Search

Producing scalable, economically viable, low-carbon biofuels or biochemicals hinges on more efficient bioconversion processes. While microbial conversion can offer robust solutions, the native microbial growth process often redirects a large fraction of carbon to CO2 and cell mass. By integrating genome-scale metabolic models with techno-economic and life cycle assessment models, this study analyzes the effects of converting cell mass lipids to hydrocarbon fuels, and CO2 to methanol on the facility’s costs and life-cycle carbon footprint. Results show that upgrading microbial lipids or both microbial lipids and CO2 using renewable hydrogen produces carbon-negative bisabolene. Additionally, on-site electrolytic hydrogen production offers a supply of pure oxygen to use in place of air for bioconversion and fuel combustion in the boiler. To reach cost parity with conventional jet fuel, renewable hydrogen needs to be produced at less than $2.2 to $3.1/kg, with a bisabolene yield of 80% of the theoretical yield, along with cell mass and CO2 yields of 22 wt% and 54 wt%, respectively. The economic combination of cell mass, CO2, and bisabolene yields demonstrated in this study provides practical insights for prioritizing research, selecting suitable hosts, and determining necessary engineered production levels.

This thesis investigates the dynamic correlation between the S&P 500 and Bitcoin returns from 2018 to 2024. To capture potential regime-specific dynamics, a Markov Switching Model is employed to segment each return data into two distinct states characterized by high or low volatility, using a LASSO regression to find the appropriate explanatory variables for the returns. Univariate GARCH(1,1) models are initially fitted to each regime’s return series. Using the parameters from the univariate models, the multivariate models are estimated for each combination of high and low volatility regimes for both S&P 500 and Bitcoin, for a total of four different regimes. A DCC-GARCH(1,1) framework is used for the multivariate model. The univariate model parameters are fixed in the multivariate model, only estimating the remaining parameters a and b for the correlation update equation. The parameter estimates are compared to a GARCH(1,1) and a DCC-GARCH(1,1) estimated on the complete dataset. This approach gives us four different parameter sets, each corresponding to a specific volatility regime combination. The parameter sets are run on the complete dataset, giving us four different correlation and volatility estimates for the investigated period. Finally, to get a smoother transition between regimes, fuzzy clustering is applied to the volatility estimates. The resulting model gives a correlation estimate that is similar to a standard DCC-GARCH(1,1) on the dataset but is more responsive like a rolling correlation measure. We note that the correlation is at an elevated level during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, but has dropped to pre-pandemic levels during the end of 2023., Historiskt sett har Bitcoin ansetts vara en volatil tillgång utan koppling till traditionella investeringar som S&P 500. Därför har investerare kunnat använda Bitcoin som en "säker hamn" under nedgångar på börsen. Under COVID-19 skedde dock en oväntad förändring - korrelationen mellan Bitcoin och börsindex ökade kraftigt. I detta examensarbete undersöker vi om detta var en tillfällig svängning eller en långsiktig trend. Vår studie kan ge värdefull information till investerare om Bitcoin fortfarande kan fungera som en "säker hamn" eller om de behöver anpassa sina portföljer. Vi använde tre olika modeller för att analysera korrelationen: 1. En enkel modell med en rullande 30/60-dagars korrelation. 2. DCC-GARCH(1,1) där parametrarna skattades för hela datamängden. 3. En viktad DCC-GARCH(1,1) modell där parametrarna skattades för olika perioder med liknande struktur. Dessa perioder identifierades med en Markov Switching Regime-modell och viktades med en Fuzzy clustering-algoritm. Syftet med den tredje modellen är att få bättre estimeringar av parametrarna i DCC-GARCH(1,1)-modellen. Alla tre modeller visade att korrelationen var högre under och efter COVID-19. Intressant nog sjönk inte korrelationen omedelbart efter pandemin, utan behöll en förhöjd nivå under en tid. Sedan slutet av 2023 har vi dock sett en gradvis nedgång, och korrelationen ligger nu nära samma låga nivåer som före pandemin. Vår viktade modell visade sig likna referensmodellen DCC-GARCH vad gäller strukturen på den estimerade korrelationen. Den skiljer sig dock genom att den är mer lyhörd för snabba förändringar i korrelationen. Samtidigt undviker den att överdriva volatiliteten i jämförelse med den enkla 30/60-dagars rullande korrelationen, både vid kraftiga uppgångar och nedgångar. Vi anser att detta är en viktig fördel med vår viktade modell, då den ger en mer nyanserad bild av korrelationen mellan Bitcoin och börsindex och samtidigt fångar upp förändringar i marknadsdynamiken på ett effektivt sätt.

This research study is aimed at comprehensively assessing the impact of a process change in revenue banking on financial performance of the Judiciary of Zambia and formulate strategies to address the constraints that impend high performance of the implemented revenue banking process The study employs a mixed-methods research approach and integrates data from financial reports and structured open-ended responses from various employees within the Judiciary as well as observed experiences. The research specifically focuses on three objectives: determining the process change made by the Judiciary in revenue banking; assessing financial performance of the Judiciary before a process change in revenue banking in 2016 and 2017 financial years, and after change in 2019, 2020 and 2021 financial years; and conducting a comparative analysis of financial performance of the Judiciary before and after a process change in revenue banking. The findings reveal a positive impact on financial performance of the Judiciary evidenced by improved actual revenue collection amounts that above budget estimates during the period after the process change unlike during the period prior to process change. The study goes beyond merely assessing the impact of the process change in revenue banking, it uncovers specific constrains to revenue optimization that come with the new revenue banking process and also makes contribution to the wider body of literature by providing a conceptual framework as an analytical lens which maps those involved and activities in the revenue collection process.

Background and aims: Intercropping of grain legumes and cereals in European agriculture can provide benefits, such as an increase in yields, yield stability and weed suppression. Interactions between crops in intercropping may depend on spatial heterogeneity in soil conditions, which are present on farmers’ fields. Understanding the effect of within-field variation in soil conditions on interspecific interactions might increase the benefits of intercropping by within-field adjustment of the agronomic management. Methods: Crop performance and weed dry matter were assessed together with several soil properties in grids within three large field experiments at two sites (Germany and Sweden) and during two years. Each experiment was comprised of several strips sown either with the two sole crops oat (Avena sativa L.) and field pea (Pisum sativum L.) or an oat-pea intercrop. Results: The response of crop performance to within-field variability in soil conditions was mostly species-specific. Yield stability of intercropping was consistently higher compared with pea, but not compared to oat. The highest land equivalent ratio was found for an additive intercropping design under a higher water availability. In this experiment, yield stability of both intercropped pea and oat were lower, which might be expected as a result of within-field variation in interspecific interactions. Intercropping reduced weed dry matter compared to pea, for which one experiment indicated an increase in weed dry matter with nutrient availability. Conclusion: The experimental design and the developed statistical analysis can contribute to further research about spatial variations in interspecific interactions in intercropping, which will improve the understanding of plant-plant and plant-soil interactions.

Plastic recycling presents a vexing challenge. Mechanical recycling offers substantial greenhouse gas emissions savings relative to virgin plastic production but suffers from degraded aesthetic and mechanical properties. Polypropylene, one of the most widely used and lowest-cost plastics, features methyl pendants along the polymer backbone, rendering it particularly susceptible to declining properties, performance, and aesthetics across a succession of mechanical recycles. Advanced processes, such as solvent-assisted recycling, promise near-virgin quality outputs at a greater energy and emissions footprint. Mechanical and advanced recycling are often presented as competing options, but real-world plastic waste streams are likely to require preprocessing regardless of whether they are routed to an advanced process. This study quantifies the life-cycle greenhouse gas implications of multiple recycling strategies and proposes a system in which mechanical and solvent-assisted recycling can be leveraged together to boost recycling rates and satisfy demand for a wider range of product applications. Polypropylene can be recovered from mixed-plastic bales produced at material recovery facilities and processed through mechanical recycling, with a varying fraction sent for further upgrading via solvent-assisted recycling to produce material approved for food packaging and other higher-quality applications. The resulting mechanically recycled rigid polypropylene reduces life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions by 80% relative to the same quantity of virgin material, while the upgraded higher-quality material achieves GHG savings of 30%.

