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The LG-02 Darussalam distribution network, within the operational area of PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Lhokseumawe City, shows low voltage issues at the Gg. Damai and Bakso Pakde substations. According to PT. PLN standards, transformers face adverse loading conditions if usage exceeds 80% capacity. Specifically, Gg. Damai operates at 88.5% capacity and Bakso Pakde at 94.4%, resulting in a voltage drop of 370 Volts from the nominal 400 Volts at end consumer service phases. SPLN T6.001-2013 recommends that voltage differences at supply terminals not exceed ±10% of the system's nominal voltage, allowing a maximum drop of 360 Volts between phases under normal conditions. Failure to address these issues promptly risks further significant voltage drops. To resolve voltage drop and power loss problems, this study proposes a network repair plan using ETAP 19.0.1 software to align consumer-side voltage and transformer loading with PLN standards. Repair measures include installing additional transformers in the low-voltage distribution network. Post-repair assessments indicate a voltage drop reduction of +2.5% or an increase of approximately 10 Volts at both substations.

Determining loss minimum configuration in a distribution network is a hard discrete optimization problem involving many variables. Since more and more dispersed generators are installed on the demand side of power systems and they are reconfigured frequently, developing automatic approaches is indispensable for effectively managing a large-scale distribution network. Existing fast methods employ local updates that gradually improve the loss to solve such an optimization problem. However, they eventually get stuck at local minima, resulting in arbitrarily poor results. In contrast, this paper presents a novel optimization method that provides an error bound on the solution quality. Thus, the obtained solution quality can be evaluated in comparison to the global optimal solution. Instead of using local updates, we construct a highly compressed search space using a binary decision diagram and reduce the optimization problem to a shortest path-finding problem. Our method was shown to be not only accurate but also remarkably efficient; optimization of a large-scale model network with 468 switches was solved in three hours with 1.56% relative error bound.

This paper analyzes the problems related to the reconstruction of a semi-mounted berry harvester into a self-propelled one specified for exploitation on smaller orchards. The components of the self-propelled machine, their purpose and mutual functional connection are described in details, which retained the principle of unilateral picking of half the row of bush berries from its semi-mounted predecessor. Among the most important general design features, the following stand out in particular: the drive of the harvester working components, which is achieved by means of appropriate combinations of hydraulic and mechanical power transmissions, which allows it to be highly adaptable to different working conditions on the terrain, and the control device, which is designed to maintain the movement of the machine in the direction set by the driver, without decreasing the safety and passability requirements of the machine itself. In the technology of berry fruit production in the Republic of Serbia, the harvesting process is still the basic limiting factor. Manual picking participates as much as 75% in total production costs. The costs of mechanical harvesting are between 2.05 and 2.27 times lower in comparison to manual picking, depending on whether the machine is a towed or self-propelled. The paper also provides a comprehensive analysis of the energy parameters of work for both versions of the harvester. The results indicate that power losses on rolling and slipping are lower in the self-propelled version 10 and 40%, respectively, while in the semi-mounted version the power lost on the climb is 60-70% lower compared to the self-propelled version. As the harvesting process is still a limiting factor in berry fruit production, in addition to reducing costs by applying mechanized solutions, one of the goals of the work is the optimization of applied technical solutions for the same.

The aim of the study is to quantify the hidden costs in the electricity sector of Pakistan and estimate which components contribute more to the hidden cost/quasi-fiscal activities (QFAs). The hidden cost is comprised of three key components: tariff differential subsidies, transmission and distribution losses, and bill collection ratio. Quantifying the hidden costs/QFAs helps policymakers understand the amount of resources that could be generated or saved within the sector. The End-product method is used to quantify QFAs through a hidden cost calculator model for the period 2009-10 to 2021-22. Based on the quantification, it is concluded that tariff differential subsidies are the major contributing component of hidden costs, followed by transmission and distribution losses. Bill arrears are the least significant contributor. The average hidden cost over a 12-year study period amounts to 2.69% of the country's GDP. The study suggests that if the electricity sector works efficiently by reducing transmission and distribution losses, collecting all bill amounts, and eliminating unnecessary subsidies, it could save an amount equivalent to 2.69% of GDP. This saved money could be utilized for investing in electricity infrastructure development. Such actions would alleviate the burden on the government's exchequer and ensure uninterrupted electricity supply, fostering economic growth and improving the standard of living in the country.

In this article, an approach combining semi-empirical equations and the method of images is proposed for round conductor layer windings with un-gapped core. The new equation for proximity effect can convert the constant field strength from the magneto-motive force (MMF) across the core window into a frequency-dependent uniform background magnetic field strength, which can take partly the interaction between conductors into account. Geometric factors are introduced by fitting the finite element method (FEM) results to improve the accuracy. The method of images is used to calculate the field strength in order to counteract the impact of the 2-D edge effect. The new method is compared with the 2-D FEM, analytical methods, and is also validated by measurements with EE core transformers. The proposed method shows good accuracy (< 10% error) compared with 2-D FEM for both high and low porosity factor windings. Therefore, it can handle more winding configurations than other 1-D analytical methods., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., High Voltage Technology Group

In recent years there has been a growing interest in measuring and predicting the performance of chain drives in applications such as elite cycling and industrial drives since improvement in the life-time performance of transmission promotes efficient use of finite energy sources. This thesis investigates and develops testing and modelling methods for achieving high-accuracy estimation of transmission power efficiency of chain drives. At present many test rigs used in industry are not able to replicate real-world loading and have limited accuracy in torque measurements. To address these limitations a dynamometer test rig was developed at the University of Bristol which has the capability of testing in representative boundary and loading conditions. This thesis contributes to the development of this dynamometer rig with new testing protocols and applying advances in data processing. A significant area of uncertainty in measurements on the test apparatus was the power losses in the support bearings on the shafts. To isolate the performance of the transmission system, the friction in the bearings must be accurately compensated. Analytical methods from the literature were evaluated and found to poorly predict frictional moment in light lubrication regimes at low operating range relative to the bearing rated loads and speeds. A purpose-built bearing test rig was developed to test identical bearings in similar conditions, and empirical results used to compensate bearing friction in the dynamometer test rig. The remaining uncertainty of the power loss measurand was determined, encompassing the combined uncertainty of measured variables across two test rigs. High frequency chain dynamics from polygonal action and chain span resonance were measured in torque data on the test apparatus. Tested transmissions were shown to have unique vibration signatures across the test envelope. Chains with smaller pitch were seen to have reduced measured dynamics.

Investors are often inclined to keep losing stocks too long, despite this being irrational. This phenomenon is part of the disposition effect (“people ride losers too long, and sell winners too soon”). The current research examines the role of hope as a potential explanation of why people ride losers too long. Three correlational studies (1A, 1B, and 2) find that people's trait hope is positively associated with their inclination to keep losing stocks, regardless of their risk-seeking tendency (Study 2). Further, three experimental studies (3, 4, and 5) reveal that people are inclined to hold on to losing (vs. not-losing) stocks because of their hope to break even and not because of their hope to gain. Studies 4 and 5 provide process evidence confirming the role of hope and indicate potential interventions to decrease people's tendency to keep losing stocks by reducing the hope. The findings contribute to the limited empirical literature that has investigated how emotions influence the disposition effect by providing empirical evidence for the role of hope. Moreover, the findings add to the literature of hope by revealing its role in financial decision-making and show a “dark side” of this positive emotion.

The research was conducted during the 2018/19 hunting year at three hunting grounds: "Barajevska reka" - "Takovo" and "Jadar". The average density of Roe deer in hunting grounds varied from 48.67 to 74 individuals per 1,000 ha of hunting-productive area. However, when observing the number of individuals per 1,000 ha of total hunting area, the density varies from 16.07 individuals to 34.72 individuals. The determined gender ratio at the hunting ground "Jadar" was (M: F = 1: 0.93). At the hunting ground "Takovo", the gender ratio was (M: F = 1: 1.22), while at the hunting ground "Barajevska reka" the ratio was (M: F = 1: 1.59). The average fertility of Roe deer was 1.67 embryos per individual, or 1.75 embryos per pregnant female. Depending on the study area, the real growth varied from 0.54 to 0.73 fawns per female. Loss in Roe deer are caused mostly by biotic factors. The determined average age of shot individuals varied depending on the hunting ground from 3.53 to 5.24 years. The current state of Roe deer populations in Serbia varies between analyzed hunting grounds, but the overall situation is quite unsatisfactory, especially in terms of density, gender ratio and age structure of culled individuals © 2023, Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia.All Rights Reserved.

Medium-frequency transformers (MFTs) are key components in solid-state transformers, where they provide galvanic isolation and a certain voltage transfer ratio between a MV grid and a LV bus. Typically, MFTs are operated in the kilohertz range, which results in a significantly reduced volume and material usage compared to 50/60 Hz transformers. Foil conductor is an attractive solution for improving the filling factor and the cost-effectiveness of MFTs, however, the insulation clearances increase the ohmic losses due to the current crowding effect; besides, the electric field hotspots at the winding corners require shielding by equipotential rings. In this work, a new hybrid topology is presented, where the first and last turn of the foil winding package is replaced by turns of litz wire connected in series, one above and one below the foil winding, respectively, such that they act as equipotential shielding rings; besides, the current in the litz turns deflects the magnetic field lines away from the foil edges, decreasing the losses due to current crowding. The effect of the litz rings on the losses is modeled and measured on a hybrid and a standard foil winding prototype; a loss decrease higher than 15% is observed. The verified model is used to compare the conductor and footprint saving between windings designed with litz rings, and with standard equipotential shielding rings; in this respect, a minor amount of litz wire allows reducing losses up to 30%, whereas the conductor utilization and winding height can be decreased more than 20%, improving the power density of the MFT.

Hier vind je de cijfers van tegemoetkomingen in schade door wolven die BIJ12 in het schadejaar 2023 namens de provincies heeft uitgekeerd. Het schadejaar loopt van 1 november 2022 tot en met 31 oktober 2023.

In order to evaluate the reduction of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) losses from the adaptation of the traditional container for its transport, a diagnosis was made in which all the characteristics and variables to be taken into account in the harvest and post-harvest processes of the fruit were observed, in order to identify factors that could affect the losses of this foodstuff. Taking into account the previous phase, the possible materials for the adaptations to the traditional container were evaluated, which consisted of the lining of the internal walls of the container. These materials were fique sacking (CA1) and injected polyethylene (CA2). The baskets with adaptations were placed in the customary transport for transportation to the point of sale, taking a total of 20 kg for physiological and physicochemical characterization, for subsequent statistical analysis using R Studio software. The results indicate that weight loss is one of the characteristics most influenced according to the adjustments made. In addition, a significant difference was observed between the units in the container with injected polyethylene adaptation (CA2) in factors such as citric acid percentage, maturity index and mechanical damage in comparison with the other containers studied. It is concluded that the implementation of adaptations to the plastic basket can reduce losses caused during tomato transport between 9% and 9.7%, as well as maintain the physical, physiological and physicochemical properties of the tomato., Con el objetivo de evaluar la reducción de pérdidas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) a partir de la adaptación del envase tradicional destinado para su transporte, se realizó un diagnóstico en el cual se observaron todas las características y variables a tener en cuenta en los procesos cosecha y postcosecha del fruto, con el fin de evidenciar factores que pudieran incidir en las pérdidas de este alimento. Teniendo en cuenta la fase previa, se evaluaron posibles materiales para las adaptaciones en el envase tradicional, las cuales consistían en el revestimiento de las paredes internas del envase. Dichos materiales fueron costal de fique (CA1) y polietileno inyectado (CA2). Las canastillas con adecuaciones se dispusieron en el transporte de costumbre para el traslado hasta el punto de venta, tomando un total de 20 kg para la caracterización fisiológica y fisicoquímica, para su posterior análisis estadístico por medio del software R Studio. Los resultados indican que la pérdida de peso es una de las características mayormente influenciada de acuerdo a las adecuaciones realizadas. Adicional, se observó diferencia significativa entre las unidades que estaban en el envase con adecuación de polietileno inyectado (CA2) en factores como porcentaje de ácido cítrico, índice de madurez y daños mecánicos en comparación con los otros envases estudiados. Se concluye que la implementación de adaptaciones a la canastilla plástica puede disminuir las pérdidas provocadas durante el transporte del tomate entre un 9% y un 9.7%, así como mantener propiedades físicas, fisiológicas y fisicoquímicas del mismo.

Se presentan los antecedentes normativos y la articulación de la política pública relacionada con la reducción de pérdida y desperdicios de alimentos, y el ordenamiento del sector agropecuario a través del Decreto Ley 4145 del 3 de 2011, su relevancia en el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2022-2026 ‘Colombia, potencia mundial de la vida’, a través de los Ejes Estratégicos: 1) Ordenamiento del territorio alrededor del agua y justicia ambiental, y 3) Derecho Humano a la Alimentación, y su relación con los ODS en Colombia, especialmente el ODS 12 -Producción y Consumo responsables- y de forma indirecta con el ODS 2 – Hambre Cero-.También se debe mencionar que la UPRA ha participado en todo el proceso de implementación y reglamentación de la Ley 1990 de 2019, en el marco de la ‘Mesa técnica de Pérdidas y Desperdicios de Alimentos’, instaurada por la CISAN y a partir de la cual se estructuró la ‘Política para la prevención y la disminución de las pérdidas y los desperdicios de alimentos en Colombia’ que fue aprobada por esta Comisión y adoptada a través del Decreto 375 de 2022. Aquí, la UPRA asumió responsabilidades específicamente con la formulación de los Planes de Agrologística, donde se desarrollan los formularios de los procesos de abastecimiento, almacenamiento, y transporte y distribución, en ellos se indaga sobre las proporciones de pérdidas y desperdicios generados en estos procesos, sus causas y posibles soluciones concertadas directamente con los actores que realizan estas actividades., The regulatory background and the articulation of public policy related to thereduction of food loss and waste are presented, and the ordering of the agriculturalsector through Decree Law 4145 of 3 of 2011, its relevance in the NationalDevelopment Plan 2022- 2026 'Colombia, world power of life', through the StrategicAxes: 1) Territorial planning around water and environmental justice, and 3) HumanRight to Food, and its relationship with the SDGs in Colombia, especially SDG 12 -Responsible Production and Consumption- and indirectly with SDG 2 – Zero Hunger-. It should also be mentioned that UPRA has participated in the entire process of

A distribution power system comprises of technical and non-technical losses. The technical losses can be reduced by network reconfiguration or network revamping of the power utilities that leads to the ultimate goal of consumer satisfaction. Technical losses in the mix feeder arrangement can be reduced effectively by implementing the network revamping approaches. Thus the proposed paper analyzes the network revamping to provide effective and good performance in the primary as well as secondary distribution system. The proposed network revamping analysis helps in the improvement of voltage profile, decrease in power loss, minimization of annual costs.

En aquesta tesi s'aborda el repte de detectar i reconèixer múltiples matrícules de cotxe en una sola imatge. Primer de tot es fa una recerca d'articles previs i es miren opcions factibles per crear un model propi. A partir d'aquí es crea, s'entrena i es testeja el model en un escenari real. A partir dels resultats es conclourà o no la viabilitat del model., En esta tesis se aborda el reto de detectar y reconocer múltiples matrículas de coche en una sola imagen. Primero de todo se hace una búsqueda de artículos previos y se miran opciones factibles para crear un modelo propio. A partir de ahí se crea, entrena y testea el modelo en un escenario real. Con los resultados obtenidos se concluirá o no la viabilidad del modelo., This thesis addresses the challenge of detecting and recognizing multiple car license plates in a single image. First of all, a search of previous articles is made and feasible options are looked at to create a unique model. From here the model is created, trained and tested on a real scenario. Based on the results, it will be concluded whether or not the model is viable.

The craft companies that transform cocoa into value-added products in the Ambato-Ecuador canton generate a large number of losses and waste, causing low production performance, which is not solved by the chocolatiers as they don’t have a clear knowledge of the amount exactly what is lost and how it affects in the productive growth. Therefore, it seeks to quantify the losses and waste generated in the transformation of cocoa into semi-finished products. The work was carried out through the information collected in the craft companies, where was determined the losses and waste of each of the processes that are carried out for the production of semi-finished products will be prolonged. Obtaining in this way key information on waste management within companies and the exact amount and percentages of losses and waste during the production of cocoa paste and its derivates., Las empresas artesanales transformadoras de cacao en productos de valor agregado del cantón Ambato-Ecuador generan una gran cantidad de pérdidas y desperdicios, causantes de un bajo rendimiento de producción, el cual no es solventado por los chocolateros al no tener un conocimiento claro de la cantidad exacta que se pierde y cómo afecta esta al crecimiento productivo. Por lo cual, se busca cuantificar las pérdidas y desperdicios generados en la transformación del cacao en semielaborados. El trabajo se realizó mediante la información recopilada en las empresas artesanales, donde se determinó la cantidad de pérdidas y desperdicios de cada uno de los procesos que son llevados a cabo para la producción de semielaborados. Obteniendo de esta forma información clave sobre el manejo de residuos dentro de las empresas y la cantidad y porcentajes exactos de las pérdidas y desperdicios durante la elaboración de pasta de cacao y sus derivados.

Changing how an issue is framed can influence both decision-making and metacognition, but framing a memory task in terms of gains and losses could also impact how learners prioritize information according to its value or importance. We investigated how framing task instructions and feedback in terms of gains and losses influences learners' ability to selectively remember valuable information at the expense of low-value information. Specifically, we presented learners with to-be-remembered words paired with point values and either told participants how many points they scored (the sum of the values of recalled words) or lost (the sum of the values of not-recalled words) on each list, with participants' goal being to maximize their scores or minimize their losses, respectively. Overall, participants were more selective for high-value words when their goals were framed in terms of point gains compared with when their goals were framed in terms of losses, and learners' metacognitive predictions of performance (JOLs) generally mapped onto this trend. Thus, framing in terms of losses for forgetting can reduce memory selectivity, perhaps because even small losses are salient, indicating that framing effects are not limited to decision-making but can influence memory and metacognitive processes as well.

Applied to the production of windings, the PCB technology is promising for developing high performance slotless permanent magnet machines, since it allows for winding shapes and topologies that are difficult to obtain with the classical wire technology. However, compared to wire windings, PCB windings are more prone to eddy current losses because of the high width-to-thickness ratio of the conductor cross-section. To counteract these eddy currents, the conventional solution consists of reducing the width of the conductive tracks constituting the winding in conjunction with an increased number of turns. To keep the supply voltage within limits compatible with the power supply, parallel connections of the tracks at the winding terminals are required. This paper tackles the eddy current problem differently by adding some slits distributed along the conductive tracks. This amounts to carry out local parallelizations without impacting the motor supply voltage. By means of parametric analyses carried out on different slit configurations and considering their impact on both the supply and eddy current losses, this study shows that a parallel reconnection of successive tracks two by two gives almost the same results as a classical parallel connection of all the tracks, independently of the winding shape. Furthermore, this paper concludes that the optimal number of parallel slits is fixed and valid for a large range of nominal speed-torque ratios. However, it is necessary to increase the width of the slits when this ratio becomes very high and it is technically no longer possible to increase the number of slits.

As spacial restrictions become more and more of an issue for renewable energy parks onshore, more developers are turning offshore to develop future production. The desire for a diversity of energy sources combined with a desire to utilize space efficiently has sparked an interest in renewable energy parks where more than one energy source occupy the space. This master thesis took up the task of modeling the grid connection of such an offshore multi-source park consisting of wind turbines and floating solar panels from a techno-economical perspective. The grid connection consists of everything from the wind turbine and solar output to the Point of Common Connection (PCC) onshore. The park consists of a 4x4 set of 15MW wind turbines accompanied by three large floating platforms of solar panels. Two different ways of creating the grid connection have been investigated, including many sub-cases. HVAC-transmission to shore has been compared with HVDC-transmission at different line voltages and transmission distances. The use of shunt reactors at the middle point of the transmission lines have been investigated to try extending the distance where HVAC was viable. A radial AC-collection grid has also been compared with a parallel DC-grid to see if DC-grids shows any promise. All of these different cases have been evaluated based on their total cost over a 25 year period. The result has shown that HVAC-transmission is desirable for shorter distances, but eventually reaches a break-even point where HVDC makes more sense economically. Adding a middle shunt was shown to be able to make HVAC competitive, if not desirable, compared to HVDC as the distance becomes long. Changes in the collection grid have significantly less of an impact on the cost of the entire system compared to the transmission. It was concluded that a multi- source park of wind and solar shows similar results compared to offshore parks consisting only of wind power and similar conclusions could be drawn. The, EU-SCORES

The recent progress obtained with silicon carbide on the performance of electronic systems has opened possible improvements on the cooling system. Instead of using forced cooling, the possibility of passive cooling is investigated, which would reduce the size and weight of the cooling system on trains. This study focuses on the unsteady coupling between the flow past a flat plate and the flux input heating the flat plate. This coupling impacts the temperature response at the interface and is of significant interest regarding the cooling of electronic systems on trains. With the use of two driving behaviours corresponding to two classical phases of train in operation, the interaction between the heat flux and the flow is investigated via two methods. These two driving behaviours are simplified versions of a constant speed phase, with constant losses, and an acceleration phase. An integral method is applied for a laminar incompressible flow to get the temperature evolution over time at different locations on the flat plate for these two cases. CFD simulations for a laminar flow are carried out and compared with the results of the first method. For the first driving behaviour, the agreement is good in the first half of the flat plate considered between the two methods. The differences are more important in the second half. This could be explained by the assumptions made on the boundary layer development. Regarding the acceleration phase, the peaks are well captured, and the match is very good in the temperature evolutions in the first half of the plate., QC 20220908

The authors make a narrative of the emergency and the catastrophe that arose as a result of the explosion of the volcano Cumbre Vieja in the southeastern region of the island of La Palma in the Canary Archipelago. A volcanism that has not caused deaths but has more than three thousand families affected, affecting their homes, life in their reference communities, their jobs, their social relationships and the local economy. Event that will require new adaptive psychological and emotional regulation processes to avoid the undesirable effects of uncertainties, loss of referents, material, economic or uprooting. The reconstruction process in all areas will require the participation of the affected community and the sustained support of the public administration., Los autores hacen una narrativa de la emergencia y la catástrofe surgida a raíz de la explosión del volcán cumbre vieja en la comarca sureste de la isla de la Palma del Archipiélago Canario. Un volcanismo que no ha generado muertes, pero si más de tres mil familias damnificadas, afectando a sus hogares, a la vida en sus comunidades de referencia, a sus trabajos, a sus relaciones sociales y a la economía local. Evento que exigirá nuevos procesos adaptativos psicológicos y de regulación emocional para evitar los efectos indeseables de las incertidumbres, las pérdidas de referentes, materiales, económicas o el desarraigo. El proceso de reconstrucción en todos los ámbitos requerirá el concurso de la comunidad afectada y el apoyo sostenido de la administración pública.

Agriculture is the leading source of non-point sources of water pollution, especially in terms of the runoff process. Agricultural management promotes extensive water contamination, soil erosion and sedimentation in streams and reservoirs. The water reservoir Švihov on the Želivka river supplies drinking water to more than 1.5 million people. The catchment area of the water supply reservoir is intensively used for agriculture, more than 55% of the catchment area is arable land. Nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrates in the upper water-ways of tributaries are a huge problem. The aim of the research is to evaluate concentration trends and losses of nutrients (nitrates and phosphorus) at the chosen tributaries to the Švihov reservoir during 2018-2021. From the data on monthly concentrations and monthly discharges the monthly and annual losses of nitrates and phosphorus on each profile were calculated. The effect of discharges and concentrations on the magnitude of losses was investigated by correlation analysis. The influence of the forebay Trnávka dam on the magnitude of nutrient losses was also evaluated. The results show the importance of discharge magnitude on nutrient losses. The Trnávka forebay dam significantly reduces the transport of phosphorus from the Trnava catchment to the Švihov reservoir. In the catchment area of the reservoir it is recommended to implement nature-friendly and technical measures for water retention and accumulation in the landscape in order to reduce nutrient transport., info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

We present theoretical and experimental results on the losses and confinement of spin waves (SW) in a Ferro- magnetic/Normal Metal/Air/Ferrite multilayer structure. The above structure can be used for the creation of a desired topology of static magnetic field in a thin ferrite film, used as SW waveguide. It is shown that a screening Normal Metal (NMe) layer, inserted between SW waveguide and ferromagnetic (FM) layer, significantly de- creases the SW losses caused by a lossy FM. It is also shown that the SW amplitude increases within the air gap (d) between a Ferrite film and NMe layer, when the gap satisfies the relation kd = 1, where k is SW wavenumber. The power flow density at Ferrite/Air interface is maximal when d is equal to a quarter wavelength of SW.

Winding loss calculation is essential for inductor and transformer design. In this article, a revised 1-D Ferreira's formula is proposed, which considers the interaction between conductors. Then, a 2-D loss calculation approach is proposed based on the analytical solution of round conductors under a uniform external field. An equivalent external magnetic field is calculated to estimate the winding losses, considering the impact of eddy current. The proposed approach is compared with the 2-D FEM with three types of windings and shows good accuracy with less than 10% error. 3-D FEMs and samples are built based on two simulated windings to validate the loss calculation., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., High Voltage Technology Group

The goldenberry (Physalis peruviana) is an exotic fruit that in recent years has acquired great importance in both the local and international markets; one of the limiting phytosanitary problems for this crop is vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali, which causes losses of 80-90%. The management of this pathogen is difficult and so far, it is based on preventive measures; however, there are alternatives such as genetic resistance, which is one of the most effective and profitable measures for its management. Taking that into account, the objective of this study was to evaluate the reaction of 40 genotypes of goldenberry against F. oxysporum under greenhouse conditions, by means of pathogenicity tests. The experiment was conducted in a selected place in the city of Pasto (Nariño department, south of Colombia). It was carried out with 40 genetic materials corresponding to different genotypes, one commercial control and four replicates per experimental unit; the statistical design was completely randomized. The traits evaluated were plant height (cm), disease severity (%), AUDPC area under the disease progress curve (units), disease incidence (%) and degree of vascular discoloration. The genotypes 09U138 and 12U399 have greater plant height (50.19 and 47.36 cm), lower AUDPC (zero units), lower incidence (0%) and lower degree of vascular discoloration (zero), with statistical differences from the rest of the genotypes, including the control. Field evaluations should be conducted with the same isolation and other commercial controls, as this research is only a step forward in the search for the resistance of uchuva to F. oxysporum., El aguaymanto ( Physalis peruviana ) es una fruta exótica que en los últimos años ha adquirido gran importancia tanto en el mercado local como internacional; uno de los problemas fitosanitarios limitantes para este cultivo es la marchitez vascular causada por Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali , que provoca pérdidas del 80-90%. El manejo de este patógeno es difícil y hasta el momento se basa en medidas preventivas; sin embargo, existen alternativas como la resistencia genética, que es una de las medidas más efectivas y rentables para su manejo. Teniendo esto en cuenta, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la reacción de 40 genotipos de uvilla contra F. oxysporumen condiciones de invernadero, mediante pruebas de patogenicidad. El experimento se realizó en un lugar seleccionado de la ciudad de Pasto (departamento de Nariño, sur de Colombia). Se realizó con 40 materiales genéticos correspondientes a diferentes genotipos, un testigo comercial y cuatro repeticiones por unidad experimental; el diseño estadístico fue completamente al azar. Las características evaluadas fueron la altura de la planta (cm), la gravedad de la enfermedad (%), el área AUDPC bajo la curva de progreso de la enfermedad (unidades), la incidencia de la enfermedad (%) y el grado de decoloración vascular. Los genotipos 09U138 y 12U399 presentan mayor altura de planta (50.19 y 47.36 cm), menor AUDPC (cero unidades), menor incidencia (0%) y menor grado de decoloración vascular (cero), con diferencias estadísticas con el resto de los genotipos, entre ellos el control. F. oxysporum .

Exploiting detailed disclosures mandated by Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) 820, we provide evidence for the return relevance of Level 3 fair value remeasurements for a comprehensive sample of U.S. listed banks. We find that Level 3 remeasurements recognized in earnings are more return relevant than those recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI). Our results suggest that Level 3 remeasurements in OCI partially reflect transitory illiquidity discounts that are less relevant when banks have the ability to hold the underlying assets. The regulatory capital treatment of OCI also affects the return relevance of Level 3 remeasurements in OCI. Importantly, we find no differences in the return relevance of realized versus unrealized Level 3 remeasurements in earnings, allaying concerns that investors perceive unrealized Level 3 remeasurements of lesser quality. Overall, our findings support the usefulness of the segregated disclosures of Level 3 fair value remeasurements.

© 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works., With the aim to increase standardization, reduce the cost, and obtain advanced performance features, the design of voltage-source power converter legs can be undertaken by combining several instances of a standard switching cell, properly connected in active neutral-point-clamped structures to reach the desired voltage and current ratings. These switching cells can be organized into switching-cell arrays. This design approach introduces several degrees of freedom into the design. Namely, the different options to interconnect the cells and the distribution of switching losses among these cells. This article aims to define an optimization problem to explore this design space. The design problem is formulated in different scenarios, involving different conversion configurations (dc-dc and dc-ac), different leg number of levels (two and three), and different types of available cells (standard and conduction-optimized in combination with switching-optimized). A weighted objective function is then defined in terms of leg simplicity, efficiency, and reliability. The value of the design variables that minimize the objective function with different sets of weighting factors are obtained under selected scenarios and operating conditions, to illustrate the flexibility of the converter design approach under study. The solution of the optimization problem is obtained using a surrogate optimization algorithm in MATLAB, well suited to quickly solve optimization problems involving a combination of integer design variables (the number of parallel switching cells in each converter leg position) and continuous design variables (the proportion of switching losses taken by each cell), together with linear and nonlinear constraints., Postprint (author's final draft)

Breeding of multi-resistant varieties to reduce yield loss due to disease damage and lodging, and reduction of input intensity are of high importance for a more sustainable cereal production. The aim of this study was to evaluate (i) yield reduction caused by diseases and lodging and (ii) impact of input intensity and soil fertility in cereal variety trials grown under two intensities. Intensity 2 was treated with and intensity 1 without fungicides and growth regulators. We applied multiple regression approaches based on mixed linear models. First, we estimated relative yield reduction in intensity 1 compared to intensity 2 as a function of severity scores of diseases and lodging. High yield reductions occurred in winter wheat and winter triticale, moderate in winter rye and winter barley and low in spring barley. The damage potential was highest for yellow rust, followed by brown rust, lodging and Septoria tritici blotch. Medium damage potential was identified for dwarf leaf rust and low for powdery mildew, Septoria nodorum blotch, Rhynchosporium as well as for stem and ear buckling. Second, differences in input intensity did not affect yield in intensity 2 across the range of nitrogen and fungicide application rates while higher yield occurred at higher growth regulator rates and soil fertility. Growth regulator was strongly related with higher yield in winter rye and winter barley, however in spring barley, a negative relation was found. Soil fertility showed the strongest yield impact in all crops.

The paper describes the properties of glycerol produced by transesterification, especially the ester content in the glycerol phase (ester losses) including the distribution of esters according to higher fatty acids. Glycerol, produced by transesterification of oil as a side product -the polar glycerol phase, is an important chemical raw material. The decreasing of ester losses is important because it (i) increases the ester yield and especially (ii) decreases the cost of glycerol purification. The transesterification of oils (rapeseed, olive, palm, sunflower and Camelina Sativa) with various distributions of fatty acids was carried out by methanol, ethanol and butanol including different transesterification stopping. The losses of ethyl and butyl esters are much higher than losses of methyl ester (approximately 2-3x). The dis-tribution of ethyl and butyl esters in the glycerol phase is the same as in the ester phase, whereas distribution of methyl ester is different and depends on the way of transesterification stopping. The reason is the different polarity of methyl esters, which depends on the type of fatty acid. The polarity increases with increasing of double bonds, i.e. the most soluble is methyl ester of linolenic acid in the glycerol phase. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., Práce popisuje vlastnosti glycerolu produkovaného transesterifikací, zejména z pohledu obsahu esterů v glycerolové fázi včetně distribuce esterů. Posuzovány byly ztráty esterů, jejich výtěžek a čistota glycerolu pro různé přírodní oleje zpracovávané metodou transesterifikace.

Op donderdag 21 april 2022 is de winnaar van de MBO Challenge Voedselverspilling bekend gemaakt. Unaniem koos de jury voor de Wasabi Kroket van de studenten MBO voeding & kwailiteit van het Lentiz LIFE College. Opdrachtgever was Sander van Kampen van Dutch Wasabi.

Accurate calculation of semiconductor losses and temperature is the foundation of any design methodology for a power electronic converter. Computation accuracy and speed play a vital role if a large set of parameters needs to be considered. Averaged loss models often neglect the temperature dependence of transistors, leading to fast, but inaccurate results. In contrast, iterative methods and simulation tools, which can include temperature dependence, take significantly longer to compute, but yield more precise results. This paper presents a best of both worlds approach, by using the harmonic balance method to obtain the steady-state solution for any inverter topology including temperature dependent conduction and switching losses. The proposed method solves for the discrete Fourier series of the device temperature, by expressing the temperature dependence and operating parameters in the frequency domain. The set of equations for each coefficient is solved by a single matrix inversion, resulting in very fast computation for steady-state temperature cycles. The steady-state operation of over one thousand possible inverter designs is calculated within less than one minute, matching iterative simulation in device temperature, conduction and switching losses, at a fraction of the computation time. In addition, the method shows good agreement with temperature measurements of a three-phase silicon-carbide inverter.

After the pandemic hit in 2020, the aerospace and defense industry was specifically impacted very harshly. Rolls-Royce was one of the main companies that had to go through major structural and logistical changes to cope with the changing economy. As one of the leaders of the aerospace and defense (A&D) industry, the main problem that Rolls-Royce was facing was the drastic reduction in demand for civil and commercial aircraft, which was one of Rolls-Royce’s core businesses. This led to supply chain problems, reduced profits, and eventually heavy losses. The effects of these problems caused great distress in the company. My specific role was twofold: to analyze their financial statements for the present and to provide risk management strategies for the future. For the former, I offer solutions on how they can minimize their losses and maximize their profits. Most of my research on this part was conducted by studying how companies performed under great financial distress in the past during black swan events, such as the housing crisis of 2008, the Great Recession, the dot-com bubble, and so forth. For the latter risk management objective, I created a personalized risk matrix for Rolls-Royce by identifying and ranking all their current and potential risks. Then I prioritized the risks that required more attention based on both qualitative and quantitative analyses of cost and performance impacts, and presented recommended solutions for these risks. Overall, I address six main issues and risks that Rolls-Royce should focus on and provide solutions to mitigate them.

During storage, cereals and legumes are vulnerable to insects, rodents, and fungi, which can cause loss of weight, damage or discoloration of products, and/or toxin formation. Hermetic bags can prevent excessive insect infestation, and toxin formation. This paper presents an analysis of the effects of hermetic bags for the storage of maize on food loss reduction by insects and on net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, based on practical data from field trials. Their economic feasibility, by optimizing the total income in markets with different price seasonalities in different Sub-Saharan African countries, is analyzed. The data of five field trials were combined and put in classes of 50 days of increasing storage time to get a realistic loss of produce during storage using regular bags (with or without the use of pesticides) and hermetic bags. The maize for storage trials were used as is, bought locally or used direct from the field. Scenario studies with standard storage, standard storage combined with pesticides and hermetic bag storage show significant losses by insects after 100 storage days for standard and standard with pesticides storage, whereas with hermetic bags, product losses are kept to a minimum of 2%. The economic analysis shows less clear-cut outcomes: the interventions' effectiveness depends largely on the rate of seasonal price fluctuation of the commodity. For farmers' personal consumption, when the quality is less critical, the use of hermetic bags is only more economical compared with other methods of storage for produce kept over 100 days. Since the quality of maize is well-preserved by the hermetic bag, the return on the investment is shorter when the maize is sold at the market. However, for countries with a low seasonal price gap, the investment cannot be recouped. As the use of hermetic bags is a good intervention for preventing food loss, it is best promoted not only for providing direct profits to farmers but also for health benefits, as bag

Voorkomen van voedselverspilling, de eiwit- en de energietransitie, een stikstofcrisis; er liggen grote uitdagingen op het pad van de voedingsbranche. Digitalisering kan helpen deze uitdagingen het hoofd te bieden en vernieuwingen te versnellen. Maar het is ook noodzakelijk om onze positie op de wereldmarkt vast te houden.

Метою даного проєкту є підвищенні рівня енергоефективності житлового будинку. Для досягнення даної мети було запропоновано впровадити такі заходи з енергозбереження: встановити датчики руху, замінити лампи, встановити конденсаторні батареї, утеплити зовнішні стіни буділі, замінити вікна, утеплити дах, встановити терморегулятори на батареї та виконати промивку систем опалення., The aim of this project is to increase the energy efficiency of a residential building. To achieve this goal, it was proposed to implement the following energy saving measures: install motion sensors, replace lamps, install condenser batteries, insulate the outer walls of the alarm, replace windows, insulate the roof, install thermostats on the batteries and flush heating systems.

The article deals with the problems of introducing the concept of lean manufacturing into the activities of Russian companies. In this regard, the issue of the importance of companies realizing their main value of their employees and the need to create safe, comfortable working conditions for them is being investigated., В статье рассмотрены проблемы внедрения концепции бережливого производства в деятельность российских компаний. В связи с этим исследуется вопрос важности осознания компаниями своей главной ценностью своих сотрудников и необходимости создания безопасных, комфортных условий работы для них.

Внедрение программы лимитного отпуска материалов и ПКИ на предприятии обусловлено изменением процесса организации, а также отнесением затрат на заказы. А это вязано с ФЗ № 275, осуществляющим контроль за соблюдением порядка ценообразования на продукцию, поставляемую по ГОЗ. Благодаря изменению данного процесса образуются резервы организации производства. А резервы, в свою очередь, это неиспользуемые возможности совершенствования деятельности предприятия. И повышение на этой основе эффективности его производства за счет сокращения потерь, развития внутренней и внешней организационно-технологической среды, а также за счет изменения внешних условий функционирования предприятия., The materials limited release program introduction at the enterprise is due to changes in the costs allocation organizing process. This, in turn, is related to Federal law No. 275, which monitors compliance with the pricing procedure for products supplied under the state budget. Due to the change in this process, reserves are formed for the production organization. And reserves — in turn, are unused opportunities for improving the company’s activities. And increase on this basis the efficiency of its production by reducing losses, developing the internal and external organizational and technological environment, as well as by changing the external conditions of the enterprise.

[ES] El objetivo del trabajo es averiguar si el modelo unidimensional de HECRAS es adecuado para calcular las pérdidas en el flujo detrás de los cilindros horizontales. Los cilindros son colocados en distintas disposiciones, las cuales se pueden diseñar también en HECRAS: geométricamente como obstáculo que el flujo pasa por debajo y/o por encima mediante un algoritmo interno del software; como pérdidas locales; y como pérdidas continuas (fricción de pared). El trabajo consta de las siguientes fases: Presentación de la parte teórica. En el laboratorio se realizan diversas experiencias cambiando la disposición de los cilindros, el caudal, la inclinación, etc. y se toman medidas de la cota y se toman fotografías de cada caso para posteriormente digitalizar la línea de cota. Se modelan en HECRAS todos los casos investigados en el laboratorio y se simulan. Presentación de los resultados tanto prácticos como simulados/calculados. Análisis y comparación de los resultados., [EN] The aim of the investigation is to find out whether the 1D flow model HECRAS is suitable for calculating flow losses behind several horizontal cylinders. The cylinders are flowed over and under differently, which can be implemented differently in the model: geometrically as an under and overflowed obstacle (internal HECRAS algorithm); as a local loss (loss coefficient); and as a continuous loss (wall friction). The thesis consists of the following phases: Presentation of the theoretical part. Various experiments are carried out in the laboratory by modifying the arrangement of the cylinders, the slope, the flow, etc. and measurements and photographs are taken of each case in order to digitize the water surface line. All cases investigated in the laboratory are modeled in HECRAS and simulated. Presentation of both practical and simulated / calculated results. Analysis and comparison of results., [AL] HEC-RAS ist ein Strömungsmodell, das die Hydraulik des Wasserflusses durch natürliche Flüsse und andere Kanäle modelliert. Ziel der Untersuchung ist es herauszufinden, ob sich das 1D Strömungsmodell HEC-RAS eignet, um Strömungsverluste hinter mehreren horizontalen Zylindern zu berechnen. Die Zylinder werden unterschiedlich über- und unterströmt, was im Modell geometrisch als unter- und überströmtes Hindernis (interner HEC-RAS Algorithmus) umgesetzt werden kann. Die Bachelorarbeit besteht aus folgenden Teilen: Darstellung der Theorie hinter den Berechnungsansätzen, Modellierung von fünf Versuchsanordnungen und Darstellung der Ergebnisse gemessen-berechnet.

DC microgrids have become a prevalent topic in research in part due to the expected superior efficiency of DC/DC converters compared to their AC/DC counterparts. Although numer-ous side-by-side analyses have quantified the efficiency benefits of DC power distribution, these studies all modeled converter loss based on product data that varied in component quality and operating voltage. To establish a fair efficiency comparison, this work derives a formulaic loss model of a DC/DC and an AC/DC PFC boost converter. These converters are modeled with identical components and an equivalent input and output voltage. Simulated designs with real components show AC/DC boost converters between 100 W to 500 W having up to 2.5 times more loss than DC/DC boost converters. Although boost converters represent a fraction of electronics in build-ings, these loss models can eventually work toward establishing a comprehensive model-based full-building analysis.

[ES] El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado (TFG) tiene como fin el estudio de los sistemas actuales empleados en las placas solares para que trabajen lo ma¿s cerca posible del Punto de Ma¿xima Potencia, y asi¿ llevar a cabo la propuesta de un nuevo sistema para mejorar los rendimientos actuales. Para ello se pretende realizar un estudio detallado de cuales son los sistemas actuales empleados, que algoritmos emplean para realizar el seguimiento del Punto de Ma¿xima Potencia y destacar cuales son las barreras con las que se encuentran dichos sistemas actuales para no poder extraer el ma¿ximo provecho. Teniendo todo esto en cuenta, se expondra¿ la nueva solucio¿n basada en dos redes neuronales y un dispositivo sensor de bajo coste, la cual tendra¿ en cuenta un mayor nu¿mero de variables y dara¿ por consiguiente un resultado ma¿s certero constantemente. Esta sera¿ testeada bajo las consiguientes pruebas con programas como Matlab o Simulink, para asi¿ entrenar las redes neuronales y comprobar que estas son capaces de calcular los valores esperados de potencia. Adema¿s, se comparara¿n tambie¿n estos valores con los obtenidos por los algoritmos actuales y con el valor ideal. Cabe destacar tambie¿n la importancia del contexto en el que se situ¿a el documento, dado el auge que han tenido las energi¿as renovables en Espan¿a en los u¿ltimos an¿os, especialmente la solar, y por tanto la cantidad de clientes que podri¿a beneficiarse de ello y la potencia que podri¿a aprovecharse., [EN] The purpose of this Final Degree Project (TFG) is to study the current systems used in solar panels to operate as close as possible to the Maximum Power Point, in order to propose a new system to improve the current performance. With the aim of doing this, the idea is to carry out a detailed study of the current systems used, the algorithms used to track the Maximum Power Point and to highlight the barriers that these current systems must overcome in order to be able to extract the maximum benefit. Taking all this into consideration, the new solution based on two neural networks and a low-cost sensor device will be presented, which will take into account a greater number of variables and will therefore give a more accurate result constantly. This will be tested under the consequent tests with programs such as MATLAB or Simulink, in order to train the neural networks and check that they are able to calculate the expected power values. In addition, these values will also be compared with those obtained by the current algorithms and with the ideal value. It should also be noted the importance of the context in which the paper is placed, given the increase in renewable energies in Spain in recent years, especially solar energy, and therefore the number of customers that could benefit from it and the power that could be harnessed.

Loss allocation through analytical expressions in three-core lead-sheathed armored cables is challenging due to the complex geometry of this type of cable, commonly employed in submarine energy transmission systems (involving twisted conductors, sheaths and armor). Most of the expressions of the IEC standard 60287 have not been properly adapted for three-core armored cables, leading to inaccurate values for the different losses, so important efforts are currently devoted to improving them. In this work, an improved ultra-shortened 3D finite element model (FEM) is employed for developing an in-depth analysis of the electromagnetic interactions that take place in 6 real cables, being especially focused on those aspects that are not considered in the IEC standard. As a result, important conclusions are derived regarding the losses in conductors and sheaths, which introduce different corrections for improving the accuracy of the IEC expressions. The new formulation is then employed to propose a simplified experimental armor loss allocation procedure. This is virtually applied through the FEM tool to more than 700 cable configurations, showing a remarkable improvement in the loss allocation over the IEC standard and previous experimental procedures.

Active nitrifiers and rapid nitrification are major contributing factors to nitrogen losses in global wheat production. Suppressing nitrifier activity is an effective strategy to limit N losses from agriculture. Production and release of nitrification inhibitors from plant roots is termed "biological nitrification inhibition" (BNI). Here, we report the discovery of a chromosome region that controls BNI production in "wheat grass" Leymus racemosus (Lam.) Tzvelev, located on the short arm of the "Lr#3Ns(b)" (Lr#n), which can be transferred to wheat as T3BL.3Ns(b)S (denoted Lr#n-SA), where 3BS arm of chromosome 3B of wheat was replaced by 3Ns(b)S of L. racemosus. We successfully introduced T3BL.3Ns(b)S into the wheat cultivar "Chinese Spring" (CS-Lr#n-SA, referred to as "BNI-CS"), which resulted in the doubling of its BNI capacity. T3BL.3Ns(b)S from BNI-CS was then transferred to several elite high-yielding hexaploid wheat cultivars, leading to near doubling of BNI production in "BNI-MUNAL" and "BNI-ROELFS." Laboratory incubation studies with root-zone soil from field-grown BNI-MUNAL confirmed BNI trait expression, evident from suppression of soil nitrifier activity, reduced nitrification potential, and N2O emissions. Changes in N metabolism included reductions in both leaf nitrate, nitrate reductase activity, and enhanced glutamine synthetase activity, indicating a shift toward ammonium nutrition. Nitrogen uptake from soil organic matter mineralization improved under low N conditions. Biomass production, grain yields, and N uptake were significantly higher in BNI-MUNAL across N treatments. Grain protein levels and breadmaking attributes were not negatively impacted. Wide use of BNI functions in wheat breeding may combat nitrification in high N input-intensive farming but also can improve adaptation to low N input marginal areas.

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of ethylene inhibitors on the safety of fruits and vegetables. It has been established that the treatment of fruits and vegetables with a gaseous ethylene inhibitor slows down the ripening process by 1.5 times compared to conventional storage. The shelf life is extended by 2-2.5 months

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado., Construction projects for buildings, in the execution stage, show a variation of the real with respect to what is planned in the budget. The consequence of this lag presented usually causes large economic losses. Given this situation, in the construction industry, various control systems have been developed that have as a final deliverable a frequent management report, which serves to make decisions regarding the analyzed, whose results are applied and evaluated after a specific period of time. These management reports have good results at the time of their application; however, data processing, analysis execution, and decision making take approximately 30 days. In this sense, the present investigation proposes to develop a control system focused in real time, generated by the daily control in the execution stage. The results show a reduction of waste in the main resources of multi-family building projects, and this is in labor and materials, identifying the causes that originate them and suggesting generic solutions, at the end of the workday., Revisión por pares