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15 results on '"Mueller, Ulrich G."'

1. Artificial Selection on Microbiomes To Breed Microbiomes That Confer Salt Tolerance to Plants

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mueller, Ulrich G, Juenger, Thomas E, Kardish, Melissa R, Carlson, Alexis L, Burns, Kathleen M, Edwards, Joseph A, Smith, Chad C, Fang, Chi-Chun, Des Marais, David L, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mueller, Ulrich G, Juenger, Thomas E, Kardish, Melissa R, Carlson, Alexis L, Burns, Kathleen M, Edwards, Joseph A, Smith, Chad C, Fang, Chi-Chun, and Des Marais, David L

Abstract

We developed an experimental protocol that improves earlier methods of artificial selection on microbiomes and then tested the efficacy of our protocol to breed root-associated bacterial microbiomes that confer salt tolerance to a plant. Salt stress limits growth and seed production of crop plants, and artificially selected microbiomes conferring salt tolerance may ultimately help improve agricultural productivity.

Published
2023

3. Metabolism and the rise of fungus cultivation by ants

Author

Shik, Jonathan Zvi, Santos, Juan C., Seal, Jon N., Kay, Adam, Mueller, Ulrich G., Kaspari, Michael, Shik, Jonathan Zvi, Santos, Juan C., Seal, Jon N., Kay, Adam, Mueller, Ulrich G., and Kaspari, Michael

Published
2014

4. Metabolism and the rise of fungus cultivation by ants

Author

Shik, Jonathan Zvi, Santos, Juan C., Seal, Jon N., Kay, Adam, Mueller, Ulrich G., Kaspari, Michael, Shik, Jonathan Zvi, Santos, Juan C., Seal, Jon N., Kay, Adam, Mueller, Ulrich G., and Kaspari, Michael

Published
2014

7. The metapleural gland of ants

Author

Yek, Sze Huei, Mueller, Ulrich G, Yek, Sze Huei, and Mueller, Ulrich G

Abstract

The metapleural gland (MG) is a complex glandular structure unique to ants, suggesting a critical role in their origin and ecological success. We synthesize the current understanding of the adaptive function, morphology, evolutionary history, and chemical properties of the MG. Two functions of the MG, sanitation and chemical defence, have received the strongest empirical support; two additional possible functions, recognition odour and territorial marking, are less well supported. The design of the MG is unusual for insects; glandular secretions are stored in a rigid, non-compressible invagination of the integument and the secretion is thought to ooze out passively through the non-closable opening of the MG or is groomed off by the legs and applied to target surfaces. MG loss has occurred repeatedly among the ants, particularly in the subfamilies Formicinae and Myrmicinae, and the MG is more commonly absent in males than in workers. MG chemistry has been characterized mostly in derived ant lineages with unique biologies (e.g. leafcutter ants, fire ants), currently precluding any inferences about MG chemistry at the origin of the ants. A synthetic approach integrating functional morphology, phylogenetic transitions and chemical ecology of the MGs of both the derived and the unstudied early-branching (basal) ant lineages is needed to elucidate the evolutionary origin and diversification of the MG of ants.

Published
2011

8. Inclusive fitness theory and eusociality

Author

Abbot, Patrick, Abe, Jun, Alcock, John, Alizon, Samuel, Alpedrinha, Joao A C, Andersson, Malte, Andre, Jean-Baptiste, van Baalen, Minus, Balloux, Francois, Balshine, Sigal, Barton, Nick, Beukeboom, Leo W, Biernaskie, Jay M, Kofoed, Trine Bilde, Borgia, Gerald, Breed, Michael, Brown, Sam, Bshary, Redouan, Buckling, Angus, Burley, Nancy T, Burton-Chellew, Max N, Cant, Michael A, Chapuisat, Michel, Charnov, Eric L, Clutton-Brock, Tim, Cockburn, Andrew, Cole, Blaine J, Colegrave, Nick, Cosmides, Leda, Couzin, Iain D, Coyne, Jerry A, Creel, Scott, Crespi, Bernard, Curry, Robert L, Dall, Sasha R X, Day, Troy, Dickinson, Janis L, Dugatkin, Lee Alan, El Mouden, Claire, Emlen, Stephen T, Evans, Jay, Ferriere, Regis, Field, Jeremy, Foitzik, Susanne, Foster, Kevin, Foster, William A, Fox, Charles W, Gadau, Juergen, Gandon, Sylvain, Gardner, Andy, Gardner, Michael G, Getty, Thomas, Goodisman, Michael A D, Grafen, Alan, Grosberg, Rick, Grozinger, Christina M, Gouyon, Pierre-Henri, Gwynne, Darryl, Harvey, Paul H, Hatchwell, Ben J, Heinze, Jürgen, Helantera, Heikki, Helms, Ken R, Hill, Kim, Natalie, Jiricny, Johnstone, Rufus A, Kacelnik, Alex, Kiers, E Toby, Kokko, Hanna, Komdeur, Jan, Korb, Judith, Kronauer, Daniel, Kümmerli, Rolf, Lehmann, Laurent, Linksvayer, Timothy Arnold, Lion, Sébastien, Lyon, Bruce, Marshall, James A R, McElreath, Richard, Michalakis, Yannis, Michod, Richard E, Mock, Douglas, Monnin, Thibaud, Montgomerie, Robert, Moore, Allen J, Mueller, Ulrich G, Noë, Ronald, Okasha, Samir, Pamilo, Pekka, Parker, Geoff A, Pedersen, Jes Søe, Pen, Ido, Pfennig, David, Queller, David C, Rankin, Daniel J, Reece, Sarah E, Reeve, Hudson K, Reuter, Max, Roberts, Gilbert, Robson, Simon K A, Roze, Denis, Rousset, Francois, Rueppell, Olav, Sachs, Joel L, Santorelli, Lorenzo, Schmid-Hempel, Paul, Schwarz, Michael P, Scott-Phillips, Tom, Shellmann-Sherman, Janet, Sherman, Paul W, Shuker, David M, Smith, Jeff, Spagna, Joseph C, Strassmann, Beverly, Suarez, Andrew V, Sundström, Liselotte, Taborsky, Michael, Taylor, Peter, Thompson, Graham, Tooby, John, Tsutsui, Neil D, Tsuji, Kazuki, Turillazzi, Stefano, Ubeda, Francisco, Vargo, Edward L, Voelkl, Bernard, Wenseleers, Tom, West, Stuart A, West-Eberhard, Mary Jane, Westneat, David F, Wiernasz, Diane C, Wild, Geoff, Wrangham, Richard, Young, Andrew J, Zeh, David W, Zeh, Jeanne A, Zink, Andrew, Abbot, Patrick, Abe, Jun, Alcock, John, Alizon, Samuel, Alpedrinha, Joao A C, Andersson, Malte, Andre, Jean-Baptiste, van Baalen, Minus, Balloux, Francois, Balshine, Sigal, Barton, Nick, Beukeboom, Leo W, Biernaskie, Jay M, Kofoed, Trine Bilde, Borgia, Gerald, Breed, Michael, Brown, Sam, Bshary, Redouan, Buckling, Angus, Burley, Nancy T, Burton-Chellew, Max N, Cant, Michael A, Chapuisat, Michel, Charnov, Eric L, Clutton-Brock, Tim, Cockburn, Andrew, Cole, Blaine J, Colegrave, Nick, Cosmides, Leda, Couzin, Iain D, Coyne, Jerry A, Creel, Scott, Crespi, Bernard, Curry, Robert L, Dall, Sasha R X, Day, Troy, Dickinson, Janis L, Dugatkin, Lee Alan, El Mouden, Claire, Emlen, Stephen T, Evans, Jay, Ferriere, Regis, Field, Jeremy, Foitzik, Susanne, Foster, Kevin, Foster, William A, Fox, Charles W, Gadau, Juergen, Gandon, Sylvain, Gardner, Andy, Gardner, Michael G, Getty, Thomas, Goodisman, Michael A D, Grafen, Alan, Grosberg, Rick, Grozinger, Christina M, Gouyon, Pierre-Henri, Gwynne, Darryl, Harvey, Paul H, Hatchwell, Ben J, Heinze, Jürgen, Helantera, Heikki, Helms, Ken R, Hill, Kim, Natalie, Jiricny, Johnstone, Rufus A, Kacelnik, Alex, Kiers, E Toby, Kokko, Hanna, Komdeur, Jan, Korb, Judith, Kronauer, Daniel, Kümmerli, Rolf, Lehmann, Laurent, Linksvayer, Timothy Arnold, Lion, Sébastien, Lyon, Bruce, Marshall, James A R, McElreath, Richard, Michalakis, Yannis, Michod, Richard E, Mock, Douglas, Monnin, Thibaud, Montgomerie, Robert, Moore, Allen J, Mueller, Ulrich G, Noë, Ronald, Okasha, Samir, Pamilo, Pekka, Parker, Geoff A, Pedersen, Jes Søe, Pen, Ido, Pfennig, David, Queller, David C, Rankin, Daniel J, Reece, Sarah E, Reeve, Hudson K, Reuter, Max, Roberts, Gilbert, Robson, Simon K A, Roze, Denis, Rousset, Francois, Rueppell, Olav, Sachs, Joel L, Santorelli, Lorenzo, Schmid-Hempel, Paul, Schwarz, Michael P, Scott-Phillips, Tom, Shellmann-Sherman, Janet, Sherman, Paul W, Shuker, David M, Smith, Jeff, Spagna, Joseph C, Strassmann, Beverly, Suarez, Andrew V, Sundström, Liselotte, Taborsky, Michael, Taylor, Peter, Thompson, Graham, Tooby, John, Tsutsui, Neil D, Tsuji, Kazuki, Turillazzi, Stefano, Ubeda, Francisco, Vargo, Edward L, Voelkl, Bernard, Wenseleers, Tom, West, Stuart A, West-Eberhard, Mary Jane, Westneat, David F, Wiernasz, Diane C, Wild, Geoff, Wrangham, Richard, Young, Andrew J, Zeh, David W, Zeh, Jeanne A, and Zink, Andrew

Abstract

Arising from M. A. Nowak, C. E. Tarnita & E. O. Wilson 466, 1057-1062 (2010); Nowak et al. reply. Nowak et al. argue that inclusive fitness theory has been of little value in explaining the natural world, and that it has led to negligible progress in explaining the evolution of eusociality. However, we believe that their arguments are based upon a misunderstanding of evolutionary theory and a misrepresentation of the empirical literature. We will focus our comments on three general issues.

Published
2011

9. The metapleural gland of ants

Author

Yek, Sze Huei, Mueller, Ulrich G, Yek, Sze Huei, and Mueller, Ulrich G

Abstract

The metapleural gland (MG) is a complex glandular structure unique to ants, suggesting a critical role in their origin and ecological success. We synthesize the current understanding of the adaptive function, morphology, evolutionary history, and chemical properties of the MG. Two functions of the MG, sanitation and chemical defence, have received the strongest empirical support; two additional possible functions, recognition odour and territorial marking, are less well supported. The design of the MG is unusual for insects; glandular secretions are stored in a rigid, non-compressible invagination of the integument and the secretion is thought to ooze out passively through the non-closable opening of the MG or is groomed off by the legs and applied to target surfaces. MG loss has occurred repeatedly among the ants, particularly in the subfamilies Formicinae and Myrmicinae, and the MG is more commonly absent in males than in workers. MG chemistry has been characterized mostly in derived ant lineages with unique biologies (e.g. leafcutter ants, fire ants), currently precluding any inferences about MG chemistry at the origin of the ants. A synthetic approach integrating functional morphology, phylogenetic transitions and chemical ecology of the MGs of both the derived and the unstudied early-branching (basal) ant lineages is needed to elucidate the evolutionary origin and diversification of the MG of ants.

Published
2011

10. Inclusive fitness theory and eusociality

Author

Abbot, Patrick, Abe, Jun, Alcock, John, Alizon, Samuel, Alpedrinha, Joao A C, Andersson, Malte, Andre, Jean-Baptiste, van Baalen, Minus, Balloux, Francois, Balshine, Sigal, Barton, Nick, Beukeboom, Leo W, Biernaskie, Jay M, Kofoed, Trine Bilde, Borgia, Gerald, Breed, Michael, Brown, Sam, Bshary, Redouan, Buckling, Angus, Burley, Nancy T, Burton-Chellew, Max N, Cant, Michael A, Chapuisat, Michel, Charnov, Eric L, Clutton-Brock, Tim, Cockburn, Andrew, Cole, Blaine J, Colegrave, Nick, Cosmides, Leda, Couzin, Iain D, Coyne, Jerry A, Creel, Scott, Crespi, Bernard, Curry, Robert L, Dall, Sasha R X, Day, Troy, Dickinson, Janis L, Dugatkin, Lee Alan, El Mouden, Claire, Emlen, Stephen T, Evans, Jay, Ferriere, Regis, Field, Jeremy, Foitzik, Susanne, Foster, Kevin, Foster, William A, Fox, Charles W, Gadau, Juergen, Gandon, Sylvain, Gardner, Andy, Gardner, Michael G, Getty, Thomas, Goodisman, Michael A D, Grafen, Alan, Grosberg, Rick, Grozinger, Christina M, Gouyon, Pierre-Henri, Gwynne, Darryl, Harvey, Paul H, Hatchwell, Ben J, Heinze, Jürgen, Helantera, Heikki, Helms, Ken R, Hill, Kim, Natalie, Jiricny, Johnstone, Rufus A, Kacelnik, Alex, Kiers, E Toby, Kokko, Hanna, Komdeur, Jan, Korb, Judith, Kronauer, Daniel, Kümmerli, Rolf, Lehmann, Laurent, Linksvayer, Timothy Arnold, Lion, Sébastien, Lyon, Bruce, Marshall, James A R, McElreath, Richard, Michalakis, Yannis, Michod, Richard E, Mock, Douglas, Monnin, Thibaud, Montgomerie, Robert, Moore, Allen J, Mueller, Ulrich G, Noë, Ronald, Okasha, Samir, Pamilo, Pekka, Parker, Geoff A, Pedersen, Jes Søe, Pen, Ido, Pfennig, David, Queller, David C, Rankin, Daniel J, Reece, Sarah E, Reeve, Hudson K, Reuter, Max, Roberts, Gilbert, Robson, Simon K A, Roze, Denis, Rousset, Francois, Rueppell, Olav, Sachs, Joel L, Santorelli, Lorenzo, Schmid-Hempel, Paul, Schwarz, Michael P, Scott-Phillips, Tom, Shellmann-Sherman, Janet, Sherman, Paul W, Shuker, David M, Smith, Jeff, Spagna, Joseph C, Strassmann, Beverly, Suarez, Andrew V, Sundström, Liselotte, Taborsky, Michael, Taylor, Peter, Thompson, Graham, Tooby, John, Tsutsui, Neil D, Tsuji, Kazuki, Turillazzi, Stefano, Ubeda, Francisco, Vargo, Edward L, Voelkl, Bernard, Wenseleers, Tom, West, Stuart A, West-Eberhard, Mary Jane, Westneat, David F, Wiernasz, Diane C, Wild, Geoff, Wrangham, Richard, Young, Andrew J, Zeh, David W, Zeh, Jeanne A, Zink, Andrew, Abbot, Patrick, Abe, Jun, Alcock, John, Alizon, Samuel, Alpedrinha, Joao A C, Andersson, Malte, Andre, Jean-Baptiste, van Baalen, Minus, Balloux, Francois, Balshine, Sigal, Barton, Nick, Beukeboom, Leo W, Biernaskie, Jay M, Kofoed, Trine Bilde, Borgia, Gerald, Breed, Michael, Brown, Sam, Bshary, Redouan, Buckling, Angus, Burley, Nancy T, Burton-Chellew, Max N, Cant, Michael A, Chapuisat, Michel, Charnov, Eric L, Clutton-Brock, Tim, Cockburn, Andrew, Cole, Blaine J, Colegrave, Nick, Cosmides, Leda, Couzin, Iain D, Coyne, Jerry A, Creel, Scott, Crespi, Bernard, Curry, Robert L, Dall, Sasha R X, Day, Troy, Dickinson, Janis L, Dugatkin, Lee Alan, El Mouden, Claire, Emlen, Stephen T, Evans, Jay, Ferriere, Regis, Field, Jeremy, Foitzik, Susanne, Foster, Kevin, Foster, William A, Fox, Charles W, Gadau, Juergen, Gandon, Sylvain, Gardner, Andy, Gardner, Michael G, Getty, Thomas, Goodisman, Michael A D, Grafen, Alan, Grosberg, Rick, Grozinger, Christina M, Gouyon, Pierre-Henri, Gwynne, Darryl, Harvey, Paul H, Hatchwell, Ben J, Heinze, Jürgen, Helantera, Heikki, Helms, Ken R, Hill, Kim, Natalie, Jiricny, Johnstone, Rufus A, Kacelnik, Alex, Kiers, E Toby, Kokko, Hanna, Komdeur, Jan, Korb, Judith, Kronauer, Daniel, Kümmerli, Rolf, Lehmann, Laurent, Linksvayer, Timothy Arnold, Lion, Sébastien, Lyon, Bruce, Marshall, James A R, McElreath, Richard, Michalakis, Yannis, Michod, Richard E, Mock, Douglas, Monnin, Thibaud, Montgomerie, Robert, Moore, Allen J, Mueller, Ulrich G, Noë, Ronald, Okasha, Samir, Pamilo, Pekka, Parker, Geoff A, Pedersen, Jes Søe, Pen, Ido, Pfennig, David, Queller, David C, Rankin, Daniel J, Reece, Sarah E, Reeve, Hudson K, Reuter, Max, Roberts, Gilbert, Robson, Simon K A, Roze, Denis, Rousset, Francois, Rueppell, Olav, Sachs, Joel L, Santorelli, Lorenzo, Schmid-Hempel, Paul, Schwarz, Michael P, Scott-Phillips, Tom, Shellmann-Sherman, Janet, Sherman, Paul W, Shuker, David M, Smith, Jeff, Spagna, Joseph C, Strassmann, Beverly, Suarez, Andrew V, Sundström, Liselotte, Taborsky, Michael, Taylor, Peter, Thompson, Graham, Tooby, John, Tsutsui, Neil D, Tsuji, Kazuki, Turillazzi, Stefano, Ubeda, Francisco, Vargo, Edward L, Voelkl, Bernard, Wenseleers, Tom, West, Stuart A, West-Eberhard, Mary Jane, Westneat, David F, Wiernasz, Diane C, Wild, Geoff, Wrangham, Richard, Young, Andrew J, Zeh, David W, Zeh, Jeanne A, and Zink, Andrew

Abstract

Arising from M. A. Nowak, C. E. Tarnita & E. O. Wilson 466, 1057-1062 (2010); Nowak et al. reply. Nowak et al. argue that inclusive fitness theory has been of little value in explaining the natural world, and that it has led to negligible progress in explaining the evolution of eusociality. However, we believe that their arguments are based upon a misunderstanding of evolutionary theory and a misrepresentation of the empirical literature. We will focus our comments on three general issues.

Published
2011

11. The metapleural gland of ants

Author

Yek, Sze Huei, Mueller, Ulrich G, Yek, Sze Huei, and Mueller, Ulrich G

Abstract

The metapleural gland (MG) is a complex glandular structure unique to ants, suggesting a critical role in their origin and ecological success. We synthesize the current understanding of the adaptive function, morphology, evolutionary history, and chemical properties of the MG. Two functions of the MG, sanitation and chemical defence, have received the strongest empirical support; two additional possible functions, recognition odour and territorial marking, are less well supported. The design of the MG is unusual for insects; glandular secretions are stored in a rigid, non-compressible invagination of the integument and the secretion is thought to ooze out passively through the non-closable opening of the MG or is groomed off by the legs and applied to target surfaces. MG loss has occurred repeatedly among the ants, particularly in the subfamilies Formicinae and Myrmicinae, and the MG is more commonly absent in males than in workers. MG chemistry has been characterized mostly in derived ant lineages with unique biologies (e.g. leafcutter ants, fire ants), currently precluding any inferences about MG chemistry at the origin of the ants. A synthetic approach integrating functional morphology, phylogenetic transitions and chemical ecology of the MGs of both the derived and the unstudied early-branching (basal) ant lineages is needed to elucidate the evolutionary origin and diversification of the MG of ants.

Published
2011

12. Inclusive fitness theory and eusociality

Author

Abbot, Patrick, Abe, Jun, Alcock, John, Alizon, Samuel, Alpedrinha, Joao A C, Andersson, Malte, Andre, Jean-Baptiste, van Baalen, Minus, Balloux, Francois, Balshine, Sigal, Barton, Nick, Beukeboom, Leo W, Biernaskie, Jay M, Kofoed, Trine Bilde, Borgia, Gerald, Breed, Michael, Brown, Sam, Bshary, Redouan, Buckling, Angus, Burley, Nancy T, Burton-Chellew, Max N, Cant, Michael A, Chapuisat, Michel, Charnov, Eric L, Clutton-Brock, Tim, Cockburn, Andrew, Cole, Blaine J, Colegrave, Nick, Cosmides, Leda, Couzin, Iain D, Coyne, Jerry A, Creel, Scott, Crespi, Bernard, Curry, Robert L, Dall, Sasha R X, Day, Troy, Dickinson, Janis L, Dugatkin, Lee Alan, El Mouden, Claire, Emlen, Stephen T, Evans, Jay, Ferriere, Regis, Field, Jeremy, Foitzik, Susanne, Foster, Kevin, Foster, William A, Fox, Charles W, Gadau, Juergen, Gandon, Sylvain, Gardner, Andy, Gardner, Michael G, Getty, Thomas, Goodisman, Michael A D, Grafen, Alan, Grosberg, Rick, Grozinger, Christina M, Gouyon, Pierre-Henri, Gwynne, Darryl, Harvey, Paul H, Hatchwell, Ben J, Heinze, Jürgen, Helantera, Heikki, Helms, Ken R, Hill, Kim, Natalie, Jiricny, Johnstone, Rufus A, Kacelnik, Alex, Kiers, E Toby, Kokko, Hanna, Komdeur, Jan, Korb, Judith, Kronauer, Daniel, Kümmerli, Rolf, Lehmann, Laurent, Linksvayer, Timothy Arnold, Lion, Sébastien, Lyon, Bruce, Marshall, James A R, McElreath, Richard, Michalakis, Yannis, Michod, Richard E, Mock, Douglas, Monnin, Thibaud, Montgomerie, Robert, Moore, Allen J, Mueller, Ulrich G, Noë, Ronald, Okasha, Samir, Pamilo, Pekka, Parker, Geoff A, Pedersen, Jes Søe, Pen, Ido, Pfennig, David, Queller, David C, Rankin, Daniel J, Reece, Sarah E, Reeve, Hudson K, Reuter, Max, Roberts, Gilbert, Robson, Simon K A, Roze, Denis, Rousset, Francois, Rueppell, Olav, Sachs, Joel L, Santorelli, Lorenzo, Schmid-Hempel, Paul, Schwarz, Michael P, Scott-Phillips, Tom, Shellmann-Sherman, Janet, Sherman, Paul W, Shuker, David M, Smith, Jeff, Spagna, Joseph C, Strassmann, Beverly, Suarez, Andrew V, Sundström, Liselotte, Taborsky, Michael, Taylor, Peter, Thompson, Graham, Tooby, John, Tsutsui, Neil D, Tsuji, Kazuki, Turillazzi, Stefano, Ubeda, Francisco, Vargo, Edward L, Voelkl, Bernard, Wenseleers, Tom, West, Stuart A, West-Eberhard, Mary Jane, Westneat, David F, Wiernasz, Diane C, Wild, Geoff, Wrangham, Richard, Young, Andrew J, Zeh, David W, Zeh, Jeanne A, Zink, Andrew, Abbot, Patrick, Abe, Jun, Alcock, John, Alizon, Samuel, Alpedrinha, Joao A C, Andersson, Malte, Andre, Jean-Baptiste, van Baalen, Minus, Balloux, Francois, Balshine, Sigal, Barton, Nick, Beukeboom, Leo W, Biernaskie, Jay M, Kofoed, Trine Bilde, Borgia, Gerald, Breed, Michael, Brown, Sam, Bshary, Redouan, Buckling, Angus, Burley, Nancy T, Burton-Chellew, Max N, Cant, Michael A, Chapuisat, Michel, Charnov, Eric L, Clutton-Brock, Tim, Cockburn, Andrew, Cole, Blaine J, Colegrave, Nick, Cosmides, Leda, Couzin, Iain D, Coyne, Jerry A, Creel, Scott, Crespi, Bernard, Curry, Robert L, Dall, Sasha R X, Day, Troy, Dickinson, Janis L, Dugatkin, Lee Alan, El Mouden, Claire, Emlen, Stephen T, Evans, Jay, Ferriere, Regis, Field, Jeremy, Foitzik, Susanne, Foster, Kevin, Foster, William A, Fox, Charles W, Gadau, Juergen, Gandon, Sylvain, Gardner, Andy, Gardner, Michael G, Getty, Thomas, Goodisman, Michael A D, Grafen, Alan, Grosberg, Rick, Grozinger, Christina M, Gouyon, Pierre-Henri, Gwynne, Darryl, Harvey, Paul H, Hatchwell, Ben J, Heinze, Jürgen, Helantera, Heikki, Helms, Ken R, Hill, Kim, Natalie, Jiricny, Johnstone, Rufus A, Kacelnik, Alex, Kiers, E Toby, Kokko, Hanna, Komdeur, Jan, Korb, Judith, Kronauer, Daniel, Kümmerli, Rolf, Lehmann, Laurent, Linksvayer, Timothy Arnold, Lion, Sébastien, Lyon, Bruce, Marshall, James A R, McElreath, Richard, Michalakis, Yannis, Michod, Richard E, Mock, Douglas, Monnin, Thibaud, Montgomerie, Robert, Moore, Allen J, Mueller, Ulrich G, Noë, Ronald, Okasha, Samir, Pamilo, Pekka, Parker, Geoff A, Pedersen, Jes Søe, Pen, Ido, Pfennig, David, Queller, David C, Rankin, Daniel J, Reece, Sarah E, Reeve, Hudson K, Reuter, Max, Roberts, Gilbert, Robson, Simon K A, Roze, Denis, Rousset, Francois, Rueppell, Olav, Sachs, Joel L, Santorelli, Lorenzo, Schmid-Hempel, Paul, Schwarz, Michael P, Scott-Phillips, Tom, Shellmann-Sherman, Janet, Sherman, Paul W, Shuker, David M, Smith, Jeff, Spagna, Joseph C, Strassmann, Beverly, Suarez, Andrew V, Sundström, Liselotte, Taborsky, Michael, Taylor, Peter, Thompson, Graham, Tooby, John, Tsutsui, Neil D, Tsuji, Kazuki, Turillazzi, Stefano, Ubeda, Francisco, Vargo, Edward L, Voelkl, Bernard, Wenseleers, Tom, West, Stuart A, West-Eberhard, Mary Jane, Westneat, David F, Wiernasz, Diane C, Wild, Geoff, Wrangham, Richard, Young, Andrew J, Zeh, David W, Zeh, Jeanne A, and Zink, Andrew

Abstract

Arising from M. A. Nowak, C. E. Tarnita & E. O. Wilson 466, 1057-1062 (2010); Nowak et al. reply. Nowak et al. argue that inclusive fitness theory has been of little value in explaining the natural world, and that it has led to negligible progress in explaining the evolution of eusociality. However, we believe that their arguments are based upon a misunderstanding of evolutionary theory and a misrepresentation of the empirical literature. We will focus our comments on three general issues.

Published
2011

13. EVOLUTIONARY TRANSITIONS IN ENZYME ACTIVITY OF ANT FUNGUS GARDENS

Author

De Fine Licht, Henrik H, Schiøtt, Morten, Mueller, Ulrich G, Boomsma, Jacobus J, De Fine Licht, Henrik H, Schiøtt, Morten, Mueller, Ulrich G, and Boomsma, Jacobus J

Abstract

Udgivelsesdato: July 2010, Fungus-growing (attine) ants and their fungal symbionts passed through several evolutionary transitions during their 50 million year old evolutionary history. The basal attine lineages often shifted between two main cultivar clades, whereas the derived higher-attine lineages maintained an association with a monophyletic clade of specialized symbionts. In conjunction with the transition to specialized symbionts, the ants advanced in colony size and social complexity. Here we provide a comparative study of the functional specialization in extracellular enzyme activities in fungus gardens across the attine phylogeny. We show that, relative to sister clades, gardens of higher-attine ants have enhanced activity of protein-digesting enzymes, whereas gardens of leaf-cutting ants also have increased activity of starch-digesting enzymes. However, the enzyme activities of lower-attine fungus gardens are targeted primarily towards partial degradation of plant cell walls, reflecting a plesiomorphic state of non-domesticated fungi. The enzyme profiles of the higher-attine and leaf-cutting gardens appear particularly suited to digest fresh plant materials and to access nutrients from live cells without major break-down of cell-walls. The adaptive significance of the lower-attine symbiont shifts remains unclear. One of these shifts was obligate, but digestive advantages remained ambiguous, whereas the other remained facultative despite providing greater digestive efficiency.

Published
2010

14. EVOLUTIONARY TRANSITIONS IN ENZYME ACTIVITY OF ANT FUNGUS GARDENS

Author

De Fine Licht, Henrik H, Schiøtt, Morten, Mueller, Ulrich G, Boomsma, Jacobus J, De Fine Licht, Henrik H, Schiøtt, Morten, Mueller, Ulrich G, and Boomsma, Jacobus J

Abstract

Udgivelsesdato: July 2010, Fungus-growing (attine) ants and their fungal symbionts passed through several evolutionary transitions during their 50 million year old evolutionary history. The basal attine lineages often shifted between two main cultivar clades, whereas the derived higher-attine lineages maintained an association with a monophyletic clade of specialized symbionts. In conjunction with the transition to specialized symbionts, the ants advanced in colony size and social complexity. Here we provide a comparative study of the functional specialization in extracellular enzyme activities in fungus gardens across the attine phylogeny. We show that, relative to sister clades, gardens of higher-attine ants have enhanced activity of protein-digesting enzymes, whereas gardens of leaf-cutting ants also have increased activity of starch-digesting enzymes. However, the enzyme activities of lower-attine fungus gardens are targeted primarily towards partial degradation of plant cell walls, reflecting a plesiomorphic state of non-domesticated fungi. The enzyme profiles of the higher-attine and leaf-cutting gardens appear particularly suited to digest fresh plant materials and to access nutrients from live cells without major break-down of cell-walls. The adaptive significance of the lower-attine symbiont shifts remains unclear. One of these shifts was obligate, but digestive advantages remained ambiguous, whereas the other remained facultative despite providing greater digestive efficiency.

Published
2010

15. The Evolution of Agriculture in Insects

Author

Mueller, Ulrich G., Gerardo, Nicole M., Aanen, Duur Kornelis, Six, Diana L., Schultz, Ted R., Mueller, Ulrich G., Gerardo, Nicole M., Aanen, Duur Kornelis, Six, Diana L., and Schultz, Ted R.

Abstract

Udgivelsesdato: December 2005, Agriculture has evolved independently in three insect orders: once in ants, once in termites, and seven times in ambrosia beetles. Although these insect farmers are in some ways quite different from each other, in many more ways they are remarkably similar, suggesting convergent evolution. All propagate their cultivars as clonal monocultures within their nests and, in most cases, clonally across many farmer generations as well. Long-term clonal monoculture presents special problems for disease control, but insect farmers have evolved a combination of strategies to manage crop diseases: They (a) sequester their gardens from the environment; (b) monitor gardens intensively, controlling pathogens early in disease outbreaks; (c) occasionally access population-level reservoirs of genetically variable cultivars, even while propagating clonal monocultures across many farmer generations; and (d) manage, in addition to the primary cultivars, an array of "auxiliary" microbes providing disease suppression and other services. Rather than growing a single cultivar solely for nutrition, insect farmers appear to cultivate, and possibly "artificially select" for, integrated crop-microbe consortia. Indeed, crop domestication in the context of coevolving and codomesticated microbial consortia may explain the 50-million year old agricultural success of insect farmers.

Published
2005

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