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What do leaders do when they interact with followers and stakeholders in a time of crisis? What networking behaviours do leaders manifest in such a context of emergency? We answer these questions through qualitative research and cluster analysis conducted on a sample of leaders involved in community management in the most affected region in northern Italy during the three key phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings span a period of 18-months and show that leaders display a behavioural repertoire that includes six networking actions. Grouped together, these actions identify three clusters of leaders: Churners, who engage mainly in network generation and network termination; Divergent leaders, who manifest high levels of network conflict and re-construal; and Sense-makers, who are high in network deepening and teleology. Our research contributes to unveil the idiographic micro-foundations of networking behaviour during organizational jolts.

PRETI, EMANUELE, open, The present work proposes a new approach for studying Rejection Sensitivity (RS) and its maladaptive effects on the individual's functioning, among adolescents and young adults. We stress the importance of considering RS not only as a static personality disposition but also as a dynamic process that unfolds within-person over time in interaction with the situations encountered. We thus propose to study it integrating both a nomothetic and an idiographic perspective. The first three chapters are situated within a nomothetic approach. In Chapter 1, we introduced an alternative scoring method for the Children Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire, which considers the cognitive and the emotional components of RS as separate factors (i.e., rejection Expectation, Anxiety and Anger about rejection, respectively). Then the attention shifts toward two individual’s characteristics that may play an important role in strengthening the effects of RS on individuals’ psychological functioning. In Chapter 2, we assessed the role of Personality Organization in moderating the association between RS and negative psychological outcomes in early adolescence. In Chapter 3, we examined whether cognitive emotion regulation strategies mediate the effect of RS on prosociality, aggression, and isolation in a young adult sample. The last three chapters are organized around the theoretical importance and practical benefit of studying RS from a dynamic perspective (i.e., idiographic approach). In Chapter 4, we studied the dynamics of the situational characteristics perceptions and the emotional reactions and of their relationships over time in a young adult sample and how these dynamics could be influenced by RS. In Chapter 5, we focused more specifically on the dynamics of rumination, situational Adversity, and two maladaptive behaviors (i.e., aggression and isolation) over time in a sample of adolescents, again investigating the role of RS in these dynamics. Finally, in Chapter 6, we went a step, Il presente lavoro di tesi propone un nuovo approccio allo studio della Rejection Sensitivity (RS) e dei suoi effetti sul funzionamento psicologico sia di adolescenti che di giovani adulti. Sottolinea quindi l’importanza di considerare la RS non solo come una disposizione statica di personalità, ma anche come un processo dinamico che prende forma all’interno dell’individuo, nel tempo e nell’interazione costante con le situazioni che l’individuo incontra nel corso della sua vita quotidiana. Per questo viene introdotta la necessità di studiare la RS integrando due approcci: quello nomotetico e quello idiografico. I primi tre capitoli descrivono ricerche effettuate seguendo un approccio nomotetico. Nel primo capitolo, abbiamo introdotto un metodo alternativo per calcolare i punteggi del Children Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire. Secondo questo metodo, la componente cognitiva e le due componenti emotive della RS vengono considerate come fattori separati (rispettivamente, Aspettativa del rifiuto, Ansia e Rabbia per il rifiuto). Poi sono state prese in considerazione due caratteristiche individuali che possono giocare un ruolo importante nel modificare gli effetti della RS sul funzionamento psicologico degli individui. Nello specifico, nel Capitolo 2, abbiamo osservato il ruolo dell’Organizzazione di Personalità nel moderare l’associazione tra RS e le conseguenze negative sul funzionamento psicologico di adolescenti. Nel Capitolo 3, abbiamo esaminato se le strategie cognitive di regolazione emotiva potessero mediare gli effetti della RS sui comportamenti prosociali, aggressivi o di isolamento, in un campione di giovani adulti. Gli ultimi tre capitoli, invece, danno importanza e mettono in luce i vantaggi teorici e pratici di studiare la RS utilizzando un approccio idiografico. Nel Capitolo 4, utilizzando un approccio dinamico è stato studiato come un campione di giovani adulti percepisse le situazioni incontrate nel corso della propria vita quotidiana e come vi reagiss, No, embargoed_20220207, Casini, E

Il presente lavoro di tesi propone un nuovo approccio allo studio della Rejection Sensitivity (RS) e dei suoi effetti sul funzionamento psicologico sia di adolescenti che di giovani adulti. Sottolinea quindi l’importanza di considerare la RS non solo come una disposizione statica di personalità, ma anche come un processo dinamico che prende forma all’interno dell’individuo, nel tempo e nell’interazione costante con le situazioni che l’individuo incontra nel corso della sua vita quotidiana. Per questo viene introdotta la necessità di studiare la RS integrando due approcci: quello nomotetico e quello idiografico. I primi tre capitoli descrivono ricerche effettuate seguendo un approccio nomotetico. Nel primo capitolo, abbiamo introdotto un metodo alternativo per calcolare i punteggi del Children Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire. Secondo questo metodo, la componente cognitiva e le due componenti emotive della RS vengono considerate come fattori separati (rispettivamente, Aspettativa del rifiuto, Ansia e Rabbia per il rifiuto). Poi sono state prese in considerazione due caratteristiche individuali che possono giocare un ruolo importante nel modificare gli effetti della RS sul funzionamento psicologico degli individui. Nello specifico, nel Capitolo 2, abbiamo osservato il ruolo dell’Organizzazione di Personalità nel moderare l’associazione tra RS e le conseguenze negative sul funzionamento psicologico di adolescenti. Nel Capitolo 3, abbiamo esaminato se le strategie cognitive di regolazione emotiva potessero mediare gli effetti della RS sui comportamenti prosociali, aggressivi o di isolamento, in un campione di giovani adulti. Gli ultimi tre capitoli, invece, danno importanza e mettono in luce i vantaggi teorici e pratici di studiare la RS utilizzando un approccio idiografico. Nel Capitolo 4, utilizzando un approccio dinamico è stato studiato come un campione di giovani adulti percepisse le situazioni incontrate nel corso della propria vita quotidiana e come vi rea, The present work proposes a new approach for studying Rejection Sensitivity (RS) and its maladaptive effects on the individual's functioning, among adolescents and young adults. We stress the importance of considering RS not only as a static personality disposition but also as a dynamic process that unfolds within-person over time in interaction with the situations encountered. We thus propose to study it integrating both a nomothetic and an idiographic perspective. The first three chapters are situated within a nomothetic approach. In Chapter 1, we introduced an alternative scoring method for the Children Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire, which considers the cognitive and the emotional components of RS as separate factors (i.e., rejection Expectation, Anxiety and Anger about rejection, respectively). Then the attention shifts toward two individual’s characteristics that may play an important role in strengthening the effects of RS on individuals’ psychological functioning. In Chapter 2, we assessed the role of Personality Organization in moderating the association between RS and negative psychological outcomes in early adolescence. In Chapter 3, we examined whether cognitive emotion regulation strategies mediate the effect of RS on prosociality, aggression, and isolation in a young adult sample. The last three chapters are organized around the theoretical importance and practical benefit of studying RS from a dynamic perspective (i.e., idiographic approach). In Chapter 4, we studied the dynamics of the situational characteristics perceptions and the emotional reactions and of their relationships over time in a young adult sample and how these dynamics could be influenced by RS. In Chapter 5, we focused more specifically on the dynamics of rumination, situational Adversity, and two maladaptive behaviors (i.e., aggression and isolation) over time in a sample of adolescents, again investigating the role of RS in these dynamics. Finally, in Chapter 6, we went a step

Jasmin Andrea Franchi, Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin, Universität Innsbruck, Masterarbeit, 2018, (VLID)2807808

The perspective of contemporaneity is a highly dilemmatic ideological space which needs to be analyzed and re-thought within the indigenous premises of thought. If we delve into the roots of ‘now’ ness we find that that we are defined by a past which is mostly girdled by the colonial shadows which continues to invade every segments of human civilization. The biggest dispute of contemporaneity which interrupts the current format of discourse is that the modernity we interpret is the simulated version of coloniality or a form of modernity which still continues to be defined by colonial aesthetics. The ideographical illustrations of the colonizers needs to be succinctly interpreted so that the process of decolonization could be initiated as a logical, constructive nomothetic method de-linked from every form of physical and metaphysical colonial establishments.

In an earlier article, the authors assessed the clinical significance of each of 19 Clinician Administered PTSD Scale items and composite scores (CAPS-1) [1] when 12 clinicians evaluated a Vietnam era veteran. A second patient was also evaluated by the same 12 clinicians and used for cross-validation purposes [2]. The objectives of this follow-up research are: (1) to describe and apply novel bio-statistical methods for establishing the statistical significance of these reliability estimates when the same 12 examiners evaluated each of the two Vietnam era patients. This approach is also utilized within the broader contexts of the ideographic and nomothetic conceptualizations to science, and the interplay between statistical and clinical or practical significance; (2) to detail the steps for applying the new methodology; and (3) to investigate whether the quality of the symptoms (frequency, intensity); item content; or specific clinician affect the levels of rater reliability. The more typical (nomothetic) reliability research design focuses on group averages and broader principles related to biomedical issues, rather than the focus on the individual case (ideographic approach). Both research designs (ideographic and nomothetic) have been incorporated in this follow-up research endeavor.

At the end of the 19th century, Wilhelm Windelband proposed a distinction between nomothetic and idiographic re-search, which became highly relevant for the discussion of the nature of psychological science. During the 20th cen-tury, a number of writers (including William Stern, Gordon Allport, James Lamiell and David Magnusson) have criti-cized the focus on variables rather than persons, and populations rather than individuals, which has characterized much of psychological research. As a corrective, they have argued for the importance of various forms of idiograph-ic or person-oriented research. The main purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss some of the arguments put forward by these writers, both with regard to their conceptualization of the person and with regard to how they pic-ture idiographic or person-oriented research. A preliminary classification is suggested of different varieties of idio-graphic and person-oriented research, which differ in terms of how they relate to nomothetic research, and whether they focus on variables or on patterns. It is suggested that the contrast between variable- and person-oriented re-search may be dissolved into two different contrasts: (a) individual- versus population-focused research, and (b) variable- versus pattern-focused research.

A key assumption in the person-oriented approach is that a person must be understood as a complex, integrated system, represented by patterns of within-person variation rather than scores on separate variables. The term ‘system’ does, however, have multiple meanings, which are not clearly distinguished in the person-oriented literature. I try to disentangle causal interactionism, which describes the psychological consequences and functions of each component of the system as dependent upon its causal interaction with other system components, from content holism, which describes the system components as in part constituted by their relations to each other and the system as a whole. Although the terms ‘interactionism’ and ‘holism’ are often treated as combinable and interchangeable, causal interactionism and content holism pertain to distinct kinds of research problems. Causal interactionism construes the person in terms of the hierarchically structured mechanistic systems that underpin his or her attributes and shape them over time, and can be exemplified in terms of Magnusson’s developmental approach, whereas content holism is integral to our understanding of the person as an intentional system, whose mental states and actions are interweaved through principles or logic and rationality rather than material causality, and can be exemplified in terms of Stephenson’s Q-methodological approach.