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Collaborative consumption (CC) has transformed the way people consume goods and/or services nowadays. With the information communication technology (ICT), CC platforms connect the users to trade services and products. On the one side of the platform consists with consumers, on the other side of the platform consists with services and/or product providers. The increased popularity of the CC platforms has challenged many traditional incumbents. Several attempts have been made to address the issues, such as the social and economic impacts, drivers of CC, the attributes of the users and characteristics of the CC model. Nevertheless, limited research attention has explored how social trust and self-efficacy could affect people's intention to participate in collaborative consumption, hence failing to explain how collaborative consumption could be promoted in society to support community building and the resource-saving consumption culture. To address this research gap, this study proposes a comprehensive framework that explains how social trust and self-efficacy drive users' purchase purchase intentionin CC. The framework also investigates the antecedents of social trust through system quality, shared goals, social referral and network stability, whereas the antecedents of self-efficacy include social referral and shared goals. Employing partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and importance-performance matrix (IPMA), with data collected from 373 respondents using TaskRabbit, a skill-based exchange collaborative consumption platform. The findings from this study reveal that both social trust and self-efficacy play vital roles in determining user's purchase intention in CC. Social referral, system quality, and shared goals were found to positively affect social trust and self-efficacy. In particular, shared goals is proven as the strongest antecedent in determining social trust and self-efficacy, highlighting its relevance in promoting collaborative consumption. This study is the first to introduce and empirically test the effects of social referral on individuals' self-efficacy. The framework developed in the study provides new insights into the understanding of social trust and self-efficacy in CC, leading to practical managerial implications for collaborative consumption platforms and firms.

Physical education (PE) for pupils with special educational needs (SEN) is an important contemporary issue for primary teachers and other practitioners. In particular, how they are to include pupils with SEN in their classroom activity is a processing concern. This study is concerned essentially with how policy influences the ability of teachers to deal with SEN' pupils in PE. It explores the relationships between education policy on SEN and its implementation within PE when SEN pupils are placed in mainstream school settings. The main aims of this thesis are to explore how 'equality' and 'inclusion' are expressed in legislation, for example the National Curriculum in England and the Grade 1- 9 Curriculum Guidelines in Taiwan, and how teachers, local education authority (LEA) Advisors, pupils with physical disability and their parents interpret policy and engage in practice for SEN. The findings of the study are intended to provide guidance on education policy needed to promote 'inclusion' and connect SEN policy and its implementation within PE. This thesis develops and utilizes a theoretical model to illustrate the 'flow' of policy from government to schools. This framework has followed Bernstein's (1990) assertion that knowledge is produced and reproduced at different sites of practice and that 'discourses' are recontextualized in each. Qualitative research methods were used to explore these relationships. The research fields were located in the Midlands in England and in the North of Taiwan and investigate LEAs and primary schools. The research employed interviews, documentary analysis and observation to explore policy and its implementation for SEN pupils from not only a 'macro' but also a 'micro' perspective. Accordingly, this thesis has explored the relationships between teachers, the learning support assistants (LSA), pupils with physical disability and their activities in PE classrooms in order to throw light on processes of inclusion within PE and the difficulties associated with policy implementation for pupils with physical disability. The findings suggest that the implementation of SEN policy within PE was driven by ideals of inclusion and attempted to achieve equality. However, SEN policy and its implementation was rendered difficult by the production and reproduction of particular understandings of inclusion, and inadequate provision (training and resource) for teachers to deal with SEN pupils in PE. Compared with teachers in England, PE teachers in Taiwan seemed to be more 'able' to include SEN pupils in PE as they were less regulated by National Curriculum texts.

This thesis is concerned with the application of enhancer trap technology to illustrate the structures of Drosophila brain and identify the genes relevant to the central complex function in the brain. Over 1400 novel enhancer trap lines bearing P[GAL4] insertions were generated by genetic crosses and they were then screened for GAL4-directed beta-gal expression in cryostat sections of the Drosophila head. More than 300 lines display interesting patterns in the brain from an anatomical perspective. Of these, as many as 100 are more or less restricted to specific regions or neuronal sub-populations of brain. Particularly exciting are lines that express GAL4 in the mushroom bodies and the central complex, structures that have been implicated in associative learning and memory. For most of lines, the chromosomal locations of P[GAL4] insertions were identified by in situ hybridisation to polytene chromosomes. P[GAL4] expression patterns have suggested multiple roles for certain Drosophila brain structures in integration of signals. In the mushroom bodies, the blue staining patterns have revealed axonal processes corresponding to Kenyon cells and showed that the Drosophila mushroom bodies are compound neuropils in which parallel subcomponents exhibit discrete patterns of gene expression. A strong prediction that different sub-sets of Kenyon cells perform different functional roles is made. In the ellipsoid body of the central complex, four different ring structures are revealed by P[GAL4] expression patterns. Developmental analysis indicates that the lacZ expression in the central complex lines begins at early pupal stages to the adults. The central complex of the Drosophila brain has been shown to act as a higher centre for locomotor activity and other behaviours. To identify the genes relevant to central complex function, seven P[GAL4] enhancer trap lines with staining patterns specific to the central complex were selected. Genomic DNAs flanking each insertion site were cloned by plasmid rescue. Rescued genomic DNAs from some of lines were used as probes for screening a cDNA head library. Corresponding cDNA clones were isolated. In the case of line c507, P[GAL4] staining is restricted to the ellipsoid body of the central complex of brain and to the Malpighian tubules in the Drosophila. Three genes, two located downstream and one upstream of the P[GAL4] element, are identified. Sequencing of a 1.8 kb cDNA clone from pMY51 which is located downstream of the P[GAL4] reveals a protein with significant homology to the alkaline phosphatase gene family in other organisms. The other cDNA clone, closely linked with pMY51, represented by pMY8 is sequenced and a full length predicted amino acid sequence identified. It has head-elevated expression as judged by Northern blot analysis. The gene which is located upstream of the P[GAL4] element is identified as calcineurin Al, the Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase. in situ hybridisation to tissue sections using cDNA probe generated from a whole insert of pMY51 reveals that the gene has expression patterns in the cell bodies of the ellipsoid body and the Malpighian tubules consistent with the X-Gal staining. Results indicate that the Drosophila "alkaline phosphatase" enhancer is trapped and the corresponding gene has been cloned by enhancer trap approach.