New forms of field experimentation are currently emerging to support transitions towards sustainable agriculture, including “multi-actor experimental networks” (MAENs). Both in public policy and in academic research, such networks are increasingly presented as a promising approach for fostering sustainable farming system design. Many studies have inventoried, categorized and compared experimental processes to discuss them in relation to contemporary issues. However, to our knowledge, these studies have not considered how MAENs can be implemented, nor their various contributions to sustainable farming systems design. The present work therefore explores the mechanisms whereby MAENs, depending on the way they are managed, support participatory design processes. Drawing on concepts from the design sciences, we studied 11 MAENs established across Europe to support intercrop (IC) design for field crops. Data on the characteristics of these 11 MAENs and their contributions to IC design were collected through individual and group interviews with the network pilots, and the study of individual MAEN documents. The analysis provides three types of results. First, we identify nine generative functions, that is, various processes through which experiments contribute to IC design, including: (i) finding one best option or highlighting contrasts between different ICs; (ii) highlighting the conditions that must be met for an IC to achieve certain effects; (iii) discovering new ICs or properties of ICs; and (iv) supporting the emergence/continuation of collective action for IC design. Second, we highlight different ways to manage MAENs, in other words ways to manage several experiments (in space and time) with a view to supporting participatory IC design. We show that this involves (i) coordinating several objects under design within a network of experiments, (ii) managing the coexistence of experiments guided by different logics in the same geographical area, and (iii) developing i

New forms of field experimentation are currently emerging to support transitions towards sustainable agriculture, including “multi-actor experimental networks” (MAENs). Both in public policy and in academic research, such networks are increasingly presented as a promising approach for fostering sustainable farming system design. Many studies have inventoried, categorized and compared experimental processes to discuss them in relation to contemporary issues. However, to our knowledge, these studies have not considered how MAENs can be implemented, nor their various contributions to sustainable farming systems design. The present work therefore explores the mechanisms whereby MAENs, depending on the way they are managed, support participatory design processes. Drawing on concepts from the design sciences, we studied 11 MAENs established across Europe to support intercrop (IC) design for field crops. Data on the characteristics of these 11 MAENs and their contributions to IC design were collected through individual and group interviews with the network pilots, and the study of individual MAEN documents. The analysis provides three types of results. First, we identify nine generative functions, that is, various processes through which experiments contribute to IC design, including: (i) finding one best option or highlighting contrasts between different ICs; (ii) highlighting the conditions that must be met for an IC to achieve certain effects; (iii) discovering new ICs or properties of ICs; and (iv) supporting the emergence/continuation of collective action for IC design. Second, we highlight different ways to manage MAENs, in other words ways to manage several experiments (in space and time) with a view to supporting participatory IC design. We show that this involves (i) coordinating several objects under design within a network of experiments, (ii) managing the coexistence of experiments guided by different logics in the same geographical area, and (iii) developing i

Scalable, low-cost biofuel and biochemical production can accelerate progress on the path to a more circular carbon economy and reduced dependence on crude oil. Rather than producing a single fuel product, lignocellulosic biorefineries have the potential to serve as hubs for the production of fuels, production of petrochemical replacements, and treatment of high-moisture organic waste. A detailed techno-economic analysis and life-cycle greenhouse gas assessment are developed to explore the cost and emission impacts of integrated corn stover-to-ethanol biorefineries that incorporate both codigestion of organic wastes and different strategies for utilizing biogas, including onsite energy generation, upgrading to bio-compressed natural gas (bioCNG), conversion to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) bioplastic, and conversion to single-cell protein (SCP). We find that codigesting manure or a combination of manure and food waste alongside process wastewater can reduce the biorefinery's total costs per metric ton of CO2 equivalent mitigated by half or more. Upgrading biogas to bioCNG is the most cost-effective climate mitigation strategy, while upgrading biogas to PHB or SCP is competitive with combusting biogas onsite.

Technoeconomic analysis and life-cycle assessment are critical to guiding and prioritizing bench-scale experiments and to evaluating economic and environmental performance of biofuel or biochemical production processes at scale. Traditionally, commercial process simulation tools have been used to develop detailed models for these purposes. However, developing and running such models can be costly and computationally intensive, which limits the degree to which they can be shared and reproduced in the broader research community. This study evaluates the potential of an automated machine learning approach to develop surrogate models based on conventional process simulation models. The analysis focuses on several high-value biofuels and bioproducts for which pathways of production from biomass feedstocks have been well-established. The results demonstrate that surrogate models can be an accurate and effective tool for approximating the cost, mass and energy balance outputs of more complex process simulations at a fraction of the computational expense.

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biosourced green plastic derived from natural sources that can replace polyolefins in many applications; however, it is seldom recycled. PLA is a prime candidate for chemical recycling by depolymerization, which produces valuable commodity chemicals and/or fresh monomer for new production, compared to mechanical/thermal reprocessing which produces lesser-quality resin. A scalable, low-cost depolymerization process could render PLA the premier choice for designed-to-be-recycled products in a future circular plastics economy. Here, we report a novel process for depolymerization of PLA under mild conditions using alcoholysis with ionic liquid catalysts in the presence of dimethyl (or diethyl) carbonate as a green solvent, along with critical technoeconomic analysis of the potential impact of this process. The effects of catalyst structures, the solvent system, and PLA resin type on conversion and yield were studied. The reaction kinetics were statistically analyzed with experimental and modeling data, suggesting a fast first-order reaction in PLA degradation. Predictive modeling results based on empirical data further guide the design of scenarios and potential for practical application.

New forms of field experimentation are currently emerging to support transitions towards sustainable agriculture, including “multi-actor experimental networks” (MAENs). Both in public policy and in academic research, such networks are increasingly presented as a promising approach for fostering sustainable farming system design. Many studies have inventoried, categorized and compared experimental processes to discuss them in relation to contemporary issues. However, to our knowledge, these studies have not considered how MAENs can be implemented, nor their various contributions to sustainable farming systems design. The present work therefore explores the mechanisms whereby MAENs, depending on the way they are managed, support participatory design processes. Drawing on concepts from the design sciences, we studied 11 MAENs established across Europe to support intercrop (IC) design for field crops. Data on the characteristics of these 11 MAENs and their contributions to IC design were collected through individual and group interviews with the network pilots, and the study of individual MAEN documents. The analysis provides three types of results. First, we identify nine generative functions, that is, various processes through which experiments contribute to IC design, including: (i) finding one best option or highlighting contrasts between different ICs; (ii) highlighting the conditions that must be met for an IC to achieve certain effects; (iii) discovering new ICs or properties of ICs; and (iv) supporting the emergence/continuation of collective action for IC design. Second, we highlight different ways to manage MAENs, in other words ways to manage several experiments (in space and time) with a view to supporting participatory IC design. We show that this involves (i) coordinating several objects under design within a network of experiments, (ii) managing the coexistence of experiments guided by different logics in the same geographical area, and (iii) developing i

Generative neural networks trained on SMILES can design innovative bioactive molecules de novo. These so-called chemical language models (CLMs) have typically been trained on tens of template molecules for fine-tuning. However, it is challenging to apply CLM to orphan targets with few known ligands. We have fine-tuned a CLM with a single potent Nurr1 agonist as template in a fragment-augmented fashion and obtained novel Nurr1 agonists using sampling frequency for design prioritization. Nanomolar potency and binding affinity of the top-ranking design and its structural novelty compared to available Nurr1 ligands highlight its value as an early chemical tool and as a lead for Nurr1 agonist development, as well as the applicability of CLM in very low-data scenarios.

New forms of field experimentation are currently emerging to support transitions towards sustainable agriculture, including “multi-actor experimental networks” (MAENs). Both in public policy and in academic research, such networks are increasingly presented as a promising approach for fostering sustainable farming system design. Many studies have inventoried, categorized and compared experimental processes to discuss them in relation to contemporary issues. However, to our knowledge, these studies have not considered how MAENs can be implemented, nor their various contributions to sustainable farming systems design. The present work therefore explores the mechanisms whereby MAENs, depending on the way they are managed, support participatory design processes. Drawing on concepts from the design sciences, we studied 11 MAENs established across Europe to support intercrop (IC) design for field crops. Data on the characteristics of these 11 MAENs and their contributions to IC design were collected through individual and group interviews with the network pilots, and the study of individual MAEN documents. The analysis provides three types of results. First, we identify nine generative functions, that is, various processes through which experiments contribute to IC design, including: (i) finding one best option or highlighting contrasts between different ICs; (ii) highlighting the conditions that must be met for an IC to achieve certain effects; (iii) discovering new ICs or properties of ICs; and (iv) supporting the emergence/continuation of collective action for IC design. Second, we highlight different ways to manage MAENs, in other words ways to manage several experiments (in space and time) with a view to supporting participatory IC design. We show that this involves (i) coordinating several objects under design within a network of experiments, (ii) managing the coexistence of experiments guided by different logics in the same geographical area, and (iii) developing i

New forms of field experimentation are currently emerging to support transitions towards sustainable agriculture, including “multi-actor experimental networks” (MAENs). Both in public policy and in academic research, such networks are increasingly presented as a promising approach for fostering sustainable farming system design. Many studies have inventoried, categorized and compared experimental processes to discuss them in relation to contemporary issues. However, to our knowledge, these studies have not considered how MAENs can be implemented, nor their various contributions to sustainable farming systems design. The present work therefore explores the mechanisms whereby MAENs, depending on the way they are managed, support participatory design processes. Drawing on concepts from the design sciences, we studied 11 MAENs established across Europe to support intercrop (IC) design for field crops. Data on the characteristics of these 11 MAENs and their contributions to IC design were collected through individual and group interviews with the network pilots, and the study of individual MAEN documents. The analysis provides three types of results. First, we identify nine generative functions, that is, various processes through which experiments contribute to IC design, including: (i) finding one best option or highlighting contrasts between different ICs; (ii) highlighting the conditions that must be met for an IC to achieve certain effects; (iii) discovering new ICs or properties of ICs; and (iv) supporting the emergence/continuation of collective action for IC design. Second, we highlight different ways to manage MAENs, in other words ways to manage several experiments (in space and time) with a view to supporting participatory IC design. We show that this involves (i) coordinating several objects under design within a network of experiments, (ii) managing the coexistence of experiments guided by different logics in the same geographical area, and (iii) developing i

New forms of field experimentation are currently emerging to support transitions towards sustainable agriculture, including “multi-actor experimental networks” (MAENs). Both in public policy and in academic research, such networks are increasingly presented as a promising approach for fostering sustainable farming system design. Many studies have inventoried, categorized and compared experimental processes to discuss them in relation to contemporary issues. However, to our knowledge, these studies have not considered how MAENs can be implemented, nor their various contributions to sustainable farming systems design. The present work therefore explores the mechanisms whereby MAENs, depending on the way they are managed, support participatory design processes. Drawing on concepts from the design sciences, we studied 11 MAENs established across Europe to support intercrop (IC) design for field crops. Data on the characteristics of these 11 MAENs and their contributions to IC design were collected through individual and group interviews with the network pilots, and the study of individual MAEN documents. The analysis provides three types of results. First, we identify nine generative functions, that is, various processes through which experiments contribute to IC design, including: (i) finding one best option or highlighting contrasts between different ICs; (ii) highlighting the conditions that must be met for an IC to achieve certain effects; (iii) discovering new ICs or properties of ICs; and (iv) supporting the emergence/continuation of collective action for IC design. Second, we highlight different ways to manage MAENs, in other words ways to manage several experiments (in space and time) with a view to supporting participatory IC design. We show that this involves (i) coordinating several objects under design within a network of experiments, (ii) managing the coexistence of experiments guided by different logics in the same geographical area, and (iii) developing i

New forms of field experimentation are currently emerging to support transitions towards sustainable agriculture, including “multi-actor experimental networks” (MAENs). Both in public policy and in academic research, such networks are increasingly presented as a promising approach for fostering sustainable farming system design. Many studies have inventoried, categorized and compared experimental processes to discuss them in relation to contemporary issues. However, to our knowledge, these studies have not considered how MAENs can be implemented, nor their various contributions to sustainable farming systems design. The present work therefore explores the mechanisms whereby MAENs, depending on the way they are managed, support participatory design processes. Drawing on concepts from the design sciences, we studied 11 MAENs established across Europe to support intercrop (IC) design for field crops. Data on the characteristics of these 11 MAENs and their contributions to IC design were collected through individual and group interviews with the network pilots, and the study of individual MAEN documents. The analysis provides three types of results. First, we identify nine generative functions, that is, various processes through which experiments contribute to IC design, including: (i) finding one best option or highlighting contrasts between different ICs; (ii) highlighting the conditions that must be met for an IC to achieve certain effects; (iii) discovering new ICs or properties of ICs; and (iv) supporting the emergence/continuation of collective action for IC design. Second, we highlight different ways to manage MAENs, in other words ways to manage several experiments (in space and time) with a view to supporting participatory IC design. We show that this involves (i) coordinating several objects under design within a network of experiments, (ii) managing the coexistence of experiments guided by different logics in the same geographical area, and (iii) developing i

New forms of field experimentation are currently emerging to support transitions towards sustainable agriculture, including “multi-actor experimental networks” (MAENs). Both in public policy and in academic research, such networks are increasingly presented as a promising approach for fostering sustainable farming system design. Many studies have inventoried, categorized and compared experimental processes to discuss them in relation to contemporary issues. However, to our knowledge, these studies have not considered how MAENs can be implemented, nor their various contributions to sustainable farming systems design. The present work therefore explores the mechanisms whereby MAENs, depending on the way they are managed, support participatory design processes. Drawing on concepts from the design sciences, we studied 11 MAENs established across Europe to support intercrop (IC) design for field crops. Data on the characteristics of these 11 MAENs and their contributions to IC design were collected through individual and group interviews with the network pilots, and the study of individual MAEN documents. The analysis provides three types of results. First, we identify nine generative functions, that is, various processes through which experiments contribute to IC design, including: (i) finding one best option or highlighting contrasts between different ICs; (ii) highlighting the conditions that must be met for an IC to achieve certain effects; (iii) discovering new ICs or properties of ICs; and (iv) supporting the emergence/continuation of collective action for IC design. Second, we highlight different ways to manage MAENs, in other words ways to manage several experiments (in space and time) with a view to supporting participatory IC design. We show that this involves (i) coordinating several objects under design within a network of experiments, (ii) managing the coexistence of experiments guided by different logics in the same geographical area, and (iii) developing i

