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Researchers may perform regressions using a sketch of data of size $m$ instead of the full sample of size $n$ for a variety of reasons. This paper considers the case when the regression errors do not have constant variance and heteroskedasticity robust standard errors would normally be needed for test statistics to provide accurate inference. We show that estimates using data sketched by random projections will behave `as if' the errors were homoskedastic. Estimation by random sampling would not have this property. The result arises because the sketched estimates in the case of random projections can be expressed as degenerate $U$-statistics, and under certain conditions, these statistics are asymptotically normal with homoskedastic variance. We verify that the conditions hold not only in the case of least squares regression when the covariates are exogenous, but also in instrumental variables estimation when the covariates are endogenous. The result implies that inference, including first-stage F tests for instrument relevance, can be simpler than the full sample case if the sketching scheme is appropriately chosen., Comment: 42 pages, 4 tables. Accepted for presentation at ICML 2022

This paper considers a moments-based nonlinear estimator that is √T-consistent and uniformly asymptotically normal irrespective of the degree of persistence of the forcing process. These properties hold for linear autoregressive models, linear predictive regressions, and certain nonlinear dynamic models. Asymptotic normality is obtained because the moments are chosen so that the objective function is uniformly bounded in probability and so that a central limit theorem can be applied. Critical values from the normal distribution can be used irrespective of the treatment of the deterministic terms. Simulations show that the estimates are precise and the t-test has good size in the parameter region where the least squares estimates usually yield distorted inference., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Castle-Krob Career Development Chair), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (SES-0962431)

Econometric analysis of large dimensional factor models has been a heavily researched topic in recent years. This review surveys the main theoretical results that relate to static factor models or dynamic factor models that can be cast in a static framework. Among the topics covered are how to determine the number of factors, how to conduct inference when estimated factors are used in regressions, how to assess the adequacy of observed variables as proxies for latent factors, how to exploit the estimated factors to test unit root tests and common trends, and how to estimate panel cointegration models. The fundamental result that justifies these analyses is that the method of asymptotic principal components consistently estimates the true factor space. We use simulations to better understand the conditions that can affect the precision of the factor estimates.

Econometric analysis of large dimensional factor models has been a heavily researched topic in recent years. This review surveys the main theoretical results that relate to static factor models or dynamic factor models that can be cast in a static framework. Among the topics covered are how to determine the number of factors, how to conduct inference when estimated factors are used in regressions, how to assess the adequacy of observed variables as proxies for latent factors, how to exploit the estimated factors to test unit root tests and common trends, and how to estimate panel cointegration models. The fundamental result that justifies these analyses is that the method of asymptotic principal components consistently estimates the true factor space. We use simulations to better understand the conditions that can affect the precision of the factor estimates.

Econometric analysis of large dimensional factor models has been a heavily researched topic in recent years. This review surveys the main theoretical results that relate to static factor models or dynamic factor models that can be cast in a static framework. Among the topics covered are how to determine the number of factors, how to conduct inference when estimated factors are used in regressions, how to assess the adequacy of observed variables as proxies for latent factors, how to exploit the estimated factors to test unit root tests and common trends, and how to estimate panel cointegration models. The fundamental result that justifies these analyses is that the method of asymptotic principal components consistently estimates the true factor space. We use simulations to better understand the conditions that can affect the precision of the factor estimates.

Econometric analysis of large dimensional factor models has been a heavily researched topic in recent years. This review surveys the main theoretical results that relate to static factor models or dynamic factor models that can be cast in a static framework. Among the topics covered are how to determine the number of factors, how to conduct inference when estimated factors are used in regressions, how to assess the adequacy of observed variables as proxies for latent factors, how to exploit the estimated factors to test unit root tests and common trends, and how to estimate panel cointegration models. The fundamental result that justifies these analyses is that the method of asymptotic principal components consistently estimates the true factor space. We use simulations to better understand the conditions that can affect the precision of the factor estimates.

The non-negativity constraint on inventories imposed on the rational expectations theory of speculative storage implies that the conditional mean and variance of commodity prices are non-linear in lagged prices and have a kink at a threshold point. In this paper, the structural parameters of this model are estimated using three simulation-based estimators. In a Monte Carlo experiment, the finite sample properties of the simulated methods of moments estimator of Duffie and Singleton (1993, Econometrica 61 (4), 929–952) the indirect inference estimator of Gourieroux et al. (1993, Journal of Applied Economterics 8, S85–S118) and the efficient method of moments estimator of Gallant and Tauchen (1996, Econometric Theory 12, 657–681) are assessed. Exploiting the invariant distribution implied by the theory allows us to evaluate the error induced by simulations. Our results show that the estimators differ in their sensitivity to the sample size, the number of simulations, choice of auxiliary models, and computation demands. For some estimators, the test for overidentifying restrictions exhibit significant size distortions in small samples. Overall, while the simulation estimators have small bias, they are less efficient than pseudo-maximum likelihood (PMLE). Hence for the small sample sizes considered, the simulation estimators are still inferior to the PMLE estimates in a mean-squared sense.