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Courier services provide express and door-to-door delivery, which is fast and convenient for customers. Many businesses rely on courier services to outsource product deliveries and meet deadlines. The role of courier service providers is essential to ensure the smooth functioning of a business. This particular Courier Company has a filing department that handles office transactions such as collecting documents from departments, developing an effective document storage and filing system, and digitizing hard copies of documents. However, the researchers observed that the department staff needed help locating documents, following up on documents, and determining parcel weight and dimensions, which affected product shipments. To improve this process, the researchers proposed several procedures, including arranging documents by voucher numbers, digitalizing documents, providing extra copies of documents, creating a file for copies, dimension and weight scanning of parcels, filtering parcels by size, using Cash on Delivery (COD) for payment, reviewing transactions, and notifying clients to verify that the letter has been addressed. The researchers conducted a qualitative descriptive study, interviewing an employee of the BCD Company who needed help in this department. The employee agreed with most of the proposed procedures, believing they would be helpful and advantageous to the office procedure of the BCD company in the future and improve office transactions. The researchers recommend using technology to sort parcels and deliver them to customers with satisfaction and additional copies of documents to reduce future problems. They also suggest better documentation for transactions, compiling all important information, arranging it by voucher number for easy access, and making it more organized.

Diplomová práce se zabývá predikováním počtu vybraných zásilek v dopravní síti České pošty, s.p. Analyzuje potřeby společnosti ve vazbě na vznik predikčního systému včetně analýzy produktového portfolia, návaznosti a parametrů logistických procesů a požadavků na navrhovaný predikční systém. Na základě analýzy je navržen systém, který plní stanovené požadavky. Následně je vyhodnocen jeden z modulů navrženého systému a jsou uvedeny přínosy návrhu pro logistiku společnosti., The thesis deals with predicting the number of selected parcels in Česká pošta, s.p. transport network. It analyses the company's needs concerning the prediction system's proposal, including the product portfolio analysis, continuity and parameters of logistics processes and requirements for the proposed prediction system. Based on the analysis, a system that fulfils the requirements is designed. Subsequently, one of the modules of the proposed system is evaluated, and the benefits for logistics are stated., Dopravní fakulta Jana Pernera, Diplomantka přednesla ucelenou a logicky uspořádanou obhajobu své diplomové práce. V ní dokázala přesvědčivým způsobem obhájit závěry svých řešení. Na poznámky, resp. připomínky oponenta reagovala správně a v plném rozsahu je zodpověděla. U doplňkových otázek prokázala schopnost logického myšlení, pohotové reakce, jasného a srozumitelného vysvětlení., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

Diplomová práce se zaměřuje na problematiku procesu doručování balíkových zásilek ve státním podniku Česká pošta. Zabývá se konkrétním depem 701 a jeho procesem zpracování zásilek, přípravy na doručení i samotným doručováním. Jedná se o celý řetězec procesů, kterými společnost zabezpečuje fungování logistiky poslední míle a uspokojování svých zákazníků. Na základě výsledků analýzy celého procesu jsou navržena opatření, jež povedou ke zvýšení kvality služby i vyšší efektivitě analyzovaného procesu., The master thesis focuses on the issue of the parcel delivery process in Česká pošta, s.p. It deals with a concrete depot 701 and its process of consignment processing, preparation for delivery and delivery itself. It is a whole chain of processes by which the company ensures the operation of last mile logistics and the satisfaction of its customers. Based on t the results of the analysis of the entire process, measures are proposed that will help to an increase in the quality of services and the higher efficiency of the analyzed process., Dopravní fakulta Jana Pernera, Diplomant přednesl ucelenou a logicky uspořádanou obhajobu své diplomové práce. V ní dokázal přesvědčivým způsobem obhájit závěry svých řešení. Na poznámky, resp. připomínky oponenta reagoval správně a v plném rozsahu je zodpověděl. U doplňkových otázek prokázal schopnost logického myšlení, pohotové reakce, jasného a srozumitelného vysvětlení., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

[EN] Presented thesis focuses on the dynamics of soil organic matter on sites with different silvicultural management systems. Coppice, coppice-with-standard and high forest plots were compared in terms of soil organic matter. The study was conducted between the winter of 2016/17 and the winter of 2018/19 at the university Masaryk forest training ground Krtiny on pre-existing TARMAG research sites near Brno, Czech Republic. The samples were collected during four different calendar seasons over a full two-year period, which allowed for the evaluation of the seasonal and year-to-year dynamics of soil organic matter content. The evaluation detected a significant effect of the type of management on the soil organic matter stock fluxes and shows that coppiced plots are the most capable of soil organic matter accumulation. However, its soil organic matter gains in topsoil are compensated by losses in deeper layers., [CA] Vaig a investigar el contingut de la matèria orgànica en moltes mostres de sòl. Prendré les mostres de 3 diferents parcel·les de 2 boscos diferents i també de 3 usos diferents a cada parcel·la. Amb aquestes dades comprovarem si el contingut de la matèria orgànica està relacionat amb la quantitat de microorganismes, incloent les dades en gràfics.

[EN] Presented thesis focuses on the dynamics of soil organic matter on sites with different silvicultural management systems. Coppice, coppice-with-standard and high forest plots were compared in terms of soil organic matter. The study was conducted between the winter of 2016/17 and the winter of 2018/19 at the university Masaryk forest training ground Krtiny on pre-existing TARMAG research sites near Brno, Czech Republic. The samples were collected during four different calendar seasons over a full two-year period, which allowed for the evaluation of the seasonal and year-to-year dynamics of soil organic matter content. The evaluation detected a significant effect of the type of management on the soil organic matter stock fluxes and shows that coppiced plots are the most capable of soil organic matter accumulation. However, its soil organic matter gains in topsoil are compensated by losses in deeper layers., [CA] Vaig a investigar el contingut de la matèria orgànica en moltes mostres de sòl. Prendré les mostres de 3 diferents parcel·les de 2 boscos diferents i també de 3 usos diferents a cada parcel·la. Amb aquestes dades comprovarem si el contingut de la matèria orgànica està relacionat amb la quantitat de microorganismes, incloent les dades en gràfics.

