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1. Determinants of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Among Adult Patients with Diabetes Attending the Diabetic Clinic in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case–Control Study

Author: Woldemariam,Guesh Teklu, Atnafu,Niguse Tadele, Radie,Yosief Tsige, Wolde,Getahun Tarekegn, Gebreagziabher,Teklehaimanot Tesfay, Gebrehiwot,Tesfay Gebreslassie, Teka,Yared Haileselassie, Hagos,Milete Gebrehiwot, Hagezom,Haftamu Mamo, Yigzaw,Hailu Belay, Gebremedhin,Haftom Tesfay, Mezgebo,Hagos Mehari, Gebremariam,Alem, Woldemariam,Guesh Teklu, Atnafu,Niguse Tadele, Radie,Yosief Tsige, Wolde,Getahun Tarekegn, Gebreagziabher,Teklehaimanot Tesfay, Gebrehiwot,Tesfay Gebreslassie, Teka,Yared Haileselassie, Hagos,Milete Gebrehiwot, Hagezom,Haftamu Mamo, Yigzaw,Hailu Belay, Gebremedhin,Haftom Tesfay, Mezgebo,Hagos Mehari, and Gebremariam,Alem
Abstract: Guesh Teklu Woldemariam,1 Niguse Tadele Atnafu,2 Yosief Tsige Radie,2 Getahun Tarekegn Wolde,3 Teklehaimanot Tesfay Gebreagziabher,1 Tesfay Gebreslassie Gebrehiwot,1 Yared Haileselassie Teka,1 Milete Gebrehiwot Hagos,1 Haftamu Mamo Hagezom,4 Hailu Belay Yigzaw,4 Haftom Tesfay Gebremedhin,4 Hagos Mehari Mezgebo,4 Alem Gebremariam5 1Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia; 2School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 3Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 4Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, Ethiopia; 5Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Tigrai, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Guesh Teklu WoldemariamDepartment of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Postal Address: 50, Tigrai, EthiopiaTel +251940304140Email gueshomt21@gmail.comBackground: Diabetic foot ulcer is among the commonest complications of diabetic mellitus attributed to a number of morbidity and mortality cases in diabetic patients. Nowadays, the incidence of diabetic foot ulcer is increasing due to the increased prevalence of diabetes. However, the risk factors of the problem are less studied in Ethiopia. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the determinants of diabetic foot ulcer among adult patients with diabetes attending a diabetic clinic in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in 2019.Patients and Methods: An institution-based unmatched case–control study was conducted on 161 patients with diabetes (53 patients with diabetes with foot ulcer and 108 patients with diabetes without foot ulcer). Cases were selected from patients with diabetes with foot ulcer by consecutive sampling technique and controls from patients with diabetes without diabetic foot ulcer by systema
Published: 2020

2. The burden of cardiovascular diseases among us states, 1990-2016

Author: Roth, Gregory A., Johnson, Catherine O., Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Ahmed, Muktar, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Ansari, Hossein, Ärnlöv, Johan, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Awasthi, Ashish, Awoke, Tadesse, Barac, Aleksandra, Bärnighausen, Till, Bedi, Neeraj, Bennett, Derrick, Bensenor, Isabela, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Davletov, Kairat, Dharmaratne, Samath, Ding, Eric L., Dubey, Manisha, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha, Farvid, Maryam S., Feigin, Valery, Fernandes, João, Frostad, Joseph, Gebru, Alemseged, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gona, Philimon Nyakauru, Griswold, Max, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hankey, Graeme J., Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Simon, Heckbert, Susan R., Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, James, Spencer Lewis, Jara, Dube, Kasaeian, Amir, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Abdullah T., Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Daniel, Kolte, Dhaval, Lal, Dharmesh, Larsson, Anders, Linn, Shai, Lotufo, Paulo A., El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, Mazidi, Mohsen, Meier, Toni, Mendoza, Walter, Mensah, George A., Meretoja, Atte, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Moran, Andrew Edward, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh, Ong, Kanyin Liane, Owolabi, Mayowa, Pletcher, Martin, Pourmalek, Farshad, Purcell, Caroline A., Qorbani, Mostafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus, Safiri, Saeid, Salomon, Joshua A., Sartorius, Benn, Sepanlou, Sadaf Ghajarieh, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Silva, Diego, Stranges, Saverio, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Atnafu, Niguse Tadele, Thakur, J.S., Topor-Madry, Roman, Truelsen, Thomas, Tuzcu, E.M., Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Vasankari, Tommi, Vlassov, Vasiliy, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wakayo, Tolassa, Weintraub, Robert, Wolfe, Charles, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yano, Yuichiro, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Zipkin, Ben, Afshin, Ashkan, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Lim, Stephen S., Mokdad, Ali H., Naghavi, Mohsen, Vos, Theo, Murray, Christopher J.L., Roth, Gregory A., Johnson, Catherine O., Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Ahmed, Muktar, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Ansari, Hossein, Ärnlöv, Johan, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Awasthi, Ashish, Awoke, Tadesse, Barac, Aleksandra, Bärnighausen, Till, Bedi, Neeraj, Bennett, Derrick, Bensenor, Isabela, Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Davletov, Kairat, Dharmaratne, Samath, Ding, Eric L., Dubey, Manisha, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha, Farvid, Maryam S., Feigin, Valery, Fernandes, João, Frostad, Joseph, Gebru, Alemseged, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Gona, Philimon Nyakauru, Griswold, Max, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hankey, Graeme J., Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Simon, Heckbert, Susan R., Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, James, Spencer Lewis, Jara, Dube, Kasaeian, Amir, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khera, Sahil, Khoja, Abdullah T., Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Daniel, Kolte, Dhaval, Lal, Dharmesh, Larsson, Anders, Linn, Shai, Lotufo, Paulo A., El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, Mazidi, Mohsen, Meier, Toni, Mendoza, Walter, Mensah, George A., Meretoja, Atte, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Moran, Andrew Edward, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Minh, Ong, Kanyin Liane, Owolabi, Mayowa, Pletcher, Martin, Pourmalek, Farshad, Purcell, Caroline A., Qorbani, Mostafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus, Safiri, Saeid, Salomon, Joshua A., Sartorius, Benn, Sepanlou, Sadaf Ghajarieh, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Silva, Diego, Stranges, Saverio, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Atnafu, Niguse Tadele, Thakur, J.S., Topor-Madry, Roman, Truelsen, Thomas, Tuzcu, E.M., Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Vasankari, Tommi, Vlassov, Vasiliy, Vollset, Stein Emil, Wakayo, Tolassa, Weintraub, Robert, Wolfe, Charles, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Xu, Gelin, Yadgir, Simon, Yano, Yuichiro, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa, Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Zipkin, Ben, Afshin, Ashkan, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Lim, Stephen S., Mokdad, Ali H., Naghavi, Mohsen, Vos, Theo, and Murray, Christopher J.L.
Abstract: Importance: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, but regional variation within the United States is large. Comparable and consistent state-level measures of total CVD burden and risk factors have not been produced previously. Objective: To quantify and describe levels and trends of lost health due to CVD within the United States from 1990 to 2016 as well as risk factors driving these changes. Design, setting, and participants: Using the Global Burden of Disease methodology, cardiovascular disease mortality, nonfatal health outcomes, and associated risk factors were analyzed by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2016 for all residents in the United States using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling. Burden of disease was estimated for 10 groupings of CVD, and comparative risk analysis was performed. Data were analyzed from August 2016 to July 2017. Exposures: Residing in the United States. Main outcomes ans measures: Cardiovascular disease disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results: Between 1990 and 2016, age-standardized CVD DALYs for all states decreased. Several states had large rises in their relative rank ordering for total CVD DALYs among states, including Arkansas, Oklahoma, Alabama, Kentucky, Missouri, Indiana, Kansas, Alaska, and Iowa. The rate of decline varied widely across states, and CVD burden increased for a small number of states in the most recent years. Cardiovascular disease DALYs remained twice as large among men compared with women. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of CVD DALYs in all states, but the second most common varied by state. Trends were driven by 12 groups of risk factors, with the largest attributable CVD burden due to dietary risk exposures followed by high systolic blood pressure, high body mass index, high total cholesterol level, high fasting plasma glucose level, tobacco smoking, and low levels of physical activity. Increases in risk-de
Published: 2018

3. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Abajobir, A, Abate, K, Abbafati, C, Abbas, K, Abd-Allah, F, Abdulkader, R, Abdulle, A, Abebo, T, Abera, S, Aboyans, V, Abu-Raddad, L, Ackerman, I, Adedeji, I, Adetokunboh, O, Afshin, A, Aggarwal, R, Agrawal, S, Agrawal, A, Ahmed, M, Aichour, M, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aiyar, S, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al Lami, F, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, N, Alam, T, Alasfoor, D, Alene, K, Ali, R, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkaabi, J, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Al-Maskari, F, Almazroa, M, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Alsowaidi, S, Althouse, B, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amoako, Y, Ansha, M, Antonio, C, Anwari, P, Ärnlöv, J, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, K, Asgedom, S, Atey, T, Atnafu, N, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Awasthi, S, Azarpazhooh, M, Azzopardi, P, Babalola, T, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bannick, M, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barrero, L, Basu, S, Battista, R, Battle, K, Baune, B, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Beardsley, J, Bedi, N, Béjot, Y, Bekele, B, Bell, M, Bennett, D, Bennett, J, Bensenor, I, Benson, J, Berhane, A, Berhe, D, Bernabé, E, Betsu, B, Beuran, M, Beyene, A, Bhansali, A, Bhatt, S, Bhutta, Z, Biadgilign, S, Bicer, B, Bienhoff, K, Bikbov, B, Birungi, C, Biryukov, S, Bisanzio, D, Bizuayehu, H, Blyth, F, Boneya, D, Bose, D, Bou-Orm, I, Bourne, R, Brainin, M, Brayne, C, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, N, Briant, P, Britton, G, Brugha, T, Buchbinder, R, Bulto, L, Bumgarner, B, Butt, Z, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Cameron, E, Campos-Nonato, I, Carabin, H, Cárdenas, R, Carpenter, D, Carrero, J, Carter, A, Carvalho, F, Casey, D, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castle, C, Catalá-López, F, Chang, J, Charlson, F, Chaturvedi, P, Chen, H, Chibalabala, M, Chibueze, C, Chisumpa, V, Chitheer, A, Chowdhury, R, Christopher, D, Ciobanu, L, Cirillo, M, Colombara, D, Cooper, L, Cooper, C, Cortesi, P, Cortinovis, M, Criqui, M, Cromwell, E, Cross, M, Crump, J, Dadi, A, Dalal, K, Damasceno, A, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, das Neves, J, Davitoiu, D, Davletov, K, de Courten, B, De Leo, D, De Steur, H, Defo, B, Degenhardt, L, Deiparine, S, Dellavalle, R, Deribe, K, Deribew, A, Des Jarlais, D, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhillon, P, Dicker, D, Djalainia, S, Do, H, Dokova, K, Doku, D, Dorsey, E, dos