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Ulu Bendul Forest Eco Park is a popular destination among tourists whether domestic or international. It is situated in the state of Negeri Sembilan and is relatively near to Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. In recent years, online reviews and comments by visitors to the park have been somewhat negative, however, there is no empirical study as of yet that investigates the satisfaction levels among visitors. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the satisfaction level among visitors of Ulu Bendul Forest Eco Park towards the existing facilities provided in the park. This study used an adapted version of the Customer Satisfaction Index to identify satisfaction levels among visitors dubbed the Visitor Satisfaction Index (VSI). The method for data collection is convenience sampling. A total of 150 respondents were surveyed between March and June 2020. After analysis, respondents were categorized into three groups based on their satisfaction index: low, intermediate and high satisfaction levels. Results indicate that the group with intermediate satisfaction level is highest in frequency among visitors, and this suggests that there are opportunities for improvement in terms of facilities in Ulu Bendul Forest Eco Park. Results also showed that the swimming pool and signage need improvement.

Ulu Bendul Forest Eco Park is a popular destination among tourists whether domestic or international. It is situated in the state of Negeri Sembilan and is relatively near to Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. In recent years, online reviews and comments by visitors to the park have been somewhat negative, however, there is no empirical study as of yet that investigates the satisfaction levels among visitors. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the satisfaction level among visitors of Ulu Bendul Forest Eco Park towards the existing facilities provided in the park. This study used an adapted version of the Customer Satisfaction Index to identify satisfaction levels among visitors dubbed the Visitor Satisfaction Index (VSI). The method for data collection is convenience sampling. A total of 150 respondents were surveyed between March and June 2020. After analysis, respondents were categorized into three groups based on their satisfaction index: low, intermediate and high satisfaction levels. Results indicate that the group with intermediate satisfaction level is highest in frequency among visitors, and this suggests that there are opportunities for improvement in terms of facilities in Ulu Bendul Forest Eco Park. Results also showed that the swimming pool and signage need improvement.

This research examined the psychological (perceived restoratives, emotion, stress, and mood) and physiological (blood pressure readings) effects of short-range visits to urban environments. Ninety participants visited two urban areas; Bukit Jalil Urban Park (a green space) and Bukit Jalil Urban Street (an urban a built-up city centre as a controlled environment) located in a tropical city Kuala Lumpur. Participants took a 20-minute leisure walk along the given routes in both the study areas. The findings indicate that the urban park has had an overall rehabilitative impact in contrast to the built-up environment. Overall, the positive emotion has increased, and mood disturbance has decreased in the metropolitan green area after the field experiment. The findings demonstrate that even short-term visits to urban parks decidedly influence stress reduction compared to an urban built-up city centre. However, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased insignificantly after walking in the park. Similar variables such as their mental and physiological measures on other urban societies (i.e., working adults, population with hypertension, and their encounters) concerning the effect of a short walk with green ecology should be studied further.

This research examined the psychological (perceived restoratives, emotion, stress, and mood) and physiological (blood pressure readings) effects of short-range visits to urban environments. Ninety participants visited two urban areas; Bukit Jalil Urban Park (a green space) and Bukit Jalil Urban Street (an urban a built-up city centre as a controlled environment) located in a tropical city Kuala Lumpur. Participants took a 20-minute leisure walk along the given routes in both the study areas. The findings indicate that the urban park has had an overall rehabilitative impact in contrast to the built-up environment. Overall, the positive emotion has increased, and mood disturbance has decreased in the metropolitan green area after the field experiment. The findings demonstrate that even short-term visits to urban parks decidedly influence stress reduction compared to an urban built-up city centre. However, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures decreased insignificantly after walking in the park. Similar variables such as their mental and physiological measures on other urban societies (i.e., working adults, population with hypertension, and their encounters) concerning the effect of a short walk with green ecology should be studied further.

This study explores physiological and psychological effects of urban green space by using measurements and self-reported psychological responses to an urban park compared to a city environment. Participants of this study were 20 homogenous male students. Taman Botani Perdana, an urban park in Kuala Lumpur, and Jalan Bukit Bintang, a commercial district in the city centre were chosen as the study areas for this study. On the first day, the participants went to Taman Botani Perdana, and to Jalan Bukit Bintang on the second day. In both areas, the participants were instructed to walk along a given route for 20 minutes. Saliva samples were collected before and after walking in both areas along with blood pressure measurements. Self-reported physiological responses were measured before and after each walking session. Results indicated that salivary cortisol concentration significantly increased in the city, whereas no significant change was found in the urban park. Diastolic blood pressure significantly reduced after walking in the urban park. In terms of psychological responses, Total Mood Disturbance among the participants were significantly lower when they were in the urban park compared to the city. Meanwhile, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) showed that positive effect significantly increased after walking in the urban park, whereas the participants' positive effects significantly reduced after walking in the city. These results indicate that urban green space has positive benefits physiologically and psychologically compared to urban environment.