[EN] Presented thesis focuses on the dynamics of soil organic matter on sites with different silvicultural management systems. Coppice, coppice-with-standard and high forest plots were compared in terms of soil organic matter. The study was conducted between the winter of 2016/17 and the winter of 2018/19 at the university Masaryk forest training ground Krtiny on pre-existing TARMAG research sites near Brno, Czech Republic. The samples were collected during four different calendar seasons over a full two-year period, which allowed for the evaluation of the seasonal and year-to-year dynamics of soil organic matter content. The evaluation detected a significant effect of the type of management on the soil organic matter stock fluxes and shows that coppiced plots are the most capable of soil organic matter accumulation. However, its soil organic matter gains in topsoil are compensated by losses in deeper layers., [CA] Vaig a investigar el contingut de la matèria orgànica en moltes mostres de sòl. Prendré les mostres de 3 diferents parcel·les de 2 boscos diferents i també de 3 usos diferents a cada parcel·la. Amb aquestes dades comprovarem si el contingut de la matèria orgànica està relacionat amb la quantitat de microorganismes, incloent les dades en gràfics.

[EN] Presented thesis focuses on the dynamics of soil organic matter on sites with different silvicultural management systems. Coppice, coppice-with-standard and high forest plots were compared in terms of soil organic matter. The study was conducted between the winter of 2016/17 and the winter of 2018/19 at the university Masaryk forest training ground Krtiny on pre-existing TARMAG research sites near Brno, Czech Republic. The samples were collected during four different calendar seasons over a full two-year period, which allowed for the evaluation of the seasonal and year-to-year dynamics of soil organic matter content. The evaluation detected a significant effect of the type of management on the soil organic matter stock fluxes and shows that coppiced plots are the most capable of soil organic matter accumulation. However, its soil organic matter gains in topsoil are compensated by losses in deeper layers., [CA] Vaig a investigar el contingut de la matèria orgànica en moltes mostres de sòl. Prendré les mostres de 3 diferents parcel·les de 2 boscos diferents i també de 3 usos diferents a cada parcel·la. Amb aquestes dades comprovarem si el contingut de la matèria orgànica està relacionat amb la quantitat de microorganismes, incloent les dades en gràfics.

[EN] Presented thesis focuses on the dynamics of soil organic matter on sites with different silvicultural management systems. Coppice, coppice-with-standard and high forest plots were compared in terms of soil organic matter. The study was conducted between the winter of 2016/17 and the winter of 2018/19 at the university Masaryk forest training ground Krtiny on pre-existing TARMAG research sites near Brno, Czech Republic. The samples were collected during four different calendar seasons over a full two-year period, which allowed for the evaluation of the seasonal and year-to-year dynamics of soil organic matter content. The evaluation detected a significant effect of the type of management on the soil organic matter stock fluxes and shows that coppiced plots are the most capable of soil organic matter accumulation. However, its soil organic matter gains in topsoil are compensated by losses in deeper layers., [CA] Vaig a investigar el contingut de la matèria orgànica en moltes mostres de sòl. Prendré les mostres de 3 diferents parcel·les de 2 boscos diferents i també de 3 usos diferents a cada parcel·la. Amb aquestes dades comprovarem si el contingut de la matèria orgànica està relacionat amb la quantitat de microorganismes, incloent les dades en gràfics.

This paper proposes an initial LADM country profile of Saudi Arabia. The model aims to build a better communication system between all the stockholders to secure the land registration. The initial development of the spatial and non-spatial classes are have been based on the regulation of Saudi Arabia. For the development of the LADM profile for Saudi Arabia, several steps have been completed: 1- Interviews have been conducted with the stakeholders to collect information about the regulations of the land/building ownership. 2- Analysis of the current system of the land registration and its requirement for both spatial and non-spatial data has been performed. 3- Local regulations have been utilized to develop the initial LADM country profile.

This paper proposes an initial LADM country profile of Saudi Arabia. The model aims to build a better communication system between all the stockholders to secure the land registration. The initial development of the spatial and non-spatial classes are have been based on the regulation of Saudi Arabia. For the development of the LADM profile for Saudi Arabia, several steps have been completed: 1- Interviews have been conducted with the stakeholders to collect information about the regulations of the land/building ownership. 2- Analysis of the current system of the land registration and its requirement for both spatial and non-spatial data has been performed. 3- Local regulations have been utilized to develop the initial LADM country profile., GIS Technologie, Urban Data Science

This paper proposes an initial LADM country profile of Saudi Arabia. The model aims to build a better communication system between all the stockholders to secure the land registration. The initial development of the spatial and non-spatial classes are have been based on the regulation of Saudi Arabia. For the development of the LADM profile for Saudi Arabia, several steps have been completed: 1- Interviews have been conducted with the stakeholders to collect information about the regulations of the land/building ownership. 2- Analysis of the current system of the land registration and its requirement for both spatial and non-spatial data has been performed. 3- Local regulations have been utilized to develop the initial LADM country profile., GIS Technologie, Urban Data Science

