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22 results on '"McField M"'

1. Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites

Author

Simon-Delso, N, Amaral-Rogers, V, Belzunces, L. P, Bonmatin, J. M, Chagnon, Madeleine, Downs, C. A, Furlan, L, Gibbons, D. W, Giorio, C, Girolami, V, Goulson, D, Kreutzweiser, David. P, Krupke, C, Liess, M, Long, E, McField, M, Mineau, Pierre, Mitchell, Edward A. D, Morrissey, Christy A, Noome Dominique A, Pisa, L, Settele, J, Stark, J. D, Tapparo, A, Van Dyck, H, van Praagh, J, Van der Sluijs, Jeroen P, Whitehorn, P. R, Wiemers, M, Simon-Delso, N, Amaral-Rogers, V, Belzunces, L. P, Bonmatin, J. M, Chagnon, Madeleine, Downs, C. A, Furlan, L, Gibbons, D. W, Giorio, C, Girolami, V, Goulson, D, Kreutzweiser, David. P, Krupke, C, Liess, M, Long, E, McField, M, Mineau, Pierre, Mitchell, Edward A. D, Morrissey, Christy A, Noome Dominique A, Pisa, L, Settele, J, Stark, J. D, Tapparo, A, Van Dyck, H, van Praagh, J, Van der Sluijs, Jeroen P, Whitehorn, P. R, and Wiemers, M

Abstract

Since their discovery in the late 1980s, neonicotinoid pesticides have become the most widely used class of insecticides worldwide, with large-scale applications ranging from plant protection (crops, vegetables, fruits), veterinary products, and biocides to invertebrate pest control in fish farming. In this review, we address the phenyl-pyrazole fipronil together with neonicotinoids because of similarities in their toxicity, physicochemical profiles, and presence in the environment. Neonicotinoids and fipronil currently account for approximately one third of the world insecticide market; the annual world production of the archetype neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, was estimated to be ca. 20,000 tonnes active substance in 2010. There were several reasons for the initial success of neonicotinoids and fipronil: (1) there was no known pesticide resistance in target pests, mainly because of their recent development, (2) their physicochemical properties included many advantages over previous generations of insecticides (i.e., organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, etc.), and (3) they shared an assumed reduced operator and consumer risk. Due to their systemic nature, they are taken up by the roots or leaves and translocated to all parts of the plant, which, in turn, makes them effectively toxic to herbivorous insects. The toxicity persists for a variable period of time—depending on the plant, its growth stage, and the amount of pesticide applied. A wide variety of applications are available, including the most common prophylactic non-Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) application by seed coating. As a result of their extensive use and physicochemical properties, these substances can be found in all environmental compartments including soil, water, and air. Neonicotinoids and fipronil operate by disrupting neural transmission in the central nervous system of invertebrates. Neonicotinoids mimic the action of neurotransmitters, while fipronil inhibits neuronal receptors. In do

Published
2018

2. Conclusions of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment on the risks of neonicotinoids and fipronil to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning

Author

van der Sluijs, J. P, Amaral-Rogers, V, Belzunces, L. P, Bijleveld van Lexmond, Maarten Frank Iman Jacobus, Bonmatin, J. M, Chagnon, M, Downs, C. A, Furlan, L, Gibbons, D. W, Giorio, C, Girolami, V, Goulson, D, Kreutzweiser, D. P, Krupke, C, Liess, M, Long, E, McField, M, Mineau, Pierre, Mitchell, Edward A. D, Morrissey, C. A, Noome D. A, Pisa, L, Settele, J, Simon-Delso, N, Stark, J. D, Tapparo, A, Van Dyck, H, van Praagh, J, Whitehorn, P. R, Wiemers, M, van der Sluijs, J. P, Amaral-Rogers, V, Belzunces, L. P, Bijleveld van Lexmond, Maarten Frank Iman Jacobus, Bonmatin, J. M, Chagnon, M, Downs, C. A, Furlan, L, Gibbons, D. W, Giorio, C, Girolami, V, Goulson, D, Kreutzweiser, D. P, Krupke, C, Liess, M, Long, E, McField, M, Mineau, Pierre, Mitchell, Edward A. D, Morrissey, C. A, Noome D. A, Pisa, L, Settele, J, Simon-Delso, N, Stark, J. D, Tapparo, A, Van Dyck, H, van Praagh, J, Whitehorn, P. R, and Wiemers, M

Published
2018

3. Baseline shifts in coral skeletal oxygen isotopic composition: a signature of symbiont shuffling?

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Garren, Melissa S., McField, M., Carilli, J. E., Charles, C. D., Norris, R. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Garren, Melissa S., McField, M., Carilli, J. E., Charles, C. D., and Norris, R. D.