New forms of field experimentation are currently emerging to support transitions towards sustainable agriculture, including “multi-actor experimental networks” (MAENs). Both in public policy and in academic research, such networks are increasingly presented as a promising approach for fostering sustainable farming system design. Many studies have inventoried, categorized and compared experimental processes to discuss them in relation to contemporary issues. However, to our knowledge, these studies have not considered how MAENs can be implemented, nor their various contributions to sustainable farming systems design. The present work therefore explores the mechanisms whereby MAENs, depending on the way they are managed, support participatory design processes. Drawing on concepts from the design sciences, we studied 11 MAENs established across Europe to support intercrop (IC) design for field crops. Data on the characteristics of these 11 MAENs and their contributions to IC design were collected through individual and group interviews with the network pilots, and the study of individual MAEN documents. The analysis provides three types of results. First, we identify nine generative functions, that is, various processes through which experiments contribute to IC design, including: (i) finding one best option or highlighting contrasts between different ICs; (ii) highlighting the conditions that must be met for an IC to achieve certain effects; (iii) discovering new ICs or properties of ICs; and (iv) supporting the emergence/continuation of collective action for IC design. Second, we highlight different ways to manage MAENs, in other words ways to manage several experiments (in space and time) with a view to supporting participatory IC design. We show that this involves (i) coordinating several objects under design within a network of experiments, (ii) managing the coexistence of experiments guided by different logics in the same geographical area, and (iii) developing i

New forms of field experimentation are currently emerging to support transitions towards sustainable agriculture, including “multi-actor experimental networks” (MAENs). Both in public policy and in academic research, such networks are increasingly presented as a promising approach for fostering sustainable farming system design. Many studies have inventoried, categorized and compared experimental processes to discuss them in relation to contemporary issues. However, to our knowledge, these studies have not considered how MAENs can be implemented, nor their various contributions to sustainable farming systems design. The present work therefore explores the mechanisms whereby MAENs, depending on the way they are managed, support participatory design processes. Drawing on concepts from the design sciences, we studied 11 MAENs established across Europe to support intercrop (IC) design for field crops. Data on the characteristics of these 11 MAENs and their contributions to IC design were collected through individual and group interviews with the network pilots, and the study of individual MAEN documents. The analysis provides three types of results. First, we identify nine generative functions, that is, various processes through which experiments contribute to IC design, including: (i) finding one best option or highlighting contrasts between different ICs; (ii) highlighting the conditions that must be met for an IC to achieve certain effects; (iii) discovering new ICs or properties of ICs; and (iv) supporting the emergence/continuation of collective action for IC design. Second, we highlight different ways to manage MAENs, in other words ways to manage several experiments (in space and time) with a view to supporting participatory IC design. We show that this involves (i) coordinating several objects under design within a network of experiments, (ii) managing the coexistence of experiments guided by different logics in the same geographical area, and (iii) developing i

New forms of field experimentation are currently emerging to support transitions towards sustainable agriculture, including “multi-actor experimental networks” (MAENs). Both in public policy and in academic research, such networks are increasingly presented as a promising approach for fostering sustainable farming system design. Many studies have inventoried, categorized and compared experimental processes to discuss them in relation to contemporary issues. However, to our knowledge, these studies have not considered how MAENs can be implemented, nor their various contributions to sustainable farming systems design. The present work therefore explores the mechanisms whereby MAENs, depending on the way they are managed, support participatory design processes. Drawing on concepts from the design sciences, we studied 11 MAENs established across Europe to support intercrop (IC) design for field crops. Data on the characteristics of these 11 MAENs and their contributions to IC design were collected through individual and group interviews with the network pilots, and the study of individual MAEN documents. The analysis provides three types of results. First, we identify nine generative functions, that is, various processes through which experiments contribute to IC design, including: (i) finding one best option or highlighting contrasts between different ICs; (ii) highlighting the conditions that must be met for an IC to achieve certain effects; (iii) discovering new ICs or properties of ICs; and (iv) supporting the emergence/continuation of collective action for IC design. Second, we highlight different ways to manage MAENs, in other words ways to manage several experiments (in space and time) with a view to supporting participatory IC design. We show that this involves (i) coordinating several objects under design within a network of experiments, (ii) managing the coexistence of experiments guided by different logics in the same geographical area, and (iii) developing i

Electricity is one of the sources of energy used by humans which is produced through a power generation system. Electricity providers in Indonesia are still not evenly distributed, even in remote areas, there are still many that have not been reached by electricity. With this problem, one of the renewable power plants that can be utilized is the PLTMH system (Microhydro Power Plant). The greater the discharge of water, the greater the power generated by the turbine but with a shorter time. Vice versa if the water discharge that comes out is less then the power generated by the turbine is getting smaller but with a long time. The results show a whirlpool turbine using 6 blades with a water volume of 58 L and a sluice gate opening 7 cm produces a water discharge of 0.00625 m3/s with Water Power 14.10 Watt, , Generator Power 11.12, Torque 0.0077N.m, Turbine Power 0.72 Watt and Efficiency 5.1%.

Electricity is one of the sources of energy used by humans which is produced through a power generation system. Electricity providers in Indonesia are still not evenly distributed, even in remote areas, there are still many that have not been reached by electricity. With this problem, one of the renewable power plants that can be utilized is the PLTMH system (Microhydro Power Plant). The greater the discharge of water, the greater the power generated by the turbine but with a shorter time. Vice versa if the water discharge that comes out is less then the power generated by the turbine is getting smaller but with a long time. The results show a whirlpool turbine using 6 blades with a water volume of 58 L and a sluice gate opening 7 cm produces a water discharge of 0.00625 m3/s with Water Power 14.10 Watt, , Generator Power 11.12, Torque 0.0077N.m, Turbine Power 0.72 Watt and Efficiency 5.1%.

Plants and microbes share common metabolic pathways for producing a range of bioproducts that are potentially foundational to the future bioeconomy. However, in planta accumulation and microbial production of bioproducts have never been systematically compared on an economic basis to identify optimal routes of production. A detailed technoeconomic analysis of four exemplar compounds (4-hydroxybenzoic acid [4-HBA], catechol, muconic acid, and 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid [PDC]) is conducted with the highest reported yields and accumulation rates to identify economically advantaged platforms and breakeven targets for plants and microbes. The results indicate that in planta mass accumulation ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 dry weight % (dwt%) can achieve costs comparable to microbial routes operating at 40 to 55% of maximum theoretical yields. These yields and accumulation rates are sufficient to be cost competitive if the products are sold at market prices consistent with specialty chemicals ($20 to $50/kg). Prices consistent with commodity chemicals will require an order-of-magnitude-greater accumulation rate for plants and/or yields nearing theoretical maxima for microbial production platforms. This comparative analysis revealed that the demonstrated accumulation rates of 4-HBA (3.2 dwt%) and PDC (3.0 dwt%) in engineered plants vastly outperform microbial routes, even if microbial platforms were to reach theoretical maximum yields. Their recovery and sale as part of a lignocellulosic biorefinery could enable biofuel prices to be competitive with petroleum. Muconic acid and catechol, in contrast, are currently more attractive when produced microbially using a sugar feedstock. Ultimately, both platforms can play an important role in replacing fossil-derived products.

