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Genome engineering has become more accessible thanks to the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing system. However, using this technology in synthetic organs called "organoids" is still very inefficient. This is due to the delivery methods for the CRISPR-Cas9 machinery, which include electroporation of CRISPR-Cas9 DNA, mRNA, or ribonucleoproteins containing the Cas9-gRNA complex. However, these procedures are quite toxic for the organoids. Here, we describe the use of the "nanoblade (NB)" technology, which outperformed by far gene-editing levels achieved to date for murine- and human tissue-derived organoids. We reached up to 75% of reporter gene knockout in organoids after treatment with NBs. Indeed, high-level NB-mediated knockout for the androgen receptor encoding gene and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene was achieved with single gRNA or dual gRNA containing NBs in murine prostate and colon organoids. Likewise, NBs achieved 20%-50% gene editing in human organoids. Most importantly, in contrast to other gene-editing methods, this was obtained without toxicity for the organoids. Only 4 weeks are required to obtain stable gene knockout in organoids and NBs simplify and allow rapid genome editing in organoids with little to no side effects including unwanted insertion/deletions in off-target sites thanks to transient Cas9/RNP expression.

À l’heure où sévit l’épidémie de Covid-19, et alors que l’économie semble être sur tous les plans « disruptée » par de nouveaux entrants se revendiquant start-up avec plus ou moins de justesse, l’analyste financier peut légitimement se poser des questions sur le sens de son métier, ses fondamentaux et ses pratiques. Dans un monde où des millions d’euros sont levés par des sociétés n’ayant pas atteint leur seuil de rentabilité, où la perspective d’une mise à l’arrêt brutale et intégrale de l’économie est une menace, et où des prêts sont abondamment distribués pour pallier les déficits d’exploitation induits par cette situation extraordinaire, les fondamentaux de l’analyse financière – l’exigence d’une structure financière saine et un niveau de rentabilité suffisant pour faire face aux besoins et engagements financiers – pourraient paraître anachroniques. Si l’on ajoute l’émergence de l’intelligence artificielle dont certains prétendent qu’elle est appelée à remplacer les professionnels jusque dans les fonctions les plus qualifiées, l’analyste financier a toutes les raisons de s’interroger sur ces nouveaux défis. Pourtant, à y regarder de plus près, cet environnement bouleversé confirme et renforce ce que Bernard Manceau définissait en 1992 – dans la première édition de ce livre – comme des « invariants ». Car si cette pandémie appelle des mesures de soutien exceptionnelles, il n’en demeure pas moins que seules les structures les mieux armées et les plus saines peuvent satisfaire aux exigences de ce stress-test grandeur nature. Cet ouvrage rédigé par des praticiens de terrain présente une méthode originale qui repose sur le diagnostic approfondi de l’entreprise dans toutes ses composantes financières et qualitatives. Il répond, en privilégiant des données économiques récentes, aux questions suivantes : – Les ressources propres de l’entreprise sont-elles suffisantes ? – Quelle est la dose de crédit supportable ? – Comment la rentabilité opérationnelle se transforme-t-e

À l’heure où sévit l’épidémie de Covid-19, et alors que l’économie semble être sur tous les plans « disruptée » par de nouveaux entrants se revendiquant start-up avec plus ou moins de justesse, l’analyste financier peut légitimement se poser des questions sur le sens de son métier, ses fondamentaux et ses pratiques. Dans un monde où des millions d’euros sont levés par des sociétés n’ayant pas atteint leur seuil de rentabilité, où la perspective d’une mise à l’arrêt brutale et intégrale de l’économie est une menace, et où des prêts sont abondamment distribués pour pallier les déficits d’exploitation induits par cette situation extraordinaire, les fondamentaux de l’analyse financière – l’exigence d’une structure financière saine et un niveau de rentabilité suffisant pour faire face aux besoins et engagements financiers – pourraient paraître anachroniques. Si l’on ajoute l’émergence de l’intelligence artificielle dont certains prétendent qu’elle est appelée à remplacer les professionnels jusque dans les fonctions les plus qualifiées, l’analyste financier a toutes les raisons de s’interroger sur ces nouveaux défis. Pourtant, à y regarder de plus près, cet environnement bouleversé confirme et renforce ce que Bernard Manceau définissait en 1992 – dans la première édition de ce livre – comme des « invariants ». Car si cette pandémie appelle des mesures de soutien exceptionnelles, il n’en demeure pas moins que seules les structures les mieux armées et les plus saines peuvent satisfaire aux exigences de ce stress-test grandeur nature. Cet ouvrage rédigé par des praticiens de terrain présente une méthode originale qui repose sur le diagnostic approfondi de l’entreprise dans toutes ses composantes financières et qualitatives. Il répond, en privilégiant des données économiques récentes, aux questions suivantes : – Les ressources propres de l’entreprise sont-elles suffisantes ? – Quelle est la dose de crédit supportable ? – Comment la rentabilité opérationnelle se transforme-t-e

The national languages of Senegal, like those of West Africa country in general, are written with two alphabets : the Latin alphabet that draws its strength from official decreesm and the completed Arabic script (Ajami), widespread and well integrated, that has little institutional support. This digraph created two worlds ignoring each other. Indeed, Ajami writing is generally used daily by populations from Koranic schools, while writing with the Latin alphabet is used by people from the public school. To solve this problem, it is useful to establish transliteration tools between these two scriptures. Preliminary work (Nguer, Bao-Diop, Fall, khoule, 2015) was performed to locate the problems, challenges and prospects. This present work, making it subsequently fell into this. Its objective is the study and creation of a transliteration algorithm from latin towards Ajami., Comment: in French. TAlaf TALN 2016

Although classifiers/quantifiers (CQs) expressions appear frequently in everyday communications or written documents, they are described neither in classical bilingual paper dictionaries , nor in machine-readable dictionaries. The paper describes a CQs dictionary, edited from the corpus we have annotated, and its usage in the framework of French-Japanese machine translation (MT). CQs treatment in MT often causes problems of lexical ambiguity, polylexical phrase recognition difficulties in analysis and doubtful output in transfer-generation, in particular for distant languages pairs like French and Japanese. Our basic treatment of CQs is to annotate the corpus by UNL-UWs (Universal Networking Language-Universal words) 1 , and then to produce a bilingual or multilingual dictionary of CQs, based on synonymy through identity of UWs.

Background: The fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLAs) belong to the arabinogalactan protein (AGP) superfamily and are known to play different physiological roles in plants. This class of proteins was shown to participate in plant growth, development, defense against abiotic stresses and, notably, cell wall biosynthesis. Although some studies are available on the characterization of FLA genes from different species, both woody and herbaceous, no detailed information is available on the FLA family of textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), an economically important fibre crop. Results: By searching the Cannabis genome and EST databases, 23 CsaFLAs have been here identified which are divided into four phylogenetic groups. A real-time qPCR analysis performed on stem tissues (isolated bast fibres and shivs sampled at three heights), hypocotyls (6-9-12-15-17-20 days-old), whole seedlings, roots, leaves and female/male flowers of the monoecious fibre variety Santhica 27, indicates that the identified FLA genes are differentially expressed. Interestingly, some hemp FLAs are expressed during early phases of fibre growth (elongation), while others are more expressed in the middle and base of the stem and thus potentially involved in secondary cell wall formation (fibre thickening). The bioinformatic analysis of the promoter regions shows that the FLAs upregulated in the younger regions of the stem share a conserved motif related to flowering control and regulation of photoperiod perception. The promoters of the FLA genes expressed at higher levels in the older stem regions, instead, share a motif putatively recognized by MYB3, a transcriptional repressor belonging to the MYB family subgroup S4. Conclusions: These results point to the existence of a transcriptional network fine-tuning the expression of FLA genes in the older and younger regions of the stem, as well as in the bast fibres/shivs of textile hemp. In summary, our study paves the way for future analyses on the b

Background: The fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLAs) belong to the arabinogalactan protein (AGP) superfamily and are known to play different physiological roles in plants. This class of proteins was shown to participate in plant growth, development, defense against abiotic stresses and, notably, cell wall biosynthesis. Although some studies are available on the characterization of FLA genes from different species, both woody and herbaceous, no detailed information is available on the FLA family of textile hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), an economically important fibre crop. Results: By searching the Cannabis genome and EST databases, 23 CsaFLAs have been here identified which are divided into four phylogenetic groups. A real-time qPCR analysis performed on stem tissues (isolated bast fibres and shivs sampled at three heights), hypocotyls (6-9-12-15-17-20 days-old), whole seedlings, roots, leaves and female/male flowers of the monoecious fibre variety Santhica 27, indicates that the identified FLA genes are differentially expressed. Interestingly, some hemp FLAs are expressed during early phases of fibre growth (elongation), while others are more expressed in the middle and base of the stem and thus potentially involved in secondary cell wall formation (fibre thickening). The bioinformatic analysis of the promoter regions shows that the FLAs upregulated in the younger regions of the stem share a conserved motif related to flowering control and regulation of photoperiod perception. The promoters of the FLA genes expressed at higher levels in the older stem regions, instead, share a motif putatively recognized by MYB3, a transcriptional repressor belonging to the MYB family subgroup S4. Conclusions: These results point to the existence of a transcriptional network fine-tuning the expression of FLA genes in the older and younger regions of the stem, as well as in the bast fibres/shivs of textile hemp. In summary, our study paves the way for future analyses on the b

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The Preisach model is a powerful tool for modelling the hysteresis phenomenon on multilayer piezo actuators under large signal excitation. In this paper, measurements at different temperatures are presented, showing the effect on the density of the Preisach matrix. An energy-based approach is presented, aiming at defining a temperature-dependent phenomenological model of hysteresis for a better understanding of the non-linear effects in piezo actuators.

This paper relates work done during the DiLAF project. It consists in converting 5 bilingual African language-French dictionaries originally in Word format into XML following the LMF model. The languages processed are Bambara, Hausa, Kanuri, Tamajaq and Songhai-zarma, still considered as under-resourced languages concerning Natural Language Processing tools. Once converted, the dictionaries are available online on the Jibiki platform for lookup and modification. The DiLAF project is first presented. A description of each dictionary follows. Then, the conversion methodology from .doc format to XML files is presented. A specific point on the usage of Unicode follows. Then, each step of the conversion into XML and LMF is detailed. The last part presents the Jibiki lexical resources management platform used for the project., Comment: 8 pages

Economic issues related to the information processing techniques are very important. The development of such technologies is a major asset for developing countries like Cambodia and Laos, and emerging ones like Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand. The MotAMot project aims to computerize an under-resourced language: Khmer, spoken mainly in Cambodia. The main goal of the project is the development of a multilingual lexical system targeted for Khmer. The macrostructure is a pivot one with each word sense of each language linked to a pivot axi. The microstructure comes from a simplification of the explanatory and combinatory dictionary. The lexical system has been initialized with data coming mainly from the conversion of the French-Khmer bilingual dictionary of Denis Richer from Word to XML format. The French part was completed with pronunciation and parts-of-speech coming from the FeM French-english-Malay dictionary. The Khmer headwords noted in IPA in the Richer dictionary were converted to Khmer writing with OpenFST, a finite state transducer tool. The resulting resource is available online for lookup, editing, download and remote programming via a REST API on a Jibiki platform., Comment: 8 pages, Languages Resources and Evaluation Conference, Reykjavik : Iceland (2014)

The Piezoelectric Actuator Drive (PAD) is a type of rotary motor that transforms the linear motion of piezoelectric stack actuators into a precise rotational motion. The very high stiffness of the actuators employed make this type of motor suited for open-loop control, but the inherent hysteresis exhibited by piezoelectric ceramics causes losses. Therefore, this paper presents a straightforward method to measure piezoelectric stack actuator equiv- alent parameters that includes nonlinearities. By folding the nonlinearities into a newly-defined cou- pling coefficient, the inherent hysteretic behavior of piezoelectric stack actuators can be greatly reduced through precompensation. Experimental results show a fitting accuracy of 98.8 % between the model and measurements and a peak absolute error reduction by a factor of 10 compared to the manufacturer- provided parameter. This method improves both the static and dynamic performance of the Piezoelectric Actuator Drive (PAD) while still permitting open-loop control.

Influenza A NS1 and NS2 proteins are encoded by the RNA segment 8 of the viral genome. NS1 is a multifunctional protein and a virulence factor while NS2 is involved in nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes. A yeast two-hybrid screening strategy was used to identify host factors supporting NS1 and NS2 functions. More than 560 interactions between 79 cellular proteins and NS1 and NS2 proteins from 9 different influenza virus strains have been identified. These interacting proteins are potentially involved in each step of the infectious process and their contribution to viral replication was tested by RNA interference. Validation of the relevance of these host cell proteins for the viral replication cycle revealed that 7 of the 79 NS1 and/or NS2-interacting proteins positively or negatively controlled virus replication. One of the main factors targeted by NS1 of all virus strains was double-stranded RNA binding domain protein family. In particular, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) appeared as a pro-viral host factor whose expression is necessary for optimal viral protein synthesis and replication. Surprisingly, ADAR1 also appeared as a pro-viral host factor for dengue virus replication and directly interacted with the viral NS3 protein. ADAR1 editing activity was enhanced by both viruses through dengue virus NS3 and influenza virus NS1 proteins, suggesting a similar virus-host co-evolution., Journal Article, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Influenza A NS1 and NS2 proteins are encoded by the RNA segment 8 of the viral genome. NS1 is a multifunctional protein and a virulence factor while NS2 is involved in nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes. A yeast two-hybrid screening strategy was used to identify host factors supporting NS1 and NS2 functions. More than 560 interactions between 79 cellular proteins and NS1 and NS2 proteins from 9 different influenza virus strains have been identified. These interacting proteins are potentially involved in each step of the infectious process and their contribution to viral replication was tested by RNA interference. Validation of the relevance of these host cell proteins for the viral replication cycle revealed that 7 of the 79 NS1 and/or NS2-interacting proteins positively or negatively controlled virus replication. One of the main factors targeted by NS1 of all virus strains was double-stranded RNA binding domain protein family. In particular, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) appeared as a pro-viral host factor whose expression is necessary for optimal viral protein synthesis and replication. Surprisingly, ADAR1 also appeared as a pro-viral host factor for dengue virus replication and directly interacted with the viral NS3 protein. ADAR1 editing activity was enhanced by both viruses through dengue virus NS3 and influenza virus NS1 proteins, suggesting a similar virus-host co-evolution., Journal Article, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Through resent years new high performing Dielectric Electro Active Polymers (DEAP) have emerged. To fully utilize the potential of DEAPs a driver with high voltage output is needed. In this paper a piezoelectric transformer based power supply for driving DEAP actuators is developed, utilizing a burst mode control technique. Controlling and driving a DEAP actuator between 250V to 2.5kV is demonstrated, where discrete like voltage change and voltage ripple is observed, which is introduced by the burst mode control. Measurements of the actuator strain-force reveal that the voltage ripples translates to small strain-force ripples. Nevertheless the driver demonstrates good capabilities of following an input reference signal, as well as having the size to fit inside a 110 mm x 32 mm cylindrical InLastor Push actuator, forming a “low voltage” DEAP actuator.

Through resent years new high performing Dielectric Electro Active Polymers (DEAP) have emerged. To fully utilize the potential of DEAPs a driver with high voltage output is needed. In this paper a piezoelectric transformer based power supply for driving DEAP actuators is developed, utilizing a burst mode control technique. Controlling and driving a DEAP actuator between 250V to 2.5kV is demonstrated, where discrete like voltage change and voltage ripple is observed, which is introduced by the burst mode control. Measurements of the actuator strain-force reveal that the voltage ripples translates to small strain-force ripples. Nevertheless the driver demonstrates good capabilities of following an input reference signal, as well as having the size to fit inside a 110 mm x 32 mm cylindrical InLastor Push actuator, forming a “low voltage” DEAP actuator.

Through resent years new high performing Dielectric Electro Active Polymers (DEAP) have emerged. To fully utilize the potential of DEAPs a driver with high voltage output is needed. In this paper a piezoelectric transformer based power supply for driving DEAP actuators is developed, utilizing a burst mode control technique. Controlling and driving a DEAP actuator between 250V to 2.5kV is demonstrated, where discrete like voltage change and voltage ripple is observed, which is introduced by the burst mode control. Measurements of the actuator strain-force reveal that the voltage ripples translates to small strain-force ripples. Nevertheless the driver demonstrates good capabilities of following an input reference signal, as well as having the size to fit inside a 110 mm x 32 mm cylindrical InLastor Push actuator, forming a “low voltage” DEAP actuator.

The influenza virus transcribes and replicates its genome inside the nucleus of infected cells. Both activities are performed by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is composed of the three subunits PA, PB1, and PB2, and recent studies have shown that it requires host cell factors to transcribe and replicate the viral genome. To identify these cellular partners, we generated a comprehensive physical interaction map between each polymerase subunit and the host cellular proteome. A total of 109 human interactors were identified by yeast two-hybrid screens, whereas 90 were retrieved by literature mining. We built the FluPol interactome network composed of the influenza virus polymerase (PA, PB1, and PB2) and the nucleoprotein NP and 234 human proteins that are connected through 279 viral-cellular protein interactions. Analysis of this interactome map revealed enriched cellular functions associated with the influenza virus polymerase, including host factors involved in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription and mRNA processing. We confirmed that eight influenza virus polymerase-interacting proteins are required for virus replication and transcriptional activity of the viral polymerase. These are involved in cellular transcription (C14orf166, COPS5, MNAT1, NMI, and POLR2A), translation (EIF3S6IP), nuclear transport (NUP54), and DNA repair (FANCG). Conversely, we identified PRKRA, which acts as an inhibitor of the viral polymerase transcriptional activity and thus is required for the cellular antiviral response., Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The influenza virus transcribes and replicates its genome inside the nucleus of infected cells. Both activities are performed by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is composed of the three subunits PA, PB1, and PB2, and recent studies have shown that it requires host cell factors to transcribe and replicate the viral genome. To identify these cellular partners, we generated a comprehensive physical interaction map between each polymerase subunit and the host cellular proteome. A total of 109 human interactors were identified by yeast two-hybrid screens, whereas 90 were retrieved by literature mining. We built the FluPol interactome network composed of the influenza virus polymerase (PA, PB1, and PB2) and the nucleoprotein NP and 234 human proteins that are connected through 279 viral-cellular protein interactions. Analysis of this interactome map revealed enriched cellular functions associated with the influenza virus polymerase, including host factors involved in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription and mRNA processing. We confirmed that eight influenza virus polymerase-interacting proteins are required for virus replication and transcriptional activity of the viral polymerase. These are involved in cellular transcription (C14orf166, COPS5, MNAT1, NMI, and POLR2A), translation (EIF3S6IP), nuclear transport (NUP54), and DNA repair (FANCG). Conversely, we identified PRKRA, which acts as an inhibitor of the viral polymerase transcriptional activity and thus is required for the cellular antiviral response., Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

A proteome-wide mapping of interactions between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human proteins was performed to provide a comprehensive view of the cellular infection. A total of 314 protein-protein interactions between HCV and human proteins was identified by yeast two-hybrid and 170 by literature mining. Integration of this data set into a reconstructed human interactome showed that cellular proteins interacting with HCV are enriched in highly central and interconnected proteins. A global analysis on the basis of functional annotation highlighted the enrichment of cellular pathways targeted by HCV. A network of proteins associated with frequent clinical disorders of chronically infected patients was constructed by connecting the insulin, Jak/STAT and TGFbeta pathways with cellular proteins targeted by HCV. CORE protein appeared as a major perturbator of this network. Focal adhesion was identified as a new function affected by HCV, mainly by NS3 and NS5A proteins., Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

A proteome-wide mapping of interactions between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human proteins was performed to provide a comprehensive view of the cellular infection. A total of 314 protein-protein interactions between HCV and human proteins was identified by yeast two-hybrid and 170 by literature mining. Integration of this data set into a reconstructed human interactome showed that cellular proteins interacting with HCV are enriched in highly central and interconnected proteins. A global analysis on the basis of functional annotation highlighted the enrichment of cellular pathways targeted by HCV. A network of proteins associated with frequent clinical disorders of chronically infected patients was constructed by connecting the insulin, Jak/STAT and TGFbeta pathways with cellular proteins targeted by HCV. CORE protein appeared as a major perturbator of this network. Focal adhesion was identified as a new function affected by HCV, mainly by NS3 and NS5A proteins., Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Contient une table des matières, Avec mode texte

Contient une table des matières, Avec mode texte

Sur papier à en-tête du "Monde musical", Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : BmLHav000

Contient une table des matières, Avec mode texte

Sur papier à en-tête biffé du Cabinet du Sous-Secrétaire d'Etat des Beaux-Arts, Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : BmLHav000

Titre uniforme : Debussy, Claude (1862-1918). Compositeur. [Sonates. Violon, piano. FL 148. Sol mineur], Titre uniforme : Debussy, Claude (1862-1918). Compositeur. [Les sons et les parfums tournent dans l'air du soir. FL 125, no 4], Contient une table des matières

Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : MAEDIGen0, Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : MAEDI011, Avec mode texte

Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : MAEDIGen0, Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : MAEDI011, Avec mode texte

Contient une table des matières, Avec mode texte

Titre uniforme : Saint-Saëns, Camille (1835-1921). Compositeur. [Sérénades. Voix, piano], Mélodies acc. de piano -- +* 1800......- 1899......+:19e siècle, Mélodies françaises -- +* 1800......- 1899......+:19e siècle, Sérénades (musique vocale) -- +* 1800......- 1899......+:19e siècle

Titre uniforme : Saint-Saëns, Camille (1835-1921). Compositeur. [Sérénades. Voix, piano], Mélodies acc. de piano -- +* 1800......- 1899......+:19e siècle, Mélodies françaises -- +* 1800......- 1899......+:19e siècle, Sérénades (musique vocale) -- +* 1800......- 1899......+:19e siècle

A systematic comparison between flotation in mechanical cells and that in column cells was carried out at the scale of a pilot plant test on the Cu-Zn ore of Chessy. This study provided the data for an industrial flowsheet using one single column for each of the copper and the zinc circuits in which both roughing and cleaning operations are combined. The economic advantages of this choice are found not only in lower capital investment and operating costs but also in higher revenues. It is estimated that the overall gain will be about US, A systematic comparison between flotation in mechanical cells and that in column cells was carried out at the scale of a pilot plant test on the Cu-Zn ore of Chessy. This study provided the data for an industrial flowsheet using one single column for each of the copper and the zinc circuits in which both roughing and cleaning operations are combined. The economic advantages of this choice are found not only in lower capital investment and operating costs but also in higher revenues. It is estimated that the overall gain will be about US

International audience, This paper discusses automatic regulation in participative Web systems. We present a generic solution with an original trace-centered approach. We describe an experiment with a general trace-based system (TBS) called CARTE (Collection, activity Analysis and Regulation based on Traces Enriched) featuring a regulation mechanism and we couple this system with an on-line generic platform for managing lexical resources called Jibikipedia.

International audience, After four years of life, the Papillon project is dying. In this paper, I summarise the current situation and then give my opinion of the reasons why we did not achieve what we planned four years ago. Then, taking these reasons as a starting point I propose to go back to the original aim of the project, i.e. to build an online bilingual French-Japanese dictionary free of rights. I describe the macro and microstructures, the new methodology and the existing data we could (re)use in order to build at once a bidirectional bilingual dictionary with links that can be directly inte- grated afterwards in a multilingual pivot database. This (sub)project serves several goals: first, to build the dictionary itself of course, second, to motivate and federate contributors around a project and a platform, third, to advertise the Papillon project, fourth, to test the platform and the methodologies in real conditions and fifth, to build linked data that can be reused in a more long term for the Papillon Multilingual database. Of course, I cannot achieve this alone, so I am looking for support from your part!

International audience, This paper describes the first five years of life of the Papillon project with four main phases: the birth with the motivations of such a project; the extension with the decision to build a multilingual pivot dictionary; the implementation with the realization of "Jibiki", a generic dictionary management platform and the population with the use of semantic vectors for linking entries and an ongoing project: word games, for creating specific lexical information.

International audience, Le projet MotAMot d'élaboration d'un système lexical multilingue est ciblé sur des langues d'Asie du sud-est, en particulier le vietnamien et le khmer. La macrostructure est une structure pivot avec un volume pour chaque langue autour d'un volume pivot reliant les sens de mot de chaque langue entre eux. La microstructure est basée sur la lexicographie explicative et combinatoire. Les contributions se feront en ligne, sur la plate-forme Jibiki, par des communautés de bénévoles constituées autour de jeux sérieux lexicaux. Chaque donnée se verra attribuer un niveau de qualité, de même pour chaque contributeur.

Antep, Las h. de lám. son grab. xil

RésuméLa nécessité de disposer d’indicateurs pertinents pour évaluer la qualité et l’efficacité des services d’information-documentation est apparue dans ce milieu professionnel il y a un certain temps déjà. Un groupe de travail réunissant plusieurs professionnels de l’information et documentation spécialisés dans le domaine de l’énergie s’est collectivement attaché à définir des indicateurs quantitatifs et qualitatifs de performance de leurs services documentaires. C’est le compte rendu de cette expérience qu’ils proposent dans cet article, avec les réflexions et les conseils que leur a inspirés cet exercice.