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The “natural GMS laboratory” (granulometry-morphometry-situmetry) is located within the Variscan Basement in SE Germany (Fichtelgebirge Mts.), which is uplifted relative to its Permo-Mesozoic foreland along a deep-seated lineamentary fault zone. This transitional study area is crossed by straight to low drainage systems in the basement, turning meandering channel systems into high sinuosity when entering the foreland. Due to its good geological coverage, the entire region is subjected to an advanced-level terrain analysis and completed with a sedimentological study focusing on the GMS tool. Unlike many applications in the past, the three components of the GMS tool that are of almost equal value ought to be used in combination and not as stand-alone procedures so as to be integrated into other near-surface geoscientific methods, e.g., sediment petrography. The strong points of granulometry of coarse-grained/gravel-sized sediments are its extension into the smaller sand and clay grain size intervals using the sorting, mean and/or median values for an environmental analysis. Morphometry can be linked to the compositional geosciences, e.g., mineralogy and geochemistry. The grain shape is intimately connected with the lithology, providing options from triaxial measuring of the lithoclast to the digital image analysis. It is a favorable tool to supplement the provenance of lithoclasts. Situmetry is the key element of hydrodynamic research and directly builds upon its sister methods. Its applications and numerical approaches are useful for the identification and quantification of physical land-forming processes. It is the fan sharpness and the orientation of lithoclasts relative to the direction of the talweg and in relation cross-sectional valley features that integrate the GMS tool into geological and geomorphological mapping, both of which result in a digital terrain model. Horizontal rose diagrams are useful for the upper reaches of drainage systems, be they of alluvia

This dissertation aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of solid phase composition with ongoing hydration in OPC‒rich and CAC‒CsHx rich ternary binders. The work is based on a multi‒method approach including XRD, TGA, MAS NMR spectroscopy, calorimetry, microscopy and thermodynamic calculations. From the combinations of results obtained from the different analytical methods, a schematic representation of the phase evolution with ongoing hydration in OPC and CAC‒CsHx rich combinations was achieved, along with plots showing the distributing hydrate phases in the ternary diagram OPC‒CAC‒CsHx. C‒S‒H, portlandite, ettringite and AFm phases stand as main hydration products in the OPC‒rich combinations. C‒S‒H accounts for ~70% of the X‒ray amorphous fraction. In the CAC‒CsHx rich combinations ettringite along with AH3, monosulphoaluminate, strätlingite and hydrogranet phases precipitate. The high portions of X‒ray amorphous fractions in such combinations were mainly attributed to AH3 gel and AFm phases. Additionally, comparison of QXRD results with stoichiometric calculations, thermal analysis and 27Al NMR revealed that a portion of the formed ettringite and portlandite are in an X‒ray amorphous state during hydration. The variation of CAC type and water content strongly influences the hydration mechanism and phase assemblage in the ternary binders, whereas differences in mixtures with different sulphate sources are mainly related to the different dissolution kinetics of the sulphate.

This dissertation aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of solid phase composition with ongoing hydration in OPC‒rich and CAC‒CsHx rich ternary binders. The work is based on a multi‒method approach including XRD, TGA, MAS NMR spectroscopy, calorimetry, microscopy and thermodynamic calculations. From the combinations of results obtained from the different analytical methods, a schematic representation of the phase evolution with ongoing hydration in OPC and CAC‒CsHx rich combinations was achieved, along with plots showing the distributing hydrate phases in the ternary diagram OPC‒CAC‒CsHx. C‒S‒H, portlandite, ettringite and AFm phases stand as main hydration products in the OPC‒rich combinations. C‒S‒H accounts for ~70% of the X‒ray amorphous fraction. In the CAC‒CsHx rich combinations ettringite along with AH3, monosulphoaluminate, strätlingite and hydrogranet phases precipitate. The high portions of X‒ray amorphous fractions in such combinations were mainly attributed to AH3 gel and AFm phases. Additionally, comparison of QXRD results with stoichiometric calculations, thermal analysis and 27Al NMR revealed that a portion of the formed ettringite and portlandite are in an X‒ray amorphous state during hydration. The variation of CAC type and water content strongly influences the hydration mechanism and phase assemblage in the ternary binders, whereas differences in mixtures with different sulphate sources are mainly related to the different dissolution kinetics of the sulphate.

This dissertation aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of solid phase composition with ongoing hydration in OPC‒rich and CAC‒CsHx rich ternary binders. The work is based on a multi‒method approach including XRD, TGA, MAS NMR spectroscopy, calorimetry, microscopy and thermodynamic calculations. From the combinations of results obtained from the different analytical methods, a schematic representation of the phase evolution with ongoing hydration in OPC and CAC‒CsHx rich combinations was achieved, along with plots showing the distributing hydrate phases in the ternary diagram OPC‒CAC‒CsHx. C‒S‒H, portlandite, ettringite and AFm phases stand as main hydration products in the OPC‒rich combinations. C‒S‒H accounts for ~70% of the X‒ray amorphous fraction. In the CAC‒CsHx rich combinations ettringite along with AH3, monosulphoaluminate, strätlingite and hydrogranet phases precipitate. The high portions of X‒ray amorphous fractions in such combinations were mainly attributed to AH3 gel and AFm phases. Additionally, comparison of QXRD results with stoichiometric calculations, thermal analysis and 27Al NMR revealed that a portion of the formed ettringite and portlandite are in an X‒ray amorphous state during hydration. The variation of CAC type and water content strongly influences the hydration mechanism and phase assemblage in the ternary binders, whereas differences in mixtures with different sulphate sources are mainly related to the different dissolution kinetics of the sulphate.

This dissertation aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of solid phase composition with ongoing hydration in OPC‒rich and CAC‒CsHx rich ternary binders. The work is based on a multi‒method approach including XRD, TGA, MAS NMR spectroscopy, calorimetry, microscopy and thermodynamic calculations. From the combinations of results obtained from the different analytical methods, a schematic representation of the phase evolution with ongoing hydration in OPC and CAC‒CsHx rich combinations was achieved, along with plots showing the distributing hydrate phases in the ternary diagram OPC‒CAC‒CsHx. C‒S‒H, portlandite, ettringite and AFm phases stand as main hydration products in the OPC‒rich combinations. C‒S‒H accounts for ~70% of the X‒ray amorphous fraction. In the CAC‒CsHx rich combinations ettringite along with AH3, monosulphoaluminate, strätlingite and hydrogranet phases precipitate. The high portions of X‒ray amorphous fractions in such combinations were mainly attributed to AH3 gel and AFm phases. Additionally, comparison of QXRD results with stoichiometric calculations, thermal analysis and 27Al NMR revealed that a portion of the formed ettringite and portlandite are in an X‒ray amorphous state during hydration. The variation of CAC type and water content strongly influences the hydration mechanism and phase assemblage in the ternary binders, whereas differences in mixtures with different sulphate sources are mainly related to the different dissolution kinetics of the sulphate.