Introduction: Traditionally, teeth that are absent are substituted by partial dentures or by complete dentures. Many prefer a dental implant as it tries to imitate the natural tooth. Though the notion of immediate loading reduced the time of prosthetic treatment, debate arose whether the loading should be functional or non-functional. The objective of this study was to compare the Peri-implant Bone Level (PIBL) deviations in immediate implant placement with instantaneous functional versus non-functional loading in the mandibular posterior region. Material and Methods: Fifty patients were incorporated in the study and distributed by random sampling into two groups of equal members each. Group A had patients in whom implant was placed followed by immediate functional loading. Group B were those who had non-functional loading. After bone implant integration, temporary crowns were replaced with metal ceramic prosthesis. PIBL change (in mm) of each implant was assessed by periapical radiograph which were taken at immediate post op, after one month and then on three and six months follow up. Statistical analysis was done using software SPSS v 21.0. Comparison between the groups (Mann Whitney U test), intragroup (Friedman’s) and Wilcoxon Signed rank test for pairwise comparison were done. Results: There was PIBL gain mesially and distally of the implants in both the groups in all time intervals of one, three and six months follow up. Conclusions: To conclude immediate implants restored instantly yielded affirmative result as far as survival of the implants, bone level changes and aesthetics of the soft tissues are concerned irrespective of the type of loading.

Plants and microbes share common metabolic pathways for producing a range of bioproducts that are potentially foundational to the future bioeconomy. However, in planta accumulation and microbial production of bioproducts have never been systematically compared on an economic basis to identify optimal routes of production. A detailed technoeconomic analysis of four exemplar compounds (4-hydroxybenzoic acid [4-HBA], catechol, muconic acid, and 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid [PDC]) is conducted with the highest reported yields and accumulation rates to identify economically advantaged platforms and breakeven targets for plants and microbes. The results indicate that in planta mass accumulation ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 dry weight % (dwt%) can achieve costs comparable to microbial routes operating at 40 to 55% of maximum theoretical yields. These yields and accumulation rates are sufficient to be cost competitive if the products are sold at market prices consistent with specialty chemicals ($20 to $50/kg). Prices consistent with commodity chemicals will require an order-of-magnitude-greater accumulation rate for plants and/or yields nearing theoretical maxima for microbial production platforms. This comparative analysis revealed that the demonstrated accumulation rates of 4-HBA (3.2 dwt%) and PDC (3.0 dwt%) in engineered plants vastly outperform microbial routes, even if microbial platforms were to reach theoretical maximum yields. Their recovery and sale as part of a lignocellulosic biorefinery could enable biofuel prices to be competitive with petroleum. Muconic acid and catechol, in contrast, are currently more attractive when produced microbially using a sugar feedstock. Ultimately, both platforms can play an important role in replacing fossil-derived products.

Aim: Doxorubicin, an anthracycline anti-tumour agent, is an essential chemotherapeutic drug; however, the adverse events associated with doxorubicin usage, including cardiotoxicity, prevent patients from continuing treatment. Here, we used databases to explore existing approved drugs with potential preventative effects against doxorubicin-induced cardiac events and examined their efficacy and mechanisms. Methods: The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures (LINCS), and Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) databases were used to extract candidate prophylactic drugs. Mouse models of doxorubicin-induced cardiac events were generated by intraperitoneal administration of 20 mg/kg of doxorubicin on Day 1 and oral administration of prophylactic candidate drugs for 6 consecutive days beginning the day before doxorubicin administration. On Day 6, mouse hearts were extracted and examined for mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes. Results: GEO analysis showed that doxorubicin administration upregulated 490 genes and downregulated 862 genes, and LINCS data identified sirolimus, verapamil, minoxidil, prednisolone, guanabenz, and mosapride as drugs capable of counteracting these genetic alterations. Examination of the effects of these drugs on cardiac toxicity using FAERS identified sirolimus and mosapride as new prophylactic drug candidates. In model mice, mosapride and sirolimus suppressed the Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio, which is elevated in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. These drugs also suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines Il1b and Il6 and markers associated with myocardial fibrosis, including Lgal3 and Timp1. Conclusion: These findings suggest that doxorubicin-induced cardiac events are suppressed by the administration of mosapride and sirolimus.

Coherent photoproduction of the neutral pion and eta meson on the deuteron, $\gamma{d}${$\to$}$\pi^0\eta{d}$, has been experimentally studied at incident photon energies ranging from the reaction threshold to 1.15 GeV. The total cross section demonstrates a rapid rise below 1 GeV. The data are underestimated by the existing theoretical calculations based on quasi-free $\pi^0 \eta$ photoproduction on the nucleon followed by deuteron coalescence. At the same time, the data are rather well reproduced by the calculations taking into account the final-state interaction. We have also measured for the first time the differential cross sections: the $\pi^0 \eta$ invariant-mass distribution $d\sigma/dM_{\pi \eta}$, the $\pi^0 d$ invariant-mass distribution $d\sigma/dM_{\pi d}$, the $\eta d$ invariant-mass distribution $d\sigma/dM_{\eta d}$, and the distribution over the deuteron emission angle $d\sigma/d\Omega_d$ in the overall center-of-mass frame. The measured cross section $d\sigma/d\Omega_d$ does not exhibit strongly backward-peaking behavior predicted by the calculations. At all incident energies, an increase in $d\sigma/dM_{\eta d}$ near the $\eta d$ threshold is observed, which indicates a bound or virtual $\eta d$ state resulting from a strong attraction between $\eta$ and a deuteron. The possibilities of using coherent $\pi^0\eta$ photoproduction on a nucleus to study the $\eta$-nuclear interaction are also discussed., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures

Interstitial lung disease (ILD), as an adverse effect of certain drugs, leads to inflammation and damage in the walls of the alveoli, making it difficult for the alveoli to take up oxygen. Interstitial pneumonia with no identifiable cause is called idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), and, among the major IIPs, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is diagnosed in about half of patients. Current treatment options are limited, among which the antifibrotic drugs nintedanib (Ofev) and pirfenidone (Pirespa) are the first-line drugs. In this study, we investigated the incidence of ILD possibly caused by antifibrotic agents using data from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database, a database of spontaneous adverse event reports published by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), published by the FDA. We used the FAERS and JADER to detect the signals of adverse events on the basis of reporting odds ratios. The relationship between indications and adverse events was clarified by separating indications and adverse events using the spontaneous adverse event reporting database with novel drug involvement. Regarding the involvement of nintedanib and pirfenidone in the development of ILD, JADER and FAERS showed signals for both nintedanib and pirfenidone as suspect drugs, and no signals for nintedanib or pirfenidone as concomitant drug interactions were detected. We highlight this because there are only a few effective drugs for IPF, and effective and safe drug therapies should be implemented by taking into consideration drug-induced ILD.

A number of genomic mutations that are thought to be strongly involved in the development of schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been identified. Abnormalities involving oligodendrocytes have been reported in SCZ, and as a related gene, oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) has been reported to be strongly associated with SCZ. In this study, based on the common disease–rare variant hypothesis, target sequencing of candidate genes was performed to identify rare mutations with a high effect size and the possibility that the identified mutations may increase the risks of SCZ and ASD in the Japanese population. In this study, the exon region of OLIG2 was targeted; 370 patients with SCZ and 192 with ASD were subjected to next-generation sequencing. As a result, one rare missense mutation (A33T) was detected. We used the Sanger method to validate this missense mutation with a low frequency (<1%), and then carried out a genetic association analysis involving 3299 unrelated individuals (1447 with SCZ, 380 with ASD, and 1472 healthy controls) to clarify whether A33T was associated with SCZ or ASD. A33T was not found in either case group, and in only one control. We did not find evidence that p.A33T is involved in the onset of ASD or SCZ; however, associations with this variant need to be evaluated in larger samples to confirm our results., This is an Open Access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view the details of this license, please visit (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

An 89-year-old woman underwent examinations for leg edema. Blood tests indicated low nutrition and low pancreatic enzymes, and a stool examination indicated fatty stool. Computed tomography showed pleural effusion, ascites, and cystic lesions in the pancreatic head and mural nodules within the cysts. Pancreatic juice cytology revealed adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis was pancreatic exocrine insufficiency caused by intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma. The patient did not wish to undergo surgery. Therefore, diuretics, component nutrients, and pancreatic exocrine replacement therapy using pancrelipase were initiated. After starting treatment, her leg edema, pleural effusion, and ascites disappeared, and her activities of daily living improved markedly.

An 89-year-old woman underwent examinations for leg edema. Blood tests indicated low nutrition and low pancreatic enzymes, and a stool examination indicated fatty stool. Computed tomography showed pleural effusion, ascites, and cystic lesions in the pancreatic head and mural nodules within the cysts. Pancreatic juice cytology revealed adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis was pancreatic exocrine insufficiency caused by intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma. The patient did not wish to undergo surgery. Therefore, diuretics, component nutrients, and pancreatic exocrine replacement therapy using pancrelipase were initiated. After starting treatment, her leg edema, pleural effusion, and ascites disappeared, and her activities of daily living improved markedly.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD), as an adverse effect of certain drugs, leads to inflammation and damage in the walls of the alveoli, making it difficult for the alveoli to take up oxygen. Interstitial pneumonia with no identifiable cause is called idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), and, among the major IIPs, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is diagnosed in about half of patients. Current treatment options are limited, among which the antifibrotic drugs nintedanib (Ofev) and pirfenidone (Pirespa) are the first-line drugs. In this study, we investigated the incidence of ILD possibly caused by antifibrotic agents using data from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database, a database of spontaneous adverse event reports published by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), published by the FDA. We used the FAERS and JADER to detect the signals of adverse events on the basis of reporting odds ratios. The relationship between indications and adverse events was clarified by separating indications and adverse events using the spontaneous adverse event reporting database with novel drug involvement. Regarding the involvement of nintedanib and pirfenidone in the development of ILD, JADER and FAERS showed signals for both nintedanib and pirfenidone as suspect drugs, and no signals for nintedanib or pirfenidone as concomitant drug interactions were detected. We highlight this because there are only a few effective drugs for IPF, and effective and safe drug therapies should be implemented by taking into consideration drug-induced ILD.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the similarities and differences in the roles of genic and regulatory copy number variations (CNVs) in bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: Based on high-resolution CNV data from 8708 Japanese samples, we performed to our knowledge the largest cross-disorder analysis of genic and regulatory CNVs in BD, SCZ, and ASD. RESULTS: In genic CNVs, we found an increased burden of smaller (<100 kb) exonic deletions in BD, which contrasted with the highest burden of larger (>500 kb) exonic CNVs in SCZ/ASD. Pathogenic CNVs linked to neurodevelopmental disorders were significantly associated with the risk for each disorder, but BD and SCZ/ASD differed in terms of the effect size (smaller in BD) and subtype distribution of CNVs linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. We identified 3 synaptic genes (DLG2, PCDH15, and ASTN2) as risk factors for BD. Whereas gene set analysis showed that BD-associated pathways were restricted to chromatin biology, SCZ and ASD involved more extensive and similar pathways. Nevertheless, a correlation analysis of gene set results indicated weak but significant pathway similarities between BD and SCZ or ASD (r = 0.25–0.31). In SCZ and ASD, but not BD, CNVs were significantly enriched in enhancers and promoters in brain tissue. CONCLUSIONS: BD and SCZ/ASD differ in terms of CNV burden, characteristics of CNVs linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, and regulatory CNVs. On the other hand, they have shared molecular mechanisms, including chromatin biology. The BD risk genes identified here could provide insight into the pathogenesis of BD.

Coherent photoproduction of the neutral pion and eta meson on the deuteron, $\gamma{d}${$\to$}$\pi^0\eta{d}$, has been experimentally studied at incident photon energies ranging from the reaction threshold to 1.15 GeV. The total cross section demonstrates a rapid rise below 1 GeV. The data are underestimated by the existing theoretical calculations based on quasi-free $\pi^0 \eta$ photoproduction on the nucleon followed by deuteron coalescence. At the same time, the data are rather well reproduced by the calculations taking into account the final-state interaction. We have also measured for the first time the differential cross sections: the $\pi^0 \eta$ invariant-mass distribution $d\sigma/dM_{\pi \eta}$, the $\pi^0 d$ invariant-mass distribution $d\sigma/dM_{\pi d}$, the $\eta d$ invariant-mass distribution $d\sigma/dM_{\eta d}$, and the distribution over the deuteron emission angle $d\sigma/d\Omega_d$ in the overall center-of-mass frame. The measured cross section $d\sigma/d\Omega_d$ does not exhibit strongly backward-peaking behavior predicted by the calculations. At all incident energies, an increase in $d\sigma/dM_{\eta d}$ near the $\eta d$ threshold is observed, which indicates a bound or virtual $\eta d$ state resulting from a strong attraction between $\eta$ and a deuteron. The possibilities of using coherent $\pi^0\eta$ photoproduction on a nucleus to study the $\eta$-nuclear interaction are also discussed., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures

The Kerinci dialect has various variations in almost every region. These dialects also have differences, both at the phonological and lexical levels between dialects. However, speakers and interlocutors understand each other when speaking in their respective dialects so that it does not prevent the Kerinci people from communicating with each other. The purpose of the research was to describe the differences in language variation between the Kerinci Siulak dialect and the Kerinci Rawang dialect. This research uses Jeff Siegel's theory of language and dialect variations. In reviewing the data of this study using qualitative methods, while data collection used interview methods with recording techniques. This research was conducted in Hamparan Rawang Village and in Siulak Village, Kerinci Regency with 5 informants. The results showed that based on the available data, in the Kerinci language, the Siulak dialect and the Rawang dialect, there are sounds which are phonemes that can be grouped into three groups, namely vowels, diphthongs, and consonants. The Siulak and Rawang dialects have 23 sounds, with 5 vowels, 10 consonants, and 8 diphthongs. The correspondence phonemes of the two dialects are 35 which are at the initial, middle and final syllable caused by geographical, sociocultural and social status factors.

The Kerinci dialect has various variations in almost every region. These dialects also have differences, both at the phonological and lexical levels between dialects. However, speakers and interlocutors understand each other when speaking in their respective dialects so that it does not prevent the Kerinci people from communicating with each other. The purpose of the research was to describe the differences in language variation between the Kerinci Siulak dialect and the Kerinci Rawang dialect. This research uses Jeff Siegel's theory of language and dialect variations. In reviewing the data of this study using qualitative methods, while data collection used interview methods with recording techniques. This research was conducted in Hamparan Rawang Village and in Siulak Village, Kerinci Regency with 5 informants. The results showed that based on the available data, in the Kerinci language, the Siulak dialect and the Rawang dialect, there are sounds which are phonemes that can be grouped into three groups, namely vowels, diphthongs, and consonants. The Siulak and Rawang dialects have 23 sounds, with 5 vowels, 10 consonants, and 8 diphthongs. The correspondence phonemes of the two dialects are 35 which are at the initial, middle and final syllable caused by geographical, sociocultural and social status factors.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the interaction of cow rumen trico compost and vegetable pesticides on the growth and production of tomato plants. Research entitled "Use of Cow Rumen Trico Compost and Betel Leaf Pesticides on Growth and Production of Tomato Plants (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill)". This research was carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Riau Islamic University, Jalan Kaharuddin Nasution KM 11 No. 113 Marpoyan Stop, Air Cold Village, Bukit Raya District, Pekanbaru. The study was carried out for 4 months, from February to May 2021. The design used in the study was a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors. The first factor was cow rumen trico compost consisting of 4 levels, namely: 0, 187.50, 375.00 and 562.50 g/plant. The second factor is betel leaf pesticide consisting of 4 levels: 0, 50, 100 and 150 ml/l water. Observation parameters: plant height, flowering age, harvest age, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight per plant, fruit weight per fruit and number of remaining fruits. If the calculated F is greater than the F table, then it is continued with a further test of honest real difference (BNJ) at the level of 5%. The interaction of cow rumen trico compost and betel leaf pesticide affected all observation parameters. The best treatment dose of cow rumen compost was 562.50 g/plant and betel leaf pesticide concentration of 150 ml/l water. The main effect of cow rumen compost dose was on all observation parameters. The best treatment dose was 562.50 g/plant. The main effect of betel leaf pesticide concentration affects all observation parameters, where the best treatment is the concentration of 150 ml/l water.

Proses desain sebuah jalan adalah pekerjaan yang kompleks karena untuk terbentuknya sebuah jalan yang aman dan nyaman, diperlukan kolaborasi antar berbagai disiplin ilmu teknik. Adapun hal lain yang membuat kompleks adalah ketika jalan tersebut terbangun akan mempengaruhi kondisi dan situasi berbagai aspek ekonomi, lingkungan, sosial, bahkan budaya lokasi jalan tersebut dibangun. Hal tersebut membuat proses desain menjadi sulit dan sering terjadi eror karena banyaknya parameter-parameter perhitungan yang saling terkait satu dengan lainnya dan perlu waktu yang tidak sedikit untuk menemukan solusi dari eror desain tersebut. Selain kompleks, proses desain jalan juga harus sesuai dengan peraturan dan standar desain tempat lokasi jalan tersebut dibangun agar tercipta desain jalan yang aman. Dari kekakuan terhadap peraturan tersebut, maka akan banyak sekali pekerjaan item desain yang serupa dan dikerjakan secara berulang-ulang untuk proyek jalan dengan tipe yang sama. Dari dua permasalahan besar itulah diperlukan sebuah metode baru dalam mendesain sebuah jalan, metode yang dapat mengubah parameter-parameter dalam desain dengan mudah dan efisien serta yang dapat mengotomatiskan pekerjaan berulang-ulang saat mendesain jalan berbasis BIM. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jalan Mayjend. Sungkono, Blater, Kalimanah, Purbalingga yang sebagian besar menggunakan perangkat lunak Dynamo yang terhubung dengan Civil 3D untuk pembuatan pemrograman visual. Data informasi geografis lokasi penelitian didapatkan dari ekstraksi data koordinat pada Google Earth Pro. Data geometrik jalan didapatkan dengan melakukan pengamatan dan pengukuran langsung, sedangkan data perkerasan merupakan data dummy yang digunakan untuk menjalan program. Peraturan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Tata Cara Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan Antar Kota (TCPGJAK) tahun 1997 untuk perhitungan geometrik dan Manual Desain Perkerasan (MDP) tahun 2017 untuk perhitungan perkerasan. Penelitian dimulai dengan menyiapkan da

Proses desain sebuah jalan adalah pekerjaan yang kompleks karena untuk terbentuknya sebuah jalan yang aman dan nyaman, diperlukan kolaborasi antar berbagai disiplin ilmu teknik. Adapun hal lain yang membuat kompleks adalah ketika jalan tersebut terbangun akan mempengaruhi kondisi dan situasi berbagai aspek ekonomi, lingkungan, sosial, bahkan budaya lokasi jalan tersebut dibangun. Hal tersebut membuat proses desain menjadi sulit dan sering terjadi eror karena banyaknya parameter-parameter perhitungan yang saling terkait satu dengan lainnya dan perlu waktu yang tidak sedikit untuk menemukan solusi dari eror desain tersebut. Selain kompleks, proses desain jalan juga harus sesuai dengan peraturan dan standar desain tempat lokasi jalan tersebut dibangun agar tercipta desain jalan yang aman. Dari kekakuan terhadap peraturan tersebut, maka akan banyak sekali pekerjaan item desain yang serupa dan dikerjakan secara berulang-ulang untuk proyek jalan dengan tipe yang sama. Dari dua permasalahan besar itulah diperlukan sebuah metode baru dalam mendesain sebuah jalan, metode yang dapat mengubah parameter-parameter dalam desain dengan mudah dan efisien serta yang dapat mengotomatiskan pekerjaan berulang-ulang saat mendesain jalan berbasis BIM. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jalan Mayjend. Sungkono, Blater, Kalimanah, Purbalingga yang sebagian besar menggunakan perangkat lunak Dynamo yang terhubung dengan Civil 3D untuk pembuatan pemrograman visual. Data informasi geografis lokasi penelitian didapatkan dari ekstraksi data koordinat pada Google Earth Pro. Data geometrik jalan didapatkan dengan melakukan pengamatan dan pengukuran langsung, sedangkan data perkerasan merupakan data dummy yang digunakan untuk menjalan program. Peraturan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Tata Cara Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan Antar Kota (TCPGJAK) tahun 1997 untuk perhitungan geometrik dan Manual Desain Perkerasan (MDP) tahun 2017 untuk perhitungan perkerasan. Penelitian dimulai dengan menyiapkan da

Proses desain sebuah jalan adalah pekerjaan yang kompleks karena untuk terbentuknya sebuah jalan yang aman dan nyaman, diperlukan kolaborasi antar berbagai disiplin ilmu teknik. Adapun hal lain yang membuat kompleks adalah ketika jalan tersebut terbangun akan mempengaruhi kondisi dan situasi berbagai aspek ekonomi, lingkungan, sosial, bahkan budaya lokasi jalan tersebut dibangun. Hal tersebut membuat proses desain menjadi sulit dan sering terjadi eror karena banyaknya parameter-parameter perhitungan yang saling terkait satu dengan lainnya dan perlu waktu yang tidak sedikit untuk menemukan solusi dari eror desain tersebut. Selain kompleks, proses desain jalan juga harus sesuai dengan peraturan dan standar desain tempat lokasi jalan tersebut dibangun agar tercipta desain jalan yang aman. Dari kekakuan terhadap peraturan tersebut, maka akan banyak sekali pekerjaan item desain yang serupa dan dikerjakan secara berulang-ulang untuk proyek jalan dengan tipe yang sama. Dari dua permasalahan besar itulah diperlukan sebuah metode baru dalam mendesain sebuah jalan, metode yang dapat mengubah parameter-parameter dalam desain dengan mudah dan efisien serta yang dapat mengotomatiskan pekerjaan berulang-ulang saat mendesain jalan berbasis BIM. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jalan Mayjend. Sungkono, Blater, Kalimanah, Purbalingga yang sebagian besar menggunakan perangkat lunak Dynamo yang terhubung dengan Civil 3D untuk pembuatan pemrograman visual. Data informasi geografis lokasi penelitian didapatkan dari ekstraksi data koordinat pada Google Earth Pro. Data geometrik jalan didapatkan dengan melakukan pengamatan dan pengukuran langsung, sedangkan data perkerasan merupakan data dummy yang digunakan untuk menjalan program. Peraturan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Tata Cara Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan Antar Kota (TCPGJAK) tahun 1997 untuk perhitungan geometrik dan Manual Desain Perkerasan (MDP) tahun 2017 untuk perhitungan perkerasan. Penelitian dimulai dengan menyiapkan da