Abstract

Decades-long records of the stable isotopic composition of coral skeletal cores were analyzed from four sites on the Mesoamerican Reef. Two of the sites exhibited baseline shifts in oxygen isotopic composition after known coral bleaching events. Changes in pH at the calcification site caused by a change in the associated symbiont community are invoked to explain the observed shift in the isotopic composition. To test the hypothesis that changes in symbiont clade could affect skeletal chemistry, additional coral samples were collected from Belize for paired Symbiodinium identification and skeletal stable isotopic analysis. We found some evidence that skeletal stable isotopic composition may be affected by symbiont clade and suggest this is an important topic for future investigation. If different Symbiodinium clades leave consistent signatures in skeletal geochemical composition, the signature will provide a method to quantify past symbiont shuffling events, important for understanding how corals are likely to respond to climate change.

Published
2016

4. Erratum to: Baseline shifts in coral skeletal oxygen isotopic composition: a signature of symbiont shuffling?

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Garren, Melissa S., McField, M., Carilli, J. E., Charles, C. D., Norris, R. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Garren, Melissa S., McField, M., Carilli, J. E., Charles, C. D., and Norris, R. D.

Abstract

This erratum is published as acknowledgement was missing in the original publication., National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Graduate Research Fellowship), Robert and Patricia Switzer Foundation

Published
2016

5. Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates: Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Author

Pisa, L.W., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Downs, C.A., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., McField, M., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Van Dyck, H., Wiemers, M., Pisa, L.W., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Downs, C.A., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., McField, M., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Van Dyck, H., and Wiemers, M.

Abstract

We assessed the state of knowledge regarding the effects of large-scale pollution with neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on non-target invertebrate species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. A large section of the assessment is dedicated to the state of knowledge on sublethal effects on honeybees (Apis mellifera) because this important pollinator is the most studied non-target invertebrate species. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Lumbricidae (earthworms), Apoidae sensu lato (bumblebees, solitary bees) and the section “other invertebrates” review available studies on the other terrestrial species. The sections on freshwater and marine species are rather short as little is known so far about the impact of neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on the diverse invertebrate fauna of these widely exposed habitats.

Published
2015

6. Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites: Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Author

Simon-Delso, N., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C.H., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Whitehorn, P.R., Wiemers, M., Simon-Delso, N., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C.H., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Whitehorn, P.R., and Wiemers, M.

Abstract

Since their discovery in the late 1980s, neonicotinoid pesticides have become the most widely used class of insecticides worldwide, with large-scale applications ranging from plant protection (crops, vegetables, fruits), veterinary products, and biocides to invertebrate pest control in fish farming. In this review, we address the phenyl-pyrazole fipronil together with neonicotinoids because of similarities in their toxicity, physicochemical profiles, and presence in the environment. Neonicotinoids and fipronil currently account for approximately one third of the world insecticide market; the annual world production of the archetype neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, was estimated to be ca. 20,000 tonnes active substance in 2010. There were several reasons for the initial success of neonicotinoids and fipronil: (1) there was no known pesticide resistance in target pests, mainly because of their recent development, (2) their physicochemical properties included many advantages over previous generations of insecticides (i.e., organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, etc.), and (3) they shared an assumed reduced operator and consumer risk. Due to their systemic nature, they are taken up by the roots or leaves and translocated to all parts of the plant, which, in turn, makes them effectively toxic to herbivorous insects. The toxicity persists for a variable period of time— depending on the plant, its growth stage, and the amount of pesticide applied. Awide variety of applications are available, including the most common prophylactic non-Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) application by seed coating. As a result of their extensive use and physicochemical properties, these substances can be found in all environmental compartments including soil, water, and air. Neonicotinoids and fipronil operate by disrupting neural transmission in the central nervous system o

Published
2015

7. Conclusions of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment on the risks of neonicotinoids and fipronil to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Author

van der Sluijs, J.P., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bijleveld van Lexmond, M.F.I.J., Bonmatin, J-M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., van Praagh, J., Whitehorn, P.R., Wiemers, M., van der Sluijs, J.P., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bijleveld van Lexmond, M.F.I.J., Bonmatin, J-M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., van Praagh, J., Whitehorn, P.R., and Wiemers, M.

Abstract

The side effects of the current global use of pesticides on wildlife, particularly at higher levels of biological organization: populations, communities and ecosystems, are poorly understood (Köhler and Triebskorn 2013). Here, we focus on one of the problematic groups of agrochemicals, the systemic insecticides fipronil and those of the neonicotinoid family. The increasing global reliance on the partly prophylactic use of these persistent and potent neurotoxic systemic insecticides has raised concerns about their impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services provided by a wide range of affected species and environments. The present scale of use, combinedwith the properties of these compounds, has resulted in widespread contamination of agricultural soils, freshwater resources, wetlands, non-target vegetation and estuarine and coastal marine systems, which means that many organisms inhabiting these habitats are being repeatedly and chronically exposed to effective concentrations of these insecticides.

Published
2015

8. Conclusions of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment on the risks of neonicotinoids and fipronil to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning : Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Author

van der Sluijs, J.P., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bijleveld van Lexmond, M.F.I.J., Bonmatin, J-M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., van Praagh, J., Whitehorn, P.R., Wiemers, M., van der Sluijs, J.P., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bijleveld van Lexmond, M.F.I.J., Bonmatin, J-M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., van Praagh, J., Whitehorn, P.R., and Wiemers, M.

Published
2015

9. Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites: Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Author

Environmental Sciences, Simon-Delso, N., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C.H., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Whitehorn, P.R., Wiemers, M., Environmental Sciences, Simon-Delso, N., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C.H., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Whitehorn, P.R., and Wiemers, M.

Published
2015

10. Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates: Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Author

Environmental Sciences, Pisa, L.W., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Downs, C.A., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., McField, M., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Van Dyck, H., Wiemers, M., Environmental Sciences, Pisa, L.W., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Downs, C.A., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., McField, M., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Van Dyck, H., and Wiemers, M.

Published
2015

11. Conclusions of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment on the risks of neonicotinoids and fipronil to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Author

Environmental Sciences, van der Sluijs, J.P., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bijleveld van Lexmond, M.F.I.J., Bonmatin, J-M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., van Praagh, J., Whitehorn, P.R., Wiemers, M., Environmental Sciences, van der Sluijs, J.P., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bijleveld van Lexmond, M.F.I.J., Bonmatin, J-M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., van Praagh, J., Whitehorn, P.R., and Wiemers, M.

Published
2015

12. Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates: Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Author

Environmental Sciences, Pisa, L.W., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Downs, C.A., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., McField, M., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Van Dyck, H., Wiemers, M., Environmental Sciences, Pisa, L.W., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Downs, C.A., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., McField, M., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Van Dyck, H., and Wiemers, M.

Published
2015

13. Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites: Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Author

Environmental Sciences, Simon-Delso, N., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C.H., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Whitehorn, P.R., Wiemers, M., Environmental Sciences, Simon-Delso, N., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C.H., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Whitehorn, P.R., and Wiemers, M.

Published
2015

14. Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates: Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Author

Environmental Sciences, Pisa, L.W., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Downs, C.A., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., McField, M., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Van Dyck, H., Wiemers, M., Environmental Sciences, Pisa, L.W., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Downs, C.A., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., McField, M., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Van Dyck, H., and Wiemers, M.

Published
2015

15. Conclusions of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment on the risks of neonicotinoids and fipronil to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Author

Environmental Sciences, van der Sluijs, J.P., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bijleveld van Lexmond, M.F.I.J., Bonmatin, J-M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., van Praagh, J., Whitehorn, P.R., Wiemers, M., Environmental Sciences, van der Sluijs, J.P., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bijleveld van Lexmond, M.F.I.J., Bonmatin, J-M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., van Praagh, J., Whitehorn, P.R., and Wiemers, M.

Published
2015

16. Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites: Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Author

Environmental Sciences, Simon-Delso, N., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C.H., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Whitehorn, P.R., Wiemers, M., Environmental Sciences, Simon-Delso, N., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C.H., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Whitehorn, P.R., and Wiemers, M.

Published
2015

17. Conclusions of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment on the risks of neonicotinoids and fipronil to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning

Author

Van der Sluijs, J.P., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bijleveld van Lexmond, M.F.I.J., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, Matthias, Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, Josef, Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Whitehorn, P.R., Wiemers, Martin, Van der Sluijs, J.P., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bijleveld van Lexmond, M.F.I.J., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, Matthias, Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, Josef, Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Whitehorn, P.R., and Wiemers, Martin

Abstract

The side effects of the current global use of pesticides on wildlife, particularly at higher levels of biological organization: populations, communities and ecosystems, are poorly understood (Köhler and Triebskorn 2013). Here, we focus on one of the problematic groups of agrochemicals, the systemic insecticides fipronil and those of the neonicotinoid family. The increasing global reliance on the partly prophylactic use of these persistent and potent neurotoxic systemic insecticides has raised concerns about their impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services provided by a wide range of affected species and environments. The present scale of use, combined with the properties of these compounds, has resulted in widespread contamination of agricultural soils, freshwater resources, wetlands, non-target vegetation and estuarine and coastal marine systems, which means that many organisms inhabiting these habitats are being repeatedly and chronically expose ...

Published
2014

18. Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates

Author

Pisa, L.W., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Downs, C.A., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, Matthias, McField, M., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Settele, Josef, Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., van der Sluijs, J., Van Dyck, H., Wiemers, Martin, Pisa, L.W., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Downs, C.A., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, Matthias, McField, M., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Settele, Josef, Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., van der Sluijs, J., Van Dyck, H., and Wiemers, Martin

Abstract

We assessed the state of knowledge regarding the effects of large-scale pollution with neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on non-target invertebrate species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. A large section of the assessment is dedicated to the state of knowledge on sublethal effects on honeybees (Apis mellifera) because this important pollinator is the most studied non-target invertebrate species. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Lumbricidae (earthworms), Apoidae sensu lato (bumblebees, solitary bees) and the section “other invertebrates” review available studies on the other terrestrial species. The sections on freshwater and marine species are rather short as little is known so far about the impact of neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on the diverse invertebrate fauna of these widely exposed habitats. For terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate species, the known effects of neonicotinoid pesticides and fipronil are described ranging from organismal toxicology and behavioural effects to population-level effects. For earthworms, freshwater and marine species, the relation of findings to regulatory risk assessment is described. Neonicotinoid insecticides exhibit very high toxicity to a wide range of invertebrates, particularly insects, and field-realistic exposure is likely to result in both lethal and a broad range of important sublethal impacts. There is a major knowledge gap regarding impacts on the grand majority of invertebrates, many of which perform essential roles enabling healthy ecosystem functioning. The data on the few non-target species on which field tests have been performed are limited by major flaws in the outdated test protocols. Despite large knowledge gaps and uncertainties, enough knowledge exists to conclude that existing levels of pollution with neonicotinoids and fipronil resulting from presently authorized uses frequently exceed the lowest observed adverse effect concentrations and are thus likely to have large

Published
2014

19. Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites

Author

Simon-Delso, N., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C.H., Liess, Matthias, Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, Josef, Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Whitehorn, P.R., Wiemers, Martin, Simon-Delso, N., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C.H., Liess, Matthias, Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, Josef, Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Whitehorn, P.R., and Wiemers, Martin

Abstract

Since their discovery in the late 1980s, neonicotinoid pesticides have become the most widely used class of insecticides worldwide, with large-scale applications ranging from plant protection (crops, vegetables, fruits), veterinary products, and biocides to invertebrate pest control in fish farming. In this review, we address the phenyl-pyrazole fipronil together with neonicotinoids because of similarities in their toxicity, physicochemical profiles, and presence in the environment. Neonicotinoids and fipronil currently account for approximately one third of the world insecticide market; the annual world production of the archetype neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, was estimated to be ca. 20,000 tonnes active substance in 2010. There were several reasons for the initial success of neonicotinoids and fipronil: (1) there was no known pesticide resistance in target pests, mainly because of their recent development, (2) their physicochemical properties included many advantages over previous generations of insecticides (i.e., organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, etc.), and (3) they shared an assumed reduced operator and consumer risk. Due to their systemic nature, they are taken up by the roots or leaves and translocated to all parts of the plant, which, in turn, makes them effectively toxic to herbivorous insects. The toxicity persists for a variable period of time—depending on the plant, its growth stage, and the amount of pesticide applied. A wide variety of applications are available, including the most common prophylactic non-Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) application by seed coating. As a result of their extensive use and physicochemical properties, these substances can be found in all environmental compartments including soil, water, and air. Neonicotinoids and fipronil operate by disrupting neural transmission in the central nervous system of invertebrates. Neonicotinoids mimic the action of neurotransmitters, while fipronil inhibits neuronal recepto

Published
2014

21. Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites

Author

Simon-Delso, N, Amaral-Rogers, V, Belzunces, L. P, Bonmatin, J. M, Chagnon, Madeleine, Downs, C. A, Furlan, L, Gibbons, D. W, Giorio, C, Girolami, V, Goulson, D, Kreutzweiser, David. P, Krupke, C, Liess, M, Long, E, McField, M, Mineau, Pierre, Mitchell, Edward A. D, Morrissey, Christy A, Noome Dominique A, Pisa, L, Settele, J, Stark, J. D, Tapparo, A, Van Dyck, H, van Praagh, J, Van der Sluijs, Jeroen P, Whitehorn, P. R, Wiemers, M, Simon-Delso, N, Amaral-Rogers, V, Belzunces, L. P, Bonmatin, J. M, Chagnon, Madeleine, Downs, C. A, Furlan, L, Gibbons, D. W, Giorio, C, Girolami, V, Goulson, D, Kreutzweiser, David. P, Krupke, C, Liess, M, Long, E, McField, M, Mineau, Pierre, Mitchell, Edward A. D, Morrissey, Christy A, Noome Dominique A, Pisa, L, Settele, J, Stark, J. D, Tapparo, A, Van Dyck, H, van Praagh, J, Van der Sluijs, Jeroen P, Whitehorn, P. R, and Wiemers, M

Abstract

Since their discovery in the late 1980s, neonicotinoid pesticides have become the most widely used class of insecticides worldwide, with large-scale applications ranging from plant protection (crops, vegetables, fruits), veterinary products, and biocides to invertebrate pest control in fish farming. In this review, we address the phenyl-pyrazole fipronil together with neonicotinoids because of similarities in their toxicity, physicochemical profiles, and presence in the environment. Neonicotinoids and fipronil currently account for approximately one third of the world insecticide market; the annual world production of the archetype neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, was estimated to be ca. 20,000 tonnes active substance in 2010. There were several reasons for the initial success of neonicotinoids and fipronil: (1) there was no known pesticide resistance in target pests, mainly because of their recent development, (2) their physicochemical properties included many advantages over previous generations of insecticides (i.e., organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, etc.), and (3) they shared an assumed reduced operator and consumer risk. Due to their systemic nature, they are taken up by the roots or leaves and translocated to all parts of the plant, which, in turn, makes them effectively toxic to herbivorous insects. The toxicity persists for a variable period of time—depending on the plant, its growth stage, and the amount of pesticide applied. A wide variety of applications are available, including the most common prophylactic non-Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) application by seed coating. As a result of their extensive use and physicochemical properties, these substances can be found in all environmental compartments including soil, water, and air. Neonicotinoids and fipronil operate by disrupting neural transmission in the central nervous system of invertebrates. Neonicotinoids mimic the action of neurotransmitters, while fipronil inhibits neuronal receptors. In do

22. Conclusions of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment on the risks of neonicotinoids and fipronil to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning

Author

van der Sluijs, J. P, Amaral-Rogers, V, Belzunces, L. P, Bijleveld van Lexmond, Maarten Frank Iman Jacobus, Bonmatin, J. M, Chagnon, M, Downs, C. A, Furlan, L, Gibbons, D. W, Giorio, C, Girolami, V, Goulson, D, Kreutzweiser, D. P, Krupke, C, Liess, M, Long, E, McField, M, Mineau, Pierre, Mitchell, Edward A. D, Morrissey, C. A, Noome D. A, Pisa, L, Settele, J, Simon-Delso, N, Stark, J. D, Tapparo, A, Van Dyck, H, van Praagh, J, Whitehorn, P. R, Wiemers, M, van der Sluijs, J. P, Amaral-Rogers, V, Belzunces, L. P, Bijleveld van Lexmond, Maarten Frank Iman Jacobus, Bonmatin, J. M, Chagnon, M, Downs, C. A, Furlan, L, Gibbons, D. W, Giorio, C, Girolami, V, Goulson, D, Kreutzweiser, D. P, Krupke, C, Liess, M, Long, E, McField, M, Mineau, Pierre, Mitchell, Edward A. D, Morrissey, C. A, Noome D. A, Pisa, L, Settele, J, Simon-Delso, N, Stark, J. D, Tapparo, A, Van Dyck, H, van Praagh, J, Whitehorn, P. R, and Wiemers, M

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