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Considered a broad public health problem, Foodborne Diseases - FVB are caused by eating contaminated food or water. An outbreak of FVB is characterized by the presence of the disease in two or more people. In Brazil, the State of São Paulo has the highest number of reported FVB outbreaks. This study aimed to survey the reports of FVB outbreaks in the State of São Paulo in the period from 2011 to 2018. In the eight years analyzed, 1,112 FVB outbreaks, a total of 74,268 consumers were exposed to the risk, 33,377 consumers developed the disease and 11 deaths were recorded. Most of the confirmed outbreaks occurred in the metropolitan region of São Paulo - SP. The places with the highest occurrence of FVB outbreaks were day care centers and schools, homes and food merchants. The foods most involved in the outbreaks were pasta, water and meat products, but direct person-to-person transmission was responsible for most cases. The etiological agents most involved in the outbreaks were Norovirus and Rotavirus, considering the number of cases and outbreaks, and Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Shigella spp., considering the number of deaths. Important information is incomplete in the database, which hinders the knowledge about the evolution of FVB outbreaks in the State of São Paulo., Consideradas amplo problema de Saúde Pública, as Doenças Veiculadas por Alimentos – DVA são causadas pela ingestão de alimento ou água contaminados. Um surto de DVA é caracterizado pela presença da doença em duas ou mais pessoas. No Brasil, o Estado de São Paulo possui o maior número de surtos de DVA notificados. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo, realizar o levantamento das notificações de surtos de DVA no Estado de São Paulo no período de 2011 a 2018. Nos oito anos analisados foram confirmados 1.112 surtos de DVA, um total de 74.268 consumidores foram expostos ao risco, 33.377 consumidores desenvolveram doença e 11 óbitos foram registrados. A maioria dos surtos confirmados ocorreram na região metropolitana de São Paulo - SP. Os locais de maior ocorrência de surtos de DVA foram creches e escolas, residências e estabelecimentos comercializadores de alimentos. Os alimentos mais envolvidos nos surtos foram massas, água e produtos cárneos, porém a transmissão direta pessoa a pessoa foi responsável pela maioria dos casos. Os agentes etiológicos mais envolvidos nos surtos foram Norovírus e Rotavírus, considerando número de casos e surtos, e Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli e Shigella spp., considerando número de óbitos. Informações importantes estão incompletas na base de dados, o que prejudica o conhecimento sobre evolução dos surtos de DVA no Estado de São Paulo.

Considered a broad public health problem, Foodborne Diseases - FVB are caused by eating contaminated food or water. An outbreak of FVB is characterized by the presence of the disease in two or more people. In Brazil, the State of São Paulo has the highest number of reported FVB outbreaks. This study aimed to survey the reports of FVB outbreaks in the State of São Paulo in the period from 2011 to 2018. In the eight years analyzed, 1,112 FVB outbreaks, a total of 74,268 consumers were exposed to the risk, 33,377 consumers developed the disease and 11 deaths were recorded. Most of the confirmed outbreaks occurred in the metropolitan region of São Paulo - SP. The places with the highest occurrence of FVB outbreaks were day care centers and schools, homes and food merchants. The foods most involved in the outbreaks were pasta, water and meat products, but direct person-to-person transmission was responsible for most cases. The etiological agents most involved in the outbreaks were Norovirus and Rotavirus, considering the number of cases and outbreaks, and Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Shigella spp., considering the number of deaths. Important information is incomplete in the database, which hinders the knowledge about the evolution of FVB outbreaks in the State of São Paulo., Consideradas amplo problema de Saúde Pública, as Doenças Veiculadas por Alimentos – DVA são causadas pela ingestão de alimento ou água contaminados. Um surto de DVA é caracterizado pela presença da doença em duas ou mais pessoas. No Brasil, o Estado de São Paulo possui o maior número de surtos de DVA notificados. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo, realizar o levantamento das notificações de surtos de DVA no Estado de São Paulo no período de 2011 a 2018. Nos oito anos analisados foram confirmados 1.112 surtos de DVA, um total de 74.268 consumidores foram expostos ao risco, 33.377 consumidores desenvolveram doença e 11 óbitos foram registrados. A maioria dos surtos confirmados ocorreram na região metropolitana de São Paulo - SP. Os locais de maior ocorrência de surtos de DVA foram creches e escolas, residências e estabelecimentos comercializadores de alimentos. Os alimentos mais envolvidos nos surtos foram massas, água e produtos cárneos, porém a transmissão direta pessoa a pessoa foi responsável pela maioria dos casos. Os agentes etiológicos mais envolvidos nos surtos foram Norovírus e Rotavírus, considerando número de casos e surtos, e Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli e Shigella spp., considerando número de óbitos. Informações importantes estão incompletas na base de dados, o que prejudica o conhecimento sobre evolução dos surtos de DVA no Estado de São Paulo.

The genomes of 262 Bacillus cereus isolates were analyzed including 69 isolates sampled from equipment, raw milk and dairy products from Brazil. The population structure of isolates showed strains belonging to known phylogenetic groups II, III, IV, V and VI. Almost all the isolates obtained from dairy products belonged to group III. Investigation of specific alleles revealed high numbers of isolates carrying toxin-associated genes including cytK (53.62%), hblA (59.42%), hblC (44.93%), hblD (53.62%), nheA (84.06%), nheB (89.86%) and nheC (84.06%) with isolates belonging to groups IV and V having significant higher prevalence of hblACD and group IV of CytK genes. Strains from dairy products had significantly lower prevalence of CytK and hblACD genes compared to isolates from equipment and raw milk/bulk tanks. Genes related to sucrose metabolism were detected at higher frequency in isolates obtained from raw milk compared to strains from equipment and utensils. The population genomic analysis demonstrated the diversity of strains and variability of putative function among B. cereus group isolates in Brazilian dairy production, with large numbers of strains potentially able to cause foodborne illness. This detailed information will contribute to targeted interventions to reduce milk contamination and spoilage associated with B. cereus in Brazil.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7941.2017v34n1p310Recentes tecnologias tendem a invadir as escolas desencadeando modos diferenciados de se instruir conceitos científicos. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho emprega o dispositivo Arduino em uma inovadora montagem de um analisador de pilhas recarregáveis, que possibilita também uma proveitosa instrução dos conceitos físico-químicos envolvidos. Este analisador realiza a carga e descarga de pilhas, viabilizando o cálculo da sua capacidade de carga e do seu estado de saúde, cujas reflexões então fornecidas subsidiam o educador interessado. Os resultados obtidos em uma avaliação exemplar de três pilhas com diferentes capacidades de carga foram corroborados por um equipamento de laboratório de pesquisa em pilhas e baterias., http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7941.2017v34n1p310Recent technologies tend to invade schools triggering different ways of instructing scientific concepts. Therefore, this work used the Arduino device in an innovative rechargeable batteries analyzer assem15- bly, which also provides a fruitful instruction of the physical-chemical concepts involved. This analyzer realizes batteries charges and discharges, calculating their charge capacity and health state, and the reflections subsidize the interested educator. A cells and batteries research laboratory corroborated the results obtained from an exemplary evaluation of three batteries with different charge capacities.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7941.2017v34n1p310Recentes tecnologias tendem a invadir as escolas desencadeando modos diferenciados de se instruir conceitos científicos. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho emprega o dispositivo Arduino em uma inovadora montagem de um analisador de pilhas recarregáveis, que possibilita também uma proveitosa instrução dos conceitos físico-químicos envolvidos. Este analisador realiza a carga e descarga de pilhas, viabilizando o cálculo da sua capacidade de carga e do seu estado de saúde, cujas reflexões então fornecidas subsidiam o educador interessado. Os resultados obtidos em uma avaliação exemplar de três pilhas com diferentes capacidades de carga foram corroborados por um equipamento de laboratório de pesquisa em pilhas e baterias., http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7941.2017v34n1p310Recent technologies tend to invade schools triggering different ways of instructing scientific concepts. Therefore, this work used the Arduino device in an innovative rechargeable batteries analyzer assem15- bly, which also provides a fruitful instruction of the physical-chemical concepts involved. This analyzer realizes batteries charges and discharges, calculating their charge capacity and health state, and the reflections subsidize the interested educator. A cells and batteries research laboratory corroborated the results obtained from an exemplary evaluation of three batteries with different charge capacities.

Objetivou-se Investigar a presence de imunoglobulinas anti -Leptospira spp. em Amostras de soros sanguíneos de equídeos abatidos em matadouro-frigorífico, soluçar Serviço de Inspeção Federal, LOCALIZADO na Região Sul do Brasil. Utilizaram-se 767 Amostras de sangue de equídeos Adultos, abatidos no Período de abril a maio de 2013. Os animais were provenientes de 45 municípios dos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná. Para o diagnóstico foi Utilizado o teste de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM). Were observados 687 equídeos sororreagentes a pelo Menos UMA das 24 sorovariedades utilizadas de Leptospira spp. com título igual OU superiores a 100, REPRESENTANDO 89,57% (IC 95%: 87,41% - 91,73%). Como sorovariedades Mais prováveis were Patoc (9,91%), Butembo (9,13%), Australis (7,82%), Bratislava (5,87%). De: Não houve Diferença significativa (p = 0,2795) between como proporções de Reagentes a Leptospira spp. Nos Estados. Já em Relação à proporção de machos e Fêmeas Reagentes houve Diferença significativa (p = 5,4444 x 10-5), SENDO 85,26% (IC 95%: 82,82% - 88,70%) de machos Reagentes e 94 , 44% (IC 95%: 92,07% - 96,81%) de Fêmeas Reagentes. Os Resultados obtidos sem Presente Estudo demonstram Uma Exposição Elevada uma Diversas sorovariedades de Leptospira Nos equídeos abatidos no matadouro-frigorífico. No Âmbito da Saúde Animal, pública e ocupacional, Sugere-se a Atenção à Doença ESSA, visando Diminuir o Risco de Infecção., The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in serum samples of horses slaughtered in an abattoir, under the Brazilian federal food inspection service, in the southern region of Brazil. We tested 767 blood samples from adult horses slaughtered from April to May, 2013. The animals came from 45 municipalities in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Paraná. For the diagnosis we used the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The results showed that 687 horses reacted to at least one of the 24 serovars of Leptospira spp., with titer equal to or greater than 100, representing 89.57% (95% CI: 87.41%–91.73%). The most likely serovars were Patoc (9.91%), Butembo (9.13%), Australis (7.82%), and Bratislava (5.87%). There was no significant difference (p = 0.2795) in the number of positive animals by state. The proportion of MAT-positive males and females differed significantly (p = 5.4444 x 10-5) since 85.26% (95% CI: 82.82%–88.70%) of the males and 94.44 (95% CI: 92.07%–96.81%) of the females were reactive. The results of this study demonstrate a high rate exposure to several serovars of Leptospira in slaughtered horses. For the protection of animal, public, and occupational health, we suggest attention to infections in this host in order to reduce the risk of leptospirosis.

The objective of this study was to confirm the occurrence of swine brucellosis by isolating Brucella suis from an outbreak that occurred in December 2012 in a Certified Pig Breeding Farm (Granja de Reprodutores Suínos Certificada, GRSC), in Guariba, São Paulo, Brazil. To this end, we collected the livers and spleens of seven stillborn piglets born to six different sows that had aborted. Furthermore, the stomach content from one piglet was also collected. The organs were prepared using sterile materials and seeded in Petri dishes containing Brucella agar with 5% rabbit serum medium. The routine tests confirmed that the B. suis biovar 1 strain was the causative agent. Therefore, the results showed that despite the reduced incidence of swine brucellosis caused by Brucella suis in the country, the causative agent of the disease is still present, able to reach herds with higher biosafety levels, threatening human and animal health. Keywords: Isolation, Brucellosis, Swine.

The objective of this study was to confirm the occurrence of swine brucellosis by isolating Brucella suis from an outbreak that occurred in December 2012 in a Certified Pig Breeding Farm (Granja de Reprodutores Suínos Certificada, GRSC), in Guariba, São Paulo, Brazil. To this end, we collected the livers and spleens of seven stillborn piglets born to six different sows that had aborted. Furthermore, the stomach content from one piglet was also collected. The organs were prepared using sterile materials and seeded in Petri dishes containing Brucella agar with 5% rabbit serum medium. The routine tests confirmed that the B. suis biovar 1 strain was the causative agent. Therefore, the results showed that despite the reduced incidence of swine brucellosis caused by Brucella suis in the country, the causative agent of the disease is still present, able to reach herds with higher biosafety levels, threatening human and animal health. Keywords: Isolation, Brucellosis, Swine.

The aim of this survey was to verify the occurrence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in captive animals in the Parque Zoobotânico Arruda Câmara, João Pessoa, Paraíba State, Northeastern Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 49 animals: 26 mammals of the species Sapajus libidinosus, Cebus flavius, Saimiri sciureu, Coendu sp., Pseudalopex vetulus, Leopardus pardalis, Leopardus tigrinus, Galactitis vitata, Eira barbara, Nasua nasua, Tayassu tajacu and Ratus norvegicus; 10 birds of the species Penelope jacucaca, Pavo cristatus, Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, Ara chlorothpterus, Pionites leucogaster, Polyborus plancus, Geranoaetus melanoleucus and Urubitinga urubitinga; and 13 reptiles of the species Caiman latirostris, Paleosuchus trigonatus, Caiman crocodilus, Tupinabis merinae, Tupinambis teguixin, Boa constrictor, Corallus hortulanus, Python molurus, Bufocephala vanderhaegei, Geochelone denticulata and Geochelone carboraria. Sera were examined by the microscopic agglutination teste (MAT) using 24 serovars as antigens and cut-off point of 1:100. One ocelot (Leopardo pardalis) presented positive reaction for the Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar with titer of 100, however, it did not show any clinical sign of the infection. Sinantropic rodents are the main reservoirs of this serovar, which suggests the need of maintenance and continuous evaluation of rodent control programs., Canine brucellosis is an infectious disease of worldwide distribution that can affect dogs, wild canids and man. It is caused by Brucella canis, but dogs can also be infected by smooth Brucella such as B. abortus and B. suis. Due to the increasing importance of dogs in our society, to the scarcity of information about canine brucellosis in the country and its zoonotic character, the aims of the present study were (i) to conduct a survey on the infection by B. canis and smooth Brucella in dogs from the municipality of Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil, and (ii) to evaluate the risk factors associated with these infections. Sera from 241 dogs were analyzed by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) to detect B. canisantibodies, and Buffered Acidified Plate Antigen test (BAPA) and fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) to detect antibodies to smooth Brucella. From the 241 tested dogs, 132 reacted in the AGID and 128 reacted in the BAPA, but only two were positive in FPA. The seroprevalences of B. canis and smooth Brucella infections in dogs in Araguaína were 54.77% (95% CI: 48.25 to 61.17%) and 0.83% (95% CI: 0.10 to 2.97%), respectively. The analysis of risk factors showed associations between B. canis infection and vaccination against leptospirosis, and between B. canis infection and use of manufactured food. In conclusion, data from the present study showed a low prevalence of infection by smooth Brucella and a widespread and high prevalence of infection by B. canis in the city of Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil.