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The subject of this talk is quantum distributed computing, i.e., distributed computing where the processors of the network can exchange quantum messages. In the first part of the talk I survey recent results [Taisuke Izumi and François Le Gall, 2019; Taisuke Izumi et al., 2020; François Le Gall and Frédéric Magniez, 2018; François Le Gall et al., 2019; Xudong Wu and Penghui Yao, 2022] and some older results [Michael Ben-Or and Avinatan Hassidim, 2005; Seiichiro Tani et al., 2012] that show the potential of quantum distributed algorithms. In the second part I present our recent work [Xavier Coiteux-Roy et al., 2023] showing the limitations of quantum distributed algorithms for approximate graph coloring. Finally, I mention interesting and important open questions in quantum distributed computing.

There has been continuous and growing interest in edible insects. Worldwide, various levels of insect farming are emerging, ranging from small domestic farms to vertical farms reaching heights of 36 meters, accommodating several million growing insects. The appeal of insects lies in their ecological benefits, as they contribute to the valorization of underutilized organic residues while requiring minimal space and water. The selection of insect species is influenced not only by their biology and behavior but also by local preferences and customs, varying with the scale of production and geographical location. This review article aims to provide an updated overview of the main insect species produced across different continents, their current level of industrialization, and production prospects based on available literature.

The Soi crater region (0° to 60°N, 180°W to −110°W), which includes the well-preserved Soi crater in its center, spans a region from Titan's aeolian-dominated equatorial regions to fluvially-dominated high northern latitudes. This provides a rich diversity of landscapes, one that is also representative of the diversity encountered across Titan. Schoenfeld et al. (2023) mapped this region at 1:800,000 scale and produced a geomorphological map showing that the area consists of 22 types of geomorphological units. The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) coverage of the region enabled the detailed analysis of spectra of 261 different locations using a radiative transfer technique and a mixing model, yielding compositional constraints on Titan's optical surface layer. Additional constraints on composition on the near-surface substrate were obtained from microwave emissivity. We have derived combinations of top surface materials between dark materials, tholins, water-ice, and methane suggesting that dark mobile organic material at equatorial and high latitudes indicates “young” terrains and compositions, while tholin/water-ice mixtures that dominate areas around latitude 35°N show a material that is older plains deposits that we interpret to be the end stage of aeolian and fluvial transport and deposition. We found no spectral evidence of CO2, HC3N, and NH3 ice. We use the stratigraphic relations between the various mapping units and the relation between the geomorphology and the composition of the surface layers to build hypotheses on the origin and evolution of the regional geology. We suggest that sedimentary deposits, likely aeolian, are dominant in the region with fluvial activity and leaching changing the nature of the top surfaces of the midlatitude areas of the Soi crater region., QC 20240827

Footprints represent a relevant vestige providing direct information on the biology, locomotion, and behaviour of the individuals who left them. However, the spatiotemporal distribution of hominin footprints is heterogeneous, particularly in North Africa, where no footprint sites were known before the Holocene. This region is important in the evolution of hominins. It notably includes the earliest currently known Homo sapiens (Jebel Irhoud) and the oldest and richest African Middle Stone Age hominin sites. In this fragmented ichnological record, we report the discovery of 85 human footprints on a Late Pleistocene now indurated beach surface of about 2800 m2 at Larache (Northwest coast of Morocco). The wide range of sizes of the footprints suggests that several individuals from different age groups made the tracks while moving landward and seaward across a semi-dissipative bar-trough sandy beach foreshore. A geological investigation and an optically stimulated luminescence dating of a rock sample extracted from the tracksite places this hominin footprint surface at 90.3 ± 7.6 ka (MIS 5, Late Pleistocene). The Larache footprints are, therefore, the oldest attributed to Homo sapiens in Northern Africa and the Southern Mediterranean.

