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Wetlands are often found in areas that undergo periodic flooding, such as coastal seas, lakes, and rivers. Coastal wetlands are particularly vulnerable to climate change effects, such as changes in precipitation patterns, risk of extreme rainfall, and cyclones/storms. This study assessed the uncertainties associated with extreme rainfalls in terms of return levels (RLs; 20 and 50 years) and quantified the potential risk level of these events in the future for coastal wetlands in India. The extreme precipitation indices (EPIs) were evaluated using a non-stationary approach, and the results showed that Thane Creek had the highest RLs, followed by Kolleru Lake. The risk level for each wetland was assessed using the fuzzy logic approach, which considered parameters such as exposure, vulnerability, and threat. The overall risk assessment showed that Thane Creek, Kolleru Lake, Pallikaranai Marsh Reserve Forest, and Tampara Lake are at a “High” risk level for both RLs of EPIs. Furthermore, the automated Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) thresholding technique was employed in Google Earth Engine to create inundation maps of wetlands. This study also indicated that Thane Creek is at risk of flooding based on the analysis of spatiotemporal changes. The impact evaluation of Thane Creek showed that rapid urbanization has encroached upon the creek's boundaries. Therefore, the variability of EPIs may be affected by climatic oscillations, leading to an upsurge in extreme rainfalls, causing the coastal wetlands to flood. Policymakers can use these findings to develop effective strategies for the proper management of coastal wetlands.

Introduction: The human skin, the body’s largest organ, serves vital functions in physical protection and health  reflection. However, modern lifestyle factors often compromise skin health, leading individuals to rely on cosmetic  products that may exacerbate damage.  Materials and Methods: Ayurveda, an ancient Indian medicinal system, offers holistic approaches to skin care and  beauty maintenance, emphasizing internal and external well-being. Ayurvedic texts detail various herbal formulations  and practices for skin care, including external applications like Lepa and internal remedies such as Vayasthapan Mahakashaya and Varnya Mahakashaya. Results: Ayurveda addresses a broad spectrum of dermatological concerns, including skin and hair care, fairness,  stretch mark elimination, foot care, hair coloring, removal, acne treatment, scar reduction, and dandruff management.  These treatments are known for their safety, affordability, and high efficacy. Discussion: This review explores Ayurvedic principles and practices relevant to contemporary dermatological  challenges, highlighting its effectiveness in skin care and beauty maintenance. Conclusion: Ayurveda presents promising solutions for modern skin care dilemmas, offering safe, affordable, and  effective alternatives to conventional cosmetic products.&nbsp

Drug, the armour of a physician has been been placed next to him among the quadruples of  the treatment, and is included under the Trisutra, which has the potential to bring about  reversal in the processes of pathogenesis and mitigatation of the signs and symptoms of the  disease. Incidence of Skin diseases are increasing day by day as the exposure to pollutants,  improper food habits, asatmya sevana etc are increased. Thus to prevent or to cure this, a  planned approach having principles of nidana parivarajana with Drug i.e. Haridra khanada  will surely stop the pathogenesis. Haridra khanada having kandughna, kushthghna, varnya,  shothhara, anti-inflammatory properties etc., therefore will surely do the samprapti vighatana  of shaatapitta-udarad-kotha. This is a review study to rule out the mode of action of haridra  khanada in management of sheetapitta-uadrad-kotha.

In this paper, we propose a novel video depth estimation approach, FutureDepth, which enables the model to implicitly leverage multi-frame and motion cues to improve depth estimation by making it learn to predict the future at training. More specifically, we propose a future prediction network, F-Net, which takes the features of multiple consecutive frames and is trained to predict multi-frame features one time step ahead iteratively. In this way, F-Net learns the underlying motion and correspondence information, and we incorporate its features into the depth decoding process. Additionally, to enrich the learning of multiframe correspondence cues, we further leverage a reconstruction network, R-Net, which is trained via adaptively masked auto-encoding of multiframe feature volumes. At inference time, both F-Net and R-Net are used to produce queries to work with the depth decoder, as well as a final refinement network. Through extensive experiments on several benchmarks, i.e., NYUDv2, KITTI, DDAD, and Sintel, which cover indoor, driving, and open-domain scenarios, we show that FutureDepth significantly improves upon baseline models, outperforms existing video depth estimation methods, and sets new state-of-the-art (SOTA) accuracy. Furthermore, FutureDepth is more efficient than existing SOTA video depth estimation models and has similar latencies when comparing to monocular models

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach that harnesses both 2D and 3D attentions to enable highly accurate depth completion without requiring iterative spatial propagations. Specifically, we first enhance a baseline convolutional depth completion model by applying attention to 2D features in the bottleneck and skip connections. This effectively improves the performance of this simple network and sets it on par with the latest, complex transformer-based models. Leveraging the initial depths and features from this network, we uplift the 2D features to form a 3D point cloud and construct a 3D point transformer to process it, allowing the model to explicitly learn and exploit 3D geometric features. In addition, we propose normalization techniques to process the point cloud, which improves learning and leads to better accuracy than directly using point transformers off the shelf. Furthermore, we incorporate global attention on downsampled point cloud features, which enables long-range context while still being computationally feasible. We evaluate our method, DeCoTR, on established depth completion benchmarks, including NYU Depth V2 and KITTI, showcasing that it sets new state-of-the-art performance. We further conduct zero-shot evaluations on ScanNet and DDAD benchmarks and demonstrate that DeCoTR has superior generalizability compared to existing approaches., Comment: Accepted at CVPR 2024

Pratishyaya is an Urdwajatrugata Vikara (disease above the clavicle) that can be triggered by minor etiological factors. Vataja Pratishyaya is one of the five forms of Pratishyaya mentioned in our classics and Vata is the primary dosha, with Kapha, Pitta, and Rakta as associated doshas. Vataja Pratishyaya can be correlated with Allergic Rhinitis, which is frequently encountered in OPD practise and is mostly caused by allergens and environmental pollution. Allergic Rhinitis is caused by inhalent allergens which are inhaled through nose and cause the release of freshly generated or preformed mediators. It's an atopic disorder. Atopic dermatitis is described as a family history of sensitization to allergens in the environment (pollen, dust etc). It is a benign but chronic upper airway condition with an overall frequency of around 18% in the general population. Allergy is scientifically defined in Ayurveda under the Asatmayaj Vyadhi, while its consequences are explained in inherited, Virudhahara, Dushivish, and Ritusandhi. It occurs on a regular basis, and on attending Jeerna avastha, Nasya is the main line of treatment. It is a part of Panchakarma chikitsa and is very effective. An effort has been made in this review to examine the potentials of Nasya karma in treating Pratishaya (Allergic Rhinitis).

Peshiare the compact form of Mamsa Dhatuhaving muscle fibres are arranged side by side and separated with each other. Peshiare lengthy and have fleshy appearance. PittaYuktaVayuenters the Mamsaand then divides it into Peshi. Peshiare component of body mainly composed of MamsaDhatu.Most of treatises provide the brief knowledge regarding the Peshi, but Acharya Sushrutamentioned more in details about the types, location, distribution, number and function of Peshi. The total number of Peshisenumerated is 500. Amongst these, 400 are located in Shakha, 66 in Koshthaand 34 in Greevapratyurdhwa. 100 Peshis of each upper limb divided under 8 regions and categorised under 12 Swaroopas. However, there is no specific identification of different Peshis based on Swaroopa, provided in the Samhita. Objective of this study is to study the literature on PeshiShareeraw.s.r. to UrdhavashakhagataPeshiin the light of modern science by cadaveric study and to categorise the Peshis of upper limbs into 12 Swaroopas. As per literary and cadaveric study, a total of 53 Peshis are found in the upper limb. 9 of 12 Swaroopaare found to be relevant for categorising the UrdhavashakhaPeshis. The reason for the difference in the number of Peshis could be inclusion of tendons or aponeurosis, or single muscle observed in two or more regions or 2 heads of origin of a single muscle as two.

Our attempts to use an ionic liquid strategy to force f-element coordination of soft donor adenine and 4,5-dicyanoimidazole using 1-pot reactions in water using hydrated lanthanide salts failed, instead resulting in the isolation of anhydrous lanthanide nitrate salts. Reactions of previously ground mixtures of 40 % aq. [P4444][OH] and adenine with Nd(NO3)3·6H2O or Sm(NO3)3·6H2O followed by hand grinding and heating to 90 °C for 10 h led to hot crystallization of anhydrous [P4444]2[Nd(NO3)5] and [P4444]2[Sm(NO3)5]. The same reaction with 4,5-dicyanoimidazole and Nd(NO3)3·6H2O but without heating (10 h, room temperature) to prevent ligand decomposition, led to crystallization of anhydrous [P4444]3[Nd(NO3)6]. [P4444]3[Nd(NO3)6] could also be isolated by conducting the first reaction without using adenine. The single crystal X-ray diffraction structures of the three new anhydrous salts were examined to provide clues to the observed behavior. The [P4444]+ cations allow charge balance while forming box-type encapsulations around the anionic counterpart which has been previously reported in similar structures. The fact that these anhydrous salts were prepared from water with hydrated starting materials and no precautions taken to keep the crystal growing process anhydrous, suggests synthetic strategies that can potentially be beneficial for more advanced separations procedures.

Microorganisms, including fungi, are known to exert various functions and are being utilized for various purposes. The fungal invasion of the plants is thought to be completely enzymatic process, which are produced by the invading fungi. The major elements of plant cell walls are polysaccharide, hemicellulose and polymer, with polysaccharide being the foremost abundant part (Hans et al., 2003). Most of the fungi have the ability to penetrate to the cell wall of plants through the actions of different enzymes, that work solely or in combination to allow fungal hypae to invade through the broken cell wall. These enzymes are primarily cellulase, pectinase and amylase enzymes that soften the carbohydrate containing cell wall of plants (Gherbawy, 1998). Further, high water content in most of the fruits and vegetables, coupled with optimum pH conditions provides fungi an added advantage for the invasion and because of this, degradation due to fungi is a more common phenomenon. Refrigeration of fruits and vegetables at low temperatures is thought to be a good technique to avoid fungal invasion, though is not completely foolproof.

The light braneworld radion, stabilized via the Goldberger-Wise mechanism in the Randall-Sundrum model, can be produced copiously inside the supernova core due to plasmon-plasmon annihilations. The radion, thus produced, subsequently decays to a neutrino-antineutrino pair and takes away the energy released in the SN1987A explosion. Assuming that the supernovae cooling rate for any new physics channel(Raffelt's criterion) $\dot{\varepsilon}(\gamma_P\gamma_P \stackrel{\phi}{\longrightarrow} \nu_{\tau} \overline{\nu}_{\tau}) \leq 7.288\times 10^{-27} \rm{GeV}$, we find the lower bound on the radion vacuum expectation value $\langle\phi\rangle \sim 3$~TeV for $m_\phi = 30$ MeV corresponding to the deformation parameter $q=1.17$ in the Tsallis statistics formalism. In the scenario with $q=1$, we find $\langle\phi\rangle = 178$ GeV for $m_\phi = 30$ MeV., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures

Microorganisms, including fungi, are known to exert various functions and are being utilized for various purposes. The fungal invasion of the plants is thought to be completely enzymatic process, which are produced by the invading fungi. The major elements of plant cell walls are polysaccharide, hemicellulose and polymer, with polysaccharide being the foremost abundant part (Hans et al., 2003). Most of the fungi have the ability to penetrate to the cell wall of plants through the actions of different enzymes, that work solely or in combination to allow fungal hypae to invade through the broken cell wall. These enzymes are primarily cellulase, pectinase and amylase enzymes that soften the carbohydrate containing cell wall of plants (Gherbawy, 1998). Further, high water content in most of the fruits and vegetables, coupled with optimum pH conditions provides fungi an added advantage for the invasion and because of this, degradation due to fungi is a more common phenomenon. Refrigeration of fruits and vegetables at low temperatures is thought to be a good technique to avoid fungal invasion, though is not completely foolproof.

Wood and other bio-based building materials are often perceived as a good choice from a climate mitigation perspective. This article compares the life cycle assessment of the same multi-residential building from the perspective of 16 countries participating in the international project Annex 72 of the International Energy Agency to determine the effects of different datasets and methods of accounting for biogenic carbon in wood construction. Three assessment methods are herein considered: two recognized in the standards (the so-called 0/0 method and −1/+1 method) and a variation of the latter (−1/+1* method) used in Australia, Canada, France, and New Zealand. The 0/0 method considers neither fixation in the production stage nor releases of biogenic carbon at the end of a wood product's life. In contrast, the −1/+1 method accounts for the fixation of biogenic carbon in the production stage and its release in the end-of-life stage, irrespective of the disposal scenario (recycling, incineration or landfill). The −1/+1 method assumes that landfills offer only a temporary sequestration of carbon. In the −1/+1* variation, landfills and recycling are considered a partly permanent sequestration of biogenic carbon and thus fewer emissions are accounted for in the end-of-life stage. We examine the variability of the calculated life cycle-based greenhouse gas emissions calculated for a case study building by each participating country, within the same assessment method and across the methods. The results vary substantially. The main reasons for deviations are whether or not landfills and recycling are considered a partly permanent sequestration of biogenic carbon and a mismatch in the biogenic carbon balance. Our findings support the need for further research and to develop practical guidelines to harmonize life cycle assessment methods of buildings with bio-based materials.

Wood and other bio-based building materials are often perceived as a good choice from a climate mitigation perspective. This article compares the life cycle assessment of the same multi-residential building from the perspective of 16 countries participating in the international project Annex 72 of the International Energy Agency to determine the effects of different datasets and methods of accounting for biogenic carbon in wood construction. Three assessment methods are herein considered: two recognized in the standards (the so-called 0/0 method and −1/+1 method) and a variation of the latter (−1/+1* method) used in Australia, Canada, France, and New Zealand. The 0/0 method considers neither fixation in the production stage nor releases of biogenic carbon at the end of a wood product's life. In contrast, the −1/+1 method accounts for the fixation of biogenic carbon in the production stage and its release in the end-of-life stage, irrespective of the disposal scenario (recycling, incineration or landfill). The −1/+1 method assumes that landfills offer only a temporary sequestration of carbon. In the −1/+1* variation, landfills and recycling are considered a partly permanent sequestration of biogenic carbon and thus fewer emissions are accounted for in the end-of-life stage. We examine the variability of the calculated life cycle-based greenhouse gas emissions calculated for a case study building by each participating country, within the same assessment method and across the methods. The results vary substantially. The main reasons for deviations are whether or not landfills and recycling are considered a partly permanent sequestration of biogenic carbon and a mismatch in the biogenic carbon balance. Our findings support the need for further research and to develop practical guidelines to harmonize life cycle assessment methods of buildings with bio-based materials.

Bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) for acid and base recovery and batch reverse osmosis (BRO) for water recovery are analyzed technically and economically as a dairy wastewater treatment solution. The proposed process layouts also aimed to utilize recovered water and chemical within same industrial plant. The hybridization of BMED with BRO process is used to reduce capital and operating cost of BMED unit and compared with the standalone BMED process. The analysis reveals that the hybridization of BRO-BMED system achieve 25.8% less unit cost and three times higher concentration of acid and base chemicals compare to standalone system. The comparison of system is done at optimum current density of BMED process and permeate flux of BRO process. Sensitivity analysis of permeate flux, current density and feed salinity is carried out. The higher feed concentration is desirable and reduces the cost in BMED process and same with current density but up to 409 and 255 A/m2 in hybrid and standalone system respectively. In hybrid system, the multi-response surface analysis observes that higher permeate flux in BRO reduces the BMED cost but increases the BRO cost and the minimum cost of 14 USD/kmol is achieved at 26 LMH permeate flux., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Introduction-Ayurveda is a holistic science of life in which many  fundamental principles related to Dosha, Dushya, Stotras, Vyadhi utpatti  and Vyadhi cikitsa etc. have been described. Ayurveda has presented many  aspects related to the prevention of disease and avoidance of diagnosis in  the context of Nidana Parivarjan. Diagnosis plays an important role in the  manifestation of any disease. Sometimes the disease itself acts as a  diagnosis and plays an important role in the onset of another disease.  Material & Methods-Material has been collected from Ayurvedic  Samhitas, different Research Articles, the internet, etc.  Discussion- This concept is explained by Acharya Charaka under the title  Nidanarthakar Roga (one disease itself becomes the cause of another  disease). In today's time, it is very important to know the diagnosis of any  disease. The present era is more challenging for medical science due to the  emergence of various lifestyle diseases. Obesity is also a serious problem  related to lifestyle in today's era. Obesity often serves as a diagnosis for  various diseases. Obesity is the cause of high blood pressure, diabetes,  infertility, heart disease, some types of fatal diseases.

In March 2022, large parts over the north Indian plains including the breadbasket region, and southern Pakistan began experiencing prolonged heat, which continued into May. The event was exacerbated due to prevailing dry conditions in the region, resulting in devastating consequences for public health and agriculture. Using event attribution methods, we analyse the role of human-induced climate change in altering the chances of such an event. To capture the extent of the impacts, we choose March-April average of daily maximum temperature over the most affected region in India and Pakistan as the variable. In observations, the 2022 event has a return period of ~1-in-100 years. For each of the climate models, we then calculate the change in probability and intensity of a 1-in-100 year event between the actual and counterfactual worlds for quantifying the role of climate change. We estimate that human-caused climate change made this heatwave about 1°C hotter and 30 times more likely in the current, 2022 climate, as compared to the 1.2 °C cooler, pre-industrial climate. Under a future global warming of 2°C above pre-industrial levels, heatwaves like this are expected to become even more common (2–20 times more likely) and hotter (by 0-1.5°C) compared to now. Stronger and frequent heat waves in the future will impact vulnerable groups as conditions in some regions exceed limits for human survivability. Therefore, mitigation is essential for avoiding loss of lives and livelihood. Heat Action Plans (HAPs) have proved effective to help reduce heat-related mortality in both countrie, In March 2022, large parts over the north Indian plains including the breadbasket region, and southern Pakistan began experiencing prolonged heat, which continued into May. The event was exacerbated due to prevailing dry conditions in the region, resulting in devastating consequences for public health and agriculture. Using event attribution methods, we analyse the role of human-induced climate change in altering the chances of such an event. To capture the extent of the impacts, we choose March–April average of daily maximum temperature over the most affected region in India and Pakistan as the variable. In observations, the 2022 event has a return period of ∼1-in-100 years. For each of the climate models, we then calculate the change in probability and intensity of a 1-in-100 year event between the actual and counterfactual worlds for quantifying the role of climate change. We estimate that human-caused climate change made this heatwave about 1 °C hotter and 30 times more likely in the current, 2022 climate, as compared to the 1.2 °C cooler, pre-industrial climate. Under a future global warming of 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, heatwaves like this are expected to become even more common (2–20 times more likely) and hotter (by 0 °C–1.5 °C) compared to now. Stronger and frequent heat waves in the future will impact vulnerable groups as conditions in some regions exceed limits for human survivability. Therefore, mitigation is essential for avoiding loss of lives and livelihood. Heat Action Plans have proved effective to help reduce heat-related mortality in both countries.

Modern undergraduates and graduate students are keenly interested in the various ways in which chemistry impacts everyday life. This interest stems partly from career imperatives, but also from a natural interest in the relationship between fundamental science and the technology that increasingly dominates our lives. Classical chemistry courses at the university level rightly emphasize fundamental science. But courses that focus on the utilization of that chemistry are still rare. This book is an outgrowth of a course in materials chemistry that I have taught for several years in the Chemistry Department at various Institutions. It is a course taken by advanced undergraduates and by students who are in the first year of the graduate program in chemistry, most of whom have had little or no prior exposure to materials science. The class has also attracted undergraduates from materials science and chemical engineering programs who are seeking a general overview of the field. The subject matter is wide-ranging and, because the course extends over only one semester, the treatment aims for breadth, understanding, and perspective rather than great depth. The athematical foundations of the field are deliberately excluded in order to emphasize chemical concepts rather than the traditional engineering or physics treatments. A challenge with this approach is that published material relevant to this subject is widely scattered in specialist books and research articles, and this presents a problem for students who seek to access background reading material. Thus, I have written this book in order to present a qualitative overview of relevant chemistry-related aspects and to provide a springboard to encourage readers to delve deeper into specific topics. Each chapter ends with a brief summary of future challenges in the different fields that could form the basis of class discussions and brainstorming sessions. A few of the references are to historical, ground-breaking articles t

