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Understanding the impact of hunting on wildlife is necessary to protect biodiversity in remote, endangered ecosystems, where rural communities depend on bushmeat as sources of food and income. Unsustainable hunting has led to a major decline in mammal population densities across Africa, especially for ungulates and primates. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify the impact of hunting on lesula (Cercopithecus lomamiensis), a semiterrestrial and poorly known monkey in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and (2) assess the species’ relative abundance in the context of its behavioral ecology and local hunting practices. We compared the relative abundance of lesula to prey species preferred by hunters using data collected from camera trap surveys (5,960 days) and primate vocalization surveys (n = 174) and assessed species-specific hunting pressure in the buffer zone using data collected from surveillance patrols (2,255 km), hunter follows (n = 16), and semistructured interviews (n = 21). We found that the abundance of terrestrial mammal and primate species was negatively impacted by hunting in the buffer zone, but the abundance of lesula appeared relatively similar throughout its range. Our results suggest that the relative tolerance of lesula in the buffer zone was associated with its ecological niche and the specific behavior of local hunters. Lesula is a threatened, endemic monkey of the Congo Basin rainforest, and this study provides data to enable its continuous monitoring and long-term population management. Some primate populations, such as lesula, may be able to persist under specific conditions despite being subject to high hunting pressure.

Summary: As top-level piscivores, Bald Eagles are a compelling subject for the study of territory dynamics and are highly representative of the distinctive suite of avian species that occupy Florida Bay. Despite successful recovery of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leuocephalus) throughout the species range, the population breeding within Florida Bay has not mirrored this trend. Beginning in the late 1980s, Florida Bay has suffered in its capacity to support species diversity and abundance as a result of extreme changes in hydrology related to altered flows of incoming freshwater. In fact, Bald Eagle territory use in Florida Bay has declined by as much as 43% as year to year variation and sensitivity to transitions between territory states have increased. Florida Bay’s populations of other large, conspicuous fish-eating birds, including Ospreys, Great White Herons, Roseate Spoonbills, and Reddish Egrets each exhibit a similar pattern of decline. The effects of environmental degradation throughout Florida Bay are magnified at higher trophic levels. The negative trend in territory occupancy is most pronounced in southeast Florida Bay whereas effects on territory occupancy in the northwest are minimal. The presence of spatial patterns in territory occupancy, despite regionally available breeding birds, suggests that individuals are evaluating differences in habitat quality for which certain territories are no longer considered viable. Building on our current understanding of the health of this population of Bald Eagles, we have successfully implemented modeling approaches that identify key territory breeding decisions. Loss of early breeding season activity (occupied and active territories) despite maintaining high breeding success indicates that changes in territory dynamics are the result of a failure to breed and not a reproductive failure. As such, future conservation actions should promote early breeding season activity (decisions by breeding pairs to initiate nesting) i, 2017, Includes bibliography., Degree granted: Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017., Collection: FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Summary: For over a decade, researchers at Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute (HBOI) have conducted surveys of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population of Indian River Lagoon (IRL) in Florida. I have constructed a 4-stage population model using the statistical program R. The model is used to conduct a viability analysis by analyzing the relationship between birth, calf and adult survival rates. The power analysis compares survey frequency to expected confidence intervals in estimating abundance. The sensitivity analysis shows that the population is most sensitive to changes in adult survival, followed by birth rate and calf survival. The model shows a strong chance of viability over a 50 year time span. The population is vulnerable to long periods of decline if birth, calf or adult survival rates fall below certain thresholds. Overall, the model simulates the future impacts of demographic change, providing a tool for conservation efforts., 2014, Includes bibliography., Degree granted: Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014., Collection: FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Summary: In south Florida, the Greater Everglades ecosystem supports sixteen species of wading birds. Wading birds serve as important indicator species because they are highly mobile, demonstrate flexible habitat selection, and respond quickly to changes in habitat quality. Models that establish habitat relationships from distribution patterns of wading birds can be used to predict changes in habitat quality that may result from restoration and climate change. I developed spatio-temporal species distribution models for the Great Egret, White Ibis, and Wood Stork over a decadal gradient of environmental conditions to identify factors that link habitat availability to habitat use (i.e., habitat selection), habitat use to species abundance, and species abundance (over multiple scales) to nesting effort and success. Hydrological variables (depth, recession rate, days since drydown, reversal, and hydroperiod) over multiple temporal scales and with existing links to wading bird responses were used as proxies for landscape processes that influence prey availability (i.e., resources). In temporal foraging conditions (TFC) models, species demonstrated conditional preferences for resources based on resource levels at differing temporal scales. Wading bird abundance was highest when prey production from optimal periods of wetland inundation was concentrated in shallow depths. Similar responses were observed in spatial foraging conditions (SFC) models predicting spatial occurrence over time, accounting for spatial autocorrelation. The TFC index represents conditions within suitable depths that change daily and reflects patch quality, whereas the SFC index spatially represents suitability of all cells and reflects daily landscape patch abundance. I linked these indices to responses at the nest initiation and nest provisioning breeding phases from 1993-2013. The timing of increases and overall magnitude of resource pulses predicted by the TFC in March and April were strongly link, 2014, Includes bibliography., Degree granted: Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014., Collection: FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection