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1. Sustainable lake restoration: From challenges to solutions

Author: Tammeorg, Olga, Chorus, Ingrid, Spears, Bryan, Nõges, Peeter, Nürnberg, Gertrud K., Tammeorg, Priit, Søndergaard, Martin, Jeppesen, Erik, Paerl, Hans, Huser, Brian, Horppila, Jukka, Jilbert, Tom, Budzyńska, Agnieszka, Dondajewska‐Pielka, Renata, Gołdyn, Ryszard, Haasler, Sina, Hellsten, Seppo, Härkönen, Laura H., Kiani, Mina, Kozak, Anna, Kotamäki, Niina, Kowalczewska‐Madura, Katarzyna, Newell, Silvia, Nurminen, Leena, Nõges, Tiina, Reitzel, Kasper, Rosińska, Joanna, Ruuhijärvi, Jukka, Silvonen, Soila, Skov, Christian, Važić, Tamara, Ventelä, Anne‐Mari, Waajen, Guido, Lürling, Miquel, Tammeorg, Olga, Chorus, Ingrid, Spears, Bryan, Nõges, Peeter, Nürnberg, Gertrud K., Tammeorg, Priit, Søndergaard, Martin, Jeppesen, Erik, Paerl, Hans, Huser, Brian, Horppila, Jukka, Jilbert, Tom, Budzyńska, Agnieszka, Dondajewska‐Pielka, Renata, Gołdyn, Ryszard, Haasler, Sina, Hellsten, Seppo, Härkönen, Laura H., Kiani, Mina, Kozak, Anna, Kotamäki, Niina, Kowalczewska‐Madura, Katarzyna, Newell, Silvia, Nurminen, Leena, Nõges, Tiina, Reitzel, Kasper, Rosińska, Joanna, Ruuhijärvi, Jukka, Silvonen, Soila, Skov, Christian, Važić, Tamara, Ventelä, Anne‐Mari, Waajen, Guido, and Lürling, Miquel
Abstract: Sustainable management of lakes requires us to overcome ecological, economic, and social challenges. These challenges can be addressed by focusing on achieving ecological improvement within a multifaceted, co‐beneficial context. In‐lake restoration measures may promote more rapid ecosystem responses than is feasible with catchment measures alone, even if multiple interventions are needed. In particular, we identify restoration methods that support the overarching societal target of a circular economy through the use of nutrients, sediments, or biomass that are removed from a lake, in agriculture, as food, or for biogas production. In this emerging field of sustainable restoration techniques, we show examples, discuss benefits and pitfalls, and flag areas for further research and development. Each lake should be assessed individually to ensure that restoration approaches will effectively address lake‐specific problems, do not harm the target lake or downstream ecosystems, are cost‐effective, promote delivery of valuable ecosystem services, minimize conflicts in public interests, and eliminate the necessity for repeated interventions. Achieving optimal, sustainable results from lake restoration relies on multidisciplinary research and close interactions between environmental, social, political, and economic sectors.
Published: 2024

2. Sustainable lake restoration: from challenges to solutions

Author: Tammeorg, Olga, Chorus, Ingrid, Spears, Bryan, Nõges, Peeter, Nürnberg, Gertrud K., Tammeorg, Priit, Søndergaard, Martin, Jeppesen, Erik, Paerl, Hans, Huser, Brian, Horppila, Jukka, Jilbert, Tom, Budzyńska, Agnieszka, Dondajewska‐Pielka, Renata, Gołdyn, Ryszard, Haasler, Sina, Hellsten, Seppo, Härkönen, Laura H., Kiani, Mina, Kozak, Anna, Kotamäki, Niina, Kowalczewska‐Madura, Katarzyna, Newell, Silvia, Nurminen, Leena, Nõges, Tiina, Reitzel, Kasper, Rosińska, Joanna, Ruuhijärvi, Jukka, Silvonen, Soila, Skov, Christian, Važić, Tamara, Ventelä, Anne‐Mari, Waajen, Guido, Lürling, Miquel, Tammeorg, Olga, Chorus, Ingrid, Spears, Bryan, Nõges, Peeter, Nürnberg, Gertrud K., Tammeorg, Priit, Søndergaard, Martin, Jeppesen, Erik, Paerl, Hans, Huser, Brian, Horppila, Jukka, Jilbert, Tom, Budzyńska, Agnieszka, Dondajewska‐Pielka, Renata, Gołdyn, Ryszard, Haasler, Sina, Hellsten, Seppo, Härkönen, Laura H., Kiani, Mina, Kozak, Anna, Kotamäki, Niina, Kowalczewska‐Madura, Katarzyna, Newell, Silvia, Nurminen, Leena, Nõges, Tiina, Reitzel, Kasper, Rosińska, Joanna, Ruuhijärvi, Jukka, Silvonen, Soila, Skov, Christian, Važić, Tamara, Ventelä, Anne‐Mari, Waajen, Guido, and Lürling, Miquel
Abstract: Sustainable management of lakes requires us to overcome ecological, economic, and social challenges. These challenges can be addressed by focusing on achieving ecological improvement within a multifaceted, co-beneficial context. In-lake restoration measures may promote more rapid ecosystem responses than is feasible with catchment measures alone, even if multiple interventions are needed. In particular, we identify restoration methods that support the overarching societal target of a circular economy through the use of nutrients, sediments, or biomass that are removed from a lake, in agriculture, as food, or for biogas production. In this emerging field of sustainable restoration techniques, we show examples, discuss benefits and pitfalls, and flag areas for further research and development. Each lake should be assessed individually to ensure that restoration approaches will effectively address lake-specific problems, do not harm the target lake or downstream ecosystems, are cost-effective, promote delivery of valuable ecosystem services, minimize conflicts in public interests, and eliminate the necessity for repeated interventions. Achieving optimal, sustainable results from lake restoration relies on multidisciplinary research and close interactions between environmental, social, political, and economic sectors.
Published: 2024

3. Sustainable lake restoration : From challenges to solutions

Author: Tammeorg, Olga, Chorus, Ingrid, Spears, Bryan, Nõges, Peeter, Nürnberg, Gertrud K., Tammeorg, Priit, Søndergaard, Martin, Jeppesen, Erik, Paerl, Hans, Huser, Brian, Horppila, Jukka, Jilbert, Tom, Budzyńska, Agnieszka, Dondajewska-Pielka, Renata, Gołdyn, Ryszard, Haasler, Sina, Hellsten, Seppo, Härkönen, Laura H., Kiani, Mina, Kozak, Anna, Kotamäki, Niina, Kowalczewska-Madura, Katarzyna, Newell, Silvia, Nurminen, Leena, Nõges, Tiina, Reitzel, Kasper, Rosińska, Joanna, Ruuhijärvi, Jukka, Silvonen, Soila, Skov, Christian, Važić, Tamara, Ventelä, Anne Mari, Waajen, Guido, Lürling, Miquel, Tammeorg, Olga, Chorus, Ingrid, Spears, Bryan, Nõges, Peeter, Nürnberg, Gertrud K., Tammeorg, Priit, Søndergaard, Martin, Jeppesen, Erik, Paerl, Hans, Huser, Brian, Horppila, Jukka, Jilbert, Tom, Budzyńska, Agnieszka, Dondajewska-Pielka, Renata, Gołdyn, Ryszard, Haasler, Sina, Hellsten, Seppo, Härkönen, Laura H., Kiani, Mina, Kozak, Anna, Kotamäki, Niina, Kowalczewska-Madura, Katarzyna, Newell, Silvia, Nurminen, Leena, Nõges, Tiina, Reitzel, Kasper, Rosińska, Joanna, Ruuhijärvi, Jukka, Silvonen, Soila, Skov, Christian, Važić, Tamara, Ventelä, Anne Mari, Waajen, Guido, and Lürling, Miquel
Abstract: Sustainable management of lakes requires us to overcome ecological, economic, and social challenges. These challenges can be addressed by focusing on achieving ecological improvement within a multifaceted, co-beneficial context. In-lake restoration measures may promote more rapid ecosystem responses than is feasible with catchment measures alone, even if multiple interventions are needed. In particular, we identify restoration methods that support the overarching societal target of a circular economy through the use of nutrients, sediments, or biomass that are removed from a lake, in agriculture, as food, or for biogas production. In this emerging field of sustainable restoration techniques, we show examples, discuss benefits and pitfalls, and flag areas for further research and development. Each lake should be assessed individually to ensure that restoration approaches will effectively address lake-specific problems, do not harm the target lake or downstream ecosystems, are cost-effective, promote delivery of valuable ecosystem services, minimize conflicts in public interests, and eliminate the necessity for repeated interventions. Achieving optimal, sustainable results from lake restoration relies on multidisciplinary research and close interactions between environmental, social, political, and economic sectors. This article is categorized under: Science of Water > Water Quality Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness.
Published: 2024

4. Global Climate

Author: Natural Environment Research Council (UK), European Commission, Department of Energy (US)an), Estonian Research Council, National Research Foundation of Korea, European Research Council, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Fundación BBVA, Royal Society (UK), NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Dunn, Robert J. H., Aldred, Freya, Gobron, Nadine, Miller, John B., Willett, Kate M., Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Allan, R. P., Anderson, John, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Augustine, John A., Azorín-Molina, César, Barichivich, Jonathan, Basu, Aman, Beck, Hylke E., Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Blagrave, Kevin, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bove, Gerald, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A., Carrea, Laura, Chang, Kai-Lan, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, Eui-Seok, Ciasto, Laura M., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Cooper, Owen R., Cornes, Richard C., Covey, Curt, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Cusicanqui, Diego, Davis, Sean M., Jeu, Richard A. M. de, Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, Gregory, Elkins, James W., Estilow, Thomas W., Fedaeff, Nava, Fereday, David, Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Füllekrug, Martin, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gentry, Matthew, Goodman, Steven, Gou, Qiqi, Granin, Nikolay, Guglielmin, Mauro, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Hemming, Debbie L., Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu-pen (Ben), Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hubert, Daan, Hulsman, Petra, Hurst, Dale F., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, John, Viju O., Jones, Philip D., Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kaufmann, Viktor, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kent, Elizabeth C., Kidd, Richard, Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Zak, Koppa, Akash, Henning L’Abée-Lund, Jan, Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Lavers, David, Loeb, Norman G., Loyola, Diego, Madelon, Remi, Malmquist, Hilmar J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, Matthew F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mösinger, Leander, Mühle, Jens, Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Nõges, Tiina, Noll, Ben, O’Keefe, John, Osborn, Tim J., Park, Taejin, Pellet, Cecile, Pelto, Maury S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Phillips, Coda, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Rains, Dominik G., Randel, William J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio J., Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, Alexei, Rutishäuser, This, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Schenzinger, Verena, Schlegel, Robert W., Schneider, Udo, Sharma, Sapna, Shi, Lei, Simmons, Adrian J., Siso, Carolina, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, Brian J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, Tim H., Stackhouse Jr., Paul W., Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K., Stewart, Kenton, Stradiotti, Pietro, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, Stephen J., Thibert, Emmanuel, Todt, Michael, Tokuda, Daisuke, Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., Van der A, Ronald, Schalie, Robin van der, Schrier, Gerard van der, Vliet, Mendy van der, Werf, Guido R. van der, Vliet, Arnold. van, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vimont, Isaac J., Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastiàn, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray H. J., Weber, Markus, Wiese, David, Wild, Jeanette D., Williams, Earle, Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Yin, Xungang, Yuan, Ye, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, Zotta, Ruxandra M., Natural Environment Research Council (UK), European Commission, Department of Energy (US)an), Estonian Research Council, National Research Foundation of Korea, European Research Council, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Fundación BBVA, Royal Society (UK), NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Dunn, Robert J. H., Aldred, Freya, Gobron, Nadine, Miller, John B., Willett, Kate M., Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Allan, R. P., Anderson, John, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Augustine, John A., Azorín-Molina, César, Barichivich, Jonathan, Basu, Aman, Beck, Hylke E., Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Blagrave, Kevin, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bove, Gerald, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A., Carrea, Laura, Chang, Kai-Lan, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, Eui-Seok, Ciasto, Laura M., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Cooper, Owen R., Cornes, Richard C., Covey, Curt, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Cusicanqui, Diego, Davis, Sean M., Jeu, Richard A. M. de, Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, Gregory, Elkins, James W., Estilow, Thomas W., Fedaeff, Nava, Fereday, David, Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Füllekrug, Martin, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gentry, Matthew, Goodman, Steven, Gou, Qiqi, Granin, Nikolay, Guglielmin, Mauro, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Hemming, Debbie L., Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu-pen (Ben), Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hubert, Daan, Hulsman, Petra, Hurst, Dale F., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, John, Viju O., Jones, Philip D., Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kaufmann, Viktor, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kent, Elizabeth C., Kidd, Richard, Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Zak, Koppa, Akash, Henning L’Abée-Lund, Jan, Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Lavers, David, Loeb, Norman G., Loyola, Diego, Madelon, Remi, Malmquist, Hilmar J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, Matthew F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mösinger, Leander, Mühle, Jens, Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Nõges, Tiina, Noll, Ben, O’Keefe, John, Osborn, Tim J., Park, Taejin, Pellet, Cecile, Pelto, Maury S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Phillips, Coda, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Rains, Dominik G., Randel, William J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio J., Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, Alexei, Rutishäuser, This, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Schenzinger, Verena, Schlegel, Robert W., Schneider, Udo, Sharma, Sapna, Shi, Lei, Simmons, Adrian J., Siso, Carolina, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, Brian J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, Tim H., Stackhouse Jr., Paul W., Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K., Stewart, Kenton, Stradiotti, Pietro, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, Stephen J., Thibert, Emmanuel, Todt, Michael, Tokuda, Daisuke, Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., Van der A, Ronald, Schalie, Robin van der, Schrier, Gerard van der, Vliet, Mendy van der, Werf, Guido R. van der, Vliet, Arnold. van, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vimont, Isaac J., Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastiàn, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray H. J., Weber, Markus, Wiese, David, Wild, Jeanette D., Williams, Earle, Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Yin, Xungang, Yuan, Ye, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, and Zotta, Ruxandra M.
Abstract: In 2021, both social and economic activities began to return towards the levels preceding the COVID-19 pandemic for some parts of the globe, with others still experiencing restrictions. Meanwhile, the climate has continued to respond to the ongoing increase in greenhouse gases and resulting warming. La Niña, a phenomenon which tends to depress global temperatures while changing rainfall patterns in many regions, prevailed for all but two months of the year. Despite this, 2021 was one of the six-warmest years on record as measured by global mean surface temperature with an anomaly of between +0.21° and +0.28°C above the 1991–2020 climatology.
Published: 2022

5. Global Climate

Author: Natural Environment Research Council (UK), European Commission, Department of Energy (US), Estonian Research Council, National Research Foundation of Korea, European Research Council, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Fundación BBVA, Royal Society (UK), NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Dunn, Robert J. H., Aldred, Freya, Gobron, Nadine, Miller, John B., Willett, Kate M., Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Allan, R. P., Anderson, John, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Wang, Ray H. J., Weber, Markus, Wiese, David, Wild, Jeanette D., Williams, Earle, Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Yin, Xungang, Yuan, Ye, Benedetti, Angela, Madelon, Remi, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, Zotta, Ruxandra M., Blagrave, Kevin, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Malmquist, Hilmar J., Boucher, Olivier, Bove, Gerald, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A., Carrea, Laura, Chang, Kai-Lan, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, Eui-Seok, Ciasto, Laura M., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Cooper, Owen R., Cornes, Richard C., Covey, Curt, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Cusicanqui, Diego, Davis, Sean M., Jeu, Richard A. M. de, Degenstein, Doug, Mayer, Michael, Delaloye, Reynald, Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, Gregory, Elkins, James W., Estilow, Thomas W., Fedaeff, Nava, Fereday, David, McCabe, Matthew F., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Füllekrug, Martin, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gentry, Matthew, Goodman, Steven, McVicar, Tim R., Gou, Qiqi, Granin, Nikolay, Guglielmin, Mauro, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Hemming, Debbie L., Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu-pen (Ben), Mears, Carl A., Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hubert, Daan, Hulsman, Petra, Hurst, Dale F., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, John, Viju O., Jones, Philip D., Junod, Robert, Menzel, Annette, Kääb, Andreas, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kaufmann, Viktor, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kent, Elizabeth C., Kidd, Richard, Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Zak, Koppa, Akash, Henning L’Abée-Lund, Jan, Merchant, Christopher J., Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Lavers, David, Loeb, Norman G., Loyola, Diego, Miralles, Diego G., Argüez, Anthony, Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mösinger, Leander, Mühle, Jens, Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Nõges, Tiina, Noll, Ben, O’Keefe, John, Osborn, Tim J., Arosio, Carlo, Park, Taejin, Pellet, Cecile, Pelto, Maury S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Phillips, Coda, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Augustine, John A., Rains, Dominik G., Randel, William J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio J., Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Azorín-Molina, César, Rozanov, Alexei, Rutishäuser, This, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Schenzinger, Verena, Schlegel, Robert W., Schneider, Udo, Sharma, Sapna, Shi, Lei, Simmons, Adrian J., Barichivich, Jonathan, Siso, Carolina, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, Brian J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, Tim H., Stackhouse Jr., Paul W., Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K., Stewart, Kenton, Basu, Aman, Stradiotti, Pietro, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, Stephen J., Thibert, Emmanuel, Todt, Michael, Tokuda, Daisuke, Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., Van der A, Ronald, Beck, Hylke E., Schalie, Robin van der, Schrier, Gerard van der, Vliet, Mendy van der, Werf, Guido R. van der, Vliet, Arnold. van, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vimont, Isaac J., Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastiàn, Vömel, Holger, Bellouin, Nicolas, Vose, Russell S., Natural Environment Research Council (UK), European Commission, Department of Energy (US), Estonian Research Council, National Research Foundation of Korea, European Research Council, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Fundación BBVA, Royal Society (UK), NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), Dunn, Robert J. H., Aldred, Freya, Gobron, Nadine, Miller, John B., Willett, Kate M., Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Allan, R. P., Anderson, John, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Wang, Ray H. J., Weber, Markus, Wiese, David, Wild, Jeanette D., Williams, Earle, Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. Iestyn, Yin, Xungang, Yuan, Ye, Benedetti, Angela, Madelon, Remi, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, Zotta, Ruxandra M., Blagrave, Kevin, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Malmquist, Hilmar J., Boucher, Olivier, Bove, Gerald, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A., Carrea, Laura, Chang, Kai-Lan, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, Eui-Seok, Ciasto, Laura M., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Cooper, Owen R., Cornes, Richard C., Covey, Curt, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Cusicanqui, Diego, Davis, Sean M., Jeu, Richard A. M. de, Degenstein, Doug, Mayer, Michael, Delaloye, Reynald, Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, Gregory, Elkins, James W., Estilow, Thomas W., Fedaeff, Nava, Fereday, David, McCabe, Matthew F., Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Füllekrug, Martin, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gentry, Matthew, Goodman, Steven, McVicar, Tim R., Gou, Qiqi, Granin, Nikolay, Guglielmin, Mauro, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Hemming, Debbie L., Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu-pen (Ben), Mears, Carl A., Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hubert, Daan, Hulsman, Petra, Hurst, Dale F., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, John, Viju O., Jones, Philip D., Junod, Robert, Menzel, Annette, Kääb, Andreas, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kaufmann, Viktor, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kent, Elizabeth C., Kidd, Richard, Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Zak, Koppa, Akash, Henning L’Abée-Lund, Jan, Merchant, Christopher J., Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Lavers, David, Loeb, Norman G., Loyola, Diego, Miralles, Diego G., Argüez, Anthony, Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mösinger, Leander, Mühle, Jens, Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Nõges, Tiina, Noll, Ben, O’Keefe, John, Osborn, Tim J., Arosio, Carlo, Park, Taejin, Pellet, Cecile, Pelto, Maury S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Phillips, Coda, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Augustine, John A., Rains, Dominik G., Randel, William J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio J., Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Azorín-Molina, César, Rozanov, Alexei, Rutishäuser, This, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Schenzinger, Verena, Schlegel, Robert W., Schneider, Udo, Sharma, Sapna, Shi, Lei, Simmons, Adrian J., Barichivich, Jonathan, Siso, Carolina, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, Brian J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, Tim H., Stackhouse Jr., Paul W., Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K., Stewart, Kenton, Basu, Aman, Stradiotti, Pietro, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, Stephen J., Thibert, Emmanuel, Todt, Michael, Tokuda, Daisuke, Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., Van der A, Ronald, Beck, Hylke E., Schalie, Robin van der, Schrier, Gerard van der, Vliet, Mendy van der, Werf, Guido R. van der, Vliet, Arnold. van, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vimont, Isaac J., Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastiàn, Vömel, Holger, Bellouin, Nicolas, and Vose, Russell S.
Abstract: In 2021, both social and economic activities began to return towards the levels preceding the COVID-19 pandemic for some parts of the globe, with others still experiencing restrictions. Meanwhile, the climate has continued to respond to the ongoing increase in greenhouse gases and resulting warming. La Niña, a phenomenon which tends to depress global temperatures while changing rainfall patterns in many regions, prevailed for all but two months of the year. Despite this, 2021 was one of the six-warmest years on record as measured by global mean surface temperature with an anomaly of between +0.21° and +0.28°C above the 1991–2020 climatology.
Published: 2022

6. Global Climate: STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2021

Author: Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Aldred, Freya, Allan, R. P., Anderson, John, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Augustine, John A., Azorin-Molina, Cesar, Barichivich, Jonathan, Basu, Aman, Beck, Hylke E., Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Blagrave, Kevin, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bove, Gerald, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A., Carrea, Laura, Chang, Kai Lan, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, Eui Seok, Ciasto, Laura M., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Cooper, Owen R., Cornes, Richard C., Covey, Curt, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Cusicanqui, Diego, Davis, Sean M., de Jeu, Richard A.M., Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Dunn, Robert J.H., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, Gregory, Elkins, James W., Estilow, Thomas W., Fedaeff, Nava, Fereday, David, Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Füllekrug, Martin, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gentry, Matthew, Gobron, Nadine, Goodman, Steven, Gou, Qiqi, Granin, Nikolay, Guglielmin, Mauro, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Hemming, Debbie L., Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu Pen, Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hubert, Daan, Hulsman, Petra, Hurst, Dale F., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, John, Viju O., Jones, Philip D., Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kaufmann, Viktor, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kent, Elizabeth C., Kidd, Richard, Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Zak, Koppa, Akash, L'Abée-Lund, Jan Henning, Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Lavers, David, Loeb, Norman G., Loyola, Diego, Madelon, Remi, Malmquist, Hilmar J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, Matthew F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J., Miller, John B., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mösinger, Leander, Mühle, Jens, Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Nõges, Tiina, Noll, Ben, O'Keefe, John, Osborn, Tim J., Park, Taejin, Pellet, Cecile, Pelto, Maury S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Phillips, Coda, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Rains, Dominik G., Randel, William J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio J., Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, Alexei, Rutishäuser, This, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Schenzinger, Verena, Schlegel, Robert W., Schneider, Udo, Sharma, Sapna, Shi, Lei, Simmons, Adrian J., Siso, Carolina, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, Brian J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, Tim H., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K., Stewart, Kenton, Stradiotti, Pietro, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, Stephen J., Thibert, Emmanuel, Todt, Michael, Tokuda, Daisuke, Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., Van Der, A. Ronald, van der Schalie, Robin, van der Schrier, Gerard, van der Vliet, Mendy, van der Werf, Guido R., van Vliet, Arnold, Vernier, Jean Paul, Vimont, Isaac J., Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastiàn, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray H.J., Weber, Markus, Wiese, David, Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, Kate M., Williams, Earle, Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. I., Yin, Xungang, Yuan, Ye, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, Zotta, Ruxandra M., Allen, Jessicca, Camper, Amy, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, Misch, Deborah J., Ohlmann, Laura, Riddle, Deborah B., Veasey, Sara W., Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Aldred, Freya, Allan, R. P., Anderson, John, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Augustine, John A., Azorin-Molina, Cesar, Barichivich, Jonathan, Basu, Aman, Beck, Hylke E., Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Blagrave, Kevin, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bove, Gerald, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A., Carrea, Laura, Chang, Kai Lan, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, Eui Seok, Ciasto, Laura M., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Cooper, Owen R., Cornes, Richard C., Covey, Curt, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Cusicanqui, Diego, Davis, Sean M., de Jeu, Richard A.M., Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Dunn, Robert J.H., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, Gregory, Elkins, James W., Estilow, Thomas W., Fedaeff, Nava, Fereday, David, Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Füllekrug, Martin, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gentry, Matthew, Gobron, Nadine, Goodman, Steven, Gou, Qiqi, Granin, Nikolay, Guglielmin, Mauro, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Hemming, Debbie L., Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu Pen, Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hubert, Daan, Hulsman, Petra, Hurst, Dale F., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, John, Viju O., Jones, Philip D., Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kaufmann, Viktor, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kent, Elizabeth C., Kidd, Richard, Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Zak, Koppa, Akash, L'Abée-Lund, Jan Henning, Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Lavers, David, Loeb, Norman G., Loyola, Diego, Madelon, Remi, Malmquist, Hilmar J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, Matthew F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J., Miller, John B., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mösinger, Leander, Mühle, Jens, Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Nõges, Tiina, Noll, Ben, O'Keefe, John, Osborn, Tim J., Park, Taejin, Pellet, Cecile, Pelto, Maury S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Phillips, Coda, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Rains, Dominik G., Randel, William J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio J., Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, Alexei, Rutishäuser, This, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Schenzinger, Verena, Schlegel, Robert W., Schneider, Udo, Sharma, Sapna, Shi, Lei, Simmons, Adrian J., Siso, Carolina, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, Brian J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, Tim H., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K., Stewart, Kenton, Stradiotti, Pietro, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, Stephen J., Thibert, Emmanuel, Todt, Michael, Tokuda, Daisuke, Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., Van Der, A. Ronald, van der Schalie, Robin, van der Schrier, Gerard, van der Vliet, Mendy, van der Werf, Guido R., van Vliet, Arnold, Vernier, Jean Paul, Vimont, Isaac J., Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastiàn, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray H.J., Weber, Markus, Wiese, David, Wild, Jeanette D., Willett, Kate M., Williams, Earle, Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. I., Yin, Xungang, Yuan, Ye, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, Zotta, Ruxandra M., Allen, Jessicca, Camper, Amy, Hammer, Gregory, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, Misch, Deborah J., Ohlmann, Laura, Riddle, Deborah B., and Veasey, Sara W.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Global Climate

Author: Dunn, Robert J. H., Aldred, Freya, Gobron, Nadine, Miller, John B., Willett, Kate M., Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Allan, R. P., Anderson, John, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Augustine, John A., Azorin-Molina, Cesar, Barichivich, Jonathan, Basu, Aman, Beck, Hylke E., Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Blagrave, Kevin, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bove, Gerald, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A., Carrea, Laura, Chang, Kai-Lan, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, Eui-Seok, Ciasto, Laura M., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Cooper, Owen R., Cornes, Richard C., Covey, Curt, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Cusicanqui, Diego, Davis, Sean M., de Jeu, Richard A. M., Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, Gregory, Elkins, James W., Estilow, Thomas W., Fedaeff, Nava, Fereday, David, Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Füllekrug, Martin, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gentry, Matthew, Goodman, Steven, Gou, Qiqi, Granin, Nikolay, Guglielmin, Mauro, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Hemming, Debbie L., Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu-pen (Ben), Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hubert, Daan, Hulsman, Petra, Hurst, Dale F., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, John, Viju O., Jones, Philip D., Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kaufmann, Viktor, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kent, Elizabeth C., Kidd, Richard, Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Zak, Koppa, Akash, L’Abée-Lund, Jan Henning, Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Lavers, David, Loeb, Norman G., Loyola, Diego, Madelon, Remi, Malmquist, Hilmar J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, Matthew F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mösinger, Leander, Mühle, Jens, Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Nõges, Tiina, Noll, Ben, O’Keefe, John, Osborn, Tim J., Park, Taejin, Pellet, Cecile, Pelto, Maury S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Phillips, Coda, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Rains, Dominik G., Randel, William J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio J., Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, Alexei, Rutishäuser, This, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Schenzinger, Verena, Schlegel, Robert W., Schneider, Udo, Sharma, Sapna, Shi, Lei, Simmons, Adrian J., Siso, Carolina, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, Brian J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, Tim H., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K., Stewart, Kenton, Stradiotti, Pietro, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, Stephen J., Thibert, Emmanuel, Todt, Michael, Tokuda, Daisuke, Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., van der A, Ronald, van der Schalie, Robin, van der Schrier, Gerard, van der Vliet, Mendy, van der Werf, Guido R., van Vliet, Arnold., Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vimont, Isaac J., Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastiàn, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray H. J., Weber, Markus, Wiese, David, Wild, Jeanette D., Williams, Earle, Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. I., Yin, Xungang, Yuan, Ye, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, Zotta, Ruxandra M., Dunn, Robert J. H., Aldred, Freya, Gobron, Nadine, Miller, John B., Willett, Kate M., Ades, Melanie, Adler, Robert, Allan, R. P., Anderson, John, Anneville, Orlane, Aono, Yasuyuki, Argüez, Anthony, Arosio, Carlo, Augustine, John A., Azorin-Molina, Cesar, Barichivich, Jonathan, Basu, Aman, Beck, Hylke E., Bellouin, Nicolas, Benedetti, Angela, Blagrave, Kevin, Blenkinsop, Stephen, Bock, Olivier, Bodin, Xavier, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boucher, Olivier, Bove, Gerald, Buechler, Dennis, Buehler, Stefan A., Carrea, Laura, Chang, Kai-Lan, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Chung, Eui-Seok, Ciasto, Laura M., Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, Cooper, Owen R., Cornes, Richard C., Covey, Curt, Cropper, Thomas, Crotwell, Molly, Cusicanqui, Diego, Davis, Sean M., de Jeu, Richard A. M., Degenstein, Doug, Delaloye, Reynald, Donat, Markus G., Dorigo, Wouter A., Durre, Imke, Dutton, Geoff S., Duveiller, Gregory, Elkins, James W., Estilow, Thomas W., Fedaeff, Nava, Fereday, David, Fioletov, Vitali E., Flemming, Johannes, Foster, Michael J., Frith, Stacey M., Froidevaux, Lucien, Füllekrug, Martin, Garforth, Judith, Garg, Jay, Gentry, Matthew, Goodman, Steven, Gou, Qiqi, Granin, Nikolay, Guglielmin, Mauro, Hahn, Sebastian, Haimberger, Leopold, Hall, Brad D., Harris, Ian, Hemming, Debbie L., Hirschi, Martin, Ho, Shu-pen (Ben), Holzworth, Robert, Hrbáček, Filip, Hubert, Daan, Hulsman, Petra, Hurst, Dale F., Inness, Antje, Isaksen, Ketil, John, Viju O., Jones, Philip D., Junod, Robert, Kääb, Andreas, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kaufmann, Viktor, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, Kent, Elizabeth C., Kidd, Richard, Kim, Hyungiun, Kipling, Zak, Koppa, Akash, L’Abée-Lund, Jan Henning, Lan, Xin, Lantz, Kathleen O., Lavers, David, Loeb, Norman G., Loyola, Diego, Madelon, Remi, Malmquist, Hilmar J., Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz, Mayer, Michael, McCabe, Matthew F., McVicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Menzel, Annette, Merchant, Christopher J., Miralles, Diego G., Montzka, Stephen A., Morice, Colin, Mösinger, Leander, Mühle, Jens, Nicolas, Julien P., Noetzli, Jeannette, Nõges, Tiina, Noll, Ben, O’Keefe, John, Osborn, Tim J., Park, Taejin, Pellet, Cecile, Pelto, Maury S., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E., Phillips, Coda, Po-Chedley, Stephen, Polvani, Lorenzo, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, Price, Colin, Pulkkanen, Merja, Rains, Dominik G., Randel, William J., Rémy, Samuel, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, Richardson, Andrew D., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio J., Rosenlof, Karen H., Roth, Chris, Rozanov, Alexei, Rutishäuser, This, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, Schenzinger, Verena, Schlegel, Robert W., Schneider, Udo, Sharma, Sapna, Shi, Lei, Simmons, Adrian J., Siso, Carolina, Smith, Sharon L., Soden, Brian J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Sparks, Tim H., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stauffer, Ryan, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Steiner, Andrea K., Stewart, Kenton, Stradiotti, Pietro, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., Telg, Hagen, Thackeray, Stephen J., Thibert, Emmanuel, Todt, Michael, Tokuda, Daisuke, Tourpali, Kleareti, Tye, Mari R., van der A, Ronald, van der Schalie, Robin, van der Schrier, Gerard, van der Vliet, Mendy, van der Werf, Guido R., van Vliet, Arnold., Vernier, Jean-Paul, Vimont, Isaac J., Virts, Katrina, Vivero, Sebastiàn, Vömel, Holger, Vose, Russell S., Wang, Ray H. J., Weber, Markus, Wiese, David, Wild, Jeanette D., Williams, Earle, Wong, Takmeng, Woolway, R. I., Yin, Xungang, Yuan, Ye, Zhao, Lin, Zhou, Xinjia, Ziemke, Jerry R., Ziese, Markus, and Zotta, Ruxandra M.
Abstract: In 2021, both social and economic activities began to return towards the levels preceding the COVID-19 pandemic for some parts of the globe, with others still experiencing restrictions. Meanwhile, the climate has continued to respond to the ongoing increase in greenhouse gases and resulting warming. La Niña, a phenomenon which tends to depress global temperatures while changing rainfall patterns in many regions, prevailed for all but two months of the year. Despite this, 2021 was one of the six-warmest years on record as measured by global mean surface temperature with an anomaly of between +0.21° and +0.28°C above the 1991–2020 climatology. Lake surface temperatures were their highest on record during 2021. The number of warm days over land also reached a new record high. Exceptional heat waves struck the Pacific Coast of North America, leading to a new Canadian maximum temperature of 49.6°C at Lytton, British Columbia, on 29 June, breaking the previous national record by over 4°C. In Death Valley, California, the peak temperature reached 54.4°C on 9 July, equaling the temperature measured in 2020, and the highest temperature recorded anywhere on the globe since at least the 1930s. Over the Mediterranean, a provisional new European record of 48.8°C was set in Sicily on 11 August. In the atmosphere, the annual mean tropospheric temperature was among the 10 highest on record, while the stratosphere continued to cool. While La Niña was present except for June and July, likely influencing Australia’s coolest year since 2012 and wettest since 2016, other modes of variability played important roles. A negative Indian Ocean dipole event became established during July, associated with a warmer east and cooler west Indian Ocean. Northern Hemisphere winters were affected by a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation at both the beginning and end of 2021. In the Southern Hemisphere, a very strong positive Southern Annular Mode (also known as the Antarctic Oscillation)
Published: 2022

8. Distribution patterns of epiphytic reed-associated macroinvertebrate communities across European shallow lakes

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Kornijów, Ryszard, Dukowska, Małgorzata, Leszczyńska, Joanna, Smith, Carl, Jeppesen, Erik, Hansson, Lars Anders, Ketola, Mirva, Irvine, Kenneth, Nõges, Tiina, Sahuquillo, Maria, Miracle, Maria Rosa, Gross, Elisabeth, Kairesalo, Timo, van Donk, Ellen, de Eyto, Elvira, García-Criado, Francisco, Grzybkowska, Maria, Moss, Brian, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Kornijów, Ryszard, Dukowska, Małgorzata, Leszczyńska, Joanna, Smith, Carl, Jeppesen, Erik, Hansson, Lars Anders, Ketola, Mirva, Irvine, Kenneth, Nõges, Tiina, Sahuquillo, Maria, Miracle, Maria Rosa, Gross, Elisabeth, Kairesalo, Timo, van Donk, Ellen, de Eyto, Elvira, García-Criado, Francisco, Grzybkowska, Maria, and Moss, Brian
Published: 2021

9. Patterns of CO2 concentration and inorganic carbon limitation of phytoplankton biomass in agriculturally eutrophic lakes

Author: Zagarese, Horacio E., de los Ángeles González Sagrario, Maria, Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Kangur, Külli, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro S., Kohzu, Ayato, Vanni, Michael J., Özkundakci, Deniz, Echaniz, Santiago A., Vignatti, Alicia, Grosman, Fabián, Sanzano, Pablo, Van Dam, Bryce, Knoll, Lesley B., Zagarese, Horacio E., de los Ángeles González Sagrario, Maria, Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Kangur, Külli, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro S., Kohzu, Ayato, Vanni, Michael J., Özkundakci, Deniz, Echaniz, Santiago A., Vignatti, Alicia, Grosman, Fabián, Sanzano, Pablo, Van Dam, Bryce, and Knoll, Lesley B.
Abstract: Lake eutrophication is a pervasive problem globally, particularly serious in agricultural and densely pop- ulated areas. Whenever nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus do not limit phytoplankton growth directly, high growth rates will rapidly lead to biomass increases causing self-shading and light-limitation, and eventually CO2 depletion. The paradigm of phytoplankton limitation by nutrients and light is so perva- sively established, that the lack of nutrient limitation is ordinarily interpreted as sufficient evidence for the condition of light limitation, without considering the possibility of limitation by inorganic carbon. Here, we firstly evaluated how frequently CO2 undersaturation occurs in a set of eutrophic lakes in the Pampa plains. Our results confirm that conditions of CO2 undersaturation develop much more frequently (yearly 34%, summer 44%) in these agriculturally impacted lakes than in deep, temperate lakes in forested watersheds. Secondly, we used Generalized Additive Models to fit trends in CO2 concentration considering three drivers: total incident irradiance, chlorophyll a concentration, and lake depth; in eight multi-year datasets from eutrophic lakes from Europe, North and South America, Asia and New Zealand. CO2 deple- tion was more often observed at high irradiance levels, and shallow water. CO2 depletion also occurred at high chlorophyll concentration. Finally, we identified occurrences of light- and carbon-limitation at the whole-lake scale. The different responses of chlorophyll a and CO2 allowed us to develop criteria for detecting conditions of CO2 limitation. For the first time, we pro- vided whole-lake evidence of carbon limitation of phytoplankton biomass. CO2 increases and eutrophi- cation represent two major and converging environmental problems that have additive and contrasting effects, promoting phytoplankton, and also leading to carbon depletion. Their interactions deserve further exploration and imaginative approaches to deal with th
Published: 2021

10. Distribution patterns of epiphytic reed-associated macroinvertebrate communities across European shallow lakes

Author: Kornijów, Ryszard, Dukowska, Małgorzata, Leszczyńska, Joanna, Smith, Carl, Jeppesen, Erik, Hansson, Lars Anders, Ketola, Mirva, Irvine, Kenneth, Nõges, Tiina, Sahuquillo, Maria, Miracle, Maria Rosa, Gross, Elisabeth, Kairesalo, Timo, van Donk, Ellen, de Eyto, Elvira, García-Criado, Francisco, Grzybkowska, Maria, Moss, Brian, Kornijów, Ryszard, Dukowska, Małgorzata, Leszczyńska, Joanna, Smith, Carl, Jeppesen, Erik, Hansson, Lars Anders, Ketola, Mirva, Irvine, Kenneth, Nõges, Tiina, Sahuquillo, Maria, Miracle, Maria Rosa, Gross, Elisabeth, Kairesalo, Timo, van Donk, Ellen, de Eyto, Elvira, García-Criado, Francisco, Grzybkowska, Maria, and Moss, Brian
Abstract: So far, research on plant-associated macroinvertebrates, even if conducted on a large number of water bodies, has mostly focused on a relatively small area, permitting limited conclusions to be drawn regarding potentially broader geographic effects, including climate. Some recent studies have shown that the composition of epiphytic communities may differ considerably among climatic zones. To assess this phenomenon, we studied macroinvertebrates associated with the common reed Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud in 46 shallow lakes using a common protocol. The lakes, located in nine countries, covered almost the entire European latitudinal range (from <48°N to 61°N) and captured much of the variability in lake size and nutrient content in the region. A Poisson Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) showed the number of macroinvertebrate epiphytic taxa to be negatively associated with water conductivity and positively associated with medium ice cover duration (approximately 1 month). A Gamma GLMM showed a positive effect of chlorophyll a on the density of macroinvertebrates, and a significantly greater density in lakes located at the lowest and highest latitudes. Individual taxa responded differently to lake environmental conditions across climate zones. Chironomidae dominated in all climate zones, but their contribution to total density decreased with increasing latitude, with progressively greater proportions of Naidinae, Asellidae, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera. Our study demonstrates that epiphytic macroinvertebrate fauna, even when analyzed at low taxonomic resolution, exhibits clear differences in diversity, relative abundance of individual taxa and total density, shaped both by geographic and anthropogenic variables. The results were discussed in the context of climate change. To our best knowledge this is the first study to examine epiphytic fauna carried out on a European scale.
Published: 2021

11. Distribution patterns of epiphytic reed-associated macroinvertebrate communities across European shallow lakes

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Kornijów, Ryszard, Dukowska, Małgorzata, Leszczyńska, Joanna, Smith, Carl, Jeppesen, Erik, Hansson, Lars Anders, Ketola, Mirva, Irvine, Kenneth, Nõges, Tiina, Sahuquillo, Maria, Miracle, Maria Rosa, Gross, Elisabeth, Kairesalo, Timo, van Donk, Ellen, de Eyto, Elvira, García-Criado, Francisco, Grzybkowska, Maria, Moss, Brian, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Kornijów, Ryszard, Dukowska, Małgorzata, Leszczyńska, Joanna, Smith, Carl, Jeppesen, Erik, Hansson, Lars Anders, Ketola, Mirva, Irvine, Kenneth, Nõges, Tiina, Sahuquillo, Maria, Miracle, Maria Rosa, Gross, Elisabeth, Kairesalo, Timo, van Donk, Ellen, de Eyto, Elvira, García-Criado, Francisco, Grzybkowska, Maria, and Moss, Brian
Published: 2021

12. Patterns of CO2 concentration and inorganic carbon limitation of phytoplankton biomass in agriculturally eutrophic lakes

Author: Zagarese, Horacio E., de los Ángeles González Sagrario, Maria, Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Kangur, Külli, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro S., Kohzu, Ayato, Vanni, Michael J., Özkundakci, Deniz, Echaniz, Santiago A., Vignatti, Alicia, Grosman, Fabián, Sanzano, Pablo, Van Dam, Bryce, Knoll, Lesley B., Zagarese, Horacio E., de los Ángeles González Sagrario, Maria, Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Kangur, Külli, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro S., Kohzu, Ayato, Vanni, Michael J., Özkundakci, Deniz, Echaniz, Santiago A., Vignatti, Alicia, Grosman, Fabián, Sanzano, Pablo, Van Dam, Bryce, and Knoll, Lesley B.
Abstract: Lake eutrophication is a pervasive problem globally, particularly serious in agricultural and densely pop- ulated areas. Whenever nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus do not limit phytoplankton growth directly, high growth rates will rapidly lead to biomass increases causing self-shading and light-limitation, and eventually CO2 depletion. The paradigm of phytoplankton limitation by nutrients and light is so perva- sively established, that the lack of nutrient limitation is ordinarily interpreted as sufficient evidence for the condition of light limitation, without considering the possibility of limitation by inorganic carbon. Here, we firstly evaluated how frequently CO2 undersaturation occurs in a set of eutrophic lakes in the Pampa plains. Our results confirm that conditions of CO2 undersaturation develop much more frequently (yearly 34%, summer 44%) in these agriculturally impacted lakes than in deep, temperate lakes in forested watersheds. Secondly, we used Generalized Additive Models to fit trends in CO2 concentration considering three drivers: total incident irradiance, chlorophyll a concentration, and lake depth; in eight multi-year datasets from eutrophic lakes from Europe, North and South America, Asia and New Zealand. CO2 deple- tion was more often observed at high irradiance levels, and shallow water. CO2 depletion also occurred at high chlorophyll concentration. Finally, we identified occurrences of light- and carbon-limitation at the whole-lake scale. The different responses of chlorophyll a and CO2 allowed us to develop criteria for detecting conditions of CO2 limitation. For the first time, we pro- vided whole-lake evidence of carbon limitation of phytoplankton biomass. CO2 increases and eutrophi- cation represent two major and converging environmental problems that have additive and contrasting effects, promoting phytoplankton, and also leading to carbon depletion. Their interactions deserve further exploration and imaginative approaches to deal with th
Published: 2021

13. Distribution patterns of epiphytic reed-associated macroinvertebrate communities across European shallow lakes

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Kornijów, Ryszard, Dukowska, Małgorzata, Leszczyńska, Joanna, Smith, Carl, Jeppesen, Erik, Hansson, Lars Anders, Ketola, Mirva, Irvine, Kenneth, Nõges, Tiina, Sahuquillo, Maria, Miracle, Maria Rosa, Gross, Elisabeth, Kairesalo, Timo, van Donk, Ellen, de Eyto, Elvira, García-Criado, Francisco, Grzybkowska, Maria, Moss, Brian, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Kornijów, Ryszard, Dukowska, Małgorzata, Leszczyńska, Joanna, Smith, Carl, Jeppesen, Erik, Hansson, Lars Anders, Ketola, Mirva, Irvine, Kenneth, Nõges, Tiina, Sahuquillo, Maria, Miracle, Maria Rosa, Gross, Elisabeth, Kairesalo, Timo, van Donk, Ellen, de Eyto, Elvira, García-Criado, Francisco, Grzybkowska, Maria, and Moss, Brian
Published: 2021

14. Scientists’ Warning to Humanity : Rapid degradation of the world’s large lakes

Author: Jenny, Jean Philippe, Anneville, Orlane, Arnaud, Fabien, Baulaz, Yoann, Bouffard, Damien, Domaizon, Isabelle, Bocaniov, Serghei A., Chèvre, Nathalie, Dittrich, Maria, Dorioz, Jean Marcel, Dunlop, Erin S., Dur, Gaël, Guillard, Jean, Guinaldo, Thibault, Jacquet, Stéphan, Jamoneau, Aurélien, Jawed, Zobia, Jeppesen, Erik, Krantzberg, Gail, Lenters, John, Leoni, Barbara, Meybeck, Michel, Nava, Veronica, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Patelli, Martina, Pebbles, Victoria, Perga, Marie Elodie, Rasconi, Serena, Ruetz, Carl R., Rudstam, Lars, Salmaso, Nico, Sapna, Sharma, Straile, Dietmar, Tammeorg, Olga, Twiss, Michael R., Uzarski, Donald G., Ventelä, Anne Mari, Vincent, Warwick F., Wilhelm, Steven W., Wängberg, Sten Åke, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Jenny, Jean Philippe, Anneville, Orlane, Arnaud, Fabien, Baulaz, Yoann, Bouffard, Damien, Domaizon, Isabelle, Bocaniov, Serghei A., Chèvre, Nathalie, Dittrich, Maria, Dorioz, Jean Marcel, Dunlop, Erin S., Dur, Gaël, Guillard, Jean, Guinaldo, Thibault, Jacquet, Stéphan, Jamoneau, Aurélien, Jawed, Zobia, Jeppesen, Erik, Krantzberg, Gail, Lenters, John, Leoni, Barbara, Meybeck, Michel, Nava, Veronica, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Patelli, Martina, Pebbles, Victoria, Perga, Marie Elodie, Rasconi, Serena, Ruetz, Carl R., Rudstam, Lars, Salmaso, Nico, Sapna, Sharma, Straile, Dietmar, Tammeorg, Olga, Twiss, Michael R., Uzarski, Donald G., Ventelä, Anne Mari, Vincent, Warwick F., Wilhelm, Steven W., Wängberg, Sten Åke, and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
Abstract: Large lakes of the world are habitats for diverse species, including endemic taxa, and are valuable resources that provide humanity with many ecosystem services. They are also sentinels of global and local change, and recent studies in limnology and paleolimnology have demonstrated disturbing evidence of their collective degradation in terms of depletion of resources (water and food), rapid warming and loss of ice, destruction of habitats and ecosystems, loss of species, and accelerating pollution. Large lakes are particularly exposed to anthropogenic and climatic stressors. The Second Warning to Humanity provides a framework to assess the dangers now threatening the world’s large lake ecosystems and to evaluate pathways of sustainable development that are more respectful of their ongoing provision of services. Here we review current and emerging threats to the large lakes of the world, including iconic examples of lake management failures and successes, from which we identify priorities and approaches for future conservation efforts. The review underscores the extent of lake resource degradation, which is a result of cumulative perturbation through time by long-term human impacts combined with other emerging stressors. Decades of degradation of large lakes have resulted in major challenges for restoration and management and a legacy of ecological and economic costs for future generations. Large lakes will require more intense conservation efforts in a warmer, increasingly populated world to achieve sustainable, high-quality waters. This Warning to Humanity is also an opportunity to highlight the value of a long-term lake observatory network to monitor and report on environmental changes in large lake ecosystems.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Scientists’ Warning to Humanity : Rapid degradation of the world’s large lakes

Author: Jenny, Jean Philippe, Anneville, Orlane, Arnaud, Fabien, Baulaz, Yoann, Bouffard, Damien, Domaizon, Isabelle, Bocaniov, Serghei A., Chèvre, Nathalie, Dittrich, Maria, Dorioz, Jean Marcel, Dunlop, Erin S., Dur, Gaël, Guillard, Jean, Guinaldo, Thibault, Jacquet, Stéphan, Jamoneau, Aurélien, Jawed, Zobia, Jeppesen, Erik, Krantzberg, Gail, Lenters, John, Leoni, Barbara, Meybeck, Michel, Nava, Veronica, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Patelli, Martina, Pebbles, Victoria, Perga, Marie Elodie, Rasconi, Serena, Ruetz, Carl R., Rudstam, Lars, Salmaso, Nico, Sapna, Sharma, Straile, Dietmar, Tammeorg, Olga, Twiss, Michael R., Uzarski, Donald G., Ventelä, Anne Mari, Vincent, Warwick F., Wilhelm, Steven W., Wängberg, Sten Åke, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Jenny, Jean Philippe, Anneville, Orlane, Arnaud, Fabien, Baulaz, Yoann, Bouffard, Damien, Domaizon, Isabelle, Bocaniov, Serghei A., Chèvre, Nathalie, Dittrich, Maria, Dorioz, Jean Marcel, Dunlop, Erin S., Dur, Gaël, Guillard, Jean, Guinaldo, Thibault, Jacquet, Stéphan, Jamoneau, Aurélien, Jawed, Zobia, Jeppesen, Erik, Krantzberg, Gail, Lenters, John, Leoni, Barbara, Meybeck, Michel, Nava, Veronica, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Patelli, Martina, Pebbles, Victoria, Perga, Marie Elodie, Rasconi, Serena, Ruetz, Carl R., Rudstam, Lars, Salmaso, Nico, Sapna, Sharma, Straile, Dietmar, Tammeorg, Olga, Twiss, Michael R., Uzarski, Donald G., Ventelä, Anne Mari, Vincent, Warwick F., Wilhelm, Steven W., Wängberg, Sten Åke, and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
Abstract: Large lakes of the world are habitats for diverse species, including endemic taxa, and are valuable resources that provide humanity with many ecosystem services. They are also sentinels of global and local change, and recent studies in limnology and paleolimnology have demonstrated disturbing evidence of their collective degradation in terms of depletion of resources (water and food), rapid warming and loss of ice, destruction of habitats and ecosystems, loss of species, and accelerating pollution. Large lakes are particularly exposed to anthropogenic and climatic stressors. The Second Warning to Humanity provides a framework to assess the dangers now threatening the world’s large lake ecosystems and to evaluate pathways of sustainable development that are more respectful of their ongoing provision of services. Here we review current and emerging threats to the large lakes of the world, including iconic examples of lake management failures and successes, from which we identify priorities and approaches for future conservation efforts. The review underscores the extent of lake resource degradation, which is a result of cumulative perturbation through time by long-term human impacts combined with other emerging stressors. Decades of degradation of large lakes have resulted in major challenges for restoration and management and a legacy of ecological and economic costs for future generations. Large lakes will require more intense conservation efforts in a warmer, increasingly populated world to achieve sustainable, high-quality waters. This Warning to Humanity is also an opportunity to highlight the value of a long-term lake observatory network to monitor and report on environmental changes in large lake ecosystems.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Scientists’ Warning to Humanity : Rapid degradation of the world’s large lakes

Author: Jenny, Jean Philippe, Anneville, Orlane, Arnaud, Fabien, Baulaz, Yoann, Bouffard, Damien, Domaizon, Isabelle, Bocaniov, Serghei A., Chèvre, Nathalie, Dittrich, Maria, Dorioz, Jean Marcel, Dunlop, Erin S., Dur, Gaël, Guillard, Jean, Guinaldo, Thibault, Jacquet, Stéphan, Jamoneau, Aurélien, Jawed, Zobia, Jeppesen, Erik, Krantzberg, Gail, Lenters, John, Leoni, Barbara, Meybeck, Michel, Nava, Veronica, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Patelli, Martina, Pebbles, Victoria, Perga, Marie Elodie, Rasconi, Serena, Ruetz, Carl R., Rudstam, Lars, Salmaso, Nico, Sapna, Sharma, Straile, Dietmar, Tammeorg, Olga, Twiss, Michael R., Uzarski, Donald G., Ventelä, Anne Mari, Vincent, Warwick F., Wilhelm, Steven W., Wängberg, Sten Åke, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Jenny, Jean Philippe, Anneville, Orlane, Arnaud, Fabien, Baulaz, Yoann, Bouffard, Damien, Domaizon, Isabelle, Bocaniov, Serghei A., Chèvre, Nathalie, Dittrich, Maria, Dorioz, Jean Marcel, Dunlop, Erin S., Dur, Gaël, Guillard, Jean, Guinaldo, Thibault, Jacquet, Stéphan, Jamoneau, Aurélien, Jawed, Zobia, Jeppesen, Erik, Krantzberg, Gail, Lenters, John, Leoni, Barbara, Meybeck, Michel, Nava, Veronica, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Patelli, Martina, Pebbles, Victoria, Perga, Marie Elodie, Rasconi, Serena, Ruetz, Carl R., Rudstam, Lars, Salmaso, Nico, Sapna, Sharma, Straile, Dietmar, Tammeorg, Olga, Twiss, Michael R., Uzarski, Donald G., Ventelä, Anne Mari, Vincent, Warwick F., Wilhelm, Steven W., Wängberg, Sten Åke, and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
Abstract: Large lakes of the world are habitats for diverse species, including endemic taxa, and are valuable resources that provide humanity with many ecosystem services. They are also sentinels of global and local change, and recent studies in limnology and paleolimnology have demonstrated disturbing evidence of their collective degradation in terms of depletion of resources (water and food), rapid warming and loss of ice, destruction of habitats and ecosystems, loss of species, and accelerating pollution. Large lakes are particularly exposed to anthropogenic and climatic stressors. The Second Warning to Humanity provides a framework to assess the dangers now threatening the world’s large lake ecosystems and to evaluate pathways of sustainable development that are more respectful of their ongoing provision of services. Here we review current and emerging threats to the large lakes of the world, including iconic examples of lake management failures and successes, from which we identify priorities and approaches for future conservation efforts. The review underscores the extent of lake resource degradation, which is a result of cumulative perturbation through time by long-term human impacts combined with other emerging stressors. Decades of degradation of large lakes have resulted in major challenges for restoration and management and a legacy of ecological and economic costs for future generations. Large lakes will require more intense conservation efforts in a warmer, increasingly populated world to achieve sustainable, high-quality waters. This Warning to Humanity is also an opportunity to highlight the value of a long-term lake observatory network to monitor and report on environmental changes in large lake ecosystems.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Impacts of multiple stressors on freshwater biota across spatial scales and ecosystems

Author: Birk, Sebastian, Chapman, Daniel, Carvalho, Laurence, Spears, Bryan, Andersen, Hans Estrup, Argillier, Christine, Auer, Stefan, Baattrup-Pedersen, Annette, Banin, Lindsay, Beklioğlu, Meryem, Bondar-Kunze, Elisabeth, Borja, Angel, Branco, Paulo, Bucak, Tuba, Buijse, Anthonie D., Cardoso, Ana Cristina, Couture, Raoul-Marie, Cremona, Fabien, de Zwart, Dick, Feld, Christian K., Ferreira, M. Teresa, Feuchtmayr, Heidrun, Gessner, Mark O., Gieswein, Alexander, Globevnik, Lidija, Graeber, Daniel, Graf, Wolfram, Gutiérrez-Cánovas, Cayetano, Hanganu, Jenica, Işkın, Uğur, Järvinen, Marko, Jeppesen, Erik, Kotamäki, Niina, Kuijper, Marijn, Lemm, Jan U., Lu, Shenglan, Solheim, Anne Lyche, Mischke, Ute, Moe, S. Jannicke, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Ormerod, Steve J., Panagopoulos, Yiannis, Phillips, Geoff, Posthuma, Leo, Pouso, Sarai, Prudhomme, Christel, Rankinen, Katri, Rasmussen, Jes J., Richardson, Jessica, Sagouis, Alban, Santos, José Maria, Schäfer, Ralf B., Schinegger, Rafaela, Schmutz, Stefan, Schneider, Susanne C., Schülting, Lisa, Segurado, Pedro, Stefanidis, Kostas, Sures, Bernd, Thackeray, Stephen J., Turunen, Jarno, Uyarra, María C., Venohr, Markus, von der Ohe, Peter Carsten, Willby, Nigel, Hering, Daniel, Birk, Sebastian, Chapman, Daniel, Carvalho, Laurence, Spears, Bryan, Andersen, Hans Estrup, Argillier, Christine, Auer, Stefan, Baattrup-Pedersen, Annette, Banin, Lindsay, Beklioğlu, Meryem, Bondar-Kunze, Elisabeth, Borja, Angel, Branco, Paulo, Bucak, Tuba, Buijse, Anthonie D., Cardoso, Ana Cristina, Couture, Raoul-Marie, Cremona, Fabien, de Zwart, Dick, Feld, Christian K., Ferreira, M. Teresa, Feuchtmayr, Heidrun, Gessner, Mark O., Gieswein, Alexander, Globevnik, Lidija, Graeber, Daniel, Graf, Wolfram, Gutiérrez-Cánovas, Cayetano, Hanganu, Jenica, Işkın, Uğur, Järvinen, Marko, Jeppesen, Erik, Kotamäki, Niina, Kuijper, Marijn, Lemm, Jan U., Lu, Shenglan, Solheim, Anne Lyche, Mischke, Ute, Moe, S. Jannicke, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Ormerod, Steve J., Panagopoulos, Yiannis, Phillips, Geoff, Posthuma, Leo, Pouso, Sarai, Prudhomme, Christel, Rankinen, Katri, Rasmussen, Jes J., Richardson, Jessica, Sagouis, Alban, Santos, José Maria, Schäfer, Ralf B., Schinegger, Rafaela, Schmutz, Stefan, Schneider, Susanne C., Schülting, Lisa, Segurado, Pedro, Stefanidis, Kostas, Sures, Bernd, Thackeray, Stephen J., Turunen, Jarno, Uyarra, María C., Venohr, Markus, von der Ohe, Peter Carsten, Willby, Nigel, and Hering, Daniel
Abstract: Climate and land-use change drive a suite of stressors that shape ecosystems and interact to yield complex ecological responses (that is, additive, antagonistic and synergistic effects). We know little about the spatial scales relevant for the outcomes of such interactions and little about effect sizes. These knowledge gaps need to be filled to underpin future land management decisions or climate mitigation interventions for protecting and restoring freshwater ecosystems. This study combines data across scales from 33 mesocosm experiments with those from 14 river basins and 22 cross-basin studies in Europe, producing 174 combinations of paired-stressor effects on a biological response variable. Generalized linear models showed that only one of the two stressors had a significant effect in 39% of the analysed cases, 28% of the paired-stressor combinations resulted in additive effects and 33% resulted in interactive (antagonistic, synergistic, opposing or reversal) effects. For lakes, the frequencies of additive and interactive effects were similar for all spatial scales addressed, while for rivers these frequencies increased with scale. Nutrient enrichment was the overriding stressor for lakes, with effects generally exceeding those of secondary stressors. For rivers, the effects of nutrient enrichment were dependent on the specific stressor combination and biological response variable. These results vindicate the traditional focus of lake restoration and management on nutrient stress, while highlighting that river management requires more bespoke management solutions.
Published: 2020

18. Scientists’ Warning to Humanity : Rapid degradation of the world’s large lakes

Author: Jenny, Jean Philippe, Anneville, Orlane, Arnaud, Fabien, Baulaz, Yoann, Bouffard, Damien, Domaizon, Isabelle, Bocaniov, Serghei A., Chèvre, Nathalie, Dittrich, Maria, Dorioz, Jean Marcel, Dunlop, Erin S., Dur, Gaël, Guillard, Jean, Guinaldo, Thibault, Jacquet, Stéphan, Jamoneau, Aurélien, Jawed, Zobia, Jeppesen, Erik, Krantzberg, Gail, Lenters, John, Leoni, Barbara, Meybeck, Michel, Nava, Veronica, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Patelli, Martina, Pebbles, Victoria, Perga, Marie Elodie, Rasconi, Serena, Ruetz, Carl R., Rudstam, Lars, Salmaso, Nico, Sapna, Sharma, Straile, Dietmar, Tammeorg, Olga, Twiss, Michael R., Uzarski, Donald G., Ventelä, Anne Mari, Vincent, Warwick F., Wilhelm, Steven W., Wängberg, Sten Åke, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Jenny, Jean Philippe, Anneville, Orlane, Arnaud, Fabien, Baulaz, Yoann, Bouffard, Damien, Domaizon, Isabelle, Bocaniov, Serghei A., Chèvre, Nathalie, Dittrich, Maria, Dorioz, Jean Marcel, Dunlop, Erin S., Dur, Gaël, Guillard, Jean, Guinaldo, Thibault, Jacquet, Stéphan, Jamoneau, Aurélien, Jawed, Zobia, Jeppesen, Erik, Krantzberg, Gail, Lenters, John, Leoni, Barbara, Meybeck, Michel, Nava, Veronica, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Patelli, Martina, Pebbles, Victoria, Perga, Marie Elodie, Rasconi, Serena, Ruetz, Carl R., Rudstam, Lars, Salmaso, Nico, Sapna, Sharma, Straile, Dietmar, Tammeorg, Olga, Twiss, Michael R., Uzarski, Donald G., Ventelä, Anne Mari, Vincent, Warwick F., Wilhelm, Steven W., Wängberg, Sten Åke, and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
Abstract: Large lakes of the world are habitats for diverse species, including endemic taxa, and are valuable resources that provide humanity with many ecosystem services. They are also sentinels of global and local change, and recent studies in limnology and paleolimnology have demonstrated disturbing evidence of their collective degradation in terms of depletion of resources (water and food), rapid warming and loss of ice, destruction of habitats and ecosystems, loss of species, and accelerating pollution. Large lakes are particularly exposed to anthropogenic and climatic stressors. The Second Warning to Humanity provides a framework to assess the dangers now threatening the world’s large lake ecosystems and to evaluate pathways of sustainable development that are more respectful of their ongoing provision of services. Here we review current and emerging threats to the large lakes of the world, including iconic examples of lake management failures and successes, from which we identify priorities and approaches for future conservation efforts. The review underscores the extent of lake resource degradation, which is a result of cumulative perturbation through time by long-term human impacts combined with other emerging stressors. Decades of degradation of large lakes have resulted in major challenges for restoration and management and a legacy of ecological and economic costs for future generations. Large lakes will require more intense conservation efforts in a warmer, increasingly populated world to achieve sustainable, high-quality waters. This Warning to Humanity is also an opportunity to highlight the value of a long-term lake observatory network to monitor and report on environmental changes in large lake ecosystems.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Scientists’ Warning to Humanity : Rapid degradation of the world’s large lakes

Author: Jenny, Jean Philippe, Anneville, Orlane, Arnaud, Fabien, Baulaz, Yoann, Bouffard, Damien, Domaizon, Isabelle, Bocaniov, Serghei A., Chèvre, Nathalie, Dittrich, Maria, Dorioz, Jean Marcel, Dunlop, Erin S., Dur, Gaël, Guillard, Jean, Guinaldo, Thibault, Jacquet, Stéphan, Jamoneau, Aurélien, Jawed, Zobia, Jeppesen, Erik, Krantzberg, Gail, Lenters, John, Leoni, Barbara, Meybeck, Michel, Nava, Veronica, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Patelli, Martina, Pebbles, Victoria, Perga, Marie Elodie, Rasconi, Serena, Ruetz, Carl R., Rudstam, Lars, Salmaso, Nico, Sapna, Sharma, Straile, Dietmar, Tammeorg, Olga, Twiss, Michael R., Uzarski, Donald G., Ventelä, Anne Mari, Vincent, Warwick F., Wilhelm, Steven W., Wängberg, Sten Åke, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Jenny, Jean Philippe, Anneville, Orlane, Arnaud, Fabien, Baulaz, Yoann, Bouffard, Damien, Domaizon, Isabelle, Bocaniov, Serghei A., Chèvre, Nathalie, Dittrich, Maria, Dorioz, Jean Marcel, Dunlop, Erin S., Dur, Gaël, Guillard, Jean, Guinaldo, Thibault, Jacquet, Stéphan, Jamoneau, Aurélien, Jawed, Zobia, Jeppesen, Erik, Krantzberg, Gail, Lenters, John, Leoni, Barbara, Meybeck, Michel, Nava, Veronica, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Patelli, Martina, Pebbles, Victoria, Perga, Marie Elodie, Rasconi, Serena, Ruetz, Carl R., Rudstam, Lars, Salmaso, Nico, Sapna, Sharma, Straile, Dietmar, Tammeorg, Olga, Twiss, Michael R., Uzarski, Donald G., Ventelä, Anne Mari, Vincent, Warwick F., Wilhelm, Steven W., Wängberg, Sten Åke, and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
Abstract: Large lakes of the world are habitats for diverse species, including endemic taxa, and are valuable resources that provide humanity with many ecosystem services. They are also sentinels of global and local change, and recent studies in limnology and paleolimnology have demonstrated disturbing evidence of their collective degradation in terms of depletion of resources (water and food), rapid warming and loss of ice, destruction of habitats and ecosystems, loss of species, and accelerating pollution. Large lakes are particularly exposed to anthropogenic and climatic stressors. The Second Warning to Humanity provides a framework to assess the dangers now threatening the world’s large lake ecosystems and to evaluate pathways of sustainable development that are more respectful of their ongoing provision of services. Here we review current and emerging threats to the large lakes of the world, including iconic examples of lake management failures and successes, from which we identify priorities and approaches for future conservation efforts. The review underscores the extent of lake resource degradation, which is a result of cumulative perturbation through time by long-term human impacts combined with other emerging stressors. Decades of degradation of large lakes have resulted in major challenges for restoration and management and a legacy of ecological and economic costs for future generations. Large lakes will require more intense conservation efforts in a warmer, increasingly populated world to achieve sustainable, high-quality waters. This Warning to Humanity is also an opportunity to highlight the value of a long-term lake observatory network to monitor and report on environmental changes in large lake ecosystems.
Published: 2020
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20. Impacts of multiple stressors on freshwater biota across spatial scales and ecosystems

Author: Birk, Sebastian, Chapman, Daniel, Carvalho, Laurence, Spears, Bryan, Andersen, Hans Estrup, Argillier, Christine, Auer, Stefan, Baattrup-Pedersen, Annette, Banin, Lindsay, Beklioğlu, Meryem, Bondar-Kunze, Elisabeth, Borja, Angel, Branco, Paulo, Bucak, Tuba, Buijse, Anthonie D., Cardoso, Ana Cristina, Couture, Raoul-Marie, Cremona, Fabien, de Zwart, Dick, Feld, Christian K., Ferreira, M. Teresa, Feuchtmayr, Heidrun, Gessner, Mark O., Gieswein, Alexander, Globevnik, Lidija, Graeber, Daniel, Graf, Wolfram, Gutiérrez-Cánovas, Cayetano, Hanganu, Jenica, Işkın, Uğur, Järvinen, Marko, Jeppesen, Erik, Kotamäki, Niina, Kuijper, Marijn, Lemm, Jan U., Lu, Shenglan, Solheim, Anne Lyche, Mischke, Ute, Moe, S. Jannicke, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Ormerod, Steve J., Panagopoulos, Yiannis, Phillips, Geoff, Posthuma, Leo, Pouso, Sarai, Prudhomme, Christel, Rankinen, Katri, Rasmussen, Jes J., Richardson, Jessica, Sagouis, Alban, Santos, José Maria, Schäfer, Ralf B., Schinegger, Rafaela, Schmutz, Stefan, Schneider, Susanne C., Schülting, Lisa, Segurado, Pedro, Stefanidis, Kostas, Sures, Bernd, Thackeray, Stephen J., Turunen, Jarno, Uyarra, María C., Venohr, Markus, von der Ohe, Peter Carsten, Willby, Nigel, Hering, Daniel, Birk, Sebastian, Chapman, Daniel, Carvalho, Laurence, Spears, Bryan, Andersen, Hans Estrup, Argillier, Christine, Auer, Stefan, Baattrup-Pedersen, Annette, Banin, Lindsay, Beklioğlu, Meryem, Bondar-Kunze, Elisabeth, Borja, Angel, Branco, Paulo, Bucak, Tuba, Buijse, Anthonie D., Cardoso, Ana Cristina, Couture, Raoul-Marie, Cremona, Fabien, de Zwart, Dick, Feld, Christian K., Ferreira, M. Teresa, Feuchtmayr, Heidrun, Gessner, Mark O., Gieswein, Alexander, Globevnik, Lidija, Graeber, Daniel, Graf, Wolfram, Gutiérrez-Cánovas, Cayetano, Hanganu, Jenica, Işkın, Uğur, Järvinen, Marko, Jeppesen, Erik, Kotamäki, Niina, Kuijper, Marijn, Lemm, Jan U., Lu, Shenglan, Solheim, Anne Lyche, Mischke, Ute, Moe, S. Jannicke, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Ormerod, Steve J., Panagopoulos, Yiannis, Phillips, Geoff, Posthuma, Leo, Pouso, Sarai, Prudhomme, Christel, Rankinen, Katri, Rasmussen, Jes J., Richardson, Jessica, Sagouis, Alban, Santos, José Maria, Schäfer, Ralf B., Schinegger, Rafaela, Schmutz, Stefan, Schneider, Susanne C., Schülting, Lisa, Segurado, Pedro, Stefanidis, Kostas, Sures, Bernd, Thackeray, Stephen J., Turunen, Jarno, Uyarra, María C., Venohr, Markus, von der Ohe, Peter Carsten, Willby, Nigel, and Hering, Daniel
Abstract: Climate and land-use change drive a suite of stressors that shape ecosystems and interact to yield complex ecological responses (that is, additive, antagonistic and synergistic effects). We know little about the spatial scales relevant for the outcomes of such interactions and little about effect sizes. These knowledge gaps need to be filled to underpin future land management decisions or climate mitigation interventions for protecting and restoring freshwater ecosystems. This study combines data across scales from 33 mesocosm experiments with those from 14 river basins and 22 cross-basin studies in Europe, producing 174 combinations of paired-stressor effects on a biological response variable. Generalized linear models showed that only one of the two stressors had a significant effect in 39% of the analysed cases, 28% of the paired-stressor combinations resulted in additive effects and 33% resulted in interactive (antagonistic, synergistic, opposing or reversal) effects. For lakes, the frequencies of additive and interactive effects were similar for all spatial scales addressed, while for rivers these frequencies increased with scale. Nutrient enrichment was the overriding stressor for lakes, with effects generally exceeding those of secondary stressors. For rivers, the effects of nutrient enrichment were dependent on the specific stressor combination and biological response variable. These results vindicate the traditional focus of lake restoration and management on nutrient stress, while highlighting that river management requires more bespoke management solutions.
Published: 2020

21. Scientists’ Warning to Humanity : Rapid degradation of the world’s large lakes

Author: Jenny, Jean Philippe, Anneville, Orlane, Arnaud, Fabien, Baulaz, Yoann, Bouffard, Damien, Domaizon, Isabelle, Bocaniov, Serghei A., Chèvre, Nathalie, Dittrich, Maria, Dorioz, Jean Marcel, Dunlop, Erin S., Dur, Gaël, Guillard, Jean, Guinaldo, Thibault, Jacquet, Stéphan, Jamoneau, Aurélien, Jawed, Zobia, Jeppesen, Erik, Krantzberg, Gail, Lenters, John, Leoni, Barbara, Meybeck, Michel, Nava, Veronica, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Patelli, Martina, Pebbles, Victoria, Perga, Marie Elodie, Rasconi, Serena, Ruetz, Carl R., Rudstam, Lars, Salmaso, Nico, Sapna, Sharma, Straile, Dietmar, Tammeorg, Olga, Twiss, Michael R., Uzarski, Donald G., Ventelä, Anne Mari, Vincent, Warwick F., Wilhelm, Steven W., Wängberg, Sten Åke, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Jenny, Jean Philippe, Anneville, Orlane, Arnaud, Fabien, Baulaz, Yoann, Bouffard, Damien, Domaizon, Isabelle, Bocaniov, Serghei A., Chèvre, Nathalie, Dittrich, Maria, Dorioz, Jean Marcel, Dunlop, Erin S., Dur, Gaël, Guillard, Jean, Guinaldo, Thibault, Jacquet, Stéphan, Jamoneau, Aurélien, Jawed, Zobia, Jeppesen, Erik, Krantzberg, Gail, Lenters, John, Leoni, Barbara, Meybeck, Michel, Nava, Veronica, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Patelli, Martina, Pebbles, Victoria, Perga, Marie Elodie, Rasconi, Serena, Ruetz, Carl R., Rudstam, Lars, Salmaso, Nico, Sapna, Sharma, Straile, Dietmar, Tammeorg, Olga, Twiss, Michael R., Uzarski, Donald G., Ventelä, Anne Mari, Vincent, Warwick F., Wilhelm, Steven W., Wängberg, Sten Åke, and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
Abstract: Large lakes of the world are habitats for diverse species, including endemic taxa, and are valuable resources that provide humanity with many ecosystem services. They are also sentinels of global and local change, and recent studies in limnology and paleolimnology have demonstrated disturbing evidence of their collective degradation in terms of depletion of resources (water and food), rapid warming and loss of ice, destruction of habitats and ecosystems, loss of species, and accelerating pollution. Large lakes are particularly exposed to anthropogenic and climatic stressors. The Second Warning to Humanity provides a framework to assess the dangers now threatening the world’s large lake ecosystems and to evaluate pathways of sustainable development that are more respectful of their ongoing provision of services. Here we review current and emerging threats to the large lakes of the world, including iconic examples of lake management failures and successes, from which we identify priorities and approaches for future conservation efforts. The review underscores the extent of lake resource degradation, which is a result of cumulative perturbation through time by long-term human impacts combined with other emerging stressors. Decades of degradation of large lakes have resulted in major challenges for restoration and management and a legacy of ecological and economic costs for future generations. Large lakes will require more intense conservation efforts in a warmer, increasingly populated world to achieve sustainable, high-quality waters. This Warning to Humanity is also an opportunity to highlight the value of a long-term lake observatory network to monitor and report on environmental changes in large lake ecosystems.
Published: 2020
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22. A lake classification concept for a more accurate global estimate of the dissolved inorganic carbon export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters

Author: Engel, Fabian, Farrell, Kaitlin J., McCullough, Ian M., Scordo, Facundo, Denfeld, Blaize A., Dugan, Hilary A., de Eyto, Elvira, Hanson, Paul C., McClure, Ryan P., Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Ryder, Elizabeth, Weathers, Kathleen C., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Engel, Fabian, Farrell, Kaitlin J., McCullough, Ian M., Scordo, Facundo, Denfeld, Blaize A., Dugan, Hilary A., de Eyto, Elvira, Hanson, Paul C., McClure, Ryan P., Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Ryder, Elizabeth, Weathers, Kathleen C., and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
Abstract: The magnitude of lateral dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters strongly influences the estimate of the global terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO2) sink. At present, no reliable number of this export is available, and the few studies estimating the lateral DIC export assume that all lakes on Earth function similarly. However, lakes can function along a continuum from passive carbon transporters (passive open channels) to highly active carbon transformers with efficient in-lake CO2 production and loss. We developed and applied a conceptual model to demonstrate how the assumed function of lakes in carbon cycling can affect calculations of the global lateral DIC export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters. Using global data on in-lake CO2 production by mineralization as well as CO2 loss by emission, primary production, and carbonate precipitation in lakes, we estimated that the global lateral DIC export can lie within the range of 0.70(-0.31)(+0.27) 1.52(-0.90)(+1.09) Pg C yr(-1) depending on the assumed function of lakes. Thus, the considered lake function has a large effect on the calculated lateral DIC export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters. We conclude that more robust estimates of CO2 sinks and sources will require the classification of lakes into their predominant function. This functional lake classification concept becomes particularly important for the estimation of future CO2 sinks and sources, since in-lake carbon transformation is predicted to be altered with climate change.
Published: 2018
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23. A lake classification concept for a more accurate global estimate of the dissolved inorganic carbon export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters

Author: Engel, Fabian, Farrell, Kaitlin J., McCullough, Ian M., Scordo, Facundo, Denfeld, Blaize A., Dugan, Hilary A., de Eyto, Elvira, Hanson, Paul C., McClure, Ryan P., Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Ryder, Elizabeth, Weathers, Kathleen C., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Engel, Fabian, Farrell, Kaitlin J., McCullough, Ian M., Scordo, Facundo, Denfeld, Blaize A., Dugan, Hilary A., de Eyto, Elvira, Hanson, Paul C., McClure, Ryan P., Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Ryder, Elizabeth, Weathers, Kathleen C., and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
Abstract: The magnitude of lateral dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters strongly influences the estimate of the global terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO2) sink. At present, no reliable number of this export is available, and the few studies estimating the lateral DIC export assume that all lakes on Earth function similarly. However, lakes can function along a continuum from passive carbon transporters (passive open channels) to highly active carbon transformers with efficient in-lake CO2 production and loss. We developed and applied a conceptual model to demonstrate how the assumed function of lakes in carbon cycling can affect calculations of the global lateral DIC export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters. Using global data on in-lake CO2 production by mineralization as well as CO2 loss by emission, primary production, and carbonate precipitation in lakes, we estimated that the global lateral DIC export can lie within the range of 0.70(-0.31)(+0.27) 1.52(-0.90)(+1.09) Pg C yr(-1) depending on the assumed function of lakes. Thus, the considered lake function has a large effect on the calculated lateral DIC export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters. We conclude that more robust estimates of CO2 sinks and sources will require the classification of lakes into their predominant function. This functional lake classification concept becomes particularly important for the estimation of future CO2 sinks and sources, since in-lake carbon transformation is predicted to be altered with climate change.
Published: 2018
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24. A lake classification concept for a more accurate global estimate of the dissolved inorganic carbon export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters

Author: Engel, Fabian, Farrell, Kaitlin J., McCullough, Ian M., Scordo, Facundo, Denfeld, Blaize A., Dugan, Hilary A., de Eyto, Elvira, Hanson, Paul C., McClure, Ryan P., Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Ryder, Elizabeth, Weathers, Kathleen C., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Engel, Fabian, Farrell, Kaitlin J., McCullough, Ian M., Scordo, Facundo, Denfeld, Blaize A., Dugan, Hilary A., de Eyto, Elvira, Hanson, Paul C., McClure, Ryan P., Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Ryder, Elizabeth, Weathers, Kathleen C., and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
Abstract: The magnitude of lateral dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters strongly influences the estimate of the global terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO2) sink. At present, no reliable number of this export is available, and the few studies estimating the lateral DIC export assume that all lakes on Earth function similarly. However, lakes can function along a continuum from passive carbon transporters (passive open channels) to highly active carbon transformers with efficient in-lake CO2 production and loss. We developed and applied a conceptual model to demonstrate how the assumed function of lakes in carbon cycling can affect calculations of the global lateral DIC export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters. Using global data on in-lake CO2 production by mineralization as well as CO2 loss by emission, primary production, and carbonate precipitation in lakes, we estimated that the global lateral DIC export can lie within the range of 0.70(-0.31)(+0.27) 1.52(-0.90)(+1.09) Pg C yr(-1) depending on the assumed function of lakes. Thus, the considered lake function has a large effect on the calculated lateral DIC export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters. We conclude that more robust estimates of CO2 sinks and sources will require the classification of lakes into their predominant function. This functional lake classification concept becomes particularly important for the estimation of future CO2 sinks and sources, since in-lake carbon transformation is predicted to be altered with climate change.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. A lake classification concept for a more accurate global estimate of the dissolved inorganic carbon export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters

Author: Engel, Fabian, Farrell, Kaitlin J., McCullough, Ian M., Scordo, Facundo, Denfeld, Blaize A., Dugan, Hilary A., de Eyto, Elvira, Hanson, Paul C., McClure, Ryan P., Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Ryder, Elizabeth, Weathers, Kathleen C., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Engel, Fabian, Farrell, Kaitlin J., McCullough, Ian M., Scordo, Facundo, Denfeld, Blaize A., Dugan, Hilary A., de Eyto, Elvira, Hanson, Paul C., McClure, Ryan P., Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Ryder, Elizabeth, Weathers, Kathleen C., and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
Abstract: The magnitude of lateral dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters strongly influences the estimate of the global terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO2) sink. At present, no reliable number of this export is available, and the few studies estimating the lateral DIC export assume that all lakes on Earth function similarly. However, lakes can function along a continuum from passive carbon transporters (passive open channels) to highly active carbon transformers with efficient in-lake CO2 production and loss. We developed and applied a conceptual model to demonstrate how the assumed function of lakes in carbon cycling can affect calculations of the global lateral DIC export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters. Using global data on in-lake CO2 production by mineralization as well as CO2 loss by emission, primary production, and carbonate precipitation in lakes, we estimated that the global lateral DIC export can lie within the range of 0.70(-0.31)(+0.27) 1.52(-0.90)(+1.09) Pg C yr(-1) depending on the assumed function of lakes. Thus, the considered lake function has a large effect on the calculated lateral DIC export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters. We conclude that more robust estimates of CO2 sinks and sources will require the classification of lakes into their predominant function. This functional lake classification concept becomes particularly important for the estimation of future CO2 sinks and sources, since in-lake carbon transformation is predicted to be altered with climate change.
Published: 2018
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26. Factors controlling the three-decade long rise in cyanobacteria biomass in a eutrophic shallow lake

Author: Cremona, Fabien, Tuvikene, Lea, Haberman, Juta, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Cremona, Fabien, Tuvikene, Lea, Haberman, Juta, Nõges, Peeter, and Nõges, Tiina
Abstract: We aimed at quantifying the importance of limnological variables in the decadal rise of cyanobacteria biomass in shallow hemiboreal lakes. We constructed estimates of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) biomass in a large, eutrophic lake (Estonia, Northeastern Europe) from a database comprising 28 limnological variables and spanning more than 50 years of monitoring. Using a dual-model approach consisting in a boosted regression trees (BRT) followed by a generalized least squares (GLS) model, our results revealed that six variables were most influential for assessing the variance of cyanobacteria biomass. Cyanobacteria response to nitrate concentration and rotifer abundance was negative, whereas it was positive to pH, temperature, cladoceran and copepod biomass. Response to total phosphorus (TP) and total phosphorus to total nitrogen ratio was very weak, which suggests that actual in-lake TP concentration is still above limiting values. The most efficient GLS model, which explained nearly two thirds (r2 = 0.65) of the variance of cyanobacteria biomass included nitrate concentration, water temperature and pH. The very high number of observations (maximum n = 525) supports the robustness of the models. Our results suggest that the decadal rise of blue-green algae in shallow lakes lies in the interaction between cultural eutrophication and global warming which bring in-lake physical and chemical conditions closer to cyanobacteria optima.
Published: 2018
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27. A lake classification concept for a more accurate global estimate of the dissolved inorganic carbon export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters

Author: Engel, Fabian, Farrell, Kaitlin J., McCullough, Ian M., Scordo, Facundo, Denfeld, Blaize A., Dugan, Hilary A., de Eyto, Elvira, Hanson, Paul C., McClure, Ryan P., Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Ryder, Elizabeth, Weathers, Kathleen C., Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Engel, Fabian, Farrell, Kaitlin J., McCullough, Ian M., Scordo, Facundo, Denfeld, Blaize A., Dugan, Hilary A., de Eyto, Elvira, Hanson, Paul C., McClure, Ryan P., Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Ryder, Elizabeth, Weathers, Kathleen C., and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
Abstract: The magnitude of lateral dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters strongly influences the estimate of the global terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO2) sink. At present, no reliable number of this export is available, and the few studies estimating the lateral DIC export assume that all lakes on Earth function similarly. However, lakes can function along a continuum from passive carbon transporters (passive open channels) to highly active carbon transformers with efficient in-lake CO2 production and loss. We developed and applied a conceptual model to demonstrate how the assumed function of lakes in carbon cycling can affect calculations of the global lateral DIC export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters. Using global data on in-lake CO2 production by mineralization as well as CO2 loss by emission, primary production, and carbonate precipitation in lakes, we estimated that the global lateral DIC export can lie within the range of 0.70(-0.31)(+0.27) 1.52(-0.90)(+1.09) Pg C yr(-1) depending on the assumed function of lakes. Thus, the considered lake function has a large effect on the calculated lateral DIC export from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters. We conclude that more robust estimates of CO2 sinks and sources will require the classification of lakes into their predominant function. This functional lake classification concept becomes particularly important for the estimation of future CO2 sinks and sources, since in-lake carbon transformation is predicted to be altered with climate change.
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Factors controlling the three-decade long rise in cyanobacteria biomass in a eutrophic shallow lake

Author: Cremona, Fabien, Tuvikene, Lea, Haberman, Juta, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Cremona, Fabien, Tuvikene, Lea, Haberman, Juta, Nõges, Peeter, and Nõges, Tiina
Abstract: We aimed at quantifying the importance of limnological variables in the decadal rise of cyanobacteria biomass in shallow hemiboreal lakes. We constructed estimates of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) biomass in a large, eutrophic lake (Estonia, Northeastern Europe) from a database comprising 28 limnological variables and spanning more than 50 years of monitoring. Using a dual-model approach consisting in a boosted regression trees (BRT) followed by a generalized least squares (GLS) model, our results revealed that six variables were most influential for assessing the variance of cyanobacteria biomass. Cyanobacteria response to nitrate concentration and rotifer abundance was negative, whereas it was positive to pH, temperature, cladoceran and copepod biomass. Response to total phosphorus (TP) and total phosphorus to total nitrogen ratio was very weak, which suggests that actual in-lake TP concentration is still above limiting values. The most efficient GLS model, which explained nearly two thirds (r2 = 0.65) of the variance of cyanobacteria biomass included nitrate concentration, water temperature and pH. The very high number of observations (maximum n = 525) supports the robustness of the models. Our results suggest that the decadal rise of blue-green algae in shallow lakes lies in the interaction between cultural eutrophication and global warming which bring in-lake physical and chemical conditions closer to cyanobacteria optima.
Published: 2018
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29. Ecology under lake ice

Author: Hampton, Stephanie E., Galloway, Aaron W. E., Powers, Stephen M., Ozersky, Ted, Woo, Kara H., Batt, Ryan D., Labou, Stephanie G., O’Reilly, Catherine M., Sharma, Sapna, Lottig, Noah R., Stanley, Emily H., North, Rebecca L., Stockwell, Jason D., Adrian, Rita, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Arvola, Lauri, Baulch, Helen M., Bertani, Isabella, Bowman, Larry L., Carey, Cayelan C., Catalan, Jordi, Colom-Montero, William, Domine, Leah M., Felip, Marisol, Granados, Ignacio, Gries, Corinna, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Haberman, Juta, Haldna, Marina, Hayden, Brian, Higgins, Scott N., Jolley, Jeff C., Kahilainen, Kimmo K., Kaup, Enn, Kehoe, Michael J., MacIntyre, Sally, Mackay, Anson W., Mariash, Heather L., McKay, Robert M., Nixdorf, Brigitte, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Palmer, Michelle, Pierson, Don C., Post, David M., Pruett, Matthew J., Rautio, Milla, Read, Jordan S., Roberts, Sarah L., Rücker, Jacqueline, Sadro, Steven, Silow, Eugene A., Smith, Derek E., Sterner, Robert W., Swann, George E. A., Timofeyev, Maxim A., Toro, Manuel, Twiss, Michael R., Vogt, Richard J., Watson, Susan B., Whiteford, Erika J., Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., Hampton, Stephanie E., Galloway, Aaron W. E., Powers, Stephen M., Ozersky, Ted, Woo, Kara H., Batt, Ryan D., Labou, Stephanie G., O’Reilly, Catherine M., Sharma, Sapna, Lottig, Noah R., Stanley, Emily H., North, Rebecca L., Stockwell, Jason D., Adrian, Rita, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Arvola, Lauri, Baulch, Helen M., Bertani, Isabella, Bowman, Larry L., Carey, Cayelan C., Catalan, Jordi, Colom-Montero, William, Domine, Leah M., Felip, Marisol, Granados, Ignacio, Gries, Corinna, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Haberman, Juta, Haldna, Marina, Hayden, Brian, Higgins, Scott N., Jolley, Jeff C., Kahilainen, Kimmo K., Kaup, Enn, Kehoe, Michael J., MacIntyre, Sally, Mackay, Anson W., Mariash, Heather L., McKay, Robert M., Nixdorf, Brigitte, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Palmer, Michelle, Pierson, Don C., Post, David M., Pruett, Matthew J., Rautio, Milla, Read, Jordan S., Roberts, Sarah L., Rücker, Jacqueline, Sadro, Steven, Silow, Eugene A., Smith, Derek E., Sterner, Robert W., Swann, George E. A., Timofeyev, Maxim A., Toro, Manuel, Twiss, Michael R., Vogt, Richard J., Watson, Susan B., Whiteford, Erika J., and Xenopoulos, Marguerite A.
Abstract: Winter conditions are rapidly changing in temperate ecosystems, particularly for those that experience periods of snow and ice cover. Relatively little is known of winter ecology in these systems, due to a historical research focus on summer ‘growing seasons’. We executed the first global quantitative synthesis on under-ice lake ecology, including 36 abiotic and biotic variables from 42 research groups and 101 lakes, examining seasonal differences and connections as well as how seasonal differences vary with geophysical factors. Plankton were more abundant under ice than expected; mean winter values were 43.2% of summer values for chlorophyll a, 15.8% of summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zooplankton density. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations were typically higher during winter, and these differences were exaggerated in smaller lakes. Lake size also influenced winter-summer patterns for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), with higher winter DOC in smaller lakes. At coarse levels of taxonomic aggregation, phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition showed few systematic differences between seasons, although literature suggests that seasonal differences are frequently lake-specific, species-specific, or occur at the level of functional group. Within the subset of lakes that had longer time series, winter influenced the subsequent summer for some nutrient variables and zooplankton biomass.
Published: 2017
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30. Ecology under lake ice