Proses desain sebuah jalan adalah pekerjaan yang kompleks karena untuk terbentuknya sebuah jalan yang aman dan nyaman, diperlukan kolaborasi antar berbagai disiplin ilmu teknik. Adapun hal lain yang membuat kompleks adalah ketika jalan tersebut terbangun akan mempengaruhi kondisi dan situasi berbagai aspek ekonomi, lingkungan, sosial, bahkan budaya lokasi jalan tersebut dibangun. Hal tersebut membuat proses desain menjadi sulit dan sering terjadi eror karena banyaknya parameter-parameter perhitungan yang saling terkait satu dengan lainnya dan perlu waktu yang tidak sedikit untuk menemukan solusi dari eror desain tersebut. Selain kompleks, proses desain jalan juga harus sesuai dengan peraturan dan standar desain tempat lokasi jalan tersebut dibangun agar tercipta desain jalan yang aman. Dari kekakuan terhadap peraturan tersebut, maka akan banyak sekali pekerjaan item desain yang serupa dan dikerjakan secara berulang-ulang untuk proyek jalan dengan tipe yang sama. Dari dua permasalahan besar itulah diperlukan sebuah metode baru dalam mendesain sebuah jalan, metode yang dapat mengubah parameter-parameter dalam desain dengan mudah dan efisien serta yang dapat mengotomatiskan pekerjaan berulang-ulang saat mendesain jalan berbasis BIM. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jalan Mayjend. Sungkono, Blater, Kalimanah, Purbalingga yang sebagian besar menggunakan perangkat lunak Dynamo yang terhubung dengan Civil 3D untuk pembuatan pemrograman visual. Data informasi geografis lokasi penelitian didapatkan dari ekstraksi data koordinat pada Google Earth Pro. Data geometrik jalan didapatkan dengan melakukan pengamatan dan pengukuran langsung, sedangkan data perkerasan merupakan data dummy yang digunakan untuk menjalan program. Peraturan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Tata Cara Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan Antar Kota (TCPGJAK) tahun 1997 untuk perhitungan geometrik dan Manual Desain Perkerasan (MDP) tahun 2017 untuk perhitungan perkerasan. Penelitian dimulai dengan menyiapkan da

Technoeconomic analysis (TEA) is an approach for conducting process design and simulation, informed by empirical data, to estimate capital costs, operating costs, mass balances, and energy balances for a commercial scale biorefinery. TEA serves as a useful method to screen potential research priorities, identify cost bottlenecks at the earliest stages of research, and provide the mass and energy data needed to conduct life-cycle environmental assessments. Recent studies have produced new tools and methods to enable faster iteration on potential designs, more robust uncertainty analysis, and greater accessibility through the use of open-source platforms. There is also a trend toward more expansive system boundaries to incorporate the impact of policy incentives, use-phase performance differences, and potential impacts on global market supply.

Mechanical recycling of polymers downgrades them such that they are unusable after a few cycles. Alternatively, chemical recycling to monomer offers a means to recover the embodied chemical feedstocks for remanufacturing. However, only a limited number of commodity polymers may be chemically recycled, and the processes remain resource intensive. We use systems analysis to quantify the costs and life-cycle carbon footprints of virgin and chemically recycled polydiketoenamines (PDKs), next-generation polymers that depolymerize under ambient conditions in strong acid. The cost of producing virgin PDK resin using unoptimized processes is ~30-fold higher than recycling them, and the cost of recycled PDK resin ($1.5 kg-1) is on par with PET and HDPE, and below that of polyurethanes. Virgin resin production is carbon intensive (86 kg CO2e kg-1), while chemical recycling emits only 2 kg CO2e kg-1 This cost and emissions disparity provides a strong incentive to recover and recycle future polymer waste.

Mechanical recycling of polymers downgrades them such that they are unusable after a few cycles. Alternatively, chemical recycling to monomer offers a means to recover the embodied chemical feedstocks for remanufacturing. However, only a limited number of commodity polymers may be chemically recycled, and the processes remain resource intensive. We use systems analysis to quantify the costs and life-cycle carbon footprints of virgin and chemically recycled polydiketoenamines (PDKs), next-generation polymers that depolymerize under ambient conditions in strong acid. The cost of producing virgin PDK resin using unoptimized processes is ~30-fold higher than recycling them, and the cost of recycled PDK resin ($1.5 kg-1) is on par with PET and HDPE, and below that of polyurethanes. Virgin resin production is carbon intensive (86 kg CO2e kg-1), while chemical recycling emits only 2 kg CO2e kg-1 This cost and emissions disparity provides a strong incentive to recover and recycle future polymer waste.

Current understanding of the state of Fe during the hydration of cement is very limited and further studies are necessary to find out the possible incorporation of Fe in cement hydrates. Moreover, it is important to understand the hydration reaction and properties development of ferrite-rich cement. Our previous study [1] reported the hydration reaction and properties of ferrite-rich Portland cement by various experimental techniques and thermodynamic modelling and compared with ordinary Portland cement. However, we could not quantify the Fecontaining hydrates in the cements and the uptake of Fe by C-S-H. Therefore, the objective of this study is to quantify the Fe-containing hydrates during the hydration of ordinary Portland cement and ferrite-rich Portland cement. Ordinary Portland cement and ferrite-rich Portland cement were hydrated for 3 months and the hydration products were quantified with XRD/Rietveld analysis. The selective dissolution was used to determine the amount of Fe-containing phases. It was found that Fe-siliceous hydrogarnet was the primary Fe-containing phase. From the hydration of ferrite and amount of formed Fesiliceous hydrogarnet, the Fe uptake in C-S-H was determined. The distribution ratio for Fe uptake in C-S-H and chemical composition of Fe-siliceous hydrogarnet were incorporated into the thermodynamic model to predict the hydration reaction of ordinary Portland cement and ferrite-rich Portland cement and the results were compared with experimental data of XRD/Rietveld analysis and selective dissolution. The successful agreement of the experimental results with the model demonstrates the state of Fe in the hydrated cements.

Mechanical recycling of polymers downgrades them such that they are unusable after a few cycles. Alternatively, chemical recycling to monomer offers a means to recover the embodied chemical feedstocks for remanufacturing. However, only a limited number of commodity polymers may be chemically recycled, and the processes remain resource intensive. We use systems analysis to quantify the costs and life-cycle carbon footprints of virgin and chemically recycled polydiketoenamines (PDKs), next-generation polymers that depolymerize under ambient conditions in strong acid. The cost of producing virgin PDK resin using unoptimized processes is ~30-fold higher than recycling them, and the cost of recycled PDK resin ($1.5 kg-1) is on par with PET and HDPE, and below that of polyurethanes. Virgin resin production is carbon intensive (86 kg CO2e kg-1), while chemical recycling emits only 2 kg CO2e kg-1 This cost and emissions disparity provides a strong incentive to recover and recycle future polymer waste.

Technoeconomic analysis (TEA) is an approach for conducting process design and simulation, informed by empirical data, to estimate capital costs, operating costs, mass balances, and energy balances for a commercial scale biorefinery. TEA serves as a useful method to screen potential research priorities, identify cost bottlenecks at the earliest stages of research, and provide the mass and energy data needed to conduct life-cycle environmental assessments. Recent studies have produced new tools and methods to enable faster iteration on potential designs, more robust uncertainty analysis, and greater accessibility through the use of open-source platforms. There is also a trend toward more expansive system boundaries to incorporate the impact of policy incentives, use-phase performance differences, and potential impacts on global market supply.