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Asphalt pavement consists of aggregates resulting in a waste material at end of its life. The aggregates can be reused as basic material for asphalt or cementitious binding agents. In both scenarios, the recycled aggregates should provide a good bond with the binder to achieve strength. This study focuses on reusing recycled asphalt aggregates (RAA) in mortar. The major weakness of RAA is the thin oily film originating from the asphalt residue, weakening the bond with cement. The pyrolysis method is accessed in an attempt to overcome this weakness. Three scenarios were investigated; the use of virgin aggregates (VA), RAA, and pyrolysis recycled asphalt aggregate (PRAA) as constituent in mortar. All variables were set a constant except for the aggregate type, the VA mortar function as controlling element. This research is methodologically based on experimental data conducted in the laboratory, while aggregate samples were taken from the field. To analyze the influence of pyrolysis to the aggregate-to-cement bond behaviour, qualitative and quantitative data were collected. The quantitative data were the mechanical properties, the mortar tensile, and compression strength. The qualitative data were obtained from scanning electron microscope readings to visually observe the aggregate surface roughness and voids, including the aggregates cross-section and pre-existing micro-cracks in the aggregate-to-cement interface. Supporting data were the aggregates‘ abrasion rate and absorption. The RAA resulted in a significant mortar strength decrease. This conclusion was supported by the findings of pre-existing cracks in the interfacial transition zone. The pyrolysis method improved the compression strength but negligibly affected the tensile behavior. The compression and tensile strength increased as a function of time for both RAA and PRAA, and a strength convergence was reached at 28 days. The PRAA is considered an option for reuse in mortar, supporting nature conservation., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Materials and Environment

The data reported by Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) show that the fatal casualties and severe injuries are due to heavy shaking during massive earthquakes. Current earthquake-resistant building standards do not include comfort-level performance. Hence, a new performance design philosophy is proposed in this research to evaluate the quantitative effect of earthquake-induced shaking in a building. The earthquake-induced response accelerations in a building are analysed, and the response accelerations related with the characteristic property of the building are used to evaluate the number of Seismic Intensity Level (SIL). To show the indispensability of the newly proposed comfort-level design philosophy, numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the comfort level on different floors in a building. The results show that the evaluation of residents’ comfort levels should be considered in the current earthquake-resistant building design codes.

The data reported by Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) show that the fatal casualties and severe injuries are due to heavy shaking during massive earthquakes. Current earthquake-resistant building standards do not include comfort-level performance. Hence, a new performance design philosophy is proposed in this research to evaluate the quantitative effect of earthquake-induced shaking in a building. The earthquake-induced response accelerations in a building are analysed, and the response accelerations related with the characteristic property of the building are used to evaluate the number of Seismic Intensity Level (SIL). To show the indispensability of the newly proposed comfort-level design philosophy, numerical simulations are conducted to evaluate the comfort level on different floors in a building. The results show that the evaluation of residents’ comfort levels should be considered in the current earthquake-resistant building design codes.

Purbalingga is regency with a potential moderately high seismicity requiring compliance of planning and implementation rules of the earthquake-resistant structural system. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of a ten-story irregular apartment building model in Purbalingga due to the seismic load. The study is necessarily conducted to provide information on impacts and mitigation strategies that should be implemented. This research was conducted based on the seismic capacity of 2002 and 2012 Indonesian National Standard (SNI) including linear static analysis, dynamic response analysis, and pushover analysis. Based on the direct static review, it shows that the base shear is reduced and the drift ratio level decreases respectively for X and Y direction.Meanwhile, based on the dynamic response analysis, the drift ratio level also decreases respectively for X and Y direction. Also, the pushover analysis indicates that the performance of this apartment building model is still at Immediate Occupancy (IO) level as the post-earthquake damage state that remains safe to occupy, essentially retains the pre-earthquake design strength and stiffness of the structure. The risk of life-threatening injury as a result of structural damage is very low, and although some minor structural repairs may be appropriate, these would generally not be required before occupancy