Author: Hampton, Stephanie E., Galloway, Aaron W. E., Powers, Stephen M., Ozersky, Ted, Woo, Kara H., Batt, Ryan D., Labou, Stephanie G., O’Reilly, Catherine M., Sharma, Sapna, Lottig, Noah R., Stanley, Emily H., North, Rebecca L., Stockwell, Jason D., Adrian, Rita, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Arvola, Lauri, Baulch, Helen M., Bertani, Isabella, Bowman, Larry L., Carey, Cayelan C., Catalan, Jordi, Colom-Montero, William, Domine, Leah M., Felip, Marisol, Granados, Ignacio, Gries, Corinna, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Haberman, Juta, Haldna, Marina, Hayden, Brian, Higgins, Scott N., Jolley, Jeff C., Kahilainen, Kimmo K., Kaup, Enn, Kehoe, Michael J., MacIntyre, Sally, Mackay, Anson W., Mariash, Heather L., McKay, Robert M., Nixdorf, Brigitte, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Palmer, Michelle, Pierson, Don C., Post, David M., Pruett, Matthew J., Rautio, Milla, Read, Jordan S., Roberts, Sarah L., Rücker, Jacqueline, Sadro, Steven, Silow, Eugene A., Smith, Derek E., Sterner, Robert W., Swann, George E. A., Timofeyev, Maxim A., Toro, Manuel, Twiss, Michael R., Vogt, Richard J., Watson, Susan B., Whiteford, Erika J., Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., Hampton, Stephanie E., Galloway, Aaron W. E., Powers, Stephen M., Ozersky, Ted, Woo, Kara H., Batt, Ryan D., Labou, Stephanie G., O’Reilly, Catherine M., Sharma, Sapna, Lottig, Noah R., Stanley, Emily H., North, Rebecca L., Stockwell, Jason D., Adrian, Rita, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Arvola, Lauri, Baulch, Helen M., Bertani, Isabella, Bowman, Larry L., Carey, Cayelan C., Catalan, Jordi, Colom-Montero, William, Domine, Leah M., Felip, Marisol, Granados, Ignacio, Gries, Corinna, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Haberman, Juta, Haldna, Marina, Hayden, Brian, Higgins, Scott N., Jolley, Jeff C., Kahilainen, Kimmo K., Kaup, Enn, Kehoe, Michael J., MacIntyre, Sally, Mackay, Anson W., Mariash, Heather L., McKay, Robert M., Nixdorf, Brigitte, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Palmer, Michelle, Pierson, Don C., Post, David M., Pruett, Matthew J., Rautio, Milla, Read, Jordan S., Roberts, Sarah L., Rücker, Jacqueline, Sadro, Steven, Silow, Eugene A., Smith, Derek E., Sterner, Robert W., Swann, George E. A., Timofeyev, Maxim A., Toro, Manuel, Twiss, Michael R., Vogt, Richard J., Watson, Susan B., Whiteford, Erika J., and Xenopoulos, Marguerite A.
Abstract: Winter conditions are rapidly changing in temperate ecosystems, particularly for those that experience periods of snow and ice cover. Relatively little is known of winter ecology in these systems, due to a historical research focus on summer ‘growing seasons’. We executed the first global quantitative synthesis on under-ice lake ecology, including 36 abiotic and biotic variables from 42 research groups and 101 lakes, examining seasonal differences and connections as well as how seasonal differences vary with geophysical factors. Plankton were more abundant under ice than expected; mean winter values were 43.2% of summer values for chlorophyll a, 15.8% of summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zooplankton density. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations were typically higher during winter, and these differences were exaggerated in smaller lakes. Lake size also influenced winter-summer patterns for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), with higher winter DOC in smaller lakes. At coarse levels of taxonomic aggregation, phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition showed few systematic differences between seasons, although literature suggests that seasonal differences are frequently lake-specific, species-specific, or occur at the level of functional group. Within the subset of lakes that had longer time series, winter influenced the subsequent summer for some nutrient variables and zooplankton biomass.
Published: 2017
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31. Ecology under lake ice

Author: Hampton, Stephanie E., Galloway, Aaron W. E., Powers, Stephen M., Ozersky, Ted, Woo, Kara H., Batt, Ryan D., Labou, Stephanie G., O’Reilly, Catherine M., Sharma, Sapna, Lottig, Noah R., Stanley, Emily H., North, Rebecca L., Stockwell, Jason D., Adrian, Rita, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Arvola, Lauri, Baulch, Helen M., Bertani, Isabella, Bowman, Larry L., Carey, Cayelan C., Catalan, Jordi, Colom-Montero, William, Domine, Leah M., Felip, Marisol, Granados, Ignacio, Gries, Corinna, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Haberman, Juta, Haldna, Marina, Hayden, Brian, Higgins, Scott N., Jolley, Jeff C., Kahilainen, Kimmo K., Kaup, Enn, Kehoe, Michael J., MacIntyre, Sally, Mackay, Anson W., Mariash, Heather L., McKay, Robert M., Nixdorf, Brigitte, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Palmer, Michelle, Pierson, Don C., Post, David M., Pruett, Matthew J., Rautio, Milla, Read, Jordan S., Roberts, Sarah L., Rücker, Jacqueline, Sadro, Steven, Silow, Eugene A., Smith, Derek E., Sterner, Robert W., Swann, George E. A., Timofeyev, Maxim A., Toro, Manuel, Twiss, Michael R., Vogt, Richard J., Watson, Susan B., Whiteford, Erika J., Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., Hampton, Stephanie E., Galloway, Aaron W. E., Powers, Stephen M., Ozersky, Ted, Woo, Kara H., Batt, Ryan D., Labou, Stephanie G., O’Reilly, Catherine M., Sharma, Sapna, Lottig, Noah R., Stanley, Emily H., North, Rebecca L., Stockwell, Jason D., Adrian, Rita, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Arvola, Lauri, Baulch, Helen M., Bertani, Isabella, Bowman, Larry L., Carey, Cayelan C., Catalan, Jordi, Colom-Montero, William, Domine, Leah M., Felip, Marisol, Granados, Ignacio, Gries, Corinna, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Haberman, Juta, Haldna, Marina, Hayden, Brian, Higgins, Scott N., Jolley, Jeff C., Kahilainen, Kimmo K., Kaup, Enn, Kehoe, Michael J., MacIntyre, Sally, Mackay, Anson W., Mariash, Heather L., McKay, Robert M., Nixdorf, Brigitte, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Palmer, Michelle, Pierson, Don C., Post, David M., Pruett, Matthew J., Rautio, Milla, Read, Jordan S., Roberts, Sarah L., Rücker, Jacqueline, Sadro, Steven, Silow, Eugene A., Smith, Derek E., Sterner, Robert W., Swann, George E. A., Timofeyev, Maxim A., Toro, Manuel, Twiss, Michael R., Vogt, Richard J., Watson, Susan B., Whiteford, Erika J., and Xenopoulos, Marguerite A.
Abstract: Winter conditions are rapidly changing in temperate ecosystems, particularly for those that experience periods of snow and ice cover. Relatively little is known of winter ecology in these systems, due to a historical research focus on summer ‘growing seasons’. We executed the first global quantitative synthesis on under-ice lake ecology, including 36 abiotic and biotic variables from 42 research groups and 101 lakes, examining seasonal differences and connections as well as how seasonal differences vary with geophysical factors. Plankton were more abundant under ice than expected; mean winter values were 43.2% of summer values for chlorophyll a, 15.8% of summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zooplankton density. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations were typically higher during winter, and these differences were exaggerated in smaller lakes. Lake size also influenced winter-summer patterns for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), with higher winter DOC in smaller lakes. At coarse levels of taxonomic aggregation, phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition showed few systematic differences between seasons, although literature suggests that seasonal differences are frequently lake-specific, species-specific, or occur at the level of functional group. Within the subset of lakes that had longer time series, winter influenced the subsequent summer for some nutrient variables and zooplankton biomass.
Published: 2017
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32. Ecology under lake ice

Author: Hampton, Stephanie E., Galloway, Aaron W. E., Powers, Stephen M., Ozersky, Ted, Woo, Kara H., Batt, Ryan D., Labou, Stephanie G., O’Reilly, Catherine M., Sharma, Sapna, Lottig, Noah R., Stanley, Emily H., North, Rebecca L., Stockwell, Jason D., Adrian, Rita, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Arvola, Lauri, Baulch, Helen M., Bertani, Isabella, Bowman, Larry L., Carey, Cayelan C., Catalan, Jordi, Colom-Montero, William, Domine, Leah M., Felip, Marisol, Granados, Ignacio, Gries, Corinna, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Haberman, Juta, Haldna, Marina, Hayden, Brian, Higgins, Scott N., Jolley, Jeff C., Kahilainen, Kimmo K., Kaup, Enn, Kehoe, Michael J., MacIntyre, Sally, Mackay, Anson W., Mariash, Heather L., McKay, Robert M., Nixdorf, Brigitte, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Palmer, Michelle, Pierson, Don C., Post, David M., Pruett, Matthew J., Rautio, Milla, Read, Jordan S., Roberts, Sarah L., Rücker, Jacqueline, Sadro, Steven, Silow, Eugene A., Smith, Derek E., Sterner, Robert W., Swann, George E. A., Timofeyev, Maxim A., Toro, Manuel, Twiss, Michael R., Vogt, Richard J., Watson, Susan B., Whiteford, Erika J., Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., Hampton, Stephanie E., Galloway, Aaron W. E., Powers, Stephen M., Ozersky, Ted, Woo, Kara H., Batt, Ryan D., Labou, Stephanie G., O’Reilly, Catherine M., Sharma, Sapna, Lottig, Noah R., Stanley, Emily H., North, Rebecca L., Stockwell, Jason D., Adrian, Rita, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Arvola, Lauri, Baulch, Helen M., Bertani, Isabella, Bowman, Larry L., Carey, Cayelan C., Catalan, Jordi, Colom-Montero, William, Domine, Leah M., Felip, Marisol, Granados, Ignacio, Gries, Corinna, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Haberman, Juta, Haldna, Marina, Hayden, Brian, Higgins, Scott N., Jolley, Jeff C., Kahilainen, Kimmo K., Kaup, Enn, Kehoe, Michael J., MacIntyre, Sally, Mackay, Anson W., Mariash, Heather L., McKay, Robert M., Nixdorf, Brigitte, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Palmer, Michelle, Pierson, Don C., Post, David M., Pruett, Matthew J., Rautio, Milla, Read, Jordan S., Roberts, Sarah L., Rücker, Jacqueline, Sadro, Steven, Silow, Eugene A., Smith, Derek E., Sterner, Robert W., Swann, George E. A., Timofeyev, Maxim A., Toro, Manuel, Twiss, Michael R., Vogt, Richard J., Watson, Susan B., Whiteford, Erika J., and Xenopoulos, Marguerite A.
Abstract: Winter conditions are rapidly changing in temperate ecosystems, particularly for those that experience periods of snow and ice cover. Relatively little is known of winter ecology in these systems, due to a historical research focus on summer ‘growing seasons’. We executed the first global quantitative synthesis on under-ice lake ecology, including 36 abiotic and biotic variables from 42 research groups and 101 lakes, examining seasonal differences and connections as well as how seasonal differences vary with geophysical factors. Plankton were more abundant under ice than expected; mean winter values were 43.2% of summer values for chlorophyll a, 15.8% of summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zooplankton density. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations were typically higher during winter, and these differences were exaggerated in smaller lakes. Lake size also influenced winter-summer patterns for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), with higher winter DOC in smaller lakes. At coarse levels of taxonomic aggregation, phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition showed few systematic differences between seasons, although literature suggests that seasonal differences are frequently lake-specific, species-specific, or occur at the level of functional group. Within the subset of lakes that had longer time series, winter influenced the subsequent summer for some nutrient variables and zooplankton biomass.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Ecology under lake ice

Author: Hampton, Stephanie E., Galloway, Aaron W. E., Powers, Stephen M., Ozersky, Ted, Woo, Kara H., Batt, Ryan D., Labou, Stephanie G., O’Reilly, Catherine M., Sharma, Sapna, Lottig, Noah R., Stanley, Emily H., North, Rebecca L., Stockwell, Jason D., Adrian, Rita, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Arvola, Lauri, Baulch, Helen M., Bertani, Isabella, Bowman, Larry L., Carey, Cayelan C., Catalan, Jordi, Colom-Montero, William, Domine, Leah M., Felip, Marisol, Granados, Ignacio, Gries, Corinna, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Haberman, Juta, Haldna, Marina, Hayden, Brian, Higgins, Scott N., Jolley, Jeff C., Kahilainen, Kimmo K., Kaup, Enn, Kehoe, Michael J., MacIntyre, Sally, Mackay, Anson W., Mariash, Heather L., McKay, Robert M., Nixdorf, Brigitte, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Palmer, Michelle, Pierson, Don C., Post, David M., Pruett, Matthew J., Rautio, Milla, Read, Jordan S., Roberts, Sarah L., Rücker, Jacqueline, Sadro, Steven, Silow, Eugene A., Smith, Derek E., Sterner, Robert W., Swann, George E. A., Timofeyev, Maxim A., Toro, Manuel, Twiss, Michael R., Vogt, Richard J., Watson, Susan B., Whiteford, Erika J., Xenopoulos, Marguerite A., Hampton, Stephanie E., Galloway, Aaron W. E., Powers, Stephen M., Ozersky, Ted, Woo, Kara H., Batt, Ryan D., Labou, Stephanie G., O’Reilly, Catherine M., Sharma, Sapna, Lottig, Noah R., Stanley, Emily H., North, Rebecca L., Stockwell, Jason D., Adrian, Rita, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Arvola, Lauri, Baulch, Helen M., Bertani, Isabella, Bowman, Larry L., Carey, Cayelan C., Catalan, Jordi, Colom-Montero, William, Domine, Leah M., Felip, Marisol, Granados, Ignacio, Gries, Corinna, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Haberman, Juta, Haldna, Marina, Hayden, Brian, Higgins, Scott N., Jolley, Jeff C., Kahilainen, Kimmo K., Kaup, Enn, Kehoe, Michael J., MacIntyre, Sally, Mackay, Anson W., Mariash, Heather L., McKay, Robert M., Nixdorf, Brigitte, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Palmer, Michelle, Pierson, Don C., Post, David M., Pruett, Matthew J., Rautio, Milla, Read, Jordan S., Roberts, Sarah L., Rücker, Jacqueline, Sadro, Steven, Silow, Eugene A., Smith, Derek E., Sterner, Robert W., Swann, George E. A., Timofeyev, Maxim A., Toro, Manuel, Twiss, Michael R., Vogt, Richard J., Watson, Susan B., Whiteford, Erika J., and Xenopoulos, Marguerite A.
Abstract: Winter conditions are rapidly changing in temperate ecosystems, particularly for those that experience periods of snow and ice cover. Relatively little is known of winter ecology in these systems, due to a historical research focus on summer ‘growing seasons’. We executed the first global quantitative synthesis on under-ice lake ecology, including 36 abiotic and biotic variables from 42 research groups and 101 lakes, examining seasonal differences and connections as well as how seasonal differences vary with geophysical factors. Plankton were more abundant under ice than expected; mean winter values were 43.2% of summer values for chlorophyll a, 15.8% of summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zooplankton density. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations were typically higher during winter, and these differences were exaggerated in smaller lakes. Lake size also influenced winter-summer patterns for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), with higher winter DOC in smaller lakes. At coarse levels of taxonomic aggregation, phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition showed few systematic differences between seasons, although literature suggests that seasonal differences are frequently lake-specific, species-specific, or occur at the level of functional group. Within the subset of lakes that had longer time series, winter influenced the subsequent summer for some nutrient variables and zooplankton biomass.
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Numerical Exploration of the Planktonic to Benthic Primary Production Ratios in Lakes of the Baltic Sea Catchment

Author: Cremona, Fabien, Laas, Alo, Arvola, Lauri, Pierson, Don, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Cremona, Fabien, Laas, Alo, Arvola, Lauri, Pierson, Don, Nõges, Peeter, and Nõges, Tiina
Abstract: Autotrophic structure refers to the partitioning of whole-ecosystem primary production between benthic and planktonic primary producers. Autotrophic structure remains poorly understood especially because of the paucity of estimates regarding benthic primary production. We used a conceptual model for numerically exploring the autotrophic structure of 13 hemiboreal lakes situated in the Baltic Sea catchment. We also used diel variations in primary production profiles to graphically evaluate levels of light and/or nutrient limitation in lakes. The input morphometric data, light extinction coefficients and dissolved carbon parameters were mostly obtained from in situ measurements. Results revealed that cross- and within-lake autotrophic structure varied greatly: one lake was clearly dominated by benthic production, and three lakes by phytoplankton production. In the rest, phytoplankton production was generally dominant but switch to benthic dominance was possible. The modelled primary production profiles varied according to lake water clarity and bathymetry. Our results clearly indicate that the relative contribution of benthic primary production to whole-lake primary production should be taken into account in studies about hemiboreal and boreal lakes.
Published: 2016
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35. Managing aquatic ecosystems and water resources under multiple stress — an introduction to the MARS project

Author: Hering, Daniel, Carvalho, Laurence, Argillier, Christine, Beklioglu, Meryem, Borja, Angel, Cardoso, Ana Cristina, Duel, Harm, Ferreira, Teresa, Globevnik, Lidija, Hanganu, Jenica, Hellsten, Seppo, Jeppesen, Erik, Kodeš, Vit, Solheim, Anne Lyche, Nõges, Tiina, Ormerod, Steve, Panagopoulos, Yiannis, Schmutz, Stefan, Venohr, Markus, Birk, Sebastian, Hering, Daniel, Carvalho, Laurence, Argillier, Christine, Beklioglu, Meryem, Borja, Angel, Cardoso, Ana Cristina, Duel, Harm, Ferreira, Teresa, Globevnik, Lidija, Hanganu, Jenica, Hellsten, Seppo, Jeppesen, Erik, Kodeš, Vit, Solheim, Anne Lyche, Nõges, Tiina, Ormerod, Steve, Panagopoulos, Yiannis, Schmutz, Stefan, Venohr, Markus, and Birk, Sebastian
Abstract: Water resources globally are affected by a complex mixture of stressors resulting from a range of drivers, including urban and agricultural land use, hydropower generation and climate change. Understanding how stressors interfere and impact upon ecological status and ecosystem services is essential for developing effective River Basin Management Plans and shaping future environmental policy. This paper details the nature of these problems for Europe's water resources and the need to find solutions at a range of spatial scales. In terms of the latter, we describe the aims and approaches of the EU-funded project MARS (Managing Aquatic ecosystems and water Resources under multiple Stress) and the conceptual and analytical framework that it is adopting to provide this knowledge, understanding and tools needed to address multiple stressors. MARS is operating at three scales: At the water body scale, the mechanistic understanding of stressor interactions and their impact upon water resources, ecological status and ecosystem services will be examined through multi-factorial experiments and the analysis of long time-series. At the river basin scale, modelling and empirical approaches will be adopted to characterise relationships between multiple stressors and ecological responses, functions, services and water resources. The effects of future land use and mitigation scenarios in 16 European river basins will be assessed. At the European scale, large-scale spatial analysis will be carried out to identify the relationships amongst stress intensity, ecological status and service provision, with a special focus on large transboundary rivers, lakes and fish. The project will support managers and policy makers in the practical implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD), of related legislation and of the Blueprint to Safeguard Europe's Water Resources by advising the 3rd River Basin Management Planning cycle, the revision of the WFD and by developing new tools for diagn
Published: 2015

36. Managing aquatic ecosystems and water resources under multiple stress — an introduction to the MARS project

Author: Hering, Daniel, Carvalho, Laurence, Argillier, Christine, Beklioglu, Meryem, Borja, Angel, Cardoso, Ana Cristina, Duel, Harm, Ferreira, Teresa, Globevnik, Lidija, Hanganu, Jenica, Hellsten, Seppo, Jeppesen, Erik, Kodeš, Vit, Solheim, Anne Lyche, Nõges, Tiina, Ormerod, Steve, Panagopoulos, Yiannis, Schmutz, Stefan, Venohr, Markus, Birk, Sebastian, Hering, Daniel, Carvalho, Laurence, Argillier, Christine, Beklioglu, Meryem, Borja, Angel, Cardoso, Ana Cristina, Duel, Harm, Ferreira, Teresa, Globevnik, Lidija, Hanganu, Jenica, Hellsten, Seppo, Jeppesen, Erik, Kodeš, Vit, Solheim, Anne Lyche, Nõges, Tiina, Ormerod, Steve, Panagopoulos, Yiannis, Schmutz, Stefan, Venohr, Markus, and Birk, Sebastian
Abstract: Water resources globally are affected by a complex mixture of stressors resulting from a range of drivers, including urban and agricultural land use, hydropower generation and climate change. Understanding how stressors interfere and impact upon ecological status and ecosystem services is essential for developing effective River Basin Management Plans and shaping future environmental policy. This paper details the nature of these problems for Europe's water resources and the need to find solutions at a range of spatial scales. In terms of the latter, we describe the aims and approaches of the EU-funded project MARS (Managing Aquatic ecosystems and water Resources under multiple Stress) and the conceptual and analytical framework that it is adopting to provide this knowledge, understanding and tools needed to address multiple stressors. MARS is operating at three scales: At the water body scale, the mechanistic understanding of stressor interactions and their impact upon water resources, ecological status and ecosystem services will be examined through multi-factorial experiments and the analysis of long time-series. At the river basin scale, modelling and empirical approaches will be adopted to characterise relationships between multiple stressors and ecological responses, functions, services and water resources. The effects of future land use and mitigation scenarios in 16 European river basins will be assessed. At the European scale, large-scale spatial analysis will be carried out to identify the relationships amongst stress intensity, ecological status and service provision, with a special focus on large transboundary rivers, lakes and fish. The project will support managers and policy makers in the practical implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD), of related legislation and of the Blueprint to Safeguard Europe's Water Resources by advising the 3rd River Basin Management Planning cycle, the revision of the WFD and by developing new tools for diagn
Published: 2015

37. Winter conditions in six European shallow lakes: a comparative synopsis

Author: Dokulil, Martin T., Herzig, Alois, Somogyi, Boglarka, Vörös, Lajos, Donabaum, Karl, May, Linda, Nõges, Tiina, Dokulil, Martin T., Herzig, Alois, Somogyi, Boglarka, Vörös, Lajos, Donabaum, Karl, May, Linda, and Nõges, Tiina
Abstract: This review summarizes winter conditions from six polymictic European shallow lakes. The lakes range from oligotrophic to hyper-eutrophic. Four of the lakes freeze regularly while ice cover is absent or rare in the two others. Ice duration and timing of ice-out are significantly influenced by climate signals in three of the lakes. Winter water temperature remains higher in non-ice-covered lakes. No long-term trend in temperature is detectable except for one lake where winter water temperature began to increase in 1986. Secchi depth in winter is equal or greater than summer values in all six lakes indicating relatively better light conditions in winter. Total phosphorus concentration in winter ranges from 10 to 130 µg L–1, which is equal or lower than summer values and is unrelated to chlorophyll a in five of the sites. Phytoplankton species composition during winter differs largely at the six sites. The winter assemblages largely depend on the trophic level and the conditions during the previous season. Winter chlorophyll a and phytoplankton biomass are usually lower than summer values because of reduced photosynthetic rates. Bacterial production often exceeds primary production. Epipelic algal assemblages tend to proliferate during winter in both ice-covered and non-ice-covered lakes. Primary production is low during winter because of insufficient light. Zooplankton abundances and biomass critically depend on conditions during the previous season and the winter situation and are quite variable from year to year, but their values correlate with the trophic status of the lakes. As a result, winter conditions are important to understand seasonal and annual changes in shallow lakes.
Published: 2014

38. Winter conditions in six European shallow lakes: a comparative synopsis

Author: Dokulil, Martin T., Herzig, Alois, Somogyi, Boglarka, Vörös, Lajos, Donabaum, Karl, May, Linda, Nõges, Tiina, Dokulil, Martin T., Herzig, Alois, Somogyi, Boglarka, Vörös, Lajos, Donabaum, Karl, May, Linda, and Nõges, Tiina
Abstract: This review summarizes winter conditions from six polymictic European shallow lakes. The lakes range from oligotrophic to hyper-eutrophic. Four of the lakes freeze regularly while ice cover is absent or rare in the two others. Ice duration and timing of ice-out are significantly influenced by climate signals in three of the lakes. Winter water temperature remains higher in non-ice-covered lakes. No long-term trend in temperature is detectable except for one lake where winter water temperature began to increase in 1986. Secchi depth in winter is equal or greater than summer values in all six lakes indicating relatively better light conditions in winter. Total phosphorus concentration in winter ranges from 10 to 130 µg L–1, which is equal or lower than summer values and is unrelated to chlorophyll a in five of the sites. Phytoplankton species composition during winter differs largely at the six sites. The winter assemblages largely depend on the trophic level and the conditions during the previous season. Winter chlorophyll a and phytoplankton biomass are usually lower than summer values because of reduced photosynthetic rates. Bacterial production often exceeds primary production. Epipelic algal assemblages tend to proliferate during winter in both ice-covered and non-ice-covered lakes. Primary production is low during winter because of insufficient light. Zooplankton abundances and biomass critically depend on conditions during the previous season and the winter situation and are quite variable from year to year, but their values correlate with the trophic status of the lakes. As a result, winter conditions are important to understand seasonal and annual changes in shallow lakes.
Published: 2014

39. Water colour, phosphorus and alkalinity are the major determinants of the dominant phytoplankton species in European lakes

Author: Maileht, Kairi, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Ott, Ingmar, Mischke, Ute, Carvalho, Laurence, Dudley, Bernard, Maileht, Kairi, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Ott, Ingmar, Mischke, Ute, Carvalho, Laurence, and Dudley, Bernard
Abstract: Analysis of phytoplankton data from about 1,500 lakes in 20 European countries has revealed that two-thirds of the species that dominate lakes during the summer are dominant right across Europe. Using Canonical Correspondence Analyses, we have examined how both habitat conditions within lakes and environmental factors over broad geographical scales explained the distribution of the 151 most common summer dominant species. The distributions of these species were best explained by water colour and latitude, although alkalinity and total phosphorus also appeared to be important explanatory factors. Contrary to our original hypothesis, summer water temperatures had a negligible impact on the distribution of dominants, although, due to the restricted summer season we examined, only a limited temperature gradient was present in the dataset. Cryptophytes occurred more frequently among dominants in Northern Europe whereas cyanobacteria and dinophytes dominated more in Central and Southern Europe. Our analyses suggest that besides nutrient concentrations, other water chemistry variables, such as alkalinity and the content of humic substances, have at least as important a role in determining the distribution of the dominant phytoplankton species in European lakes.
Published: 2013

40. Water colour, phosphorus and alkalinity are the major determinants of the dominant phytoplankton species in European lakes

Author: Maileht, Kairi, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Ott, Ingmar, Mischke, Ute, Carvalho, Laurence, Dudley, Bernard, Maileht, Kairi, Nõges, Tiina, Nõges, Peeter, Ott, Ingmar, Mischke, Ute, Carvalho, Laurence, and Dudley, Bernard
Abstract: Analysis of phytoplankton data from about 1,500 lakes in 20 European countries has revealed that two-thirds of the species that dominate lakes during the summer are dominant right across Europe. Using Canonical Correspondence Analyses, we have examined how both habitat conditions within lakes and environmental factors over broad geographical scales explained the distribution of the 151 most common summer dominant species. The distributions of these species were best explained by water colour and latitude, although alkalinity and total phosphorus also appeared to be important explanatory factors. Contrary to our original hypothesis, summer water temperatures had a negligible impact on the distribution of dominants, although, due to the restricted summer season we examined, only a limited temperature gradient was present in the dataset. Cryptophytes occurred more frequently among dominants in Northern Europe whereas cyanobacteria and dinophytes dominated more in Central and Southern Europe. Our analyses suggest that besides nutrient concentrations, other water chemistry variables, such as alkalinity and the content of humic substances, have at least as important a role in determining the distribution of the dominant phytoplankton species in European lakes.
Published: 2013

41. The impact of changing climate on the thermal characteristics of lakes

Author: Arvola, Lauri, George, Glen, Livingstone, David M., Järvinen, Marko, Blenckner, Thorsten, Dokulil, Martin T., Jennings, Eleanor, Aonghusa, Caitriona Nic, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa. A., Arvola, Lauri, George, Glen, Livingstone, David M., Järvinen, Marko, Blenckner, Thorsten, Dokulil, Martin T., Jennings, Eleanor, Aonghusa, Caitriona Nic, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa. A.
Published: 2010
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42. The impact of climate change on lakes in northern Europe

Author: Blenckner, Thorsten, Adrian, Rita, Arvola, Lauri, Järvinen, Marko, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Pettersson, Kurt, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Blenckner, Thorsten, Adrian, Rita, Arvola, Lauri, Järvinen, Marko, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Pettersson, Kurt, and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
Published: 2010
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43. Regional and supra-regional coherence in limnological variables

Author: Livingstone, David M., Adrian, Rita, Arvola, Lauri, Blenckner, Thorsten, Dokulil, Martin T., Hari, Renata E., George, Glen, Jankowski, Thomas, Järvinen, Marko, Jennings, Eleanor, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Straile, Dietmar, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Livingstone, David M., Adrian, Rita, Arvola, Lauri, Blenckner, Thorsten, Dokulil, Martin T., Hari, Renata E., George, Glen, Jankowski, Thomas, Järvinen, Marko, Jennings, Eleanor, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Straile, Dietmar, and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
Published: 2010

44. The impact of the changing climate on the flux of dissolved organic carbon from catchments

Author: Jennings, Eleanor, Järvinen, Marko, Allott, Norman, Arvola, Lauri, Moore, Karen, Naden, Pam, Aonghusa, Caitriona Nic, Nõges, Tiina, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Jennings, Eleanor, Järvinen, Marko, Allott, Norman, Arvola, Lauri, Moore, Karen, Naden, Pam, Aonghusa, Caitriona Nic, Nõges, Tiina, and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.
Published: 2010
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45. Impacts of climate on the flux of dissolved organic carbon from catchments

Author: George, Glen, Jennings, Eleanor, Järvinen, Marko, Arvola, Lauri, Allott, Norman, Moore, Karen, Naden, Pam, Nic Aongusa, Caitriona, Nõges, Tiina, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa, George, Glen, Jennings, Eleanor, Järvinen, Marko, Arvola, Lauri, Allott, Norman, Moore, Karen, Naden, Pam, Nic Aongusa, Caitriona, Nõges, Tiina, and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa
Published: 2010

46. Impacts of climate on the flux of dissolved organic carbon from catchments

Author: George, Glen, Jennings, Eleanor, Järvinen, Marko, Arvola, Lauri, Allott, Norman, Moore, Karen, Naden, Pam, Nic Aongusa, Caitriona, Nõges, Tiina, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa, George, Glen, Jennings, Eleanor, Järvinen, Marko, Arvola, Lauri, Allott, Norman, Moore, Karen, Naden, Pam, Nic Aongusa, Caitriona, Nõges, Tiina, and Weyhenmeyer, Gesa
Published: 2010

47. Changes in phytoplankton species composition and functional groups. Final report

Author: Straile, Dietmar, Adrian, Rita, Jankowski, Thomas, Järvinen, Marko, Maberly, Stephen, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa, Wilhelm, Susann, Straile, Dietmar, Adrian, Rita, Jankowski, Thomas, Järvinen, Marko, Maberly, Stephen, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa, and Wilhelm, Susann
Published: 2005

48. Changes in phytoplankton species composition and functional groups. Final report

Author: Straile, Dietmar, Adrian, Rita, Jankowski, Thomas, Järvinen, Marko, Maberly, Stephen, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa, Wilhelm, Susann, Straile, Dietmar, Adrian, Rita, Jankowski, Thomas, Järvinen, Marko, Maberly, Stephen, Nõges, Peeter, Nõges, Tiina, Weyhenmeyer, Gesa, and Wilhelm, Susann
Published: 2005

49. Modelling the Effects of Climate Change on Inorganic Nitrogen Transport from Catchments to Lakes

Author: Moore, Karen, Jennings, Eleanor, May, Linda, Järvinen, Marko, Arvola, Lauri, Tamm, Toomas, Järvet, Arvo, Nõges, Tiina, Pierson, Donald, Schneiderman, Elliot, Moore, Karen, Jennings, Eleanor, May, Linda, Järvinen, Marko, Arvola, Lauri, Tamm, Toomas, Järvet, Arvo, Nõges, Tiina, Pierson, Donald, and Schneiderman, Elliot

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