In the age of unprecedented global challenges, "Sustainable Solutions for a Changing World" emerges as a testament to the power of multidisciplinary collaboration and collective wisdom. Our planet is at a crossroads, with environmental, social, and economic changes converging in ways that demand innovative, holistic responses. As we face climate disruptions, resource depletion, social inequalities, and technological revolutions, the need for sustainable solutions has never been more pressing. This edited volume is a symphony of voices from diverse disciplines harmonizing to address the multifaceted challenges of our time. We believe that true progress emerges when we embrace the richness of diverse perspectives, ideas, and approaches. The chapters within this book reflect this belief, weaving together threads from the natural and social sciences, humanities, engineering, and beyond to create a tapestry of insights and solutions. Our contributors, experts in their respective fields, have devoted their knowledge, passion, and energy to share their visions of a more sustainable world. They explore the intricate interplay between humans and the environment, the ethical considerations that underpin sustainable practices, and the innovations that hold the promise of transformative change. Each chapter is a window into a different facet of sustainability, offering both depth and breadth in our collective understanding of the challenges and opportunities before us. As editors, we are profoundly grateful to the authors who have contributed their expertise and creativity to this endeavor. We believe that the ideas and solutions presented within these pages will inspire readers to think critically, act intentionally, and collaborate across boundaries. Sustainability is not a solitary endeavor; it requires a shared commitment to change, and this book serves as a rallying point for all who are ready to engage.  We invite you, dear reader, to embark on a journey through the

With great vision and passion we initiated the book Advanced Environmental Chemistry applications. Environmental science is multidisciplinary area for great research and Environmental chemistry was an emerging field, aiming at a inclusive explanation of the Earth’s environment, encircling the bio –geo, physical, chemical, and transformations of chemical substances occurring on a local as well as a global. Environmental chemistry became the promising area to combat the global warming b and climate change through green approaches. Contributions are written by leading scientists, academicians and experts with practical experiments in their fields. The book Advanced Environmental Chemistry applications grows with the increase in our scientific understanding, leads into great interest and provides a sound full of knowledge, a great source not only researchers, academicians, students, but also for environmental managers and policy makers. This book covers a wide range of environmental chemistry topics like Global warming, Climate Change, Water resources management, Bioremediation, Green Synthesis and green technologies. Chapter 1 serves as an introduction to the green synthesis, as it is a simple, single-step bio reduction method that requires relatively low energy to initiate the reaction. Different methods used for the synthesis of Nanoparticles discussed and a comparison of bio-mediated synthesised NPs with other chemically synthesised. Green synthesis of NPs found to be simple, single step and low energy initiator and Biologically synthesised NPs are non toxic, eco-friendly and environmentally acceptable. Chapter 2 discusses about the Global warming, atmospheric implications, atmospheric lifetime, Global Warming Potential, Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) Substitutes and their potential impact on Climate Change. Chapter 3 covers the natural healing of Environmental pollutants in the Environment through Bio-remediation, and also discusses the role play of white Rot fungi Enzym

Neural networks (NN) can improve standard video compression by pre- and post-processing the encoded video. For optimal NN training, the standard codec needs to be replaced with a codec proxy that can provide derivatives of estimated bit-rate and distortion, which are used for gradient back-propagation. Since entropy coding of standard codecs is designed to take into account non-linear dependencies between transform coefficients, bit-rates cannot be well approximated with simple per-coefficient estimators. This paper presents a new approach for bit-rate estimation that is similar to the type employed in training end-to-end neural codecs, and able to efficiently take into account those statistical dependencies. It is defined from a mathematical model that provides closed-form formulas for the estimates and their gradients, reducing the computational complexity. Experimental results demonstrate the method's accuracy in estimating HEVC/H.265 codec bit-rates.

Himalaya is experiencing frequent catastrophic mass movement events such as avalanches and landslides, causing loss of human lives and infrastructure. Millions of people reside in critical zones potentially exposed to such catastrophes. Despite this, a comprehensive assessment of mass movement exposure is lacking at a regional scale. Here, we developed a novel method of determining mass movement trajectories and applied it to the Himalayan Mountain ranges for the first time to quantify the exposure of infrastructure, waterways, roadways, and population in six mountain ranges, including Hindu Kush, Karakoram, western Himalaya, eastern Himalaya, central Himalaya, and Hengduan Shan. Our results reveal that the exposure of buildings and roadways to mass movements is highest in Karakoram, whereas central Himalaya has the highest exposed waterways. The hotspots of exposed roadways are concentrated in Nepal, the North Indian states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, the Union Territory of Ladakh, and China's Sichuan Province. Our analysis shows that the population in the central Himalaya is currently at the highest exposure to mass movement impacts. Projected future populations based on Shared Socio‐economic and Representative Concentration Pathways suggest that changing settlement patterns and emission scenarios will significantly influence the potential impact of these events on the human population. Assessment of anticipated secondary hazards (glacial lake outburst floods) shows an increase in probable headward impacts of mass movements on glacial lakes in the future. Our findings will support researchers, policymakers, stakeholders, and local governments in identifying critical areas that require detailed investigation for risk reduction and mitigation.

Pratishyaya is an Urdwajatrugata Vikara (disease above the clavicle)  that can be triggered by minor etiological factors. Vataja Pratishyaya is  one of the five forms of Pratishyaya mentioned in our classics and Vata is the primary dosha, with Kapha, Pitta, and Rakta as associated doshas.  Vataja Pratishyaya can be correlated with Allergic Rhinitis, which is  frequently encountered in OPD practise and is mostly caused by  allergens and environmental pollution. Allergic Rhinitis is caused by  inhalent allergens which are inhaled through nose and cause the release of freshly generated or preformed mediators. It's an atopic disorder.  Atopic dermatitis is described as a family history of sensitization to  allergens in the environment (pollen, dust etc). It is a benign but chronic  upper airway condition with an overall frequency of around 18% in the  general population. Allergy is scientifically defined in Ayurveda under  the Asatmayaj Vyadhi, while its consequences are explained in inherited,  Virudhahara, Dushivish, and Ritusandhi. It occurs on a regular basis,  and on attending Jeerna avastha, Nasya is the main line of treatment. It  is a part of Panchakarma chikitsa and is very effective. An effort has  been made in this review to examine the potentials of Nasya karma in  treating Pratishaya (Allergic Rhinitis).&nbsp

Introduction-Ayurveda is wisdom of life that aims at maintaining normal  health of an individual along with treatment of colorful diseases. Applicable  Aahara( salutary habits) and House( life) plays a vital part in maintaining  normal health and also in treatment of colorful diseases along with the use  of drug. In moment’s period with rapid-fire profitable development there's  an increase in irregular and unhappy salutary habits and life, which are major  reason for increase in a sedentary life and disturbed digestion( due to  MandAgni) leading to circumstance of Gudagata Rogas ( anorectal diseases)  like Bhagandara( Fistula- in- ano), Arsha ( haemorrhoids), Parikartika ( chink- in- ano), Guda Kandu( pruritis ani) etc. There diseases recur after  eventually indeed after surgical intervention due to unhappy Aahara( salutary  habits) and Vihara( diurnal routine) of cases, so it’s veritably important to  educate cases regarding Aahara and Vihara.  Material & Methods-Material has been collected from Ayurvedic Samhitas,  different Research Articles, the internet, etc. Discussion- In this composition a trouble is made to punctuate a chastened  protocol in view of ancient Acharyas regarding applicable Aahara and House  for a complaint-free society.