This paper proposes an initial LADM country profile of Saudi Arabia. The model aims to build a better communication system between all the stockholders to secure the land registration. The initial development of the spatial and non-spatial classes are have been based on the regulation of Saudi Arabia. For the development of the LADM profile for Saudi Arabia, several steps have been completed: 1- Interviews have been conducted with the stakeholders to collect information about the regulations of the land/building ownership. 2- Analysis of the current system of the land registration and its requirement for both spatial and non-spatial data has been performed. 3- Local regulations have been utilized to develop the initial LADM country profile.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá problematikou přepravy zásilek a balíků po železnici, jejich analýzou současného stavu, analýzou silničních dopravců poskytující expresní přepravu zásilek a vzájemným vyhodnocením obou systémů za použití SWOT analýzy. Návrhem nové sítě, zavedení svozu a rozvozu ve vybraných stanicích a vylepšením internetových stránek., This bachelor thesis deals with transport of consignments and parcels by rail, thein analysis of current situation, analysis of road haulers providing express transport of consignments and mutual evaluation of both systems using SWOT analysis. Designing a new network, launching and delivering on selected stations and improving websites., Dopravní fakulta Jana Pernera, Student obhájil bakalářskou práci a zodpověděl otázky státní zkušební komise.

[ES] Easytrans es una aplicación para smartphone, que permite a los usuarios solicitar el transporte de un paquete desde su móvil. Sin necesidad de moverse de casa, todos los trámites se realizan desde la aplicación. Se encuentra disponible actualmente para sistemas operativos Android. Se ha desarrollado nativamente, lo cual implica un aprovechamiento máximo de las funciones del dispositivo. Permite el registro de usuarios, tanto clientes, como repartidores. Integra una solución de notificaciones push. Gracias a esto se tiene a sus usuarios al tanto de las últimas novedades acerca de sus envíos, tanto si eres remitente, como si eres destinatario. Además de ofrecer la funcionalidad de chat, la cual permite a los dos interesados mantener el contacto en todo momento ante cualquier circunstancia sin ningún tipo de intermediación. La infraestructura que esta aplicación utiliza está íntegramente basada en la plataforma Firebase de Google. Esto permite un alto grado de disponibilidad y una velocidad notable, lo cual mejora en gran medida la experiencia del usuario., [CA] Easytrans és una aplicació per a smartphone, que permet als usuaris sol·licitar el transport d'un paquet des del seu mòbil. Sense necessitat de moure's de casa, tots els tràmits es realitzen des de l'aplicació. Es troba disponible actualment per a sistemes operatius Android. S'ha desenvolupat nativament, la qual cosa implica un aprofitament màxim de les funcions del dispositiu. Permet el registre d'usuaris, tant clients, com a repartidors. Integra una solució de notificacions push. Gràcies a açò es té als seus usuaris al tant de les últimes novetats sobre els seus enviaments, tant si eres remitent, com si eres destinatari. A més d'oferir la funcionalitat de xat, la qual permet als dos interessats mantenir el contacte en tot moment davant qualsevol circumstància sense cap tipus d'intermediació. La infraestructura que aquesta aplicació utilitza està íntegrament basada en la plataforma Firebase de Google. Açò permet un alt grau de disponibilitat i una velocitat notable, la qual cosa millora en gran manera l'experiència de l'usuari., [EN] Easytrans is a smartphone application, which allows users to request the transport of a package within their mobile. It is currently available for Android operating systems. It has been developed natively, which implies a maximum use of the device functions. It allows the registration of users, both customers and workers. Integrates a push notifications solution. Thanks to this you have your users up to date of the latest news about your shipments, whether you are a sender, or a recipient. Moreover, it offers chat functionality, which allows both involved users to stay in touch in any circumstance without any intermediation. This application infrastructure is entirely based on the Google Firebase platform. This allows a high degree of availability and a remarkable speed, which greatly improves the user experience.

[ES] Easytrans es una aplicación para smartphone, que permite a los usuarios solicitar el transporte de un paquete desde su móvil. Sin necesidad de moverse de casa, todos los trámites se realizan desde la aplicación. Se encuentra disponible actualmente para sistemas operativos Android. Se ha desarrollado nativamente, lo cual implica un aprovechamiento máximo de las funciones del dispositivo. Permite el registro de usuarios, tanto clientes, como repartidores. Integra una solución de notificaciones push. Gracias a esto se tiene a sus usuarios al tanto de las últimas novedades acerca de sus envíos, tanto si eres remitente, como si eres destinatario. Además de ofrecer la funcionalidad de chat, la cual permite a los dos interesados mantener el contacto en todo momento ante cualquier circunstancia sin ningún tipo de intermediación. La infraestructura que esta aplicación utiliza está íntegramente basada en la plataforma Firebase de Google. Esto permite un alto grado de disponibilidad y una velocidad notable, lo cual mejora en gran medida la experiencia del usuario., [CA] Easytrans és una aplicació per a smartphone, que permet als usuaris sol·licitar el transport d'un paquet des del seu mòbil. Sense necessitat de moure's de casa, tots els tràmits es realitzen des de l'aplicació. Es troba disponible actualment per a sistemes operatius Android. S'ha desenvolupat nativament, la qual cosa implica un aprofitament màxim de les funcions del dispositiu. Permet el registre d'usuaris, tant clients, com a repartidors. Integra una solució de notificacions push. Gràcies a açò es té als seus usuaris al tant de les últimes novetats sobre els seus enviaments, tant si eres remitent, com si eres destinatari. A més d'oferir la funcionalitat de xat, la qual permet als dos interessats mantenir el contacte en tot moment davant qualsevol circumstància sense cap tipus d'intermediació. La infraestructura que aquesta aplicació utilitza està íntegrament basada en la plataforma Firebase de Google. Açò permet un alt grau de disponibilitat i una velocitat notable, la qual cosa millora en gran manera l'experiència de l'usuari., [EN] Easytrans is a smartphone application, which allows users to request the transport of a package within their mobile. It is currently available for Android operating systems. It has been developed natively, which implies a maximum use of the device functions. It allows the registration of users, both customers and workers. Integrates a push notifications solution. Thanks to this you have your users up to date of the latest news about your shipments, whether you are a sender, or a recipient. Moreover, it offers chat functionality, which allows both involved users to stay in touch in any circumstance without any intermediation. This application infrastructure is entirely based on the Google Firebase platform. This allows a high degree of availability and a remarkable speed, which greatly improves the user experience.

