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ObjectivesAnxiety and depression are relevant comorbidities in asthma, but, in Portugal and Spain, data on this topic are scarce. We assessed, in patients with asthma, the frequency of anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the European Quality of Life Five Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D); the level of agreement between these questionnaires, and the factors associated with these symptoms.MethodsThis is a secondary analysis of the INSPIRERS studies. A total of 614 adolescents and adults with persistent asthma (32.6 +/- 16.9 years, 64.7% female) were recruited from 30 primary care centres and 32 allergy, pulmonology and paediatric clinics. Demographic and clinical characteristics, HADS and EQ-5D were collected. A score >= 8 on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety/Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression or a positive answer to EQ-5D item 5 indicated the presence of these symptoms. Agreement was determined by Cohen's kappa. Two multivariable logistic regressions were built.ResultsAccording to HADS, 36% of the participants had symptoms of anxiety and 12% of depression. According to EQ-5D, 36% of the participants had anxiety/depression. The agreement between questionnaires in identifying anxiety/depression was moderate (k=0.55, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.62). Late asthma diagnosis, comorbidities and female gender were predictors of anxiety/depression, while better asthma control, health-related quality of life and perception of health were associated with lower odds for anxiety/depression.ConclusionAt least 1/3 of the patients with persistent asthma experience symptoms of anxiety/depression, showing the relevance of screening these disorders in patients with asthma. EQ-5D and HADS questionnaires showed a moderate agreement in the identification of anxiety/depression symptoms. The identified associated factors need to be further investigated in long-term studies.

Semantic priming has been studied for nearly 50 years across various experimental manipulations and theoretical frameworks. These studies provide insight into the cognitive underpinnings of semantic representations in both healthy and clinical populations; however, they have suffered from several issues including generally low sample sizes and a lack of diversity in linguistic implementations. Here, we will test the size and the variability of the semantic priming effect across ten languages by creating a large database of semantic priming values, based on an adaptive sampling procedure. Differences in response latencies between related word-pair conditions and unrelated word-pair conditions (i.e., difference score confidence interval is greater than zero) will allow quantifying evidence for semantic priming, whereas improvements in model fit with the addition of a random intercept for language will provide support for variability in semantic priming across languages.

The aim of this study was to determine how body composition parameters are modified in judo and wrestling. Both disciplines are organized by weight categories, this regularly leading to eating disorders and continuous dehydration in order to reach the needed competition weight. Also, this paper aims to understand whether there exist differences in this practice by gender and by sports discipline. A Biospace Inbody 230 system (CA, USA) was employed on a sample of 64 national elite judo and wrestling athletes from Spain and Portugal. Statistical analysis was performed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and student t tests, which analyze mean differences. The findings and conclusions of the study showed a higher number of dehydrated athletes than those in optimal values of hydration during the pre-competitive period. This condition pushes athletes’ body to constant efforts and changes, possibly determining a detrimental effect on their short- and long-term performance, both in training and competitions., El propósito de este estudio fue conocer cómo se modifican los parámetros de composición corporal en deportes como judo y lucha, ambos deportes divididos por categorías de peso en los cuales, de manera habitual se producen desórdenes alimentarios y continuas deshidrataciones para la búsqueda del peso de competición. Igualmente se trató de conocer si existían diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en esta práctica y diferencias entre ambos deportes. Para ello, se utilizó el sistema Inbody Biospace 230 (CA,USA) a una muestra de élite nacional de judo y lucha del equipo español y portugués de 64 deportistas (n=64). El análisis estadístico se ejecutó mediante las pruebas: Kolmogorov-Smirnov y t de students para analizarlas diferencias de medias. Los resultados y conclusiones del estudio demostraron entre otros, que el número de atletas que se encontraban deshidratados en el momento pre-competitivo es mayor que los que están en valores óptimos de hidratación, sometiendo al organismo a constantes esfuerzos y cambios, pudiendo ser este un efecto perjudicial a corto y largo plazo en el rendimiento para el atleta, tanto en el entrenamientos como para la propia competición.

Background: Studies have been conducted on the content and quality of Web-based information for patients who are interested in smoking cessation advice and for health care practitioners regarding the content of e-learning programs about tobacco cessation. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no such information about the quality of Web-based learning resources regarding smoking cessation dedicated to oral health professionals. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the quality of the content of webpages providing information about smoking cessation for oral health care professionals. Methods: Websites were identified using Google and Health on Net (HON) search engines using the terms: smoking cessation OR quit smoking OR stop smoking OR 3As OR 5As OR tobacco counselling AND dentistry OR dental clinic OR dentist OR dental hygienist OR oral health professionals. The first 100 consecutive results of the 2 search engines were considered for the study. Quality assessment was rated using the DISCERN questionnaire, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, and the HON seal. In addition, smoking cessation content on each site was assessed using an abbreviated version of the Smoke Treatment Scale (STS-C) and the Smoking Treatment Scale-Rating (STS-R). To assess legibility of the selected websites, the Flesch Reading Ease (FRES) and the Flesch-Kinkaid Reading Grade Level (FKRGL) were used. Websites were also classified into multimedia and nonmultimedia and friendly and nonfriendly usability. Results: Of the first 200 sites selected (100 of Google and 100 of HON), only 11 met the inclusion criteria and mainly belonged to governmental institutions (n=8), with the others being prepared by Professional Associations (n=2) and nonprofit organizations (n=1). Only 3 were exclusively dedicated to smoking cessation. The average score obtained with the DISCERN was 3.0, and the average score in the FKRGL and FRES was 13.31 (stand

Este estudio pretende demonstrar que la búsqueda por una Política Nacional de Asistencia Estudiantil, a nivel de política de Estado, es una ‘construcción histórica de varias manos’, destacándose las contribuciones que dos actores aquí estudiados, el Foro Nacional de Prorrectores de Asuntos Comunitarios y Estudiantiles (FONAPRACE) y la Unión Nacional de los Estudiantes (UNE), dieron para la constitución actual del Programa Nacional de Asistencia Estudiantil (PNAES), instituido por el Decreto nº 7.234, de 19 de julio de 2010. Se optó por la investigación bibliográfica y documental, para la construcción de este trabajo, buscando mostrar parte de la historia discontinua de la Educación brasileña, a fin de específicamente demonstrar algunas implicaciones que colaboraron para la no garantía de acceso, permanencia y conclusión de la graduación en enseñanza superior para la gran mayoría de la población brasileña. Se concluye en este trabajo que, a pesar de los avances conseguidos en la última década, mediante la presión de los movimientos sociales de educación, solamente en otro sistema político habrá, de hecho, reducción de las desigualdades presentes en el interior de las IFES., Current study demonstrates that a National Student Assistance Policy, within the policies of the state, is a ‘historical construction built by several agents’. Contributions by the National Forum of Pro-Rectors for Community and Student Affairs (FONAPRACE) and by the National Union of Students (UNE) are highlighted with regard to the constitution of the National Student Assistance Program (PNAES), established by Decree 7.234 of 19 July 2010. A bibliographical and documentary research has been undertaken for current research in which a section of the Brazilian’s education discontinued history has been brought forth to demonstrate specifically some implications that collaborated towards the negation of access, permanence and conclusion to university education for most of Brazilian population. Although great progress occurred during the last decade throughpressure by the educational social movements, the inequalities within the IFES will be reduced only in another type of political system., Este estudo busca demonstrar que a busca por uma Política Nacional de Assistência Estudantil, em nível de política de Estado, é uma ‘construção histórica de várias mãos’, destacando-se as contribuições que dois atores aqui estudados, o Fórum Nacional de Pró-Reitores de Assuntos Comunitários e Estudantis (FONAPRACE) e a União Nacional dos Estudantes (UNE) deram para a constituição atual do Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil (PNAES), instituído pelo Decreto nº 7.234, de 19 de julho de 2010. Optou-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, para a construção deste trabalho, buscando mostrar parte da história descontínua da Educação brasileira, a fim de especificamente demonstrar algumas implicações que colaboraram para a não garantia de acesso, permanência e conclusão da graduação em ensino superior para a grande maioria da população brasileira. Conclui-se neste trabalho que, apesar dos avanços conseguidos na última década, por meio da pressão dos movimentos sociais de educação, somente em outro sistema político haverá, de fato, redução das desigualdades presentes no seio das IFES.