Santos, K, Driscoll, T, Dubey, M, Duncan, B, Ebel, B, Echko, M, El-Khatib, Z, Enayati, A, Endries, A, Ermakov, S, Erskine, H, Eshetie, S, Eshrati, B, Esteghamati, A, Estep, K, Fanuel, F, Farag, T, Farinha, C, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fazeli, M, Feigin, V, Feigl, A, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, J, Ferrari, A, Feyissa, T, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fitzmaurice, C, Flaxman, A, Foigt, N, Foreman, K, Franklin, R, Frostad, J, Fullman, N, Fürst, T, Furtado, J, Futran, N, Gakidou, E, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Gebre, T, Gebregergs, G, Gebrehiwot, T, Geleijnse, J, Geleto, A, Gemechu, B, Gesesew, H, Gething, P, Ghajar, A, Gibney, K, Gillum, R, Ginawi, I, Gishu, M, Giussani, G, Godwin, W, Goel, K, Goenka, S, Goldberg, E, Gona, P, Goodridge, A, Gopalani, S, Gosselin, R, Gotay, C, Goto, A, Goulart, A, Graetz, N, Gugnani, H, Gupta, P, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gupta, V, Gutiérrez, R, Hachinski, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hailu, A, Hailu, G, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Hammami, M, Handal, A, Hankey, G, Hao, Y, Harb, H, Hareri, H, Haro, J, Harun, K, Harvey, J, Hassanvand, M, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, Hay, R, Hedayati, M, Hendrie, D, Henry, N, Heredia-Pi, I, Heydarpour, P, Hoek, H, Hoffman, H, Horino, M, Horita, N, Hosgood, H, Hostiuc, S, Hotez, P, Hoy, D, Htet, A, Hu, G, Huang, J, Huynh, C, Iburg, K, Igumbor, E, Ikeda, C, Irvine, C, Islam, S, Jacobsen, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, James, P, Jassal, S, Javanbakht, M, Jayaraman, S, Jeemon, P, Jensen, P, Jha, V, Jiang, G, John, D, Johnson, C, Johnson, S, Jonas, J, Jürisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kamal, R, Kar, C, Karam, N, Karch, A, Karema, C, Karimi, S, Karimkhani, C, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, G, Kassaw, N, Kassebaum, N, Kastor, A, Katikireddi, S, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Keiyoro, P, Kemmer, L, Kengne, A, Keren, A, Kesavachandran, C, Khader, Y, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khang, Y, Khoja, A, Khosravi, A, Khubchandani, J, Kiadaliri, A, Kieling, C, Kim, Y, Kim, D, Kimokoti, R, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kissoon, N, Kivimaki, M, Knudsen, A, Kokubo, Y, Kolte, D, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Kotsakis, G, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krohn, K, Kumar, G, Kumar, P, Kyu, H, Lager, A, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lambert, N, Lan, Q, Lansingh, V, Larsson, A, Leasher, J, Lee, P, Leigh, J, Leshargie, C, Leung, J, Leung, R, Levi, M, Li, Y, Liang, X, Liben, M, Lim, S, Linn, S, Liu, P, Liu, A, Liu, S, Liu, Y, Lodha, R, Logroscino, G, Looker, K, Lopez, A, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lozano, R, Lucas, T, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, R, Macarayan, E, Maddison, E, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Magis-Rodriguez, C, Mahdavi, M, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Manguerra, H, Manhertz, T, Mantovani, L, Mapoma, C, March, L, Marczak, L, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins, P, Martins-Melo, F, Martopullo, I, März, W, Mathur, M, Mazidi, M, Mcalinden, C, Mcgaughey, M, Mcgrath, J, Mckee, M, Mehata, S, Meier, T, Meles, K, Memiah, P, Memish, Z, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, M, Mengistie, M, Mengistu, D, Mensah, G, Meretoja, T, Meretoja, A, Mezgebe, H, Micha, R, Millear, A, Miller, T, Minnig, S, Mirarefin, M, Mirrakhimov, E, Misganaw, A, Mishra, S, Mitchell, P, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, M, Mohammed, K, Mohammed, S, Mohan, M, Mokdad, A, Mollenkopf, S, Monasta, L, Montañez Hernandez, J, Montico, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Mori, R, Morrison, S, Moses, M, Mountjoy-Venning, C, Mruts, K, Mueller, U, Muller, K, Murdoch, M, Murray, C, Murthy, G, Murthy, S, Musa, K, Nachega, J, Nagel, G, Naghavi, M, Naheed, A, Naidoo, K, Nangia, V, Nasher, J, Natarajan, G, Negasa, D, Negoi, R, Negoi, I, Newton, C, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, Q, Nguyen, T, Nguyen, G, Nguyen, M, Nichols, E, Ningrum, D, Nong, V, Norheim, O, Norrving, B, Noubiap, J, Nyandwi, A, Obermeyer, C, O'Donnell, M, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Okoro, A, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Olsen, H, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Ong, K, Opio, J, Oren, E, Ortiz, A, Osborne, R, Osgood-Zimmerman, A, Osman, M, Ota, E, Owolabi, M, Pa, M, Pacella, R, Panda, B, Pandian, J, Papachristou, C, Park, E, Parry, C, Parsaeian, M, Patil, S, Patten, S, Patton, G, Paudel, D, Paulson, K, Pearce, N, Pereira, D, Perez, K, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Peterson, C, Petri, W, Petzold, M, Phillips, M, Phipps, G, Pigott, D, Pillay, J, Pinho, C, Piradov, M, Plass, D, Pletcher, M, Popova, S, Poulton, R, Pourmalek, F, Prabhakaran, D, Prasad, N, Purcell, C, Purwar, M, Qorbani, M, Quintanilla, B, Rabiee, R, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi, K, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rai, R, Rajsic, S, Ram, U, Ranabhat, C, Rangaswamy, T, Rankin, Z, Rao, P, Rawaf, S, Ray, S, Reiner, R, Reinig, N, Reitsma, M, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, S, Ribeiro, A, Rivas, J, Roba, H, Robinson, S, Rojas-Rueda, D, Rokni, M, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Roth, G, Rothenbacher, D, Roy, A, Rubagotti, E, Ruhago, G, Saadat, S, Safdarian, M, Safiri, S, Sagar, R, Sahathevan, R, Sahraian, M, Salama, J, Saleh, M, Salomon, J, Salvi, S, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sanchez-Niño, M, Santomauro, D, Santos, J, Santos, I, Santric Milicevic, M, Sartorius, B, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Saxena, S, Schelonka, K, Schmidt, M, Schneider, I, Schöttker, B, Schutte, A, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Seedat, S, Sepanlou, S, Servan-Mori, E, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Shamsipour, M, Sharma, R, Sharma, J, She, J, Shi, P, Shibuya, K, Shields, C, Shifa, G, Shiferaw, M, Shigematsu, M, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shirude, S, Shishani, K, Shoman, H, Siabani, S, Sibai, A, Sigfusdottir, I, Silberberg, D, Silva, D, Silva, J, Silveira, D, Singh, J, Singh, O, Singh, N, Singh, V, Sinha, D, Skiadaresi, E, Slepak, E, Smith, D, Smith, M, Sobaih, B, Sobngwi, E, Soljak, M, Sorensen, R, 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Abstract: Background: Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with expected trends on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Methods: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost and years of life lived with disability for each location, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using age-specific death rates and years of life lived with disability per capita. We explored how DALYs and HALE difered from expected trends when compared with the SDI: the geometric mean of income per person, educational attainment in the population older than age 15 years, and total fertility rate. Findings: The highest globally observed HALE at birth for both women and men was in Singapore, at 75·2 years (95% uncertainty interval 71·9-78·6) for females and 72·0 years (68·8-75·1) for males. The lowest for females was in the Central African Republic (45·6 years [42·0-49·5]) and for males was in Lesotho (41·5 years [39·0-44·0]). From 1990 to 2016, global HALE increased by an average of 6·24 years (5·97-6·48) for both sexes combined. Global HALE increased by 6·04 years (5·74-6·27) for males and 6·49 years (6·08-6·77) for females, whereas HALE at age 65 years increased by 1·78 years (1·61-1·93) for males
Published: 2017

4. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

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Ahmad, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Yun Jin, Kim, Daniel, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna A, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivimaki, Mika, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolte, Dhaval, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotsakis, Georgios A, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lager, Anton Carl Jonas, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lambert, Nkurunziza, Lan, Qing, Lansingh, Van C, Larsson, Anders, Leasher, Janet L, Lee, Paul H, Leigh, James, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yichong, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Xiaofeng, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Stephen S, Linn, Shai, Liu, Patrick Y, Liu, Angela, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Yang, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katharine J, Lopez, Alan D, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Rafael, Lucas, Timothy C D, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Maddison, Emilie R, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos, Mahdavi, Mahdi, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manguerra, Helena, Manhertz, Treh, Mantovani, Lorenzo G, Mapoma, Chabila C, March, Lyn M, Marczak, Laurie B, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins, Paulo Henrique Viegas, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, März, Winfried, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGaughey, Madeline, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Mehata, Suresh, Meier, Toni, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengesha, Melkamu Merid, Mengistie, Mubarek Abera, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Meretoja, Atte, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Micha, Renata, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R, Minnig, Shawn, Mirarefin, Mojde, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke, 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Abstract: Background: Measurement of changes in health across locations is useful to compare and contrast changing epidemiological patterns against health system performance and identify specific needs for resource allocation in research, policy development, and programme decision making. Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we drew from two widely used summary measures to monitor such changes in population health: disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE). We used these measures to track trends and benchmark progress compared with expected trends on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Methods: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost and years of life lived with disability for each location, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using age-specific death rates and years of life lived with disability per capita. We explored how DALYs and HALE difered from expected trends when compared with the SDI: the geometric mean of income per person, educational attainment in the population older than age 15 years, and total fertility rate. Findings: The highest globally observed HALE at birth for both women and men was in Singapore, at 75·2 years (95% uncertainty interval 71·9-78·6) for females and 72·0 years (68·8-75·1) for males. The lowest for females was in the Central African Republic (45·6 years [42·0-49·5]) and for males was in Lesotho (41·5 years [39·0-44·0]). From 1990 to 2016, global HALE increased by an average of 6·24 years (5·97-6·48) for both sexes combined. Global HALE increased by 6·04 years (5·74-6·27) for males and 6·49 years (6·08-6·77) for females, whereas HALE at age 65 years increased by 1·78 years (1·61-1·93) for males
Published: 2017

5. Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015 : a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Author: Barber, Ryan M., Fullman, Nancy, Sorensen, Reed J. D., Bollyky, Thomas, McKee, Martin, Nolte, Ellen, Abajobir, Amanuel Alemu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdulle, Abdishakur M., Abdurahman, Ahmed Abdulahi, Abera, Semaw Ferede, Abraham, Biju, Abreha, Girmatsion Fisseha, Adane, Kelemework, Adelekan, Ademola Lukman, Adetifa, Ifedayo Morayo O., Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Arnav, Agarwal, Sanjay Kumar, Agarwal, Sunilkumar, Agrawal, Anurag, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmed, Kedir Yimam, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F., Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Sayed Saidul, Alemu, Zewdie Aderaw, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alexander, Lily, Ali, Raghib, Ali, Syed Danish, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Martin, Elena Alvarez, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amo-Adjei, Joshu, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anderson, Benjamin O., Androudi, Sofia, Ansari, Hossein, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Aernloev, Johan, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Assadi, Reza, Astatkie, Ayalew, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Atique, Suleman, Atnafu, Niguse Tadele, Atre, Sachin R., Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G. Arthur, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayele, Nebiyu Negussu, Azzopardi, Peter, Saleem, Huda Omer Ba, Baernighausen, Till, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Banerjee, Amitava, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A., Barker-Collo, Suzanne L., Barrero, Lope H., Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Baye, Kaleab, Bayou, Yibeltal Tebekaw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Bejot, Yannick, Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernal, Oscar Alberto, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Beyene, Tariku Jibat, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Biadgilign, Sibhatu, Bikbov, Boris, Birlik, Sait Mentes, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Bisanzio, Donal, Bizuayehu, Habtamu Mellie, Bose, Dipan, Brainin, Michael, Brauer, Michael, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brenner, Hermann, Butt, Zahid A., Cardenas, Rosario, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Car, Josip, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Casey, Daniel, Caso, Valeria, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cecilio, Pedro, Cercy, Kelly, Charlson, Fiona J., Chen, Alan Z., Chew, Adrienne, Chibalabala, Mirriam, Chibueze, Chioma Ezinne, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal A., Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Coggeshall, Megan S., Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortinovis, Monica, Crump, John A., Dalal, Koustuv, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I., das Neves, Jose, Davey, Gail, Davitoiu, Dragos V., Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, Del Gobbo, Liana C., del Pozo-Cruz, Borja, Dellavalle, Robert P., Deribe, Kebede, Deribew, Amare, Jarlais, Don C. Des, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D., Dicker, Daniel, Ding, Eric L., Dokova, Klara, Dorsey, E. Ray, Doyle, Kerrie E., Dubey, Manisha, Ehrenkranz, Rebecca, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Elyazar, Iqbal, Enayati, Ahmadali, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Fuerst, Thomas, Faghmous, Imad D. A., Fanuel, Fanuel Belayneh Bekele, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Farid, Talha A., Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Feigin, Valery L., Feigl, Andrea B., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Jefferson G., Fernandes, Joao C., Feyissa, Tesfaye Regassa, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Fleming, Thomas D., Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J., Forouzanfar, Mohammad H., Franklin, Richard C., Frostad, Joseph, hiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde G., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gao, Wayne, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gebre, Teshome, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gebremichael, Mengistu Welday, Gebru, Alemseged Aregay, Gelaye, Amha Admasie, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Genova-Maleras, Ricard, Gibney, Katherine B., Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W., Gold, Audra, Goldberg, Ellen M., Gona, Philimon N., Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goto, Atsushi, Graetz, Nicholas, Greaves, Felix, Griswold, Max, Guban, Peter Imre, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Vipin, Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Demewoz, Hailu, Alemayehu Desalegne, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hakuzimana, Alex, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome, Hamidi, Samer, Hammami, Mouhanad, Hankey, Graeme J., Hao, Yuantao, Harb, Hilda L., Hareri, Habtamu Abera, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassanvand, Mohammad Sadegh, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J., Hay, Simon I., Hendrie, Delia, Heredia-Pi, Ileana Beatriz, Hoek, Hans W., Horino, Masako, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Hsiang, Huang, John J., Huntley, Bethany M., Huynh, Chantal, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Innos, Kaire, Irenso, Asnake Ararsa, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B., James, Peter, James, Spencer Lewis, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayaraman, Sudha P., Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Vivekanand, John, Denny, Johnson, Catherine, Johnson, Sarah C., Jonas, Jost B., Juel, Knud, Kabir, Zubair, Kalkonde, Yogeshwar, Kamal, Ritul, Kan, Haidong, Karch, Andre, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimi, Seyed M., Kasaeian, Amir, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kastor, Anshul, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemmer, Laura, Kemp, Andrew Haddon, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kerbo, Amene Abebe, Kereselidze, Maia, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalil, Ibrahim, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Khonelidze, Irma, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Pauline, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivipelto, Miia, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kolk, Anneli, Kolte, Dhaval, Kopec, Jacek A., Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Krohn, Kristopher J., Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kulkarni, Veena S., Kumar, G. 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A., Pain, Amanda W., Pakhale, Smita, Castillo, Elizabeth Palomares, Pana, Adrian, Papachristou, Christina, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Tejas, Patton, George C., Paudel, Deepak, Paul, Vinod K., Pearce, Neil, Pereira, David M., Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perez-Ruiz, Fernando, Perico, Norberto, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael Robert, Pigott, David M., Pillay, Julian David, Pinho, Christine, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D., Prakash, V., Purwar, Manorama, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quistberg, D. Alex, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M., Rankin, Zane, Rao, Paturi Vishnupriya, Rao, Puja C., Rawaf, Salman, Rego, Maria Albertina Santiago, Reitsma, Marissa, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M. N. N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ribeiro, Antonio L., Roba, Hirbo Shore, Rokni, Mohammad Bagher, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Nawal K., Sachdev, Perminder S., Sackey, Ben Benasco, Saeedi, Mohammad Yahya, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Salomon, Joshua A., Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sanchez-Nino, Maria Dolores, Sandar, Logan, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, Joao Vasco, Milicevic, Milena M. Santric, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Saylan, Mete I., Schoettker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta E., Schwebel, David C., Seedat, Soraya, Seid, Abdulbasit Musa, Seifu, Canaan Negash, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serdar, Berrin, Servan-Mori, Edson E., Setegn, Tesfaye, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shaheen, Amira, Shahraz, Saeid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakh-Nazarova, Marina, Shamsipour, Mansour, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shen, Jiabin, Shi, Peilin, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shoman, Haitham, Shrime, Mark G., Sibamo, Ephrem Lejore Sibamo, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Sindi, Shireen, Singh, Abhishek, Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Om Prakash, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Virendra, Sinke, Abiy Hiruye, Sinshaw, Aklilu Endalamaw, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, Alison, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soneji, Samir, Soriano, Joan B., Sousa, Tatiane Cristina Moraes, Sposato, Luciano A., Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinke, Sabine, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Stranges, Saverio, Strong, Mark, Stroumpoulis, Konstantinos, Sturua, Lela, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sun, Jiandong, Sur, Patrick, Swaminathan, Soumya, Sykes, Bryan L., Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M., Taffere, Getachew Redae, Talongwa, Roberto Tchio, Tarajia, Musharaf, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Teeple, Stephanie, Tegegne, Teketo Kassaw, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekelab, Tesfalidet, Tekle, Dejen Yemane, Shifa, Girma Temam, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Thakur, J. S., Thomson, Alan J., Tillmann, Taavi, Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tortajada, Miguel, Troeger, Christopher, Truelsen, Thomas, Tura, Abera Kenay, Uchendu, Uche S., Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Undurraga, Eduardo A., Uneke, Chigozie Jesse, Uthman, Olalekan A., van Boven, Job F. M., Van Dingenen, Rita, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vladimirov, Sergey K., Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wagner, Joseph A., Wakayo, Tolassa, Waller, Stephen G., Walson, Judd L., Wang, Haidong, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Watkins, David A., Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G., Wen, Chi-Pang, Werdecker, Andrea, Wesana, Joshua, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A., Wilkinson, James D., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Woldeyes, Belete Getahun, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Won, Sungho, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Workie, Shimelash Bitew, Wubshet, Mamo, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Ajit Kumar, Yaghoubi, Mohsen, Yakob, Bereket, Yan, Lijing L., Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimam, Hassen Hamid, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yu, Chuanhua, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zambrana-Torrelio, Carlos, Zapata, Tomas, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zoeckler, Leo, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, and Murray, Christopher J. L.
Abstract: Background National levels of personal health-care access and quality can be approximated by measuring mortality rates from causes that should not be fatal in the presence of effective medical care (ie, amenable mortality). Previous analyses of mortality amenable to health care only focused on high-income countries and faced several methodological challenges. In the present analysis, we use the highly standardised cause of death and risk factor estimates generated through the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to improve and expand the quantification of personal health-care access and quality for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. Methods We mapped the most widely used list of causes amenable to personal health care developed by Nolte and McKee to 32 GBD causes. We accounted for variations in cause of death certification and misclassifications through the extensive data standardisation processes and redistribution algorithms developed for GBD. To isolate the effects of personal health-care access and quality, we risk-standardised cause-specific mortality rates for each geography-year by removing the joint effects of local environmental and behavioural risks, and adding back the global levels of risk exposure as estimated for GBD 2015. We employed principal component analysis to create a single, interpretable summary measure-the Healthcare Quality and Access (HAQ) Index-on a scale of 0 to 100. The HAQ Index showed strong convergence validity as compared with other health-system indicators, including health expenditure per capita (r= 0.88), an index of 11 universal health coverage interventions (r= 0.83), and human resources for health per 1000 (r= 0.77). We used free disposal hull analysis with bootstrapping to produce a frontier based on the relationship between the HAQ Index and the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a measure of overall development consisting of income per capita, average years of education, and total ferti
Published: 2017
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5 results on '"Niguse Tadele"'

1. Determinants of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Among Adult Patients with Diabetes Attending the Diabetic Clinic in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case–Control Study

2. The burden of cardiovascular diseases among us states, 1990-2016

3. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

4. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

5. Healthcare Access and Quality Index based on mortality from causes amenable to personal health care in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015 : a novel analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

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