[ES] Easytrans es una aplicación para smartphone, que permite a los usuarios solicitar el transporte de un paquete desde su móvil. Sin necesidad de moverse de casa, todos los trámites se realizan desde la aplicación. Se encuentra disponible actualmente para sistemas operativos Android. Se ha desarrollado nativamente, lo cual implica un aprovechamiento máximo de las funciones del dispositivo. Permite el registro de usuarios, tanto clientes, como repartidores. Integra una solución de notificaciones push. Gracias a esto se tiene a sus usuarios al tanto de las últimas novedades acerca de sus envíos, tanto si eres remitente, como si eres destinatario. Además de ofrecer la funcionalidad de chat, la cual permite a los dos interesados mantener el contacto en todo momento ante cualquier circunstancia sin ningún tipo de intermediación. La infraestructura que esta aplicación utiliza está íntegramente basada en la plataforma Firebase de Google. Esto permite un alto grado de disponibilidad y una velocidad notable, lo cual mejora en gran medida la experiencia del usuario., [CA] Easytrans és una aplicació per a smartphone, que permet als usuaris sol·licitar el transport d'un paquet des del seu mòbil. Sense necessitat de moure's de casa, tots els tràmits es realitzen des de l'aplicació. Es troba disponible actualment per a sistemes operatius Android. S'ha desenvolupat nativament, la qual cosa implica un aprofitament màxim de les funcions del dispositiu. Permet el registre d'usuaris, tant clients, com a repartidors. Integra una solució de notificacions push. Gràcies a açò es té als seus usuaris al tant de les últimes novetats sobre els seus enviaments, tant si eres remitent, com si eres destinatari. A més d'oferir la funcionalitat de xat, la qual permet als dos interessats mantenir el contacte en tot moment davant qualsevol circumstància sense cap tipus d'intermediació. La infraestructura que aquesta aplicació utilitza està íntegrament basada en la plataforma Firebase de Google. Açò permet un alt grau de disponibilitat i una velocitat notable, la qual cosa millora en gran manera l'experiència de l'usuari., [EN] Easytrans is a smartphone application, which allows users to request the transport of a package within their mobile. It is currently available for Android operating systems. It has been developed natively, which implies a maximum use of the device functions. It allows the registration of users, both customers and workers. Integrates a push notifications solution. Thanks to this you have your users up to date of the latest news about your shipments, whether you are a sender, or a recipient. Moreover, it offers chat functionality, which allows both involved users to stay in touch in any circumstance without any intermediation. This application infrastructure is entirely based on the Google Firebase platform. This allows a high degree of availability and a remarkable speed, which greatly improves the user experience.

Práce se zaměřuje na zpracování balíkových zásilek v přepravní síti Česká pošta, s.p. a snaží se najít cesty ke zlepšení efektivity zpracování těchto zásilek se zaměřením na sběrný přepravní uzel Ostrava 02., The work focuses on the question processing parcels in the Czech Post postal network and tries to finds solutions for improving effectivity of processing with focusing on sorting centre Ostrava 02., Dopravní fakulta Jana Pernera, Problematiku řešenou ve své bakalářské práci dokázal student odpovídajícím způsobem obhájit. Prokázal schopnost samostatné práce. Na doplňkové otázky reagoval pohotově, se znalostí věci a bez závažných nepřesností je zodpověděl., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

A growing environmental issue today is the amount plastic pollution in the ocean. To investigate how it might affect marine life, an important aspect is to study how plastics are transported by ocean currents and where it ends up. This can be done by use of Lagrangian simulation of plastic particles in computer ocean models. To improve the quality of the output from such simulations the number of simulated particles is continuously increased, and grid resolutions are refined. This puts increasing pressure on the simulation programs to perform the computations as efficiently as possible. In the main part of this project the numerical time stepping schemes used in a Lagrangian ocean simulator, and their influence on the efficiency and accuracy of the simulations, were studied. The currently used 4th order Runge-Kutta method (RK4) was compared to the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method (RKF45) to assess the potential performance gain by switching to a more advanced scheme. The Explicit Euler method was included in initial tests to illustrate the benefit of using a higher order method. Error testing was performed on an idealized test case based on the Stommel equations, and time testing was performed on model data from the Agulhas region off the coast of South Africa. RKF45 was found to produce less accurate results than RK4 in very similar computation time. However, it used less function evaluations, which means it might still be useful in the future if more advanced interpolation schemes are introduced. Another numerical aspect was targeted in the secondary part of the project, namely the effect of the boundary conditions between land and sea on the particle trajectories. Simple conditions, such as the currently used no-normal flow partial slip condition, include slowing particles as they approach land to prevent them from accidentally beaching. To allow them to flow freely even along shorelines, a free-slip condition was introduced and evaluated. The two different methods we, The plastic pollution in the ocean is a growing issue for the marine environment. To determine how and where the pollution affects marine life, an important step is to map the spread of this pollution. This project concerns the numerical aspects of a computer program developed to simulate the distribution of plastics in the ocean. Each year millions of tons of plastics enter our oceans around the world. With time the larger plastic debris is broken down into smaller pieces by the sunlight and grinding movements of the waves. These smaller pieces can easily get ingested by marine animals, and thus harm them. To evaluate the extent of this threat to marine life, it is important to map the spread of plastics in the ocean. This can be done with the help of computer simulations of the ocean currents. One method of simulating the flow of objects in the ocean is by tracking individual particles, in this case pieces of plastic. In an ocean model, the ocean currents are given as velocity fields that define the currents at discrete points in space. The velocity of a particle is calculated by interpolating the velocities at its nearest grid points, and then the particle is transported by taking discrete steps of a predefined time length. In practice, millions of particles are tracked simultaneously. This way of using particles to simulate transportation in a fluid is known as Lagrangian simulation. PARCELS is a computer program that is currently being developed to not only track plastics in the oceans, but also other particles such as oil droplets or tuna. In the main part of this project, different methods for stepping a particle forward in time are compared, to evaluate whether PARCELS would benefit from using a more advanced scheme than it currently does. The current method is known as the 4th order Runge-Kutta method (RK4). To take a step of length dt in time, it uses the velocity at not only the starting point, but also at three intermediate points. This produces a 4th or