This study explores physiological and psychological effects of urban green space by using measurements and self-reported psychological responses to an urban park compared to a city environment. Participants of this study were 20 homogenous male students. Taman Botani Perdana, an urban park in Kuala Lumpur, and Jalan Bukit Bintang, a commercial district in the city centre were chosen as the study areas for this study. On the first day, the participants went to Taman Botani Perdana, and to Jalan Bukit Bintang on the second day. In both areas, the participants were instructed to walk along a given route for 20 minutes. Saliva samples were collected before and after walking in both areas along with blood pressure measurements. Self-reported physiological responses were measured before and after each walking session. Results indicated that salivary cortisol concentration significantly increased in the city, whereas no significant change was found in the urban park. Diastolic blood pressure significantly reduced after walking in the urban park. In terms of psychological responses, Total Mood Disturbance among the participants were significantly lower when they were in the urban park compared to the city. Meanwhile, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) showed that positive effect significantly increased after walking in the urban park, whereas the participants' positive effects significantly reduced after walking in the city. These results indicate that urban green space has positive benefits physiologically and psychologically compared to urban environment.

This study explores the physiological and psychological effects of urban green space by using stress as a determinant of well-being. This study also aims to provide scientific evidence supporting the use of urban green space as a method to relieve stress. The subjects of this study were 20 male students which their homogeneity was controlled. The study area chosen for this study was Taman Botani Perdana, Kuala Lumpur and Jalan Bukit Bintang was used as a control area. The first day the participants went to Taman Botani Perdana and on the second day to Jalan Bukit Bintang. Participants were asked to walk along a given route in both areas in which the time was set similarly in both areas (20 minutes). Saliva samples were collected before and after walking in both areas along with blood pressure measurements. In addition, psychometric tests namely the Profile of Mood States (POMS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Restoration Outcome Scale were done to identify the psychological effects of urban green space use. The results indicated that salivary cortisol concentration levels among participants in the urban green space is significantly lower than the participants in the city. Blood pressure readings also showed a significant decrease in value among participants in UGS for diastolic pressure. In the Restoration Outcome Scale (ROS), participants in the UGS setting reported a higher score for all six statements in the scale compared to the City setting with a significance of p < 0.01. The POMS test indicated a clear distinction between the restorative effects of urban green space and city as the Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) of participants in the urban green space showed negative in value while participants in the city showed positive TMD. Perceived Stress scores in the urban green space is significantly higher in mean value compared to the city setting in both before and after period. When summing the scores of positive

This study explores the physiological and psychological effects of urban green space by using stress as a determinant of well-being. This study also aims to provide scientific evidence supporting the use of urban green space as a method to relieve stress. The subjects of this study were 20 male students which their homogeneity was controlled. The study area chosen for this study was Taman Botani Perdana, Kuala Lumpur and Jalan Bukit Bintang was used as a control area. The first day the participants went to Taman Botani Perdana and on the second day to Jalan Bukit Bintang. Participants were asked to walk along a given route in both areas in which the time was set similarly in both areas (20 minutes). Saliva samples were collected before and after walking in both areas along with blood pressure measurements. In addition, psychometric tests namely the Profile of Mood States (POMS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Restoration Outcome Scale were done to identify the psychological effects of urban green space use. The results indicated that salivary cortisol concentration levels among participants in the urban green space is significantly lower than the participants in the city. Blood pressure readings also showed a significant decrease in value among participants in UGS for diastolic pressure. In the Restoration Outcome Scale (ROS), participants in the UGS setting reported a higher score for all six statements in the scale compared to the City setting with a significance of p < 0.01. The POMS test indicated a clear distinction between the restorative effects of urban green space and city as the Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) of participants in the urban green space showed negative in value while participants in the city showed positive TMD. Perceived Stress scores in the urban green space is significantly higher in mean value compared to the city setting in both before and after period. When summing the scores of positive

Plants, water, air and other nature elements embedded in a forest of an urban green space give a different mind evaluation or perception. Generally, each socio-demographic group shares different thoughts and views on green area. Their interpretation varies according to their assumption, knowledge, exposure and experience.

Plants, water, air and other nature elements embedded in a forest of an urban green space give a different mind evaluation or perception. Generally, each socio-demographic group shares different thoughts and views on green area. Their interpretation varies according to their assumption, knowledge, exposure and experience.

The romance of birds are expressed and manifested in how they impress and attract their love counterparts. The colourful males such as the peacock (Pavo cristatus) and the golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) would undergo detailed grooming to ensure flawless appearance to impress the beloved in the competitive world of the wild. The males of certain species would pour their dedication and effort to build the mating court as splendid as a castle to invite the queen of their heart such as shown by the bowerbird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus) and the baya weaver (Ploceus philippinus).

The romance of birds are expressed and manifested in how they impress and attract their love counterparts. The colourful males such as the peacock (Pavo cristatus) and the golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) would undergo detailed grooming to ensure flawless appearance to impress the beloved in the competitive world of the wild. The males of certain species would pour their dedication and effort to build the mating court as splendid as a castle to invite the queen of their heart such as shown by the bowerbird (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus) and the baya weaver (Ploceus philippinus).