Impact f morphology, strength and potency of lower limbs in futsal professional athletesObjectives: (1) To identify morphological and functional differences of athletes from teams with different performances; (2) To study the association between morphological attributes, strength and power of lower limbs with agility; and (3) identify the attributes that allow predicting the performance evaluation of agility. Methods: The participants were 25 professional athletes, two Portuguese elite teams (1) Group 1, athletes ranked in 1st place (n = 12) team; and (2) Group 2, athletes ranked in 14th place (n = 13) team. The athletes were evaluated on two dimensions: (1) morphology (height, body mass, relative fat mass, FM %); and (2) strength and power of the lower limbs (vertical jumps: Squat jump, SJ, countermovement jump, CMJ), and agility test (zig-zag). Results: (1) No significant differences were observed between performance groups; and (2) considering all participants, there were significant correlations between performance on the agility test and weight (r = 0.495, p = 0.012) and% BF (r = 0.471, p = 0.017). Finally, linear regression has revealed that 38.7% of the variation in performance of these athletes, in agility test, can be explained by the relative fat mass (48%, p = 0.006), age (36%, p = 0.015) and average power of SJ (16%, p> 0,05). Conclusions: In Futsal elite athletes, (1) the age and morphology appear to have significant effect on agility; and (2) the power of the lower limbs determine by vertical jumps, have an explanatory weak power of results in zig-zag test., Objetivos: (1) identificar diferenças morfológicas e funcionais de atletas de equipas com rendimentos diferenciados; (2) estudar a associação entre os atributos morfológicos, força e potência dos membros inferiores com a agilidade; e (3) identificar os atributos que permitem predizer o desempenho na avaliação da agilidade. Materiais e métodos: Participaram 25 atletas seniores (profissionais), de duas equipas de elite portuguesas, (1) Grupo 1, atletas da equipa classificada em 1º lugar (n = 12); e (2) Grupo 2, atletas da equipa classificada em 14º lugar (n = 13). Os atletas foram avaliados em duas dimensões: (1) morfologia (altura total; massa corporal; massa gorda relativa, %MG); e (2) força e potência dos membros inferiores (saltos verticais: Squat jump, SJ; Countermovement jump, CMJ), e agilidade (teste de zig-zag). Resultados: (1) Não se observaram diferenças significativas entre grupos de performance; e (2) considerando todos os participantes, observaram-se correlações significativas entre o desempenho no teste de agilidade e o peso (r = 0,495, p = 0,012) e %MG (r = 0,471, p = 0,017). Por último, a regressão linear revelou que 38.7% da variação do desempenho dos atletas no teste de agilidade pode ser explicada pela massa gorda relativa (48%; p = 0,006), idade (36%; p = 0,015) e potência média do SJ (16%; p > 0,05). Conclusão: Em atletas de elite de futsal, (1) a idade e a morfologia parecem ter efeito significativo sobre a agilidade; e (2) a potência dos membros inferiores avaliada por saltos verticais, têm um fraco poder explicativo do resultado no teste zig-zag.

O combate ou luta de judo carateriza-se por uma relação de oposição entre dois indivíduos que lutam corpo a corpo para aplicar técnicas específicas de forma a garantir pontuação, projetando/derrubando o adversário de costas no solo ou finalizando com uma técnica de controlo (imobilização, luxação ou estrangulamento). Durante a luta, o judoca atacante pode rapidamente passar para a defesa, e vice-versa, pois o judo é um “jogo” de constante equilíbrio e desequilíbrio, ação e reação. É uma modalidade acíclica (aberta) que permite uma variabilidade de gestos técnicos complexos de elevada coordenação na sua execução, traduzindo-se assim como um desporto dinâmico e de “esforço intermitente que requer competências técnicas complexas e que prima pela excelência tática na obtenção do êxito desportivo” (Henry, 2011). Durante o combate são realizadas múltiplas ações máximas e explosivas de curta duração (20-30 segundos), com interrupções a cada 5-10 segundos. A duração média de uma luta de judo é de 7.18 (0.2) minutos (Degoutte et al., 2003), sendo a relação entre trabalho e descanso de 2:1 e 3:1 (Pulkkinen, 2001).Os judocas utilizam pegas no judogi (fato de judo) para aplicação das técnicas, sendo as ações de puxar e empurrar o adversário uma constante. Existem diversos estudos realizados que referem a importância da força e da potência dos braços no rendimento desta modalidade (Garcia Garcia 2012; Monteiro et al. 2009 e 2011; Franchini et al. 1999). Iremos assim analisar os músculos envolvidos nas ações de puxar e empurrar no judo através de um método não invasivo, a Tensiomiografia (TMG). Serão também realizadas avaliações de Força, Potência e Taxa de Produção de Força em exercícios de Supino e Remada através do Isocontrol, procurando a existência ou não de uma correlação com os dados registados com a TMG.Objetivo: Neste projeto de estudo de mestrado pretende-se analisar as propriedades contráteis dos músculos que envolvem as ações de puxar e de empurrar em judocas do sexo

[EN] Judo is a sport that is constantly evolving. Rule modifications and changes in tactical strategies have enhanced scoring opportunities and reduced penalties. This study analyzed the evolution of the temporal structure of combat through an assessment of the total match time (TMT), time engaged in combat (CT), time without (TWOG) and with grip (TWG), pause time (PT), the percentage of combat time in tachi-waza and combat in ne-waza, and the frequency of combat/tactical/technical actions/tasks. Data were descriptively analyzed overtime during the 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2017 World Championships and the 2016 Olympic Games. Data from 3,084 male and female matches across weight and gender categories were collapsed and used to compare the TMT, CT, TWOG, TWG, PT, and frequency of tactical actions over time and by competition phase (i.e., qualifiers, quarterfinals, recaps, semi-finals, bronze and finals). There were several temporal changes that occurred due to the rules modifications. The TMT increased by 3.6% over the sampling period for all competition phases. Regarding the duration of combat activities, relative to TMT: 25% was spent in PT (M PT = 8.9 s); 36% (M TWG = 9.6 s) was spent in TWG; 25% (M = 7.3 s) was spent in TWOG; 15% was spent in ne-waza(M = 7.7 s per action). With the changes of the rules in 2017, there was a Golden Point Score increase of 25% in the total number of combat; in relation to the competition phase, there was a 50% increase in the total number of combat activities. There was also a 15% increase in the number of actions in the competition final phase. There was some variation of the time structure of the combat, namely in the total time of the fighting and Golden Point, as a consequence of the change of the Referee rule changes.

[EN] Training programs designed to improve strength in grappling and punching combat sports’ athletes have become particularly relevant.

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The past and present status, ecology and conservation of the Azores seabirds were analysed. Historical population trends inferred from 16th and 17th century chronicles indicate dramatic declines for most species. Current community structure and functioning were reviewed and updated to provide a framework for their use as monitors of mercury in the marine environment. Ecological segregation among Procellariiformes involves partitioning between epipelagic and mesopelagic food resources. A review of mercury in seabirds was undertaken. Mercury dynamics and factors causing inter- and intra-specific variations in mercury concentrations are discussed. Methodological considerations relating to the use of seabird tissues as monitors for mercury are discussed and recent studies on geographical and temporal changes are summarised. The breeding biology of Madeiran storm petrel Oceanodroma castro in the Azores was studied. Two dimorphic and temporally segregated populations (hot and cool seasons) breed annually and sympatrically on Graciosa island. The hot season birds are 10% smaller in egg and body mass but are longer-winged and longer-tailed than cool season birds. The two groups were readily separated by discriminant analysis, with over 85% of the individuals being correctly assigned to the population they belong. Possible ecological constraints and adaptations promoting divergence are discussed. These populations may represent a case of sympatric speciation with time as the isolating mechanism. The moult phenology of adult Cory's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea borealis overlaps a great extent with the breeding season. Primary renewal starts five weeks after peak hatching and seven weeks before peak fledging. Such an overlap of wing moult and breeding has never before been described in a pelagic and highly migratory seabird such as the Cory's Shearwater. Intra-specific variations of mercury concentrations in tissues of seabirds from the Portuguese Atlantic were analysed, pr