Driven by the Bourbon Dynasty, spain tried to strengthen the state apparatus and widen the scope of its functions in its American domains. One of the results this had was the decision of the Crown to assume the management and control of the mail system, which brought substantial improvements in the expansion of the routes and reduction of the travel time, but some flaws and issues were still evident. This work attempts to examine the obstacles that hindered the proper operation of the postal service in the framework of the reforms implemented halfway the 18th century by Commissioner Joseph Antonio de Pando, namely: fraud, delays, violations; interceptions; and loss of letters and parcels. These obstacles led to a loss of prestige for the sector, and were an additional sign of the weakening and crisis of the colonial politic - administrative regime., sob o impulso da dinastía Bourbon, Espanha tentou reforçar o aparelho estatal e expandir seus papéis em seus domínios americanos. O resultado foi a decisão da Coroa para assumir a gestão e controlo do sistema postal, o que trouxe melhorias substanciais na expansão de rotas e reduzir o tempo de viagem, mas ainda evidenciado algumas falhas e desvantagens. Este artigo procura analisar os obstáculos que impediam o funcionamento do sistema postal como parte das reformas implementadas em meados do século XVIII pelo comissário José Antonio de Pando: fraude, atrasos, estupro, interceptações e perderam mail e encomendas postais. Estes obstáculos afectam o prestígio do sector postal e foram mais um sinal do enfraquecimento do sistema político-administrativo colonial., Con el impulso de la dinastía borbónica, España intentó fortalecer el aparato estatal y ampliar el ámbito de sus funciones en sus dominios americanos. Resultado de esto fue la decisión de la Corona de asumir el manejo y control del sistema de correos, lo cual trajo mejoras sustanciales en la ampliación de las rutas y en la disminución del tiempo de recorrido, pero seguían evidenciándose algunas fallas e inconvenientes. El presente trabajo intenta examinar los obstáculos que impidieron el buen funcionamiento de la renta de correos en el marco de las reformas implementadas a mediados del siglo xviii por el comisionado Joseph Antonio de Pando: fraudes, demoras, violaciones, interceptaciones y pérdida de cartas y encomiendas. Estos obstáculos significaron un motivo de desprestigio para el ramo y fueron un signo más del debilitamiento y crisis del régimen político-administrativo colonial.

Driven by the Bourbon Dynasty, spain tried to strengthen the state apparatus and widen the scope of its functions in its American domains. One of the results this had was the decision of the Crown to assume the management and control of the mail system, which brought substantial improvements in the expansion of the routes and reduction of the travel time, but some flaws and issues were still evident. This work attempts to examine the obstacles that hindered the proper operation of the postal service in the framework of the reforms implemented halfway the 18th century by Commissioner Joseph Antonio de Pando, namely: fraud, delays, violations; interceptions; and loss of letters and parcels. These obstacles led to a loss of prestige for the sector, and were an additional sign of the weakening and crisis of the colonial politic - administrative regime., sob o impulso da dinastía Bourbon, Espanha tentou reforçar o aparelho estatal e expandir seus papéis em seus domínios americanos. O resultado foi a decisão da Coroa para assumir a gestão e controlo do sistema postal, o que trouxe melhorias substanciais na expansão de rotas e reduzir o tempo de viagem, mas ainda evidenciado algumas falhas e desvantagens. Este artigo procura analisar os obstáculos que impediam o funcionamento do sistema postal como parte das reformas implementadas em meados do século XVIII pelo comissário José Antonio de Pando: fraude, atrasos, estupro, interceptações e perderam mail e encomendas postais. Estes obstáculos afectam o prestígio do sector postal e foram mais um sinal do enfraquecimento do sistema político-administrativo colonial., Con el impulso de la dinastía borbónica, España intentó fortalecer el aparato estatal y ampliar el ámbito de sus funciones en sus dominios americanos. Resultado de esto fue la decisión de la Corona de asumir el manejo y control del sistema de correos, lo cual trajo mejoras sustanciales en la ampliación de las rutas y en la disminución del tiempo de recorrido, pero seguían evidenciándose algunas fallas e inconvenientes. El presente trabajo intenta examinar los obstáculos que impidieron el buen funcionamiento de la renta de correos en el marco de las reformas implementadas a mediados del siglo xviii por el comisionado Joseph Antonio de Pando: fraudes, demoras, violaciones, interceptaciones y pérdida de cartas y encomiendas. Estos obstáculos significaron un motivo de desprestigio para el ramo y fueron un signo más del debilitamiento y crisis del régimen político-administrativo colonial.

A growing environmental issue today is the amount plastic pollution in the ocean. To investigate how it might affect marine life, an important aspect is to study how plastics are transported by ocean currents and where it ends up. This can be done by use of Lagrangian simulation of plastic particles in computer ocean models. To improve the quality of the output from such simulations the number of simulated particles is continuously increased, and grid resolutions are refined. This puts increasing pressure on the simulation programs to perform the computations as efficiently as possible. In the main part of this project the numerical time stepping schemes used in a Lagrangian ocean simulator, and their influence on the efficiency and accuracy of the simulations, were studied. The currently used 4th order Runge-Kutta method (RK4) was compared to the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method (RKF45) to assess the potential performance gain by switching to a more advanced scheme. The Explicit Euler method was included in initial tests to illustrate the benefit of using a higher order method. Error testing was performed on an idealized test case based on the Stommel equations, and time testing was performed on model data from the Agulhas region off the coast of South Africa. RKF45 was found to produce less accurate results than RK4 in very similar computation time. However, it used less function evaluations, which means it might still be useful in the future if more advanced interpolation schemes are introduced. Another numerical aspect was targeted in the secondary part of the project, namely the effect of the boundary conditions between land and sea on the particle trajectories. Simple conditions, such as the currently used no-normal flow partial slip condition, include slowing particles as they approach land to prevent them from accidentally beaching. To allow them to flow freely even along shorelines, a free-slip condition was introduced and evaluated. The two different methods we, The plastic pollution in the ocean is a growing issue for the marine environment. To determine how and where the pollution affects marine life, an important step is to map the spread of this pollution. This project concerns the numerical aspects of a computer program developed to simulate the distribution of plastics in the ocean. Each year millions of tons of plastics enter our oceans around the world. With time the larger plastic debris is broken down into smaller pieces by the sunlight and grinding movements of the waves. These smaller pieces can easily get ingested by marine animals, and thus harm them. To evaluate the extent of this threat to marine life, it is important to map the spread of plastics in the ocean. This can be done with the help of computer simulations of the ocean currents. One method of simulating the flow of objects in the ocean is by tracking individual particles, in this case pieces of plastic. In an ocean model, the ocean currents are given as velocity fields that define the currents at discrete points in space. The velocity of a particle is calculated by interpolating the velocities at its nearest grid points, and then the particle is transported by taking discrete steps of a predefined time length. In practice, millions of particles are tracked simultaneously. This way of using particles to simulate transportation in a fluid is known as Lagrangian simulation. PARCELS is a computer program that is currently being developed to not only track plastics in the oceans, but also other particles such as oil droplets or tuna. In the main part of this project, different methods for stepping a particle forward in time are compared, to evaluate whether PARCELS would benefit from using a more advanced scheme than it currently does. The current method is known as the 4th order Runge-Kutta method (RK4). To take a step of length dt in time, it uses the velocity at not only the starting point, but also at three intermediate points. This produces a 4th or

Derecho Indiano is the name of a set of laws and dispositions of different nature mandated by the Spanish Monarchy for governing and administrating the territories of the “New World”. This Corpus Juridicus is constituted by a number of legal rules of different entity. The development of the Derecho Indiano started when the real nature of the discovered territories was unknown. It was finished four centuries later, once the last colonies were lost. During that time, more than a million of dispositions were included. The term Indiano refers to “Las Indias”, a name The Americas received from the moment of their discovery, as India was Christopher Columbus’ intended destination. The terms “Hispanic” or “Colonial” have been used instead of Indiano by some sectors of the juridical historiography, but neither can be considered fully accurate. The former because the legal dispositions that constituted this body were specifically designed to be applied in the Indias, even if they were originated in Castile. The later, as the Indian territories were never considered colonies (a more modern term) but regions and reigns of the Spanish Crown, as were the other domains in Europe and the Iberian Peninsula. Given all this, most of the historians and law experts refer to this set of laws as Derecho Indiano or Hispano-Indiano. This article covers the origins and refinement of this legal system from the XVI century until the end of King Philip the Second’s reign., Se conoce con el nombre de Derecho Indiano el conjunto de disposiciones de toda índole que la Monarquía española dictó para el gobierno y administración de las tierras del Nuevo Mundo. Constituye este Corpus Jurídicus una serie de normas legales de distinta entidad y rango, que empieza a desarrollarse cuando todavía se desconoce la realidad que va a regir, y que termina cuatro siglos después, tras la pérdida de las últimas colonias, sumando a lo largo de este periodo legislativo más de un millón de disposiciones de todo tipo. Se le denomina Indiano por haberse llamado al Nuevo Mundo "Las Indias", desde el mismo momento del descubrimiento, porque era el lugar al que pretendía llegar Cristóbal Colón, viajando hacia poniente. También se le ha llamado "hispánico" y "colonial", por cierto sector de la Historiografía Jurídica, pero ambas denominaciones no son del todo exactas, la primera, porque las disposiciones legales que lo integran fueron específicas para las Indias, aunque tuvieran su origen en el derecho de Castilla, y la segunda, porque los territorios de las Indias bajo el dominio hispano nunca tuvieron la consideración de colonias, que es un término mucho más moderno, sino de reinos y provincias de la monarquía española, como los otros reinos peninsulares y los dominios europeos. Por todo ello, la mayoría de los juristas e historiadores de este Derecho coinciden hoy en la denominación de Derecho Indiano, o Derecho Hispano-Indiano. Tratamos en este artículo de sus orígenes y perfeccionamiento del sistema en el siglo XVI, hasta el final del reinado de Felipe II.