Peshi are the compact form of Mamsa Dhatu having muscle fibres are  arranged side by side and separated with each other. Peshi are lengthy  and have fleshy appearance. Pitta Yukta Vayu enters the Mamsa and then  divides it into Peshi. Peshi are component of body mainly composed of  Mamsa Dhatu.Most of treatises provide the brief knowledge regarding  the Peshi, but Acharya Sushruta mentioned more in details about the  types, location, distribution, number and function of Peshi. The total  number of Peshis enumerated is 500. Amongst these, 400 are located in  Shakha, 66 in Koshtha and 34 in Greevapratyurdhwa. 100 Peshis of  each upper limb divided under 8 regions and categorised under 12  Swaroopas. However, there is no specific identification of different  Peshis based on Swaroopa, provided in the Samhita. Objective of this  study is to study the literature on Peshi Shareera w.s.r. to  Urdhavashakhagata Peshi in the light of modern science by cadaveric  study and to categorise the Peshis of upper limbs into 12 Swaroopas. As  per literary and cadaveric study, a total of 53 Peshis are found in the  upper limb. 9 of 12 Swaroopa are found to be relevant for categorising  the Urdhavashakha Peshis. The reason for the difference in the number  of Peshis could be inclusion of tendons or aponeurosis, or single muscle  observed in two or more regions or 2 heads of origin of a single muscle  as two. &nbsp

In March 2022, large parts over the north Indian plains including the breadbasket region, and southern Pakistan began experiencing prolonged heat, which continued into May. The event was exacerbated due to prevailing dry conditions in the region, resulting in devastating consequences for public health and agriculture. Using event attribution methods, we analyse the role of human-induced climate change in altering the chances of such an event. To capture the extent of the impacts, we choose March-April average of daily maximum temperature over the most affected region in India and Pakistan as the variable. In observations, the 2022 event has a return period of ~1-in-100 years. For each of the climate models, we then calculate the change in probability and intensity of a 1-in-100 year event between the actual and counterfactual worlds for quantifying the role of climate change. We estimate that human-caused climate change made this heatwave about 1°C hotter and 30 times more likely in the current, 2022 climate, as compared to the 1.2 °C cooler, pre-industrial climate. Under a future global warming of 2°C above pre-industrial levels, heatwaves like this are expected to become even more common (2–20 times more likely) and hotter (by 0-1.5°C) compared to now. Stronger and frequent heat waves in the future will impact vulnerable groups as conditions in some regions exceed limits for human survivability. Therefore, mitigation is essential for avoiding loss of lives and livelihood. Heat Action Plans (HAPs) have proved effective to help reduce heat-related mortality in both countrie, In March 2022, large parts over the north Indian plains including the breadbasket region, and southern Pakistan began experiencing prolonged heat, which continued into May. The event was exacerbated due to prevailing dry conditions in the region, resulting in devastating consequences for public health and agriculture. Using event attribution methods, we analyse the role of human-induced climate change in altering the chances of such an event. To capture the extent of the impacts, we choose March–April average of daily maximum temperature over the most affected region in India and Pakistan as the variable. In observations, the 2022 event has a return period of ∼1-in-100 years. For each of the climate models, we then calculate the change in probability and intensity of a 1-in-100 year event between the actual and counterfactual worlds for quantifying the role of climate change. We estimate that human-caused climate change made this heatwave about 1 °C hotter and 30 times more likely in the current, 2022 climate, as compared to the 1.2 °C cooler, pre-industrial climate. Under a future global warming of 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, heatwaves like this are expected to become even more common (2–20 times more likely) and hotter (by 0 °C–1.5 °C) compared to now. Stronger and frequent heat waves in the future will impact vulnerable groups as conditions in some regions exceed limits for human survivability. Therefore, mitigation is essential for avoiding loss of lives and livelihood. Heat Action Plans have proved effective to help reduce heat-related mortality in both countries.

There are numerous reasons why we should aspire to live more sustainably and safeguard the environment. The cornerstone for preserving our planet, communities, and economy is environmental protection. Our ecosystems can flourish and thrive because our environment supports and houses them. We will endanger the lives of humans, animals, plants, and others if we do not protect our environment. Our environment's ecosystems are intricately linked. To protect our ecosystem, we must protect them all. After all, we rely on nature to provide our most fundamental needs. Protecting the environment entails paying our fair share in order to provide chances for future generations. Natural resources are depleting, and we must develop more sustainable lifestyles to support future generations. The Supreme Court of India mandates environmental education, which is administered by the National Council of Education Research and Training (NCERT). NCERT's National Curriculum Framework has a "Protection of the Environment" component. Distance learning, in-service teacher training, conferences, nature camps, and environmental courses are all options for educators seeking EE professional development. The natural surrounds and conditions in which we live are referred to as our environment. Unfortunately, the environment is under severe attack. Human activity is almost completely to blame for this problem. These human actions have undoubtedly caused significant environmental damage. Most importantly, this destruction jeopardises the survival of all living beings on Earth. As a result, there is a pressing need to safeguard the environment. Today, when environmental conditions are deteriorating and all living beings are suffering as a result of the negative effects of pollution and climate change, there is a need to reorient the curriculum of environmental education to make it more appealing and responsive to local environmental issues. Furthermore, relevant policies have to be changed in order

Microorganisms, including fungi, are known to exert various functions and are being utilized for various purposes. The fungal invasion of the plants is thought to be completely enzymatic process, which are produced by the invading fungi. The major elements of plant cell walls are polysaccharide, hemicellulose and polymer, with polysaccharide being the foremost abundant part (Hans et al., 2003). Most of the fungi have the ability to penetrate to the cell wall of plants through the actions of different enzymes, that work solely or in combination to allow fungal hypae to invade through the broken cell wall. These enzymes are primarily cellulase, pectinase and amylase enzymes that soften the carbohydrate containing cell wall of plants (Gherbawy, 1998). Further, high water content in most of the fruits and vegetables, coupled with optimum pH conditions provides fungi an added advantage for the invasion and because of this, degradation due to fungi is a more common phenomenon. Refrigeration of fruits and vegetables at low temperatures is thought to be a good technique to avoid fungal invasion, though is not completely foolproof.

[EN] The widespread use of nonfullerene-based electron-accepting materials has triggered a rapid increase in the performance of organic photovoltaic devices. However, the number of efficient acceptor compounds available is rather limited, which hinders the discovery of new, high-performing donor:acceptor combinations. Here, we present a new, efficient electron-accepting compound based on a hitherto unexplored family of well-known molecules: gold porphyrins. The electronic properties of our electron-accepting gold porphyrin, named VC10, were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy and by cyclic voltammetry (CV) , revealing two intense optical absorption bands at 500-600 and 700-920 nm and an optical bandgap of 1.39 eV. Blending VC10 with PTB7-Th, a donor polymer, which gives rise to an absorption band at 550-780 nm complementary to that of VC10, enables the fabrication of organic solar cells (OSCs) featuring a power conversion efficiency of 9.24% and an energy loss of 0.52 eV. Hence, this work establishes a new approach in the search for efficient acceptor molecules for solar cells and new guidelines for future photovoltaic material design.

The healthcare sector represents one of the most significant segments of the economy. This sector offers medical services and goods to everyone. A reliable healthcare system ensures a strong economy by increasing life expectancy, contributing to national growth, and reducing the burden on families. The purpose of this project is to implement a proper healthcare management system integrating all the basic functionalities powered by an Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot that is capable of having a very organic conversation with the user and solving their queries using a knowledge base. The knowledge base has real-time data collected in a JSON format which is pre-processed to make it ready for further processing. The bag of words model is used for further pre-processing. Further, the proposed methodology uses Deep Neural Networks to implement the chatbot which has speech recognition capabilities. The information is received and delivered in both speech and text formats. The chatbot can provide navigation links according to the requests of a user. Furthermore, it is capable of predicting the problem by performing symptom diagnosis and recommending a doctor to be consulted and any immediate measures to be taken. In addition, it provides information regarding diagnostics beforehand.

RS Kumar,1 Manish Kumar Jain,2 Jitendra Singh Kushwaha,3 Santosh Patil,4 Vasanti Patil,5 Soumya Ghatak,6 Jayesh Sanmukhani,7 Ravindra Mittal7 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College & Government General Hospital, Srikakulam, India; 2Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Maharaja Agrasen Superspeciality Hospital, Jaipur, India; 3Department of Medicine, Prakhar Hospital Pvt. Ltd, Kanpur, India; 4Department of ENT, Jeevan Rekha Hospital, Belgavi, India; 5Department of ENT, Rajarshi Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj Government Medical College and CPR Hospital, Kolhapur, India; 6Department of ENT, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, India; 7Department of Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, IndiaCorrespondence: Jayesh Sanmukhani, Department of Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India, Tel +91 76000 12192, Email Jayesh_sanmukhani@yahoo.co.in; jayeshsanmukhani@zyduscadila.comObjective: To compare the efficacy and safety of a fixed dose combination of Fluticasone Furoate and Oxymetazoline Hydrochloride Nasal Spray 27.5/50 mcg (FDC) with Fluticasone Furoate Nasal Spray 27.5 mcg (Fluticasone) in the management of allergic rhinitis.Patients and Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, two-arm, active-controlled, parallel, multicenter, comparative clinical study was conducted in patients with allergic rhinitis aged 18 years and above having moderate-to-severe nasal congestion.Results: A total of 250 patients were randomized (1:1) to receive either the FDC or Fluticasone alone in a dose of two sprays in each nostril once daily at night. There was a significantly (P< 0.001) greater reduction in night-time Total Nasal Symptom Score with the FDC as compared to Fluticasone at all the time points starting from as early as day 3 and sustained till the end of treatment (Day 28) (Day 3: − 3.1 vs − 2.2; Day 7: − 4.0 vs − 3.4; Day 14: − 5.7 vs − 5.0

Compared with conventional technologies and sciences, the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology dealing with the synthesis and characterization of nanostructure materials has been quite rapid and intensive, while also unprecedented. Now the technologies based on nanoscience and nanotechnology are exerting a profound and strong impact on every field of conventional technology and science. In fact, all different scientific disciplines, including every single sector (such as nanomaterials, micro and nanomachines, micro and nanoelectronics), have their own paradigm . This is why innovations and industrial developments are profoundly different. However, these fields are strongly interlinked. It is therefore necessary to make our studies more interdisciplinary in order to enable us to understand the nanoworld. Nano sciences and nanotechnologies are leading to a major turning point in our understanding of nature. Such a force has its consequences or in the words of a famous fictional character: every force has its dark side. Our future depends on how we use new discoveries and what risks they bring upon humanity and our natural environment. The ethical implications of this must therefore be discussed. This book presents the possible applications of nano-sized materials in environmental processes. It is by far the most reliable guideline for the selection of nanomaterials to improve the efficiency of environmental processes and for designing nanomaterials for specific environmental processes and pollutants. The impact of nanomaterials on the environment has also been discussed in the book to help avoid causing secondary contamination by use of nanomaterials and to provide proper information about nanomaterials to potential users who wish to use and apply them in environmental technology.

[EN] The widespread use of nonfullerene-based electron-accepting materials has triggered a rapid increase in the performance of organic photovoltaic devices. However, the number of efficient acceptor compounds available is rather limited, which hinders the discovery of new, high-performing donor:acceptor combinations. Here, we present a new, efficient electron-accepting compound based on a hitherto unexplored family of well-known molecules: gold porphyrins. The electronic properties of our electron-accepting gold porphyrin, named VC10, were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy and by cyclic voltammetry (CV) , revealing two intense optical absorption bands at 500-600 and 700-920 nm and an optical bandgap of 1.39 eV. Blending VC10 with PTB7-Th, a donor polymer, which gives rise to an absorption band at 550-780 nm complementary to that of VC10, enables the fabrication of organic solar cells (OSCs) featuring a power conversion efficiency of 9.24% and an energy loss of 0.52 eV. Hence, this work establishes a new approach in the search for efficient acceptor molecules for solar cells and new guidelines for future photovoltaic material design.

Aqueous solutions of a series of short carbon chain tetra(n-alkyl)ammonium hydroxides, [Nnnnn][OH] with n = 2: n-ethyl, 3: n-propyl, 4: n-butyl, have been serendipitously found to be potential candidates for direct air carbon capture (DAC) when being used as reagents in more complicated reactions. Aqueous solutions of [N3333][OH], [N2222][OH], or [N3333][OH] with UO2SO4·3H2O and 1,4-diamidoximylbenzene, and [N4444][OH] with cytosine (HCyt) directly absorb CO2 from the atmosphere upon mild heating in the open atmosphere crystallizing in complexes reaching up to 2 : 1 CO2/[Nnnnn]OH ratio. [N2222][HCO3]·3H2O (1), [N2222]2[H(HCO3)3]·5H2O (2), [N3333][HCO3]·0.5H2O (3), [N3333][H(HCO3)2] (4), [N3333]2[(tpa)(H2CO3)2] (5; tpa = terephthalate), [N4444][H(Cyt)(HCO3)]·H2O (6) and [N4444][H2(Cyt)2(HCO3)]·H2O (7) have been isolated in crystalline form and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds are characterized by complex polyanionic formations from bicarbonate dimers ([(HCO3)2·(H2O)]24−) or chains ([H(HCO3)2]nn− or [H2(tpa)(HCO3)2]n2n−) to water-bicarbonate associates ([(HCO3)2·6H2O]2− and [(H2CO3·(HCO3)2)2·6H2O·2H2O]2−) and three-component anionic layers ([H(Cyt)(HCO3)·H2O]nn− and [H2(Cyt)2(HCO3)·H2O]nn−) frequently showing proton sharing. While some hydroxides themselves can maintain a high CO2/[Nnnnn][OH] ratio, particularly 2 and 4, the presence of secondary hydrogen bond donors/acceptors may increase the sorption efficiency through decreased solubility and enhanced crystallization.

Digoxin is a cardiovascular drug obtained from the plant leaf of Digitalis lanata. Digoxin has a long history of usage in cardiovascular treatment. There is ongoing discussion over this drug's mode of action and therapeutic effectiveness. Positive inotropic and neurohormonal modulation effects of digoxin are found. Since the advent of beta-blockers and aldosterone antagonists as components of modern heart failure therapy, the rate of digoxin prescriptions has fallen. American and European heart failure therapy recommendations still include digoxin as a possible course of action. Since the first Digitalis Investigation Group trial findings were made public, observational studies and post hoc analyses have raised concerns about the clinical efficacy and long-term safety of digoxin. In this review, we analyze the clinical evidence, effectiveness and the safety of digoxin in patients with heart failure and lower ejection fraction.

Digoxin is a cardiovascular drug obtained from the plant leaf of Digitalis lanata. Digoxin has a long history of usage in cardiovascular treatment. There is ongoing discussion over this drug's mode of action and therapeutic effectiveness. Positive inotropic and neurohormonal modulation effects of digoxin are found. Since the advent of beta-blockers and aldosterone antagonists as components of modern heart failure therapy, the rate of digoxin prescriptions has fallen. American and European heart failure therapy recommendations still include digoxin as a possible course of action. Since the first Digitalis Investigation Group trial findings were made public, observational studies and post hoc analyses have raised concerns about the clinical efficacy and long-term safety of digoxin. In this review, we analyze the clinical evidence, effectiveness and the safety of digoxin in patients with heart failure and lower ejection fraction.

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a pain that lasts at least three months in the lower back area. CLBP is the world's second greatest cause of disability, and it is a serious social and economic issue. CLBP has grown by more than 100% in the previous decade in the adult population and continues to rise substantially in the ageing population, impacting both men and women of all ethnic groups and having a considerable influence on functional capacity and occupational activities. Psychological issues such as stress, sadness, and worry might also have an impact. Given this complication, diagnosing patients with CLBP can be difficult and necessitates sophisticated clinical decision-making. Answering the issue "what is the pain generator?" among the several structures that might be implicated in CLBP is critical in the treatment of these patients, since a misdiagnosis can lead to therapeutic errors. The myth that the etiology of 80 – 90 % of LBP cases is unknown has been passed down through the generations. In the majority of cases, low back pain can be ascribed to a single pain generator, each with its own set of features and therapeutic options. Radicular pain, facet joint pain, sacro-iliac pain, lumbar stenosis pain, and discogenic pain are all discussed here. In this review, our goal is to provide doctors with a basic guide to help them identify pain generators in a safer and faster manner, based on a right diagnosis and subsequent treatment strategy.

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a pain that lasts at least three months in the lower back area. CLBP is the world's second greatest cause of disability, and it is a serious social and economic issue. CLBP has grown by more than 100% in the previous decade in the adult population and continues to rise substantially in the ageing population, impacting both men and women of all ethnic groups and having a considerable influence on functional capacity and occupational activities. Psychological issues such as stress, sadness, and worry might also have an impact. Given this complication, diagnosing patients with CLBP can be difficult and necessitates sophisticated clinical decision-making. Answering the issue "what is the pain generator?" among the several structures that might be implicated in CLBP is critical in the treatment of these patients, since a misdiagnosis can lead to therapeutic errors. The myth that the etiology of 80 – 90 % of LBP cases is unknown has been passed down through the generations. In the majority of cases, low back pain can be ascribed to a single pain generator, each with its own set of features and therapeutic options. Radicular pain, facet joint pain, sacro-iliac pain, lumbar stenosis pain, and discogenic pain are all discussed here. In this review, our goal is to provide doctors with a basic guide to help them identify pain generators in a safer and faster manner, based on a right diagnosis and subsequent treatment strategy.

The healthcare sector represents one of the most significant segments of the economy. This sector offers medical services and goods to everyone. A reliable healthcare system ensures a strong economy by increasing life expectancy, contributing to national growth, and reducing the burden on families. The purpose of this project is to implement a proper healthcare management system integrating all the basic functionalities powered by an Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot that is capable of having a very organic conversation with the user and solving their queries using a knowledge base. The knowledge base has real-time data collected in a JSON format which is pre-processed to make it ready for further processing. The bag of words model is used for further pre-processing. Further, the proposed methodology uses Deep Neural Networks to implement the chatbot which has speech recognition capabilities. The information is received and delivered in both speech and text formats. The chatbot can provide navigation links according to the requests of a user. Furthermore, it is capable of predicting the problem by performing symptom diagnosis and recommending a doctor to be consulted and any immediate measures to be taken. In addition, it provides information regarding diagnostics beforehand.

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a pain that lasts at least three months in the lower back area. CLBP is the world's second greatest cause of disability, and it is a serious social and economic issue. CLBP has grown by more than 100% in the previous decade in the adult population and continues to rise substantially in the ageing population, impacting both men and women of all ethnic groups and having a considerable influence on functional capacity and occupational activities. Psychological issues such as stress, sadness, and worry might also have an impact. Given this complication, diagnosing patients with CLBP can be difficult and necessitates sophisticated clinical decision-making. Answering the issue "what is the pain generator?" among the several structures that might be implicated in CLBP is critical in the treatment of these patients, since a misdiagnosis can lead to therapeutic errors. The myth that the etiology of 80 – 90 % of LBP cases is unknown has been passed down through the generations. In the majority of cases, low back pain can be ascribed to a single pain generator, each with its own set of features and therapeutic options. Radicular pain, facet joint pain, sacro-iliac pain, lumbar stenosis pain, and discogenic pain are all discussed here. In this review, our goal is to provide doctors with a basic guide to help them identify pain generators in a safer and faster manner, based on a right diagnosis and subsequent treatment strategy.

Digoxin is a cardiovascular drug obtained from the plant leaf of Digitalis lanata. Digoxin has a long history of usage in cardiovascular treatment. There is ongoing discussion over this drug's mode of action and therapeutic effectiveness. Positive inotropic and neurohormonal modulation effects of digoxin are found. Since the advent of beta-blockers and aldosterone antagonists as components of modern heart failure therapy, the rate of digoxin prescriptions has fallen. American and European heart failure therapy recommendations still include digoxin as a possible course of action. Since the first Digitalis Investigation Group trial findings were made public, observational studies and post hoc analyses have raised concerns about the clinical efficacy and long-term safety of digoxin. In this review, we analyze the clinical evidence, effectiveness and the safety of digoxin in patients with heart failure and lower ejection fraction.

The healthcare sector represents one of the most significant segments of the economy. This sector offers medical services and goods to everyone. A reliable healthcare system ensures a strong economy by increasing life expectancy, contributing to national growth, and reducing the burden on families. The purpose of this project is to implement a proper healthcare management system integrating all the basic functionalities powered by an Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot that is capable of having a very organic conversation with the user and solving their queries using a knowledge base. The knowledge base has real-time data collected in a JSON format which is pre-processed to make it ready for further processing. The bag of words model is used for further pre-processing. Further, the proposed methodology uses Deep Neural Networks to implement the chatbot which has speech recognition capabilities. The information is received and delivered in both speech and text formats. The chatbot can provide navigation links according to the requests of a user. Furthermore, it is capable of predicting the problem by performing symptom diagnosis and recommending a doctor to be consulted and any immediate measures to be taken. In addition, it provides information regarding diagnostics beforehand.

Digoxin is a cardiovascular drug obtained from the plant leaf of Digitalis lanata. Digoxin has a long history of usage in cardiovascular treatment. There is ongoing discussion over this drug's mode of action and therapeutic effectiveness. Positive inotropic and neurohormonal modulation effects of digoxin are found. Since the advent of beta-blockers and aldosterone antagonists as components of modern heart failure therapy, the rate of digoxin prescriptions has fallen. American and European heart failure therapy recommendations still include digoxin as a possible course of action. Since the first Digitalis Investigation Group trial findings were made public, observational studies and post hoc analyses have raised concerns about the clinical efficacy and long-term safety of digoxin. In this review, we analyze the clinical evidence, effectiveness and the safety of digoxin in patients with heart failure and lower ejection fraction.

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a pain that lasts at least three months in the lower back area. CLBP is the world's second greatest cause of disability, and it is a serious social and economic issue. CLBP has grown by more than 100% in the previous decade in the adult population and continues to rise substantially in the ageing population, impacting both men and women of all ethnic groups and having a considerable influence on functional capacity and occupational activities. Psychological issues such as stress, sadness, and worry might also have an impact. Given this complication, diagnosing patients with CLBP can be difficult and necessitates sophisticated clinical decision-making. Answering the issue "what is the pain generator?" among the several structures that might be implicated in CLBP is critical in the treatment of these patients, since a misdiagnosis can lead to therapeutic errors. The myth that the etiology of 80 – 90 % of LBP cases is unknown has been passed down through the generations. In the majority of cases, low back pain can be ascribed to a single pain generator, each with its own set of features and therapeutic options. Radicular pain, facet joint pain, sacro-iliac pain, lumbar stenosis pain, and discogenic pain are all discussed here. In this review, our goal is to provide doctors with a basic guide to help them identify pain generators in a safer and faster manner, based on a right diagnosis and subsequent treatment strategy.

Digoxin is a cardiovascular drug obtained from the plant leaf of Digitalis lanata. Digoxin has a long history of usage in cardiovascular treatment. There is ongoing discussion over this drug's mode of action and therapeutic effectiveness. Positive inotropic and neurohormonal modulation effects of digoxin are found. Since the advent of beta-blockers and aldosterone antagonists as components of modern heart failure therapy, the rate of digoxin prescriptions has fallen. American and European heart failure therapy recommendations still include digoxin as a possible course of action. Since the first Digitalis Investigation Group trial findings were made public, observational studies and post hoc analyses have raised concerns about the clinical efficacy and long-term safety of digoxin. In this review, we analyze the clinical evidence, effectiveness and the safety of digoxin in patients with heart failure and lower ejection fraction.

Ayurveda the “Science of life” is a system of medicine that utilizes various therapies including diet , herbal preparations and yoga to restore harmony balance with in the body. It focuses more on the healthy living and well being. One of the main goals of Ayurveda is to maintain health of a healthy individual and to attain the health in the diseased. Diet is mentioned in 3 sub – pillar (sub tripods of life), since it is responsible is for growth & development of the human body. One of the important concepts in Ayurveda is “Prakriti” the innate nature of an individual & is determined at the time of conception itself & remains throughout the life. Knowing of Prakriti helps in maintaining the health and preventing the disease. Ayurveda prescribes various foods and lifestyles According to one’s Prakriti and suggests that one should follow these guidelines to prevent various disorders and to promote health. In this era of lifestyle disorders in order to improve the quality of life & to bring down the cost of health care one should know about his Prakriti & the diet suitable for his body constitution .Here by this paper is intended to explain the concepts of diet in Ayurveda in a backlight of Prakriti

There are three seasons in general: winter, summer, and rainy season. Six seasons are considered in Ayurveda: Vasant, Grishma, Varsha, Sharad, Hemant, and Shishir. The 12 months of the year have been classified into these seasons by Acharya Sushrut. In Visarga, there are two seasons: the first is when the sun goes towards the north, and the second is when the sun moves towards the south. These are referred to as Adanakala And Visargakala, respectively. The input period has winter (shishir), spring (vasant ritu), and summer (grishma ritu) seasons, while the Visarga period has varsha(monsoon), autumn (sharad ritu) and (Pri-winter) Hemant seasons. The Sun is strong and the moon is week at the moment of the exchange. The Moon is powerful and the Sun is weak during the Visarga era. The shishir and hemant ritu is of great strength, the vasant and sharad is of medium strength and the varsha and grishma is of low strength.

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a pain that lasts at least three months in the lower back area. CLBP is the world's second greatest cause of disability, and it is a serious social and economic issue. CLBP has grown by more than 100% in the previous decade in the adult population and continues to rise substantially in the ageing population, impacting both men and women of all ethnic groups and having a considerable influence on functional capacity and occupational activities. Psychological issues such as stress, sadness, and worry might also have an impact. Given this complication, diagnosing patients with CLBP can be difficult and necessitates sophisticated clinical decision-making. Answering the issue "what is the pain generator?" among the several structures that might be implicated in CLBP is critical in the treatment of these patients, since a misdiagnosis can lead to therapeutic errors. The myth that the etiology of 80 – 90 % of LBP cases is unknown has been passed down through the generations. In the majority of cases, low back pain can be ascribed to a single pain generator, each with its own set of features and therapeutic options. Radicular pain, facet joint pain, sacro-iliac pain, lumbar stenosis pain, and discogenic pain are all discussed here. In this review, our goal is to provide doctors with a basic guide to help them identify pain generators in a safer and faster manner, based on a right diagnosis and subsequent treatment strategy.

Thelightweight nature of Operating System virtualization give birth to thecontainers, and their high efficiency for application deployment prefers itsusage in Cloud computing. Containers encapsulate and bundle the requireddependencies for application development and deployment in libs packages as asingle entity. The nature of containers eases application migration within theHigh-Performance Computing environment to handle the scientific workloadssmoothly. Singularity containers are aimed to be only for High-PerformanceComputing (HPC) applications. The existing HPC workload managers are good withcontainer monitoring, scheduling, and resource management, but containerorchestration is always a concern. This study proposes a framework that willease container orchestration using Kubernetes to handle the scientificapplications workload. HPC cluster is built using interconnected containers ina private cloud environment. The architecture is derived based on the requiredconfiguration for containers to deploy the application and scheduling jobs.

Compared with conventional technologies and sciences, the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology dealing with the synthesis and characterization of nanostructure materials has been quite rapid and intensive, while also unprecedented. Now the technologies based on nanoscience and nanotechnology are exerting a profound and strong impact on every field of conventional technology and science. In fact, all different scientific disciplines, including every single sector (such as nanomaterials, micro and nanomachines, micro and nanoelectronics), have their own paradigm . This is why innovations and industrial developments are profoundly different. However, these fields are strongly interlinked. It is therefore necessary to make our studies more interdisciplinary in order to enable us to understand the nanoworld. Nano sciences and nanotechnologies are leading to a major turning point in our understanding of nature. Such a force has its consequences or in the words of a famous fictional character: every force has its dark side. Our future depends on how we use new discoveries and what risks they bring upon humanity and our natural environment. The ethical implications of this must therefore be discussed. This book presents the possible applications of nano-sized materials in environmental processes. It is by far the most reliable guideline for the selection of nanomaterials to improve the efficiency of environmental processes and for designing nanomaterials for specific environmental processes and pollutants. The impact of nanomaterials on the environment has also been discussed in the book to help avoid causing secondary contamination by use of nanomaterials and to provide proper information about nanomaterials to potential users who wish to use and apply them in environmental technology.