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Atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy (FA) share similar type 2 inflammation and commonly co-occur, but the precise proportion of AD patients with FA and vice versa, as well as the effect of AD disease severity on the strength of this association remains uncertain. The aim of this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence and bidirectional associations of AD with food sensitivity (FS), FA and challenge-proven food allergy (CPFA). We searched PubMed and EMBASE and three independent reviewers performed title/abstract and full-text review and data extraction. Overall, 557 articles (n = 225,568 individuals with AD, n = 1,128,322 reference individuals; n = 1,357,793 individuals with FS, FA or CPFA, n = 1,244,596 reference individuals) were included in quantitative analyses. The overall pooled prevalence of FS, FA and CPFA in individuals with AD were 48.4% (95% confidence interval: 43.7–53.2), 32.7% (28.8–36.6) and 40.7% (34.1–47.5) respectively. AD prevalence among individuals with FS, FA and CPFA were 51.2% (46.3–56.2), 45.3% (41.4–49.3) and 54.9% (47.0–62.8) respectively. Children with AD had higher pooled FS (49.8% (44.4–55.1)) and FA (31.4% (26.9–36.1)) prevalences than adults with AD (28.6% (13.4–46.8) and 24.1% (12.1–38.7) respectively). Prevalences of FS and FA numerically increased with AD severity. FS, FA and CPFA are common comorbidities of AD and are closely related. Physicians should be attentive to this relationship to optimize management and treatment strategies in patients.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy (FA) share similar type 2 inflammation and commonly co-occur, but the precise proportion of AD patients with FA and vice versa, as well as the effect of AD disease severity on the strength of this association remains uncertain. The aim of this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the prevalence and bidirectional associations of AD with food sensitivity (FS), FA and challenge-proven food allergy (CPFA). We searched PubMed and EMBASE and three independent reviewers performed title/abstract and full-text review and data extraction. Overall, 557 articles (n = 225,568 individuals with AD, n = 1,128,322 reference individuals; n = 1,357,793 individuals with FS, FA or CPFA, n = 1,244,596 reference individuals) were included in quantitative analyses. The overall pooled prevalence of FS, FA and CPFA in individuals with AD were 48.4% (95% confidence interval: 43.7–53.2), 32.7% (28.8–36.6) and 40.7% (34.1–47.5) respectively. AD prevalence among individuals with FS, FA and CPFA were 51.2% (46.3–56.2), 45.3% (41.4–49.3) and 54.9% (47.0–62.8) respectively. Children with AD had higher pooled FS (49.8% (44.4–55.1)) and FA (31.4% (26.9–36.1)) prevalences than adults with AD (28.6% (13.4–46.8) and 24.1% (12.1–38.7) respectively). Prevalences of FS and FA numerically increased with AD severity. FS, FA and CPFA are common comorbidities of AD and are closely related. Physicians should be attentive to this relationship to optimize management and treatment strategies in patients.

This evidence‐ and consensus‐based guideline on the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris was developed following the EuroGuiDerm Guideline and Consensus Statement Development Manual. The first part of the guideline includes general information on the scope and purpose, health questions covered, target users and strength/limitations of the guideline. Suggestions for disease severity grading and treatment goals are provided. It presents the general treatment recommendations as well as detailed management and monitoring recommendations for the individual drugs. The treatment options discussed in this guideline are as follows: acitretin, ciclosporin, fumarates, methotrexate, adalimumab, apremilast, brodalumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, guselkumab, infliximab, ixekizumab, risankizumab, secukinumab, tildrakizumab and ustekinumab.

This evidence‐ and consensus‐based guideline on the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris was developed following the EuroGuiDerm Guideline and Consensus Statement Development Manual. The first part of the guideline includes general information on the scope and purpose, health questions covered, target users and strength/limitations of the guideline. Suggestions for disease severity grading and treatment goals are provided. It presents the general treatment recommendations as well as detailed management and monitoring recommendations for the individual drugs. The treatment options discussed in this guideline are as follows: acitretin, ciclosporin, fumarates, methotrexate, adalimumab, apremilast, brodalumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, guselkumab, infliximab, ixekizumab, risankizumab, secukinumab, tildrakizumab and ustekinumab.

This evidence‐ and consensus‐based guideline on the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris was developed following the EuroGuiDerm Guideline and Consensus Statement Development Manual. The first part of the guideline includes general information on the scope and purpose, health questions covered, target users and strength/limitations of the guideline. Suggestions for disease severity grading and treatment goals are provided. It presents the general treatment recommendations as well as detailed management and monitoring recommendations for the individual drugs. The treatment options discussed in this guideline are as follows: acitretin, ciclosporin, fumarates, methotrexate, adalimumab, apremilast, brodalumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, guselkumab, infliximab, ixekizumab, risankizumab, secukinumab, tildrakizumab and ustekinumab.

Background Assessment of psoriasis severity is strongly observer‐dependent and objective assessment tools are largely missing. The increasing number of patients receiving highly expensive therapies that are reimbursed only for moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis motivates the development of higher quality assessment tools. Objective To establish an accurate and objective psoriasis assessment method based on segmenting images by machine learning technology. Methods In this retrospective, non‐interventional, single‐centered, interdisciplinary study of diagnostic accuracy 259 standardized photographs of Caucasian patients were assessed and typical psoriatic lesions were labelled. 203 of those were used to train and validate an assessment algorithm which was then tested on the remaining 56 photographs. The results of the algorithm assessment were compared with manually marked area, as well as with the affected area determined by trained dermatologists. Results Algorithm assessment achieved accuracy of more than 90% in 77% of the images and differed on average 5.9% from manually marked areas. The difference between algorithm predicted and photo based estimated areas by physicians were 8.1% on average. Conclusion The study shows the potential of the evaluated technology. In contrast to the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) it allows for objective evaluation and should therefore be developed further as an alternative method to human assessment.

This evidence‐ and consensus‐based guideline on the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris was developed following the EuroGuiDerm Guideline and Consensus Statement Development Manual. The first part of the guideline includes general information on the scope and purpose, health questions covered, target users and strength/limitations of the guideline. Suggestions for disease severity grading and treatment goals are provided. It presents the general treatment recommendations as well as detailed management and monitoring recommendations for the individual drugs. The treatment options discussed in this guideline are as follows: acitretin, ciclosporin, fumarates, methotrexate, adalimumab, apremilast, brodalumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, guselkumab, infliximab, ixekizumab, risankizumab, secukinumab, tildrakizumab and ustekinumab.

This evidence‐ and consensus‐based guideline on the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris was developed following the EuroGuiDerm Guideline and Consensus Statement Development Manual. The first part of the guideline includes general information on the scope and purpose, health questions covered, target users and strength/limitations of the guideline. Suggestions for disease severity grading and treatment goals are provided. It presents the general treatment recommendations as well as detailed management and monitoring recommendations for the individual drugs. The treatment options discussed in this guideline are as follows: acitretin, ciclosporin, fumarates, methotrexate, adalimumab, apremilast, brodalumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, guselkumab, infliximab, ixekizumab, risankizumab, secukinumab, tildrakizumab and ustekinumab.

This article reports on the sixth scientific workshop of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] on the pathogenesis of extraintestinal manifestations [EIMs] in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. This paper has been drafted by 15 ECCO members and 6 external experts [in rheumatology, dermatology, ophthalmology, and immunology] from 10 European countries and the USA. Within the workshop, contributors formed subgroups to address specific areas. Following a comprehensive literature search, the supporting text was finalized under the leadership of the heads of the working groups before being integrated by the group consensus leaders.

BACKGROUND: Though patient needs are key drivers of treatment decisions, they are rarely systematically investigated in routine care. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at analysing needs and expectations from the patient perspective in the German and Swiss psoriasis registries PsoBest and SDNTT with respect to treatment choice, age and gender. METHODS: The German and Swiss psoriasis registries observe patients recruited at first-time use of systemic drugs. Within 10 years, clinical (Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), Body Surface Area (BSA)) and patient-reported outcomes are documented, including the Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) and the Patient Benefit Index (PBI), characterizing patient needs for treatment. The analysis dataset includes n=4,894 patients from PsoBest and n=449 from SDNTT with mean follow-up time of 7.5 months. RESULTS: 5,343 patients registered between 2008 and 2016 were included in the analyses (at baseline: 59.6% male, mean age 47.6 years±14.5, PASI 14.2±9.7, BSA 22.7±19.7, DLQI 11.3±7.2).The most important patient needs were to "get better skin quickly" and to "be healed of all skin defects". Subgroup analyses by age revealed significant differences in needs, especially higher needs regarding social impairments in patients younger than 65 years. Patients 65 years or older attributed more importance to sleep quality, less dependency on medical visits, fewer side effects and confidence in the therapy. Out of 25 items reflecting patient needs, 20 items were rated significantly more important by women than men, with the greatest differences regarding feeling of depression, sleep quality and everyday productivity. Divided by treatment, needs were rated differently, recommending individualized and targeted choice of therapy. CONCLUSION: Age and gender stratify patient needs. Women showed higher expectations and rated specific needs in psoriasis treatment higher than men. Analyzing the patient needs on an individual level will facilitate shared

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The thermochemical behavior of α-Al2O3 corundum in the whole temperature range 0–2317 K (melting point) and under pressures up to 12 GPa is predicted by applying ab initio methods based on the density functional theory (DFT), the use of a local basis set and periodic-boundary conditions. Thermodynamic properties are treated both within and beyond the harmonic approximation to the lattice potential. In particular, a recent implementation of the quasi-harmonic approximation, in the Crystal program, is here shown to provide a reliable description of the thermal expansion coefficient, entropy, constant-volume and constant-pressure specific heats, and temperature dependence of the bulk modulus, nearly up to the corundum melting temperature. This is a remarkable outcome suggesting α-Al2O3 to be an almost perfect quasi-harmonic crystal. The effect of using different computational parameters and DFT functionals belonging to different levels of approximations on the accuracy of the thermal properties is tested, providing a reference for further studies involving alumina polymorphs and, more generally, quasi-ionic minerals.

We report accurate ab initio theoretical predictions of the elastic, seismic, and structural anisotropy of the orthorhombic Mg2SiO4 forsterite crystal at high pressures (up to 20 GPa) and temperatures (up to its melting point, 2163 K), which constitute earth’s upper mantle conditions. Single-crystal elastic stiffness constants are evaluated up to 20 GPa and their first- and second-order pressure derivatives reported. Christoffel’s equation is solved at several pressures: directional seismic wave velocities and related properties (azimuthal and polarization seismic anisotropies) discussed. Thermal structural and average elastic properties, as computed within the quasi-harmonic approximation of the lattice potential, are predicted at high pressures and temperatures: directional thermal expansion coefficients, first- and second-order pressure derivatives of the isothermal bulk modulus, and P-V-T equation-of-state. The effect on computed properties of five different functionals, belonging to three different classes of approximations, of the density functional theory is explicitly investigated.

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth, HV) is widely grown as a legume cover crop throughout the U.S.A., with biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) through symbiosis with Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae (Rlv) being one of the most sought after benefits of its cultivation. This study determined if HV cultivation history and plant genotype affect genetic diversity of resident Rlv. Soil samples were collected from within farmers’ fields at Graham, Cedar Grove and Ivanhoe sites in North Carolina and pairs of genetically similar hairy vetch genotypes used as trap hosts. A total of 519 Rlv strains were isolated from six paired field soils, three with and three without histories of HV cultivation. A total of 46 strains failed to PCR-amplify the nifH gene; however nodC PCR amplification of these nifH-negative strains resulted in amplification of 22 of the strains. Repetitive element polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) with BOX-A1R primer and redundancy analysis showed rhizobial diversity to vary greatly within and between fields, with over 30 BOX banding patterns obtained across the six fields. Cluster analysis of BOX-PCR banding patterns resulted in 36 genetic groups of Rlv at a similarity level of 70%, with 15 of the isolates from fields with HV history not belonging to any of the clusters. Site was found to be the main driver of isolate diversity overall, explaining 57%, of the total variation among rhizobia occupying HV nodules, followed by history of hairy vetch cultivation. Evidence of a HV host genotype influence on the populations of rhizobia that infect hairy vetch was also observed, with plant genotype explaining 12.7% of the variation among all isolates. Our results show that second to site, HV cultivation history was the most important driver of rhizobial nodule community structure and increases the genetic diversity of resident Rlv in soils.

Compatible rhizobia strains are essential for nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth, HV). We evaluated how past HV cultivation affected nodulation and BNF across host genotypes. Five groups of similar HV genotypes were inoculated with soil dilutions from six paired fields, three with 10-year HV cultivation history (HV+) and three with no history (HV−), and used to determine efficiency of rhizobia nodulation and BNF. Nodulation was equated to nodule number and mass, BNF to plant N and Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae (Rlv) soil cell counts using qPCR to generate an amplicon of targeted Rlv nodD genes. Both HV cultivation history and genotype affected BNF parameters. Plants inoculated with HV+ soil dilutions averaged 60 and 70 % greater nodule number and mass, respectively. Such plants also had greater biomass and tissue N than those inoculated with HV− soil. Plant biomass and tissue N were strongly correlated to nodule mass (r2=0.80 and 0.50, respectively), while correlations to nodule number were low (r2=0.50 and 0.31, respectively). Although hairy vetch rhizobia occur naturally in soils, past cultivation of HV was shown in this study to enhance nodulation gene-carrying Rlv population size and/or efficiency of rhizobia capable of nodulation and N fixation.

The efficacy of the nasobuccal thermistor (NT) was compared with the nasal pressure cannula (NC) and the calibrated, time-differentiated respiratory inductance plethysmography sum signal (DS) in the detection of obstructive events in children during polysomnography (PSG). The overnight PSG of 20 consecutive referrals were selected for analysis. Obstructive events were scored in each study three times by one operator using a blinded procedure whereby either the NT, the NC or the DS was visible. The standard PSG channels were also visible. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Twenty patients aged 5 weeks to 16 years were studied. Agreement in obstructive apnoea-hypopnoea index (OAHI) was highest between the NT and NC, and the NC and DS. The NC signal was significantly more likely to be uninterpretable than the NT (P = 0.02) and this did not correlate with age. Event detection by the NT was significantly improved by the addition of either the NC (P = 0.01) or the DS (P = 0.001), while the NC stood alone unless the DS was added (P = 0.02). There was no significant difference in OAHI by the NC versus the DS. The NC detected significantly more OA than the NT or the DS (P = 0.04), while the DS trended towards detecting more OH. There was no significant difference in OAHI between any combination pair. The nasal cannula and differentiated sum signal perform better as measures of paediatric airflow than the NT. To optimize the detection of obstructive events in children we recommend using at least one, if not both these methods in paediatric sleep laboratories. © 2005 European Sleep Research Society.

The efficacy of the nasobuccal thermistor (NT) was compared with the nasal pressure cannula (NC) and the calibrated, time-differentiated respiratory inductance plethysmography sum signal (DS) in the detection of obstructive events in children during polysomnography (PSG). The overnight PSG of 20 consecutive referrals were selected for analysis. Obstructive events were scored in each study three times by one operator using a blinded procedure whereby either the NT, the NC or the DS was visible. The standard PSG channels were also visible. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Twenty patients aged 5 weeks to 16 years were studied. Agreement in obstructive apnoea-hypopnoea index (OAHI) was highest between the NT and NC, and the NC and DS. The NC signal was significantly more likely to be uninterpretable than the NT (P = 0.02) and this did not correlate with age. Event detection by the NT was significantly improved by the addition of either the NC (P = 0.01) or the DS (P = 0.001), while the NC stood alone unless the DS was added (P = 0.02). There was no significant difference in OAHI by the NC versus the DS. The NC detected significantly more OA than the NT or the DS (P = 0.04), while the DS trended towards detecting more OH. There was no significant difference in OAHI between any combination pair. The nasal cannula and differentiated sum signal perform better as measures of paediatric airflow than the NT. To optimize the detection of obstructive events in children we recommend using at least one, if not both these methods in paediatric sleep laboratories. © 2005 European Sleep Research Society.

In 2007 the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) published a new manual for the recording and scoring of sleep and associated events including guidelines for paediatric sleep. In 2011 a panel of experienced paediatric sleep practitioners and sleep scientists drawn from the Australasian Sleep Technologist Association (ASTA) and the Australasian Sleep Association (ASA) reviewed the applicability of the AASM guidelines in the Australasian context and produced the 'ASTA/ASA addendum to AASM guidelines for the recording and scoring of paediatric sleep'. This document provides recommendations for the application of the AASM guidelines as well as clarifications, minor modifications and additional or optional guidelines for conducting clinical polysomnography in Australasian paediatric sleep laboratories. While adoption of the majority of the AASM scoring rules is endorsed the following additional or alternative modifications are highlighted: (i) Technical and recording specifications: a number of additional recording parameters to provide further confirmatory diagnostic information are optional. (ii) Visual rules: an alternative rule is to extend the upper age limit at which the Anders infant sleep criteria can be applied; application of the R&K criteria for terminating N2 following a cortical arousal is optional; an alternative rule is to retain the R&K classification of movement epochs (iii) Arousal rules: additional criteria to classify arousal types and to define temporal associations are recommended; sub-cortical arousal criteria are provided with reporting of a sub-cortical arousal index optional. (iv) Respiratory rules: if adult respiratory rules are applied to children (> 13 years) then the AASM 'alternative' hypopnoea rule must be used; calibrated respiratory inductance plethysmography may be used as an alternative sensor for scoring hypopnoeas; the use of additional signals to sub-classify hypopnoeas is optional; the definition of respiratory effort-related

In 2007 the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) published a new manual for the recording and scoring of sleep and associated events including guidelines for paediatric sleep. In 2011 a panel of experienced paediatric sleep practitioners and sleep scientists drawn from the Australasian Sleep Technologist Association (ASTA) and the Australasian Sleep Association (ASA) reviewed the applicability of the AASM guidelines in the Australasian context and produced the 'ASTA/ASA addendum to AASM guidelines for the recording and scoring of paediatric sleep'. This document provides recommendations for the application of the AASM guidelines as well as clarifications, minor modifications and additional or optional guidelines for conducting clinical polysomnography in Australasian paediatric sleep laboratories. While adoption of the majority of the AASM scoring rules is endorsed the following additional or alternative modifications are highlighted: (i) Technical and recording specifications: a number of additional recording parameters to provide further confirmatory diagnostic information are optional. (ii) Visual rules: an alternative rule is to extend the upper age limit at which the Anders infant sleep criteria can be applied; application of the R&K criteria for terminating N2 following a cortical arousal is optional; an alternative rule is to retain the R&K classification of movement epochs (iii) Arousal rules: additional criteria to classify arousal types and to define temporal associations are recommended; sub-cortical arousal criteria are provided with reporting of a sub-cortical arousal index optional. (iv) Respiratory rules: if adult respiratory rules are applied to children (> 13 years) then the AASM 'alternative' hypopnoea rule must be used; calibrated respiratory inductance plethysmography may be used as an alternative sensor for scoring hypopnoeas; the use of additional signals to sub-classify hypopnoeas is optional; the definition of respiratory effort-related

We report the observation of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) in two-photon photoemission (2PPE). The Heusler alloys Ni2MnGa and Co2FeSi were investigated by excitation with femtosecond laser light, showing MCD asymmetries of A = (3.5 +/- 0.5) x 10(-3) for Ni2MnGa and of A = (2.1 +/- 1.0) x 10(-3) for Co2FeSi, respectively. A theoretical explanation is provided based on local spin-density calculations for the magnetic dichroic response; the computed 2PPE MCD agrees well with the experiment. The observed 2PPE magnetic contrast represents an interesting alternative for future time-resolved photoemission studies on surface magnetism practicable in the laboratory.

We report on a type of surface structuring after short pulse laser ablation of a binary alloy. We observe the emergence of a concentric ring structure with changing elemental composition. The composition changes are interpreted by condensation of the ambient ablation vapor due to stress wave excitations in the ablation spot.

We present the results of a new evaluation of the anomalous magnetic moment a_mu=(g_mu-2)/2 of the muon where the role of input data needed in the evaluation is lowered in the interval between 1.2 and 3.0 GeV below charm threshold. This is achieved by decreasing the size of the weight function in the dispersion integral over the experimental ratio R(s) by subtracting a polynomial from the weight function which mimics its energy dependence in that given energy interval. In order to compensate for this subtraction, the same polynomial weight integral is added again but is now evaluated on a circular contour in the complex plane using QCD and global duality. For the hadronic contribution to the shift in the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon we obtain a_mu^had(LO) = (701.3 +/- 6.4) x 10^-10 at leading order in the electromagnetic coupling. In addition, using the same procedure, we recalculate the next-to-leading contribution a_mu^had(NLO) = (-10.3 +/- 0.2) x 10^-10. Including QED, electroweak, and light-by-light contribution, we obtain a value a_mu = (11 659 185.6 +/- 6.4_had +/- 3.5_LBL +/- 0.4_QED+EW) x 10^-10., Comment: 17 pages in LaTeX, including 4 Postscript figures

We present the results of a new evaluation of the anomalous magnetic moment a_mu=(g_mu-2)/2 of the muon where the role of input data needed in the evaluation is lowered in the interval between 1.2 and 3.0 GeV below charm threshold. This is achieved by decreasing the size of the weight function in the dispersion integral over the experimental ratio R(s) by subtracting a polynomial from the weight function which mimics its energy dependence in that given energy interval. In order to compensate for this subtraction, the same polynomial weight integral is added again but is now evaluated on a circular contour in the complex plane using QCD and global duality. For the hadronic contribution to the shift in the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon we obtain a_mu^had(LO) = (701.3 +/- 6.4) x 10^-10 at leading order in the electromagnetic coupling. In addition, using the same procedure, we recalculate the next-to-leading contribution a_mu^had(NLO) = (-10.3 +/- 0.2) x 10^-10. Including QED, electroweak, and light-by-light contribution, we obtain a value a_mu = (11 659 185.6 +/- 6.4_had +/- 3.5_LBL +/- 0.4_QED+EW) x 10^-10., Comment: 17 pages in LaTeX, including 4 Postscript figures