Bakalářská práce se věnuje alternativnímu způsobu dodávání balíkových zásilek. První část se zabývá definováním alternativního způsobu dodávání a popisem daných služeb. Ve druhé části je analyzován alternativní způsob dodávání balíků do Balíkomatů, který je poté porovnáván se standardním způsobem a třetí část je věnována již konkrétnímu návrhu. Cílem této práce je navrhnout opatření k tomu, aby se zefektivnil alternativní způsob dodávání balíkových zásilek v rámci depa Praha 702., The bachelor thesis deals to alternative ways of delivering parcels. The first part of the thesis deals with the definition of an alternative delivery method and description of these services. In the second part it is analyzes the alternative method of delivering parcels to automated parcel centers which is then compared with the standard method. The third part is already devoted to a specific proposal. The aim of this thesis is to make a proposal measures to streamline the alternative way of delivering parcels within the depot Prague 702., Dopravní fakulta Jana Pernera

Práce je zaměřena na zavádění automatizace při třídění balíkových a listovních zásilek na novém sběrném přepravním uzlu Pardubice 02. Popisuje současný způsob zpracování balíkových a listovních zásilek. Dále se zabývá výběrem třídících strojů a zhodnocením, zda je zavedení balíkového a listovního třídícího stroje efektivní., The work is focused on implementation of automation when sorting parcels and letters in a new transport node at Pardubice 02. It describes how parcel and letter consignments are processed nowadays. Further, it deals with how sorting machines are chosen and evaluation of whether the implementation of the parcel and letter sorting machines is effective., Katedra dopravního managementu, marketingu a logistiky, Diplomantka přednesla ucelenou a logicky uspořádanou obhajobu svého diplomového projektu. V ní dokázala přesvědčivým způsobem obhájit závěry svých řešení. Na připomínky oponenta reagovala správně a v plném rozsahu je zodpověděla. U doplňkových otázek prokázala schopnost logického myšlení, pohotové reakce, jasného a srozumitelného vysvětlení.

Spatial simulation models have become a popular tool in studying land use/land cover (LULC) change. An important, yet largely overlooked process in such models is the land subdivision, which is known to govern LULC change and landscape restructuring to a large extent. To fill this gap, we propose an efficient and straightforward method to simulate dynamic land subdivision in LULC change models. Key features in the proposed method are implementing a hierarchical landscape where adjacent cells of the same LULC type form patches, patches form properties, and properties form the landscape and incorporating real subdivision layouts. Furthermore, we use a queue-based modified flood-fill algorithm to dynamically reset LULC patches following a subdivision. The proposed subdivision method is demonstrated in action using a prototype agent-based LULC model developed for an amenity landscape in Australia. Results show that it is computationally feasible to run the subdivision method even as spatial resolution is increased, thus providing a proven means for spatial simulation models to dynamically split parcel land.

Spatial simulation models have become a popular tool in studying land use/land cover (LULC) change. An important, yet largely overlooked process in such models is the land subdivision, which is known to govern LULC change and landscape restructuring to a large extent. To fill this gap, we propose an efficient and straightforward method to simulate dynamic land subdivision in LULC change models. Key features in the proposed method are implementing a hierarchical landscape where adjacent cells of the same LULC type form patches, patches form properties, and properties form the landscape and incorporating real subdivision layouts. Furthermore, we use a queue-based modified flood-fill algorithm to dynamically reset LULC patches following a subdivision. The proposed subdivision method is demonstrated in action using a prototype agent-based LULC model developed for an amenity landscape in Australia. Results show that it is computationally feasible to run the subdivision method even as spatial resolution is increased, thus providing a proven means for spatial simulation models to dynamically split parcel land.

Spatial simulation models have become a popular tool in studying land use/land cover (LULC) change. An important, yet largely overlooked process in such models is the land subdivision, which is known to govern LULC change and landscape restructuring to a large extent. To fill this gap, we propose an efficient and straightforward method to simulate dynamic land subdivision in LULC change models. Key features in the proposed method are implementing a hierarchical landscape where adjacent cells of the same LULC type form patches, patches form properties, and properties form the landscape and incorporating real subdivision layouts. Furthermore, we use a queue-based modified flood-fill algorithm to dynamically reset LULC patches following a subdivision. The proposed subdivision method is demonstrated in action using a prototype agent-based LULC model developed for an amenity landscape in Australia. Results show that it is computationally feasible to run the subdivision method even as spatial resolution is increased, thus providing a proven means for spatial simulation models to dynamically split parcel land.

Using quantitative analysis techniques in GIS and SPSS this piece analyzes property assessment data from Rochester, NY dating back to 1990. These values are compared to the City's economic development project sites, and cluster and regression analyses were conducted to measure the effect of proximity. The evaluations held mixed results, and further study is required to prove that proximity to a project site has a positive influence on property values. Nonetheless, the study shows some evidence to support this hypothesis and notes important geographical phenomena.

The Land Administration Domain Model (ISO 19152) (ISO-TC211 2012) defines a specific geometry form which allows the clean and simple mixing of 3D cadastral objects such as volumetric parcels with the more common 2D parcels. It does this by introducing a concept of boundary surfaces, known as “face strings”. The unbounded nature in the vertical direction of the “face strings” corresponds to the unbounded nature of 2D parcels, that is, they comprise the boundaries of infinite 3D columns of space (see ISO-TC211 2012 Figure B.2 Page 48). This, in combination with the more usual finite “face” used to define a completely bounded 3D parcel, allows a highly efficient storage structure, without sacrificing the rigour of the definitions (while remaining compatible with the vast amount of existing 2D cadastral data). A set of axioms has been developed that can be used for formalizing the validation of individual completely bounded 3D cadastral parcels in general, or for formalizing the validation of a set forming a complete coverage of completely bounded 3D parcels (Thompson and van Oosterom 2011; Thompson and van Oosterom 2012). This paper extends this set of geometric validity axioms specifically to the LADM, ensuring that the individual parcels can be correctly validated, whether they be: 1. defined by 2D primitives (the “face strings”, representing unbounded 3D columns), 2. defined by 3D primitives (“faces”, representing bounded 3D spaces), or 3. defined by a combination of the two (see ISO-TC211 2012 Figure B.4 Page 49). It will also be ensured that the “outside of the world” is correctly handled. That is to say, where cadastral parcels abut the outer limit of the jurisdictional region. Further, the validity of the remaining top and bottom parts of the columns of the volume of interest (after “extracting” completely bounded 3D parcels) is explored. These parts also correspond to partially bounded 3D parcels. Finally, the validity of “liminal” parcels (2D parcels which abu

The Land Administration Domain Model (ISO 19152) (ISO-TC211 2012) defines a specific geometry form which allows the clean and simple mixing of 3D cadastral objects such as volumetric parcels with the more common 2D parcels. It does this by introducing a concept of boundary surfaces, known as “face strings”. The unbounded nature in the vertical direction of the “face strings” corresponds to the unbounded nature of 2D parcels, that is, they comprise the boundaries of infinite 3D columns of space (see ISO-TC211 2012 Figure B.2 Page 48). This, in combination with the more usual finite “face” used to define a completely bounded 3D parcel, allows a highly efficient storage structure, without sacrificing the rigour of the definitions (while remaining compatible with the vast amount of existing 2D cadastral data). A set of axioms has been developed that can be used for formalizing the validation of individual completely bounded 3D cadastral parcels in general, or for formalizing the validation of a set forming a complete coverage of completely bounded 3D parcels (Thompson and van Oosterom 2011; Thompson and van Oosterom 2012). This paper extends this set of geometric validity axioms specifically to the LADM, ensuring that the individual parcels can be correctly validated, whether they be: 1. defined by 2D primitives (the “face strings”, representing unbounded 3D columns), 2. defined by 3D primitives (“faces”, representing bounded 3D spaces), or 3. defined by a combination of the two (see ISO-TC211 2012 Figure B.4 Page 49). It will also be ensured that the “outside of the world” is correctly handled. That is to say, where cadastral parcels abut the outer limit of the jurisdictional region. Further, the validity of the remaining top and bottom parts of the columns of the volume of interest (after “extracting” completely bounded 3D parcels) is explored. These parts also correspond to partially bounded 3D parcels. Finally, the validity of “liminal” parcels (2D parcels which abu

The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) is under development within the Technical Committee 211 (TC211) of the International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) and identified as ISO 19152. Within the LADM classical cadastral concepts as “parcel” and “boundary” have been extended to be able to include spatial representations of overlapping tenures or claims and also multidimensional objects (3D and 2D/3D, combined with temporal dimensions). Furthermore, a series of new representations are possible apart from topologically well structured parcels (here called spatial units). Text based, sketch based, point based, line-based, polygon based, or topological based representations of spatial units are possible. The topological spatial units are defined by a consistent topological structure (with no gaps, overlaps or intersections), which is in contrast with a set of polygons, where a consistent topological structure is not guaranteed. A line-based spatial unit is represented by a collection of lines which may be collected from different sources or surveys. A point-based spatial unit contains only the coordinates of the unit’s reference point. A text based spatial unit is not represented by coordinates, but has a spatial unit description in words, e.g. the metes and bounds system (a spatial unit description in terms of distance, direction, and landmarks). All these spatial units may have a 3D representation, and a provision is made for a mixture of 2D and 3D spatial units to co-exist. A level is a collection of spatial units with a geometric or thematic coherence. The concept of level is related to the notion of “legal independence” from ‘Cadastre 2014’. This allows for the flexible introduction of spatial data from different sources and accuracies, including utility networks, buildings and other 3D spatial units, such as mining claims, or construction works. The paper explores the LADM spatial component, which is further based on ISO standards, combined with new co, Department of GIS Technology, OTB Research Institute

The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) is under development within the Technical Committee 211 (TC211) of the International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) and identified as ISO 19152. Within the LADM classical cadastral concepts as “parcel” and “boundary” have been extended to be able to include spatial representations of overlapping tenures or claims and also multidimensional objects (3D and 2D/3D, combined with temporal dimensions). Furthermore, a series of new representations are possible apart from topologically well structured parcels (here called spatial units). Text based, sketch based, point based, line-based, polygon based, or topological based representations of spatial units are possible. The topological spatial units are defined by a consistent topological structure (with no gaps, overlaps or intersections), which is in contrast with a set of polygons, where a consistent topological structure is not guaranteed. A line-based spatial unit is represented by a collection of lines which may be collected from different sources or surveys. A point-based spatial unit contains only the coordinates of the unit’s reference point. A text based spatial unit is not represented by coordinates, but has a spatial unit description in words, e.g. the metes and bounds system (a spatial unit description in terms of distance, direction, and landmarks). All these spatial units may have a 3D representation, and a provision is made for a mixture of 2D and 3D spatial units to co-exist. A level is a collection of spatial units with a geometric or thematic coherence. The concept of level is related to the notion of “legal independence” from ‘Cadastre 2014’. This allows for the flexible introduction of spatial data from different sources and accuracies, including utility networks, buildings and other 3D spatial units, such as mining claims, or construction works. The paper explores the LADM spatial component, which is further based on ISO standards, combined with new co, Department of GIS Technology, OTB Research Institute

Práce se zabývá analýzou konkurence na trhu expresních balíkových služeb z pohledu DHL Express s.r.o. Nejdříve je zde uvedena charakteristika expresních služeb a rozložení jednotlivých společností na trhu. Další dvě části se věnují analýze nabízených portfolií a finančním situacím společností DHL, TNT, FedEx a UPS. Z provedených analýz a porovnání poté vyplývají návrhy možných řešení na zkvalitnění služeb poskytovaných DHL., This report is an analysis of competition to DHL Express in the delivery service market. The first section of the document provides an overview of the express delivery services and characteristics in the current market. The two successive sections of the report provide an assessment of different portfolios and financial situations of companies such as DHL, TNT, Federal Express and UPS and conclude recommendations to improve the quality of services offered by DHL., Katedra dopravního managementu, marketingu a logistiky, Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou