales están implementando planes estratégicos, conocidos como DUM (Distribución urbana de mercancías) o EDUM (Estrategia Municipal de la Distribución Urbana de mercancías), con el objetivo de mitigar la contaminación generada por las entregas urbanas de paquetes. Este estudio se centra en las dinámicas de entrega de las plataformas de comercio electrónico en la ciudad de Terrassa. Su objetivo es evaluar el impacto ambiental generado por las entregas de mercancías en la última fase de la cadena logística. Se aborda también el crecimiento exponencial del comercio electrónico y su impacto ambiental en la logística de entrega en la última milla en las áreas urbanas. Los métodos empleados en este estudio incluyen un análisis detallado de la distribución urbana de mercancías en Barcelona y Terrassa, una investigación sobre el origen del impacto ambiental en el comercio electrónico de la última milla y un análisis exhaustivo de aproximadamente un millón de datos recopilados de las empresas de reparto de paquetería en Terrassa. Este análisis cubre varios aspectos, como el volumen de entregas por tipo de dirección y código postal, la evolución del volumen de entregas, el peso y las dimensiones de los paquetes, las distancias recorridas entre entregas, el coste del paquete por el envío en la última milla y los tipos de vehículos utilizados. Los resultados del estudio revelan los principales desafíos que enfrentan las empresas de distribución urbana de mercancías, que incluyen barreras económicas, técnicas, normativas y sociales. Se, L'auge exponencial del comerç electrònic ha transformat el comportament del consumidor i ha intensificat el seu impacte ambiental. Aquest fenomen ha afegit una capa de complexitat a la logística d’entrega en l'última milla en les àrees urbanes. Davant aquest desafiament, s'ha tornat essencial desenvolupar pràctiques logístiques sostenibles per a la distribució urbana de mercaderies, un tema que ha cobrat rellevància en l'actualitat. Els governs municipals estan implementant plans estratègics, coneguts com DUM (Distribució urbana de mercaderies) o EDUM (Estratègia Municipal de la Distribució Urbana de mercaderies 2022-2030), amb l'objectiu de mitigar la contaminació generada pels lliuraments urbans de paquets. Aquest estudi se centra en les dinàmiques d’entrega de les plataformes de comerç electrònic a la ciutat de Terrassa. El seu objectiu és avaluar l'impacte ambiental generat pels lliuraments de mercaderies en l'última fase de la cadena logística. S'aborda també el creixement exponencial del comerç electrònic i el seu impacte en la logística d’entrega en l'última milla en les àrees urbanes. Els mètodes emprats en aquest estudi inclouen una anàlisi detallada de la distribució urbana de mercaderies a Barcelona i Terrassa, una recerca sobre l'origen de l'impacte ambiental en el comerç electrònic de l'última milla i una anàlisi exhaustiva d'aproximadament un milió de dades recopilades de les empreses de repartiment de paqueteria a Terrassa. Aquesta anàlisi cobreix diversos aspectes, com el volum de lliuraments per tipus d'adreça i codi postal, l'evolució del volum de lliuraments, el pes i les dimensions dels paquets, les distàncies recorregudes entre lliuraments, el cost del paquet per l'enviament en l'última milla i els tipus de vehicles utilitzats. Els resultats de l'estudi revelen els principals desafiaments que enfronten les empreses de distribució urbana de mercaderies, que inclouen barreres econòmiques, tècniques, normatives i socials. Es presenten propostes per, The exponential rise in e-commerce has transformed consumer behaviour and has intensified its environmental impact. This phenomenon has added a layer of complexity to last mile delivery logistics in urban areas. Faced with this challenge, it has become essential to develop sustainable logistics practices for the urban package distribution, an issue that has become relevant today. Municipal governments are implementing strategic plans, known as DUM (Urban Freight Distribution) or EDUM (Municipal Strategy for Urban Freight Distribution 2022-2030), with the aim of mitigating pollution generated by urban packet deliveries. This study focuses on the dynamics of delivery of e-commerce platforms in the city of Terrassa. Its objective is to assess the environmental impact generated by deliveries of packages in the last phase of the logistics chain. It also addresses the exponential growth of e-commerce and its impact on last mile delivery logistics in urban areas. The methods used in this study include a detailed analysis of the urban package distribution in Barcelona and Terrassa, research on the origin of the environmental impact on last mile e-commerce and an exhaustive analysis of approximately one million data collected from parcel distribution companies in Terrassa. This analysis covers several aspects, such as the volume of deliveries by type of address and postal code, the evolution of the volume of deliveries, the weight and dimensions of the packages, the distances travelled between deliveries, the cost of the package for the last mile shipment and the types of vehicles used. The results of the study reveal the main challenges faced by urban package distribution companies, which include economic, technical, regulatory, and social barriers. Proposals are presented to overcome these barriers and an analysis of the environmental impact is conducted. The conclusions of the study suggest that it is essential to develop sustainable logistics practices for urban freight

The logistics industry is changing rapidly with new delivery strategies and modes being tested every day for urban goods distribution. Due to growth in e-commerce, urban systems are under excessive stress due to the increased number of goods deliveries. Adoption of innovative solutions with the potential to positively benefit cities and stakeholders is essential to sustaining the current levels of goods distribution. The goal of this Master Thesis (TFM) study was to identify the potential for the adoption of new delivery methods by identifying their impact and their perception among the stakeholders. This study aims to explore these through means of appraisal tools and modeling that evaluate the results quantitatively. The first key decision criteria used by industry stakeholders for adopting alternative delivery methods (Electric LCVs, Cargo bikes etc) for the distribution of goods were evaluated. Alternative delivery methods were then compared with conventional LCV-based independent deliveries and amongst each other to understand the potential impacts of the delivery methods and related strategies. Surveys were carried out with logistics companies in European cities and Continuous Approximate Models for urban logistics distribution were used to obtain quantitative outputs. Regression analysis was done to identify relations between the demography of logistics companies and their delivery preferences. These outputs were then used to conduct a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) where the relative performance of the delivery methods was evaluated. Gaps between the industry perception and modeled performance of delivery methods are another key output of this study.

Multi-service transport hubs provide a potential opportunity to achieve sustainability and emission goals and have been in contemporary research and policy discussions, however, mostly in the passenger transportsector. In Urban logistics, the delivery vehicles leaving a warehouse or a consolidation centre entering the city to deliver goods are usually filled to a certain capacity during their onward journey and when the goods are delivered, they return mostly empty during their return journey. In Urban waste management, the waste collection vehicles leaving from a waste collection centre into the city are almost empty during the onward journey and are filled to a certain capacity during their return journey, which is the opposite. To address this underutilized capacity issue, in 2017, in the city of Stockholm, a new type of Urban logistics hub was created through the Älskade Stad initiative which combined the urban logistics flows with the urban waste management flows reducing the number of vehicles required and reducing the empty space in the vehicles during both the onward and return journeys. This type of hub consolidates deliveries acting as an urban consolidation centre and also consolidates wastes, acting as a waste management centre. Due to the central nature of the hub, it can also include other services. The study coins a new term called ‘Cologistics Hub’ for this type of hub and investigates the scenarios in which Cologistics hubs are required and then builds the business models suitable for these scenarios and for maximum scalability. It identifies different types of stakeholders that can be part of the Cologistics hub ecosystem. Along with this, the study analyses different types of flows involved in a Cologistics hub, maps the business ecosystem, and identifies added values for all types of identified stakeholders in the ecosystem. In addition to this, this study analyses the perception of Cologistics hubs among the identified stakeholders and compares

The acceleration of global e-commerce brings an increasing environmental burden to urban last-mile logistics. Autonomous delivery robots (ADRs) have often been considered as an attractive solution to this challenge but, to date, their environmental impact had not been fully assessed. To fill this gap, a life-cycle analysis of two-echelon and business-as-usual distribution strategies is proposed in this paper. To model ADR production, primary data from an actual prototype is used. The mathematical formulation of the use stage is done using the continuous approximation methodology. Finally, some managerial insights are obtained. Two-echelon operations would generate between 60 and 130 gCO2-eq per parcel delivery depending on the considered operation scenario. The ADR fleet production and renewal are the biggest contributors to this total global warming potential (GWP). As a consequence, the three main leverages to decrease the GWP of an ADR-based two-echelon delivery scheme are an improvement of the ADR production processes, the maximization of the robot lifespan (both for mechanical parts and battery), and the optimization of delivery operations to minimize the robot fleet size., The first author would like to personally acknowledge CARNET for the funding of this research article, developed in the framework of his PhD thesis. The second author also thanks the funding by the DFG, German Research Foundation, under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2163/1 – SE2A. The participation of the last author of this paper was made under the project PID2020-118641RB-I00, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. The authors also acknowledge the comments of anonymous reviewers that greatly helped in improving and clarifying the paper., Peer Reviewed, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::11 - Ciutats i Comunitats Sostenibles, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum Responsables, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al Clima, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::7 - Energia Assequible i No Contaminant, Postprint (published version)

Purpose: During the COVID-19 global pandemic, a very significant change has occurred in the demand for basic goods, resulting from the change in the consumer needs of the population in light of a large-scale health and economic crisis. This has revealed the true importance that the agri-food supply chains (ASC) have in the design of business strategies, especially at exceptional times, when the logistics process must be robust enough to continue to ensure the supply of products. In this context, the article presents a qualitative review of the academic literature, with the aim of extracting those factors that have the greatest influence on the degree of resilience of the ASC. Design/methodology: The methodology used is the integrative review of scientific publications, with a closer focus on those specialized in the supply chain, in order to perform a critical analysis and demonstrate theory based on the existing evidence. Both the document search and the content analysis abide by rigorous, explicit criteria. Findings: The bibliographic analysis reveals that there are at least three business strategies that can be considered critical factors in the degree of resilience of the ASCs. These three strategies are: a customer-oriented business awareness; distribution models based on proximity; and cooperative practices among the factors that make up the value chains. Originality/value: In such an important historical moment as the Coronavirus pandemic, it is very appropriate to look back in order to analyze all the scientific literature that could help us to better understand the current situation. It is even more important to do so in those areas of knowledge that do not yet have a consolidated academic trajectory, such as in the case of the resilience of supply chains, Peer Reviewed

Los canales de distribución se presentan como rutas que conectan al productor con el consumidor; sirviendo a la vez como estrategia de marketing y medio de comunicación que puede jugar un papel fundamental para impulsar la sostenibilidad. En este trabajo se han evaluado 20 indicadores económicos, ambientales, sociales y de gobernanza de los principales canales de distribución del tomate y el higo en Cataluña. La elección de los indicadores se ha basado en la metodología SAFA de la FAO (Sustainability Assessment of Food And Agriculture Systems) comparando 8 canales de distribución (Mayoristas, venta directa, comercio electrónico, pequeño minorista, supermercados, industria, restaurantes, cooperativas. La evaluación se ha realizado a partir de 2 paneles de expertos y representantes de la cadena de valor siguiendo el método Delphi y el Proceso Analítico Jerárquico. Los resultados muestran que predomina el pilar económico en la evaluación de la sostenibilidad de la cadena alimentaria seguida por el ambiental, social y finalmente el de gobernanza. En ambos casos el canal de la venta directa es considerado como la alternativa más sostenible en comparación a los otros canales convencionales de distribución principalmente debido al mayor margen económico que puede ofrecer a los productores., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

L’Ajuntament de Barcelona treballa per ordenar, millorar i fer més eficient la distribució urbana de mercaderies (DUM) a la ciutat. Amb aquest objectiu, es va arribar a un acord amb el sector privat per consensuar els deu objectius principals, després de dur a terme un procés de participació amb les principals associacions econòmiques, empresarials i sindicals de Barcelona i 62 entitats implicades en el món de la DUM.

Purpose: This paper aims to identify, analyze, model the risk elements in the supply chain and further set future trends to evaluate risks in other domains of cement manufacturing industry. Cement is the second most consumed material in the world, has a fast supply chain in the global market. This has driven the authors to study the supply chain risks for this sector. Design/methodology/approach: Through a detailed literature review and interaction with industry experts, 19 risk elements have been identified that may disrupt the supply chain activities. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is used to prioritize these risk elements based on the risk priority number (RPN). RPN is derived from the severity, occurrence, and detectability of these risk elements in various process functions of the supply chain. 10 risk elements are selected from this analysis that have higher priority number. Further, these elements have been fed to the Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) that derived the contextual interrelationship among these elements. Further MICMAC analysis has been implemented on the risk elements based on their driving and dependency power. Findings: Unpredicted heavy rainfall and energy shortages have been identified as the root causes of other risk elements. Increasing turnaround time in logistics and fleet adjustment during heavy demand, having the highest dependence power, are considered as the most important risk elements in the cement industry supply chain. Originality/value: This is the first study in the domain of supply chain risks which has analyzed and modelled risks for cement industry. This work would provide the decision-makers of cement industry to focus on the specific risk elements for reducing disruptions in the supply chain, Peer Reviewed

Purpose: The main purpose of this article is to systematically review the papers published in the period 2005-2020 about the integration of production, inventory and distribution activities in perishable supply chains. Design/methodology/approach: The proposed research methodology is based on several steps. First, database and keywords are selected, with the aim to search and collect the main papers, dealing with the integration of production, inventory, distribution activities in perishable supply chains. Then, a bibliometric analysis is carried out, to detect: the main publishing sources, the chronological distribution, the most used keywords, the featured authors, about the selected papers. A five-dimension classification framework is proposed to carry out a content analysis, where the papers of the literature review are classified and discussed, according to: supply chain structure, objective, perishability type, solution approach, approach validation. Findings: Interest in the application of optimization models for integrated decision-making along perishable supply chains is strongly growing. Integrating multiple stages of the supply chain into a single framework is complex, especially when referring to perishable products. The vast majority of the problems addressed are then NP-Hard. Only a limited quantity of the selected papers aims to solve real-life case studies. There is a need for further research, which is capable of modeling and quantitatively improving existing supply chains. The potentials of Industry 4.0 are currently little explored. Originality/value: Based on the analysis of the papers published, this article outlines the current state of the art on the optimization strategies for the integrated management of perishable supply chains, which are very complex to be managed. Research trends and gaps are discussed, future challenges are presented, Peer Reviewed

Purpose: This technical note provides the mathematical demonstration for obtaining the optimal aspect ratio for a rectangular storage area with a lateral receive/ship dock, representing the standard configuration of modern distribution centers and logistic warehouses. The proposed aspect ratio is the one that minimizes the travel times of operators, keeping the common assumption of a storage area having a uniform access probability. Design/methodology/approach: To obtain the optimal aspect ratio of the storage area we model the entry point of the uniformly distributed dock with a random variable with a continuous uniform distribution, and we consequently evaluate the average travel path of the operator as a function of the latter. Successively, we estimate and minimize the average roundtrip length of the operator, leading to the optimal aspect ratio of the storage area. Findings: We find that the optimal aspect ratio between the warehouse width (U) and length (V) equals 1.5. The obtained result shows that the operators’ travel times are minimized with a storage area where . Research limitations/implications: Warehouses with a dock on one side now represent modern distribution centers' standard configuration. However, no optimal aspect ratio for the storage area has been discussed. For this reason, the paper fills this lack of scientific literature in the warehouse optimization research field by providing indications on how to design this class of warehouses. Practical implications: Distribution managers may find here guidance for defining a proper design of logistics centers and evaluating the operators' actual travel times to perform a roundtrip within the storage area. Originality/value: Traditional warehouse shape optimization models assume a single input/output point to the storage area. To our knowledge, no formal demonstration has been proposed for a warehouse with a dock on one entire side, Peer Reviewed

En el presente proyecto desarrolla una problemática real del almacén CEE-Log de Schneider Electric ubicado en los alrededores de Budapest, Hungría. La necesidad de la realización de este proyecto aparece en febrero de 2022 cuando se observa un pico de trabajo en el área de Lost & Found. El equipo de inventario cíclico es el encargado de la reubicación de materiales extraviados en el almacén. El objetivo principal de este proyecto consiste en encontrar las causas del incremento de referencias enviadas a la sección del Lost & Found en el almacén de CEE-Log utilizando la metodología Kaizen. El segundo objetivo principal consiste en minimizar el impacto de las causas encontradas mediante la implementación de un plan de acción. Este plan de acción debe ser de coste nulo (sin tener en consideración el coste humano) y se presentarán los resultados del plan de acción. La metodología utilizada para analizar la problemática es la metodología Kaizen. Para la cual se realizan análisis previos a partir de los datos extraídos en SAP. para poder enfocar la búsqueda de los causantes de las referencias extraviadas durante el Gemba el cual se realiza en la recepción, recolección y empaquetado de pedidos. Posteriormente, se agrupan las temáticas comunes para poder establecer un plan de acción. El resultado de la metodología consiste en el diseño del plan de acción con medidas categorizadas según las causas, que estas pueden ser: la mala comunicación, procesos y entrenamientos poco definidos, la base de datos de los materiales incompleta, procesos adicionales sin registro de datos en el WMS (segundas picadas), etiquetas dañadas y mala implementación de las 5S, no consolidación de los materiales enviados por los proveedores, reaprovisionamiento de detalle sin registro en el WMS y picadas de detalle en ubicaciones de altura. Las acciones de estas causas pueden ser operacionales inmediatas o de mejora continua. De cada acción se presenta el título, la dimensión, la causa, el objetivo, el, En el present projectem es desenvolupa una problemàtica real del magatzem CEE-Log de Schneider Electric situat als voltants de Budapest, Hongria. La necessitat de la realització d'aquest projecte apareix al febrer de 2022 quan s'observa un pic de treball en l'àrea de Lost & Found. L'equip d'inventari cíclic és l'encarregat de la reubicació de materials extraviats en el magatzem. L'objectiu principal d'aquest projecte consisteix a trobar les causes de l'increment de referències enviades a la secció del Lost & Found en el magatzem de CEE-Log utilitzant la metodologia Kaizen. El segon objectiu principal consisteix a minimitzar l'impacte de les causes trobades mitjançant la implementació d'un pla d'acció. Aquest pla d'acció ha de ser de cost nul (sense tenir en consideració el cost humà) i es presentaran els resultats del pla d'acció. La metodologia utilitzada per a analitzar la problemàtica és la metodologia Kaizen. Per a la qual es realitzen anàlisis prèvies a partir de les dades extretes en SAP. per a poder enfocar la cerca dels causants de les referències extraviades durant el Gemba el qual es realitza en la recepció, recol·lecció i empaquetat de comandes. Posteriorment, s'agrupen les temàtiques comunes per a poder establir un pla d'acció. El resultat de la metodologia consisteix en el disseny del pla d'acció amb mesures categoritzades segons les causes, que aquestes poden ser: la mala comunicació, processos i entrenaments poc definits, la base de dadesde els materials incompleta, processos addicionals sense registre de dades en el WMS (segones picades), etiquetes danyades i dolenta implementació de les 5S, no consolidació dels materials enviats pels proveïdors, reaprovisionament de detall sense registre en el WMS i picadesde detall en ubicacions d'altura. Les accions d'aquestes causes poden ser operacionals immediates o de millora contínua. De cada acció es presenta el títol, la dimensió, la causa, l'objectiu, el procediment i l'impacte de l'acció. En la conclusió, This project develops a real problem at the CEE-Log warehouse of Schneider Electric located in the surroundings of Budapest, Hungary. The need to carry out this project appears in February 2022, when a peak of work is observed in the Lost & Found area. The cycle inventory team is in charge of relocating lost materials in the warehouse. The main objective of this project is to find the causes of the increase in references sent to the Lost & Found section in the CEE-Log warehouse using the Kaizen methodology. The second main objective is to minimize the impact of the causes found by implementing an action plan. This action plan must be zero cost (without taking into account the human cost), and the results of the action plan will be presented. The methodology used to analyze the problem is the Kaizen methodology. For which previous analyses were carried out from the data extracted in SAP. to be able to focus the search for the causes of the lost references during the Gemba, which is carried out in the reception, collection, and packaging of orders. Subsequently, the common themes are grouped in order to establish an action plan. The result of the methodology consists of the design of the action plan with measures categorized according to the causes, which can be: poor communication, poorly defined processes and training, incomplete materials database, additional processes without data registration in the WMS (second punches), damaged labels and poor implementation of 5S, non-consolidation of materials sent by suppliers, detail replenishment without registration in the WMS, and detail punches in high locations. The actions of these causes can be immediate operational or continuous improvement. For each action, the title, dimension, cause, objective, procedure, and impact of the action are presented. In the conclusion, the results obtained from the implemented measures organized by categories are analyzed. The design of a zero-cost action plan has been successfully conc

In today's global world, the supply chain of our various products and services has come to play a crucial role in the efficiency of organizations, extending across multiple countries in every part of the world. The integration of production processes in the supply chain by companies has brought considerable competitive advantage and economic growth. Thus, an efficient supply chain management is essential for continuously increasing productivity and value. However, this quick globalization of processes and the continuous pressure to maximize productivity through increasingly sophisticated methods at reduced costs has led to serious social, economic and environmental impacts on the community. The occurrence of several incidents and scandals over the past decades have led to a growing concern and awareness by various business entities and the community about the unsustainable effects of globalized production processes and consumption. The integration of an efficient approach to reduce environmental waste through principles that simultaneously aim to reduce waste and maximize productivity, through the application of lean thinking principles, has had a great weight in companies' decisions, however, it is still insufficient. With the objective of performing a critical and exploratory analysis, the present work focuses on the integration of green and socio-ethical methodologies throughout the operations and strategies of supply chain management as a way to increase the sustainability of the entire production. Based on previous knowledge in the area of production management allied with logistics, is performed an exploratory analysis of the different lean tools and methods that contribute to the integration of a strategy aimed at social, environmental and economic responsibility throughout the supply chain. The research in question revealed several approaches that provide an appropriate framework of tools and methodologies to be adopted by companies in order to effectively i, Incoming

Purpose: The role of speculators in distributing products across rural areas is increasing the poverty rate in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to develop a conceptual framework of the rural logistics system model to influence the welfare and sustainability of farmers. Design/methodology/approach: Conceptual framework was used to evaluate logistics and supply chain networks. The method consists of developing stages based on four components, namely network structure, management, resources, and business processes. Furthermore, it also proposed the management function of the rural logistics system models. Findings: The model of a rural logistics system obtained in this study consists of 1) a trade related to the network of business, 2) a freight, related to the flow of goods, and 3) management functions related to crucial activities in rural logistics management. Research limitations/implications: This model is conceptual, therefore, future studies must accommodate optimizing models to predict the performance of rural logistics systems when they are applied in Indonesia. Practical implications: This study promotes the actors in intermediaries of the rural logistics system to synergize the distribution of goods effectively and efficiently. It also reduces the role of speculators in product distribution in form of availability and price in rural areas. Social implications: This model is a strategy to achieve the Rural Sustainable development Goals (Rural-SDGs) agenda and complements the Blueprint of The National Logistics System. Originality/value: There are fewer studies in rural logistics compared to other fields such as agricultural logistics, food logistics, disaster logistics, etc. Therefore, this study organizes the actors in the rural logistics network and plans management functions for the efficient distribution of products across Indonesia. It also raises the awareness of logistics management to improve the welfare of rural communities, Peer Reviewed

Aquest TFE estudia i avalua la viabilitat d‟una empresa del sector del transport de mercaderies., Este TFE estudia y evalúa la viabilidad de una empresa del sector del transporte de mercancías., This TFE studies and evaluates the viability of a company in the freight transport sector.

Pla de mobilitat urbana de Barcelona 2024 respon a tres reptes principals: vetllar per la salut i la seguretat de les persones, combatre la crisi climàtica i millorar la qualitat de l’aire i contribuir a la recuperació de l’activitat econòmica i comercial de Barcelona.

Els magatzems tenen un paper molt important pràcticament en qualsevol xarxa de subministrament i ho continuaran tenint en un futur previsible. L’eficiència operativa i tècnica de la indústria 4.0 ens ha portat a tenir magatzems 4.0, un potencial econòmic substancial i clau per obtenir una alta rendibilitat en la revolució industrial que estem vivint. Aquest projecte implementa diferents criteris per a l’assignació d’ubicacions dins d’un magatzem automatitzat per a l’entrada i sortida de productes. Això inclou la programació del software de gestió i emmagatzematge del magatzem a temps real i la simulació d’entrada i sortida de productes a les ubicacions segons les diferents heurístiques. A la segona part del projecte es crea un sistema de comunicació amb un servidor OPC on emmagatzema els productes que entren i surten del magatzem a temps real dins una base de dades. Amb la informació dels moviments que s’emmagatzema a la base de dades, es realitza un estudi i comparativa dels diferents mètodes plantejats segons tipologies i escenaris diversos. A partir de les simulacions se n’extreuen unes conclusions. El resultat d’aquest projecte ha estat satisfactori, ja que s’ha complert amb les expectatives desitjades des d’un inici. S’ha creat un programari de simulació d’un magatzem on entren i surten productes de forma automàtica per poder realitzar l’estudi de les diferents heurístiques. A més, s’ha establert una comunicació a temps real amb una base de dades on s’emmagatzema tota la informació dels productes d’entrada i sortida. Finalment, realitzant les seqüències de diferents simulacions s’ha pogut establir, en alguns casos, per a quins tipus de magatzem seria més adient cada heurística

Purpose: The Supply chain strategy serves to strengthen positioning in competing to serve customers. This study examines the business unit in the supply chain strategy in producing food products from Cowhide in Indonesia. There are many business units with high demand for rawhides from cattle for use as food products which form several distribution channels. Thus, this opportunity is utilized to increase the productivity of business units in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the business unit utilization in the supply chain of distribution channel by considering patterns of business processes, value-added products, and optimal supply chain strategies. Design/methodology/approach: The study interviews 18 business units of Cowhide in Indonesia, including two slaughterhouses, five cattle owners, three restaurants, two cowhide drying business units, one cowhide cracker business unit, three cowhide traders’ traditional markets, one cowhide boiler business unit, and one retail shop. The SCOR model, Hayami, and discrete event simulation are integrated to analyze business unit utilization in Cowhide’s food products’ supply chain of distribution channel. Findings:There are five distribution channels from 7 business units in food products. Then, the highest value-added product ratio was the cowhide cracker business unit at 31%. Finally, Channel 1 is the highest utilization rate of 40%. Moreover, the policymaker can study non-food products to compare cowhide raw materials’ business unit utilization because Indonesia has many of these raw materials and is easy to obtain. Research limitations/implications: Further study is suggested to measure each business unit’s performance in the supply chain of distribution channel and then strengthen institutions to increase productivity. Originality/value: This study needs to measure each business unit’s performance in strengthening its supply chain strategy to optimize the distribution channel. This study’s implication can contribut, Peer Reviewed

Purpose: Demand-Driven Distribution Resource Planning (DDDRP) has recently been proposed in the literature to deal with higher supply networks complexity, shorter customer tolerance times, and inaccurate forecasts. The DDDRP requires to position inventory buffers in critical network nodes, where the inventory level in each buffer is replenished based on actual demands rather than on demand forecasts. This paper aims to identify optimal buffer positions in a distribution network driven by the DDDRP approach and to assess the performance of the DDDRP approach compared to the conventional Distribution Resource Planning (DRP) approach. Design/methodology/approach: First, a mixed-integer non-linear model is proposed to optimize buffer positioning under supply network constraints and with the objective of minimizing supply chain holding costs. Then, a case study is investigated to validate the optimization model and to evaluate the performance of the optimized distribution network driven by the DDDRP approach, compared to the DRP approach. Findings: Results of the considered case study demonstrate that the distribution network optimized and driven by the DDDRP approach achieves savings of 75% in terms of total holding costs and 67% in terms of inventory amounts, compared to a distribution network driven by the DRP approach. Research limitations/implications: Results of this paper cannot be generalized since several assumptions have been considered. Thus, addressing real case studies in different industrial contexts may be of theoretical and practical interest. Originality/value: This paper is the first to propose a mathematical model to optimize buffer positioning in a distribution network driven by the DDDRP approach, Peer Reviewed

Purpose: This research aims to investigate the relation between urban logistics and all delivery systems used. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and the unmanned aerial system (UAS) have been under investigation in the world of logistics, having been pointed as the next logistic technology. For that reason, this article proposes the use of UAV in urban logistics. Design/methodology: We set for the methodology study the current state of this system and analyze what lies ahead soon. Based on this information, we intend to implement a scenario of deliveries in an urban environment. This scenario will be in the city of Aveiro and consists of the delivery of medicines into pharmacies located in an urban environment. With this study, we pretend to find the best current and future solution to operate in an urban environment, with the conventional vehicle or the UAV/UAS. Findings: The legal implications for the use of UAV/UAS are one important factor that can set back the use of these technologies due to the lack of legislation. Although this technology has some limitations in endurance and payload, this investigation reached a consensus in the use of UAV for logistics in urban areas, in small payloads (around 15 kg), and low endurance (around 25 min). The UAV/UAS brings excellent advantages that the conventional vehicle cannot overcome: direct routes; traffic congestion; and environmental legislation. Practical implications: This study brings an overview of a possible scenario for urban logistics. Although this is currently not possible, soon, this scenario could be implemented. This would bring a reduction in operation costs and reduce the congestion in the urban cores of the cities. Originality/value: Based on this research, this delivery system could, in the future, help and be the starting point for UAV/UAS logistics, specifically in the delivery of medicines., Peer Reviewed

L’Ajuntament de Barcelona fixa la seva nova estratègia per aconseguir que la distribució urbana de mercaderies a la ciutat es dugui a terme de la manera més competitiva, ordenada, eficient, eficaç, sostenible i segura possible

En este documento se exploran los impactos clave de la pandemia del Covid-19 en las cadenas de suministro en el sector de distribución en España. El estudio de las cadenas de suministro se centrará en la última fase de estas, la fase de distribución, y se tratarán los distintos modelos que pueden darse en función de la infraestructura que adopta cada organización para que el producto llegue al cliente. Con la finalidad de sacar conclusiones acerca de la gestión de la pandemia e identificar cuáles han sido las mejores prácticas, se analizarán las cuotas de mercado de los principales competidores del sector obtenidas antes, durante e inmediatamente después del Covid-19. De la misma forma, se estudiará cuáles han sido las tendencias del sector en los últimos años y en la etapa posterior a la pandemia para identificar los cambios traídos por la crisis sanitaria y hacer una previsión de las principales tendencias en el sector de cara al futuro. Entre estas tendencias destacan el auge del comercio electrónico, cuyo despegue era inminente y su crecimiento se ha disparado a raíz del confinamiento, y el de los supermercados regionales, gracias a su proximidad. Sin duda han sido los dos grandes protagonistas de esta situación extraordinaria. Otro de los aspectos clave será el grado de automatización logística, que permitirá a las empresas dar respuesta ante los cambios imprevistos de la demanda. La pandemia ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de contar con una gran capacidad de reacción, las empresas deberán ser capaces de adaptarse a las nuevas tendencias y construir cadenas de suministro resilientes para poder hacer frente a los futuros desafíos.

En aquest treball s’estudia el concepte de distribució urbana de mercaderies. Es basa en entendre la rellevància de la concepció d’una distribució urbana de mercaderies coneixent-ne les problemàtiques actuals. Aquest estudi es realitza plantejant algunes de les tipologies de distribució urbana de mercaderies existents, els actors implicats i les opcions de vehicles que ofereix actualment el mercat. A partir d’aquest estudi, s’elabora una proposta òptima de distribució urbana de mercaderies a la ciutat de Sabadell. Aquest model òptim es compara amb un model teòric tradicional, un model que es basa en la distribució urbana de mercaderies mitjançant furgonetes de combustió. En aquesta comparativa s’estudia la viabilitat, i els aspectes positius i negatius que suposa la alternativa de distribució urbana de mercaderies plantejada

Mi trabajo “El análisis del canal HORECA (Hostelería, Restauración y Catering) en Tarragona” se trata de estudiar el sector HORECA en Tarragona y en particular su parte logística para mejorar su operatividad. Definimos los actores y los flujos logísticos que hay entre ellos y descubrimos que se forma una red compleja de resolver. En la realidad el sector investigado tiene muchos puntos débiles en la parte logística de diferentes tipos de mercancías repartidas. Estas mercancías funcionan de manera aleatoria por la ciudad a unas determinadas horas del día (como ejemplo en la ciudad de Tarragona) que en mi opinión surgen unas soluciones prácticas que vamos a encontrar en este trabajo. El objetivo del estudio es dar a partir de propuestas de mejora, que facilitan el funcionamiento productivo del sector HORECA, solución a la distribución de lo último comentado y en concreto de la ciudad de Tarragona. Según redactado, la pregunta principal de mi trabajo es: si podemos hacer que el canal HORECA sea más eficiente y rentable logísticamente. Planteamos el presente problema desde dos ámbitos: primero, el ámbito Municipal, donde están las Administraciones que intervienen regulando los procesos logísticos de sector HORECA, y segundo, el tejido empresarial que desarrolla el medio económico. En mi trabajo encontramos e investigamos los desafíos de estos dos ámbitos, y como resultado, vemos que no hay una solución única sino varias, que afectan tanto al ámbito municipal como al empresarial. De las posibles resoluciones nos referimos al siguiente: 1. mejora de las afectaciones de dominio público del canal HORECA, 2. eficacia de las cargas y descargas, 3. disminución de los niveles contaminantes, 4. fluidez del tráfico, 5. Que el nivel acústico de la ciudad sea normativo. Todo esto hace que los procesos logísticos mejoren, que los diálogos entre las partes implicadas en dichos procesos sean fluidos, etc. Puestas soluciones en su parte mejoran la calidad de vida del ciudadano particul

Document elaborat en el context de desconfinament davant l’emergència provocada per la COVID-19., El pla es fixa 4 reptes principals: garantir el dret a la mobilitat, vetllar per la salut i la seguretat de les persones, contribuir a la recuperació de l’activitat econòmica i comercial, i combatre la crisi climàtica i millorar la qualitat de l’aire., Document prepared in the context of deconfinement to the emergency caused by COVID-19., Documento elaborado en el contexto de desconfinamiento ante la emergencia provocada por la COVID-19.

Mesures de mobilitat establertes en el context de desconfinament davant l’emergència provocada per la COVID-19., Després de la finalització de les mesures provisionals en la distribució urbana de mercaderies aplicades des de l’inici de l’Estat d’Alarma, el Govern municipal estableix ara noves accions d’una durada mínima d’un any., Mobility measures established in the context of deconfinement to the emergency caused by COVID-19., Medidas de movilidad establecidas en el contexto de desconfinamiento ante la emergencia provocada por la COVID-19.

Mi trabajo “El análisis del canal HORECA (Hostelería, Restauración y Catering) en Tarragona” se trata de estudiar el sector HORECA en Tarragona y en particular su parte logística para mejorar su operatividad. Definimos los actores y los flujos logísticos que hay entre ellos y descubrimos que se forma una red compleja de resolver. En la realidad el sector investigado tiene muchos puntos débiles en la parte logística de diferentes tipos de mercancías repartidas. Estas mercancías funcionan de manera aleatoria por la ciudad a unas determinadas horas del día (como ejemplo en la ciudad de Tarragona) que en mi opinión surgen unas soluciones prácticas que vamos a encontrar en este trabajo. El objetivo del estudio es dar a partir de propuestas de mejora, que facilitan el funcionamiento productivo del sector HORECA, solución a la distribución de lo último comentado y en concreto de la ciudad de Tarragona. Según redactado, la pregunta principal de mi trabajo es: si podemos hacer que el canal HORECA sea más eficiente y rentable logísticamente. Planteamos el presente problema desde dos ámbitos: primero, el ámbito Municipal, donde están las Administraciones que intervienen regulando los procesos logísticos de sector HORECA, y segundo, el tejido empresarial que desarrolla el medio económico. En mi trabajo encontramos e investigamos los desafíos de estos dos ámbitos, y como resultado, vemos que no hay una solución única sino varias, que afectan tanto al ámbito municipal como al empresarial. De las posibles resoluciones nos referimos al siguiente: 1. mejora de las afectaciones de dominio público del canal HORECA, 2. eficacia de las cargas y descargas, 3. disminución de los niveles contaminantes, 4. fluidez del tráfico, 5. Que el nivel acústico de la ciudad sea normativo. Todo esto hace que los procesos logísticos mejoren, que los diálogos entre las partes implicadas en dichos procesos sean fluidos, etc. Puestas soluciones en su parte mejoran la calidad de vida del ciudadano particul

Mesures de mobilitat establertes en el context de desconfinament davant l’emergència provocada per la COVID-19., Després de la finalització de les mesures provisionals en la distribució urbana de mercaderies aplicades des de l’inici de l’Estat d’Alarma, el Govern municipal estableix ara noves accions d’una durada mínima d’un any., Mobility measures established in the context of deconfinement to the emergency caused by COVID-19., Medidas de movilidad establecidas en el contexto de desconfinamiento ante la emergencia provocada por la COVID-19.

Document elaborat en el context de desconfinament davant l’emergència provocada per la COVID-19., El pla es fixa 4 reptes principals: garantir el dret a la mobilitat, vetllar per la salut i la seguretat de les persones, contribuir a la recuperació de l’activitat econòmica i comercial, i combatre la crisi climàtica i millorar la qualitat de l’aire., Document prepared in the context of deconfinement to the emergency caused by COVID-19., Documento elaborado en el contexto de desconfinamiento ante la emergencia provocada por la COVID-19.

L’objectiu d’aquest projecte és analitzar i estudiar la distribució de certs productes que ofereix d’una empresa dedicada a la fabricació de material elèctric. Aquest estudi es basarà en l’indicador de la taxa de servei, entesa com el percentatge de comandes que es serveixen dins del termini donat al client. En primer lloc, es farà una introducció al funcionament de l’empresa. S’explicaran quins processos segueixen els diversos productes de material elèctric que s’ofereixen al mercat. Es comentarà tota la gamma de productes que es fabrica, així com els centres on es realitzen les diverses operacions del procés productiu i la manera en què es classifiquen. Per finalitzar la introducció, es comentaran breument els clients més importants pels que es treballa. La primera part de l’estudi consistirà en estudiar l’evolució de l’indicador de taxa de servei des de l’entrada a l’empresa d’un nou comitè directiu. S’estudiarà aquesta evolució segons el centre de treball, ja siguin pròpies o centres col·laboradors coneguts com a Tallers Externs. Alhora, l’anàlisi es farà diferenciant comandes nacionals i d’exportació. Un cop se sàpiga quina és la situació general de l’empresa, s’estudiarà la distribució de les famílies de productes més importants a nivell de facturació amb què es treballa en els Tallers Externs. Històricament, la distribució de processos de producció a aquests tallers ha estat improvisada i sense seguir una metodologia clara i definida. Fent una classificació ABC segons la facturació que suposen es veurà quins productes són les que tenen un pes més important dins d’aquest grup de tallers. L’objectiu és proposar un nou mètode de producció, definint processos i transports fixes amb els centres que participin en la fabricació dels productes estudiats. Aquesta proposta es basarà en l’evolució de la demanda dels productes, així com en la gestió de fluxos de components entre els diversos tallers de l’empresa. Un cop analitzats els Tallers Externs, s’estudiaran dues f

El present treball té com a objectiu l’estudi d’una aplicació que permeti realitzar repartiments en un entorn urbà el més ràpid possible. També es vol observar el comportament de tots aquells factors que intervenen en un repartiment per tal de preveure els canvis que no són controlables. En resum, aquest estudi està destinat a aquelles empreses que volen distingirse dels seus competidors oferint als seus clients uns temps d’entrega molt reduïts realitzantho d’una manera totalment sostenible. L’ús de les noves tecnologies és imprescindible en qualsevol sector, en aquest cas, s’ha notat que les empreses que ofereixen venta on-line els seus temps d’entrega podrien ser molt més ràpids. La constant evolució d’aquests nous mercats dóna la possibilitat de crear noves formes de negoci, però alhora poden afectar a aquells sectors que no han incorporat aquests avenços com podria ser les empreses continuen amb el sistema de repartiment tradicional. En qualsevol cas, la idea plantejada en aquest treball parteix de la idea de innovar en un sector en constant desenvolupament i amb la intenció de generar nous llocs de treball i no d’eliminarne. A través d’aquest estudi s’ha pogut obtenir una millor interpretació de l’entorn urbà on s’implementaria i un desglossament de tots els factors que intervenen en un repartiment. Totes aquestes dades serviran per a determinar si en aquell entorn urbà la idea plantejada és viable. Existeixen dos pilars fonamentals que defineixen aquest projecte, el primer és l’aposta per a la innovació tecnològica, i el segon és la sostenibilitat. Al llarg de l’estudi s’evidencia la preocupant situació actual, i com una iniciativa com la plantejada en aquest treball ajudarien a reduir la contaminació existent

Supply chain management (SCM) has become increasingly relevant for organisations. Firms that have a strategy to optimise their performance in the supply chain (SC) are more prone to be successful. Most companies use data analytics for this purpose, and in order to continuously look for competitive advantage. One of the most important issues that organisations must deal with in SCM is inventory control. This thesis proposes the digital twin technology to solve this problem, by means of predictions made from historical data. This thesis conducted a series of simulation experiments to test the capacity of a digital twin simulation to be a better decision-maker than a classical model. The classical model chosen as a baseline was the economic order quantity (EOQ) model. The digital twin was designed with a reinforcement learning (RL) application based on a neural network (NN) and trained several times. Three different trials challenging the limitations of the baseline model were carried out. In order to overcome the EOQ model limitations, two delivery reliability indicators were created, thus allowing to generate different scenarios. Results showed that the inventory level and costs are affected in a different way depending on which reliability parameter is modified. The digital twin did not beat the EOQ model in any of the trials but an approach to it was achieved. Although the same number of iteration trainings were run in all the trials, the learning level reached was not the same. In two of the three trials, 30% of the experiments led to the same results as the classical model, whereas in the last one only 10% of the experiments reached them. This study is only a first approach to a big issue, the SCM. The digital twin can consider other external factors that classical models cannot. However, lots of resources that were not available in this project would be needed in order to properly model and simulate a real-world situation supply chain management, digital twin, n, Outgoing

Purpose: A common problem in mega cities is congestion, due to the size of the automotive park, this makes that the perishable foods decreasing their organoleptic characteristics or increases their losses, which requires considering the effect of time on routing problems. The state of the art demonstrates the need to formulate new routing models that include the specific characteristics of perishable foods in order to reduce their losses. Design/methodology/approach: A mathematical model was formulated based on two classical models: the three-index vehicle flow model proposed by (Golden, Assad, Levy & Gheysens, 1984) and the time window model proposed by (Cordeau, Desaulniers, Desrosiers, Solomon & Soumis, 1999). We proposed a novel VRP Model that permits reductions loss due to the perishable. Findings: The optimum cost is found with AMP® for twenty nodes, six vehicles and six fruits. For more nodes, a two-phase strategy is proposed, first a clustering based on a modified p-median model and then a VRP for each cluster. Research limitations/implications: The results showed the need to investigate multi-objective models, since the performance measures can be efficiency, quality and response capacity; the model can be applied in other supply chains of perishable foods. Social implications: According to FAO in Logistics practices in the last mile generate between 10-30% of the perishable food loss in developing countries’ mega-cities. Originality/value: A last-mile logistics strategy is proposed to manage delivery routes for fresh fruits in mega-cities, considering the effect of congestion through travel time in the perishability function. The new model it uses the flow variable to control the amount of each fruit arriving to each node and the time variable to define fruit waste or loss depending on the time and type of fruit., Peer Reviewed

Purpose: Once a set of suppliers has been determined, according to criteria of quality, price and reliability, among others, there remains the problem of assigning orders to the selected suppliers, in order to cover the needs at the lowest cost. We consider the case in which the needs of a component for a set of plants should be covered by suppliers with linear piecewise concave cost functions, a lower bound on the order size for the non-zero deliveries and a capacity constraint. The purpose is to design procedures for solving this problem. Design/methodology/approach: With the aim of providing practical tools to solve the problem of assigning orders to suppliers with linear piecewise concave costs, two mixed integer linear programs are proposed. Findings: The two MILP models are compared through an extensive computational experiment. This shows that both models, with a slight advantage for one of them, can be solved within a very short time, even when the dimensions of the instance largely exceed those that can occur in real cases. Originality/value: The paper proposes novel models that can be used to solve the problem to optimality in reasonable times and with standard optimization software., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

L’objectiu d’aquest treball final de grau és el d’explicar tots i cadascun dels passos que es duen a terme dins d’una empresa d’enginyeria per a realitzar un projecte de disseny i exportació del producte. En aquest cas concret, el disseny, fabricació, transport i exportació d’unes sitges metàl·liques per una fàbrica de farina a Kènia. Per dur a terme el treball, s’ha realitzat una recerca per explicar què és i en què consisteix el comerç. Iniciant amb una descripció de la paraula comerç, els antecedents històrics i el procés de compra venda, passant per la descripció detallada del procés d’exportació i acabant amb la descripció d’un projecte d’exportació des de la fase comercial inicial amb l’oportunitat de venda, el pressupost i la venda, passant a la fase tècnica, amb el disseny, fabricació, transport i muntatge. El resultat del treball és un document que permet entendre millor el procés d’exportació d’un producte, especialment amb l’exportació per via marítima, i dota el lector d’una informació important alhora de realitzar futurs projectes d’exportació, no només des de la vessant del project management tècnic, sinó de tot el procés per dur a terme un projecte d’aquestes característiques. S’ha completat el projecte amb cites interessants de diferents llibres relacionats amb el project management que poden servir d’ajuda alhora de desenvolupar aquest tipus de projectes. Al llarg del treball, s’estudien també els passos a dur a terme des del punt de vista comercial i tècnic i s’enumera quines tasques es duen a terme i quin és el seu objectiu dins del projecte. Es focalitza especialment amb el procés d’exportació, tant des de la vessant documental com tècnica.

This paper addresses the optimal management of a multi-objective bio-based energy supply chain network subjected to multiple sources of uncertainty. The complexity to obtain an optimal solution using traditional uncertainty management methods dramatically increases with the number of uncertain factors considered. Such a complexity produces that, if tractable, the problem is solved after a large computational effort. Therefore, in this work a data-driven decision-making framework is proposed to address this issue. Such a framework exploits machine learning techniques to efficiently approximate the optimal management decisions considering a set of uncertain parameters that continuously influence the process behavior as an input. A design of computer experiments technique is used in order to combine these parameters and produce a matrix of representative information. These data are used to optimize the deterministic multi-objective bio-based energy network problem through conventional optimization methods, leading to a detailed (but elementary) map of the optimal management decisions based on the uncertain parameters. Afterwards, the detailed data-driven relations are described/identified using an Ordinary Kriging meta-model. The result exhibits a very high accuracy of the parametric meta-models for predicting the optimal decision variables in comparison with the traditional stochastic approach. Besides, and more importantly, a dramatic reduction of the computational effort required to obtain these optimal values in response to the change of the uncertain parameters is achieved. Thus the use of the proposed data-driven decision tool promotes a time-effective optimal decision making, which represents a step forward to use data-driven strategy in large-scale/complex industrial problems., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)