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Operations of Philpott dam for flood control and peak power generation since 1953 have substantially altered downstream ecosystem conditions in the Smith River from the dam to Martinsville. We have described in intensive detail aspects of habitat and fish populations in the tailwater over the past four years (2000 to 2004), analyzed the limited historical information available to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms behind observed changes in the tailwater, and recommend appropriate actions to improve depressed fish populations and environmental conditions. Our research emphasizes that there are no “silver bullet” solutions and the most successful path toward improving the tailwater will reflect numerous tradeoffs to balance environmental, economic, and recreational goals. However, it is clear that enhancing conditions in the Smith River hinge on mitigating the effects of fluctuating releases from Philpott Dam through a combination of flow management (e.g. characteristics of dam operations during baseflow and peak flow periods) and habitat improvement (e.g. channel restoration, temperature management, enhanced biological productivity). In addition, removal or modification of Martinsville Dam to enhance flow, habitat, and fish and sediment passage would benefit fish populations and environmental conditions in the lower tailwater. Current fishery management strategies which are ineffective for enhancing brown trout should be re-evaluated after habitat and flow changes are instituted. Management actions for improving flow and habitat also should be assessed in light of the presence of the Federally Endangered Roanoke logperch Percina rex that also appear to be limited by degraded environmental conditions in the tailwater.

Over the past decade, there has been an expression of concern that there are not enough women in business schools. This sentiment has been expressed in administrative meetings, at graduate school consortia, in boardrooms and in literature. This is an understandable concern: the percentage of women at business schools in the United States has hovered around 30% for the past 15 years. These numbers are more notable when you consider that this percentage is lower than in medical or law schools. This dissertation examines the data on the proportion of women in business school and explores the explanations of why the proportions are relatively low and have remained so over the years. The Lauder Institute, a combined MBA/MA in International Studies degree program, at the University of Pennsylvania is an exception, consistently attracting and enrolling a higher proportion of women than the “regular” MBA program at the Wharton School or the schools that are considered Wharton's competition. The research for this study examines the following questions: Why does the Lauder Institute attract a higher percentage of women than the Wharton School and its peers? Who are these women and where did they come from? What have been the profiles of Lauder students over the years of the program? What are the external factors over the past 17 years that may have changed the viability of business school for women? (Average age at entry, cost, and GMAT scores). Why do the women students attending the Lauder Institute want to come to Lauder in addition to Wharton? To answer these questions, 750 files of current and past students were examined to compile data on age, undergraduate institution, undergraduate major, citizenship and GMAT scores. Patterns among female and male matriculated students were examined to see if there were differences, as were their profiles to see if there had been changes over the past 15 years. The results of questionnaires sent to all Lauder graduates asking them to

Operations of Philpott dam for flood control and peak power generation since 1953 have substantially altered downstream ecosystem conditions in the Smith River from the dam to Martinsville. We have described in intensive detail aspects of habitat and fish populations in the tailwater over the past four years (2000 to 2004), analyzed the limited historical information available to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms behind observed changes in the tailwater, and recommend appropriate actions to improve depressed fish populations and environmental conditions. Our research emphasizes that there are no “silver bullet” solutions and the most successful path toward improving the tailwater will reflect numerous tradeoffs to balance environmental, economic, and recreational goals. However, it is clear that enhancing conditions in the Smith River hinge on mitigating the effects of fluctuating releases from Philpott Dam through a combination of flow management (e.g. characteristics of dam operations during baseflow and peak flow periods) and habitat improvement (e.g. channel restoration, temperature management, enhanced biological productivity). In addition, removal or modification of Martinsville Dam to enhance flow, habitat, and fish and sediment passage would benefit fish populations and environmental conditions in the lower tailwater. Current fishery management strategies which are ineffective for enhancing brown trout should be re-evaluated after habitat and flow changes are instituted. Management actions for improving flow and habitat also should be assessed in light of the presence of the Federally Endangered Roanoke logperch Percina rex that also appear to be limited by degraded environmental conditions in the tailwater.