The analysis of the stable isotopic composition of hydrogen and oxygen in water samples from soils and plants can help to identify sources of vegetation water uptake. This approach requires that the heterogeneous nature of plant and soil matrices is carefully accounted for during experimental design, sample collection, water extraction and analyses. The comparability and shortcomings of the different methods for extracting water and analyzing isotopic composition have been discussed in specialized literature. Yet, despite insightful comparisons of extraction methods and benchmarking methodologies of laboratories worldwide, the community still lacks a roadmap to guide sample collection, extraction, and isotopic analyses, and many practical issues for potential users remain unresolved: for example, which (soil or plant) water pool(s) does the extracted water represent? These constitute a hurdle for the implementation of the approach by newcomers. Here, we summarize discussions led in the framework of the COST Action WATSON (“WATer isotopeS in the critical zONe: from groundwater recharge to plant transpiration”—CA19120). We provide guidelines for (1) sampling soil and plant material for isotopic analysis, (2) methods for laboratory or in situ water extraction, and (3) measurements of isotopic composition. We highlight the importance of considering the process chain as a whole, from experimental design to isotopic analysis to minimize biased estimates of the relative contribution of different water sources to plant water uptake. We conclude by acknowledging some of the limitations of this methodology and advice on the collection of key environmental parameters prior to sample collection for isotopic analyses. This article is categorized under: Science of Water > Hydrological Processes Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change Science of Water > Water Extremes.

This 1:30,000 scale geological map describes Oxia Planum, Mars, the landing site for the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover mission. The map represents our current understanding of bedrock units and their relationships prior to Rosalind Franklin’s exploration of this location. The map details 15 bedrock units organised into 6 groups and 7 textural and surficial units. The bedrock units were identified using visible and near-infrared remote sensing datasets. The objectives of this map are (i) to identify where the most astrobiologically relevant rocks are likely to be found, (ii) to show where hypotheses about their geological context (within Oxia Planum and in the wider geological history of Mars) can be tested, (iii) to inform both the long-term (hundreds of metres to ∼1 km) and the short-term (tens of metres) activity planning for rover exploration, and (iv) to allow the samples analysed by the rover to be interpreted within their regional geological context.

Locusts and other migratory grasshoppers are transboundary pests. Monitoring and control, therefore, involve a complex system made up of social, ecological, and technological factors. Researchers and those involved in active management are calling for more integration between these siloed but often interrelated sectors. In this paper, we bring together 38 coauthors from six continents and 34 unique organizations, representing much of the social-ecological-technological system (SETS) related to grasshopper and locust management and research around the globe, to introduce current topics of interest and review recent advancements. Together, the paper explores the relationships, strengths, and weaknesses of the organizations responsible for the management of major locust-affected regions. The authors cover topics spanning humanities, social science, and the history of locust biological research and offer insights and approaches for the future of collaborative sustainable locust management. These perspectives will help support sustainable locust management, which still faces immense challenges such as fluctuations in funding, focus, isolated agendas, trust, communication, transparency, pesticide use, and environmental and human health standards. Arizona State University launched the Global Locust Initiative (GLI) in 2018 as a response to some of these challenges. The GLI welcomes individuals with interests in locusts and grasshoppers, transboundary pests, integrated pest management, landscape-level processes, food security, and/or cross-sectoral initiatives.

Estimating the ground state energy of a local Hamiltonian is a central problem in quantum chemistry. In order to further investigate its complexity and the potential of quantum algorithms for quantum chemistry, Gharibian and Le Gall (STOC 2022) recently introduced the guided local Hamiltonian problem (GLH), which is a variant of the local Hamiltonian problem where an approximation of a ground state (which is called a guiding state) is given as an additional input. Gharibian and Le Gall showed quantum advantage (more precisely, BQP-completeness) for GLH with 6-local Hamiltonians when the guiding state has fidelity (inverse-polynomially) close to 1/2 with a ground state. In this paper, we optimally improve both the locality and the fidelity parameter: we show that the BQP-completeness persists even with 2-local Hamiltonians, and even when the guiding state has fidelity (inverse-polynomially) close to 1 with a ground state. Moreover, we show that the BQP-completeness also holds for 2-local physically motivated Hamiltonians on a 2D square lattice or a 2D triangular lattice. Beyond the hardness of estimating the ground state energy, we also show BQP-hardness persists when considering estimating energies of excited states of these Hamiltonians instead. Those make further steps towards establishing practical quantum advantage in quantum chemistry.

Global marine conservation remains fractured by an imbalance in research efforts and policy actions, limiting progression towards sustainability. Rhodolith beds represent a prime example, as they have ecological importance on a global scale, provide a wealth of ecosystem functions and services, including biodiversity provision and potential climate change mitigation, but remain disproportionately understudied, compared to other coastal ecosystems (tropical coral reefs, kelp forests, mangroves, seagrasses). Although rhodolith beds have gained some recognition, as important and sensitive habitats at national/regional levels during the last decade, there is still a notable lack of information and, consequently, specific conservation efforts. We argue that the lack of information about these habitats, and the significant ecosystem services they provide, is hindering the development of effective conservation measures and limiting wider marine conservation success. This is becoming a pressing issue, considering the multiple severe pressures and threats these habitats are exposed to (e.g., pollution, fishing activities, climate change), which may lead to an erosion of their ecological function and ecosystem services. By synthesizing the current knowledge, we provide arguments to highlight the importance and urgency of levelling-up research efforts focused on rhodolith beds, combating rhodolith bed degradation and avoiding the loss of associated biodiversity, thus ensuring the sustainability of future conservation programs.

The study of distributed interactive proofs was initiated by Kol, Oshman, and Saxena [PODC 2018] as a generalization of distributed decision mechanisms (proof-labeling schemes, etc.), and has received a lot of attention in recent years. In distributed interactive proofs, the nodes of an n-node network G can exchange short messages (called certificates) with a powerful prover. The goal is to decide if the input (including G itself) belongs to some language, with as few turns of interaction and as few bits exchanged between nodes and the prover as possible. There are several results showing that the size of certificates can be reduced drastically with a constant number of interactions compared to non-interactive distributed proofs. In this paper, we introduce the quantum counterpart of distributed interactive proofs: certificates can now be quantum bits, and the nodes of the network can perform quantum computation. The first result of this paper shows that by using distributed quantum interactive proofs, the number of interactions can be significantly reduced. More precisely, our result shows that for any constant k, the class of languages that can be decided by a k-turn classical (i.e., non-quantum) distributed interactive protocol with f(n)-bit certificate size is contained in the class of languages that can be decided by a 5-turn distributed quantum interactive protocol with O(f(n))-bit certificate size. We also show that if we allow to use shared randomness, the number of turns can be reduced to three. Since no similar turn-reduction classical technique is currently known, our result gives evidence of the power of quantum computation in the setting of distributed interactive proofs as well. As a corollary of our results, we show that there exist 5-turn/3-turn distributed quantum interactive protocols with small certificate size for problems that have been considered in prior works on distributed interactive proofs such as [Kol, Oshman, and Saxena PODC 2018, Naor

Cet ouvrage poursuit deux objectifs. Le premier consiste à montrer que la monographie régimentaire est un exercice de style permettant de développer la connaissance de l’armée française de 1914-1918. Le second, fondé sur l’exemple du 47e régiment d’infanterie de Saint-Malo, est de voir en quoi l’étude approfondie de la culture professionnelle des combattants renouvelle les débats liés à l’endurance des soldats au cours de la Première Guerre mondiale. Ces débats ont été en effet trop longtemps enfermés dans la dualité de la contrainte et du consentement, et il s’agit ici de tenter de la dépasser. Après avoir démontré la pertinence de l’échelon régimentaire comme espace de réflexion et défini les sources et la méthode employées, le propos s’attachera à démontrer en quoi consiste le « métier » du 47e RI pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. Ensuite, il s’agira de se poser la question de la recharge du capital combattant de l’unité, celui-ci s’émoussant mécaniquement au fil de la campagne. Enfin, nous envisagerons la sortie du conflit et appréhenderons l’expérience de guerre, non plus uniquement comme une souffrance subie, ce qu’elle est indéniablement, mais aussi comme un capital que les anciens combattants parviennent à faire plus ou moins efficacement fructifier selon les milieux socioprofessionnels dans lesquels ils évoluent.

Les pollinisateurs sont des maillons essentiels dans la chaîne de la biodiversité : 70 % des plantes sont pollinisées uniquement par les abeilles, et sans pollinisation, pas de fruit ni de légumes. Planter des espèces mellifères permet de favoriser l'installation de colonies d'insectes. Une première partie qui présente les espèces pollinisatrices, abeilles, bourdons, guêpes, etc. Plus de 50 espèces mellifères à planter, avec des fiches de culture détaillées et illustrées.

Les anciennes variétés, souvent oubliées, ont pourtant beaucoup d'atouts : parfum, résistance, rôle dans la biodiversité, rusticité et adaptation à des types de sols et de milieux, etc. 60 plantes présentées en fiches de culture détaillées et illustrées. Tous les types de plantes : arbustes, fleurs, légumes, fruits.

Lithophyllum okamurae has been widely reported in the Pacific Ocean with identification based on morpho-anatomical observations. Two infraspecific taxa, L. okamurae f. okamurae and f. angulare, described from Japan, have been recorded in the temperate region of Japan. We assessed branched Lithophyllum samples morphologically referable to L. okamurae using morpho-anatomical data and DNA sequences (psbA, rbcL and partial LSU rDNA) obtained from herbarium specimens, including type material, as well as recently field-collected material in Japan. The molecular analyses showed that these ‘L. okamurae’ samples contained two species: L. okamurae and a cryptic new species which we describe as L. neo-okamurae sp. nov. Because the holotype of L. okamurae f. angulare was conspecific with original material cited in the protologue of L. okamurae, it is a heterotypic synonym of L. okamurae f. okamurae. Lithophyllum okamurae and L. neo-okamurae were morphologically similar in having warty, lumpy and fruticose thalli and in often forming rhodoliths. Lithophyllum okamurae can be morpho-anatomically distinguished from L. neo-okamurae by the thallus with tapering or plate-like protuberances (knobby protuberances in the latter) and by having smaller tetrasporangial conceptacle chambers (167–314 µm; 248–380 µm in L. neo-okamurae). Our LSU rDNA sequence data from L. okamurae f. angulare (=L. okamurae f. okamurae) was identical to that of the type of L. margaritae, which has nomenclatural priority over L. okamurae. However, considering that psbA and rbcL sequences of L. margaritae type material could not be generated in the present study, we refrain, for the moment, from proposing the taxonomic synonymy between these two taxa until the status of L. margaritae and its synonyms from the type locality (Gulf of California) are clarified.

The study of distributed interactive proofs was initiated by Kol, Oshman, and Saxena [PODC 2018] as a generalization of distributed decision mechanisms (proof-labeling schemes, etc.), and has received a lot of attention in recent years. In distributed interactive proofs, the nodes of an n-node network G can exchange short messages (called certificates) with a powerful prover. The goal is to decide if the input (including G itself) belongs to some language, with as few turns of interaction and as few bits exchanged between nodes and the prover as possible. There are several results showing that the size of certificates can be reduced drastically with a constant number of interactions compared to non-interactive distributed proofs. In this brief announcement, we introduce the quantum counterpart of distributed interactive proofs: certificates can now be quantum bits, and the nodes of the network can perform quantum computation. The main result of this paper shows that by using quantum distributed interactive proofs, the number of interactions can be significantly reduced. More precisely, our main result shows that for any constant k, the class of languages that can be decided by a k-turn classical (i.e., non-quantum) distributed interactive protocol with f(n)-bit certificate size is contained in the class of languages that can be decided by a 5-turn distributed quantum interactive protocol with O(f(n))-bit certificate size. We also show that if we allow to use shared randomness, the number of turns can be reduced to 3-turn. Since no similar turn-reduction classical technique is currently known, our result gives evidence of the power of quantum computation in the setting of distributed interactive proofs as well.

Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization

LIPIcs, Volume 232, TQC 2022, Complete Volume

The damages that the building sector does to the environment can no longer be ignored and need to be approached with a life cycle assessment (LCA). Advantages to build in wood and to build dense cities lead to a potential “two birds in one stone” effect regarding high-rise massive timber construction. The aim of this study is to apply a hands-on approach to assess the relevancy of high-rise massive timber construction. The assessment is based on data from an actual building project settling in a French context regarding the regulation on new constructions carbon and fire safety regulation (RE2020). The LCA is found on the following functional unit: “the structural support of a 100 m-high building, replying to fire-safety objectives”, and is assessed based on the RE2020 framework using a so-called “dynamic” LCA emissions accounting. For a good understanding of the impacts of this methodology and for a better and broader comparison of this study to other studies found in literature, the LCA result is reported based on a traditional ‘static’ emission accounting approach. The life cycle inventory (LCI) covers the structure and other techniques to protect the building from fire, and the global warming potential GWP data are gathered from FDES environmental product declaration (EPD) gathered from the INIES database. Results point unequivocally at a lower GWP of the timber structure under any circumstance: both when compared to Business-as-usual construction and to a concrete equivalent of this precise project and compared in static or so-called “dynamic” LCA. The timber structure is the only analysed solution that meets any (and even all) of the thresholds imposed in RE2020. The so-called “dynamic” LCA leads to a wider gap between timber and concrete structures. The timber building alternative results in lowest climate impact (GWP) related to both emissions of green house gases and biogenic carbon storage in the construction. Other environmental impact categories are not

Après un rappel des objectifs, du fonctionnement et de la méthode d’interprétation des résultats du réseau de surveillance microbiologique des zones de production conchylicoles (REMI) et du réseau d’observation de la contamination chimique (ROCCH), ce rapport inclut un bilan national et décrit le programme annuel du département des Côtes d’Armor (22). Il présente l’ensemble des résultats obtenus, en particulier l’estimation de la qualité microbiologique et chimique des zones de production de coquillages classées. Le bilan au 31 décembre 2022 est stable. Il ne présente aucune nouvelle évolution du classement sur la base des résultats plutôt favorables de 2022. C’est en partie dû à la faible pluviométrie (sécheresse estivale) et au faible nombre d’alertes associé (seulement deux alertes supérieures à 700 E. coli/100 g CLI). Le bilan présente cependant une évaluation de la qualité différente du classement administratif pour quatre zones : 22.01.20 groupe 2, 22.01.20 groupe 3, 22.03.23 groupe 2, 22.00.00 groupe 3 et 22.12.10 groupe 3 (ces deux zones sont basées sur le même point en 2023). Ils sont liés à des résultats de 2020 et 2021. Ils concernent la baie d’Arguenon, la baie d’Yffiniac et la baie de Lannion. Globalement, la qualité sanitaire reste en amélioration (statistiquement, 45% des points suivis montrent une tendance à l’amélioration – Annexe 4). Aucun point de surveillance ne présente de tendance à la dégradation.

The rapid advance of high-throughput sequencing has prompted a transition in wildlife and fisheries genetics from using microsatellites toward markers that are more amenable to genotyping by sequencing. Microhaplotypes are novel multi-allelic genetic markers that utilize a high-throughput genomic amplicon sequencing approach to genotype large numbers of individuals for parentage and kinship analysis and population genetic studies, including applications in monitoring and fisheries management. We describe the development of a panel of microhaplotypes for Oncorhynchus mykiss, a species of high cultural and economic importance both in its native range in the North American and the Kamchatka Peninsula of northeast Asia, and globally through introductions for aquaculture and due to its reputation as a prized sport fish among recreational fishers. The panel includes 124 loci presumed to be neutral, a marker for the sex determination locus (SdY), and 10 loci targeting previously identified adaptive genomic variants associated with important life-history traits in this species. We demonstrate that this panel provides high resolution for phylogeographic and other genetic analysis and provide an initial standardized reference population genetic baseline of California O. mykiss.

Après un rappel des objectifs, du fonctionnement et de la méthode d’interprétation des résultats du réseau de surveillance microbiologique des zones de production conchylicoles (REMI) et du réseau d’observation de la contamination chimique (ROCCH), ce rapport inclut un bilan national et décrit le programme annuel du département de l’Ille‐et‐Vilaine (35). Il présente l’ensemble des résultats obtenus, en particulier l’estimation de la qualité microbiologique et chimique des zones de production de coquillages classées. Le bilan global de la qualité sanitaire des zones conchylicoles dans le département d’Ille‐et‐Vilaine est assez stable depuis trois ans. Il est en concordance avec le classement administratif pour toutes les zones sauf les zones 35.08‐groupe 3, 35.06‐groupe 3 et 35.13‐groupe 3, qui présentent une dégradation (A vers B). Le bilan est donc plus partagé en baie du Mont‐Saint‐Michel. Mais l’ensemble des points continue de présenter un faible bruit de fond des contaminations, seuls huit résultats sont déclassants dans l’ensemble de la baie. En Rance et en baie de Saint‐Malo, l’état sanitaire s’était considérablement dégradé au début des années 2010. Mais depuis 2015, l’essentiel des zones suivies connaît un regain de qualité et permet un classement généralisé en qualité moyenne. Cette qualité sanitaire se maintient en 2022 et présente quelques améliorations : une diminution des épisodes d’alertes et une zone 3522.02 très proche de la bonne qualité sanitaire pour les deux groupes. Les tendances statistiques calculées sur dix ans montrent une amélioration sur sept points, soit le tiers des points permettant ce calcul (cf. Annexe 4). Aucun point de surveillance ne présente de tendance à la dégradation. Seules quatre alertes sanitaires sont comptées en 2022. Mais deux d’entre elles, faisant partie d’un même épisode pluvieux, sont à l’origine des deux nouveaux déclassements estimés en 2023.

The French National Committee for Scientific Diving (CNPS) takes on different tasks including acting as an observatory of occupational scientific diving practices and innovations (Thouzeau et al., 2019). Since 1991 in France, scientific diving has been recognized by law as an occupational sector and is therefore regulated with the aim to reduce the hyperbaric risk. Currently, French scientific diving encompasses many fields such as life sciences and ecology, geosciences, social & cultural sciences including archeology, health & food, engineering sciences, energy... Due to the existence of overseas territories - with France's maritime spaces representing the world's second largest exclusive economic zone - French territories display an extensive variety of submarine habitats. Furthermore, the historical richness of scientific diving in France has led the French scientific diving community to be involved in all oceans worldwide. All subaquatic ecosystems, from the polar regions to the tropical belt, from drowned karsts to freshwater and high altitude lakes, including mesocosms and artificial structures are studied by diving scientists. On top of the traditional diving methods (apnea, open circuit and hookah) scientific diving benefits in recent years from the use of closed-circuit rebreathers but also from combining CCR and saturation methods, which greatly enhanced the study of the mesophotic zones. In light of the diversity of environments, disciplines and scientific issues, scientific divers are continuously innovating to perform outstanding research. This presentation will outline the recent work of the last decade highlighting the importance of scientific diving in science (in France).

• Devant la multiplicité et la diversité des pesticides (PPP), des contextes agro-pédoclimatiques, des écosystèmes récepteurs et des espèces en présence, il est impossible de réaliser des expériences de laboratoire ou sur le terrain pour évaluer les impacts de toutes les substances dans tous les milieux, aux différentes échelles d’organisation biologique et sur l’ensemble de la biodiversité • La modélisation apparaît ainsi comme un outil fondamental pour évaluer les effets écotoxicologiques des PPP • La modélisation permet aussi d’aborder des questions complexes, comme les effets des mélanges de PPP • Enfin, elle est requise au niveau réglementaire dans le cadre de l’évaluation des risques liés aux PPP avant leur mise sur le marché L’objectif de ce travail a consisté à réaliser une revue bibliographique des approches de modélisation permettant d’évaluer les effets des PPP sur les organismes, populations et communautés des espèces non-cibles.

Detta arbete har handlat om att undersöka möjligheterna till att förena bretonsk folkmusik med genrerna indiepop, folk samt RnB i en förhoppning om att hitta ett eget unikt sound. Arbetet resulterade i fyra låtar som skrevs och producerades under fem veckors tid med en metod som bestod av att lyssna, analysera samt inspireras av musik i dessa olika genrer samt musik där man har laborerat med att beblanda olika genrer. I diskussionen tas det upp reflektioner över vad man kunnat göra annorlunda samt det som fungerade bra och vad jag kan dra för lärdom av detta arbete.

Measuring accurately the shape of the free surface in medium-scale hydrodynamic testing facilities is challenging with conventional wave gauges. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to go towards higher resolution measurement systems. For this purpose, we investigate the ability of stereo-video acquisition systems to reconstruct free surface waves in laboratory conditions. This technique has been proven to give satisfactory results in open sea conditions, although it is dependent on the environmental conditions (weather, solar incidence angle). At sea, the stereo-video reconstruction algorithm makes profit of the short waves generated by the wind in order to correlate the points from the left and right images. The main challenge of adapting this technique to laboratory conditions, i.e. in absence of sun and wind, is to overcome the absence of texture on the free surface. This paper presents recent work aiming at developing a stereo-vision measurement system for laboratory conditions. Our efforts have been devoted to finding an adapted lighting system and generating a texture suitable for the reconstruction algorithm. Different lighting configurations have been tested in order to understand its impact on the reconstructions. For the texture generation, we have investigated different means of generating short surface waves (water droplets, air blowing, circulation current, underwater acoustic emissions) in different experimental facilities. Our conclusions show that it is possible to reconstruct the shape of surface gravity waves in the presence of short surface waves and that the effects of lighting and texture on the quality of the reconstruction are strongly coupled.

This article presents an interdisciplinary study of two Late/Final Neolithic gallery graves (Kernic and Lerret) located on the orthwestern coast of Brittany (Western France). These monuments show striking similarities in terms of architectural style and geographical position. This paper aims to provide a better understanding of the construction strategy of these monuments by (i) determining the origin of the megalithic blocks using comparative petro-structural analyses of blocks and surrounding rocks, (ii) reconstructing the coastal environment from sediment core analyses and (iii) defining the significance of these monuments in the territories from an intervisibility analysis. The study reveals marked differences between the two monuments studied. The Lerret gallery grave was erected close to a unique source of stone material on the margins of a marshland zone. In contrast, the Kernic monument, erected on the edge of an estuary, seems to have been built using a deliberate diversification of stone extraction sites. An intervisibility analysis shows a dense network of visual interconnections between a number of megalithic tombs present in the study area, where the two monuments occupy very distinct sites. The social implications of stone selection and the geographical location of Late/Final Neolithic funerary monuments are also discussed in an enlarged regional context.

Poly(lactic acid) is finding increasing applications as it is a bio-sourced compostable thermoplastic. Its properties can be improved by adding flax fibres, which are also compostable. The possibility to recycle the composite after service is attractive because it reduces waste in landfills, is a cost-effective measure to reduce the need for raw materials and extends the life span of composites. However, few reports are available to verify how recycling affects properties of flax-PLA composites. In addition, if these recycled materials are to be used in marine applications, it is important to investigate whether they will be adversely affected by seawater compared to virgin materials, as well as to investigate the toxicity of these materials for marine organisms. The goal of this work was to address these three points, i.e., to assess whether recycling and posterior environmental weathering (seawater exposure) changes the flax-PLA composite properties, and to assess these materials’ toxicity for biota (a benthic copepod species, Nitokra spinipes). First, our results indicate that recycling up to four times hardly affects the composite properties. However, immersion in seawater at 40°C for up to nine months reduces tensile strength of both virgin and recycled composite by up to 60%. Finally, the ecotoxicity evaluation indicated that neither leachates from PLA nor from Flax-PLA induce immobilization of N. spinipes, nor were any immobilization effects induced by leachates resulting from materials aged for two months in seawater. These results will contribute to assessing the sustainability of future bio-based polymer applications.

Global marine conservation remains fractured by an imbalance in research efforts and policy actions, limiting progression towards sustainability. Rhodolith beds represent a prime example, as they have ecological importance on a global scale, provide a wealth of ecosystem functions and services, including biodiversity provision and potential climate change mitigation, but remain disproportionately understudied, compared to other coastal ecosystems (tropical coral reefs, kelp forests, mangroves, seagrasses). Although rhodolith beds have gained some recognition, as important and sensitive habitats at national/regional levels during the last decade, there is still a notable lack of information and, consequently, specific conservation efforts. We argue that the lack of information about these habitats, and the significant ecosystem services they provide, is hindering the development of effective conservation measures and limiting wider marine conservation success. This is becoming a pressing issue, considering the multiple severe pressures and threats these habitats are exposed to (e.g., pollution, fishing activities, climate change), which may lead to an erosion of their ecological function and ecosystem services. By synthesizing the current knowledge, we provide arguments to highlight the importance and urgency of levelling-up research efforts focused on rhodolith beds, combating rhodolith bed degradation and avoiding the loss of associated biodiversity, thus ensuring the sustainability of future conservation programs.

Entre 2021 et 2022, le groupe Enjeux transversaux biodiversité (GET biodiversité) de l'Alliance nationale de recherche pour l'Environnement (AllEnvi) a travaillé à une prospective pour la recherche française sur la biodiversité. Depuis les derniers travaux publiés par la FRB en 2012, le paysage de la recherche sur la biodiversité a fortement évolué et une actualisation des projections et perspectives s'avérait nécessaire. Dans ce cadre, la Fondation pour la recherche sur la biodiversité a animé les discussions et coordonné la rédaction d'un document rassemblant membres des Conseils scientifiques de la FRB entre 2021 et 2023, experts du GET d'AllEnvi et collaborateurs externes. Le présent document constitue un travail d'identification, d'analyse et de catégorisation des différents axes de recherche en biodiversité sans pour autant en former une liste exhaustive et impartiale. Fondation de coopération scientifique, la Fondation pour la recherche sur la biodiversité a pour mission de favoriser les activités de recherche sur la biodiversité en lien avec les acteurs de la société. Susciter l'innovation, développer et soutenir des projets, diffuser les connaissances et mobiliser l'expertise sont au coeur de ses actions.

The warming and acidification of surface waters as predicted by the IPCC leads aquatic species to face major multifaceted changes in their environment. Although teleosts have efficient regulatory systems to cope with these changes, such changes clearly have the potential to impact their physiological functions. Hence, it is crucial to estimate the ability of teleost fishes to cope with multi-stresses to predict how they will deal with future environments. In this context, we investigated the joint effect of warming and acidification on three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from the juvenile stage to adulthood, focusing on parameters linked to growth, sexual maturation, and reproduction. Juvenile sticklebacks were split in 2 climate scenarios: a “Current” scenario corresponding to the current seasonal physico-chemical parameters of the water of the “Rade de Brest” in France, and a “RCP8.5” scenario with a warming of 3 °C and an acidification of 0.4 pH units. After 7 months, fish in the RCP8.5 scenario reached the same size and mass as those in the Current scenario, but they needed greater amounts of food to reach satiety. Furthermore, the mortality rate over the experiment was higher in the RCP8.5 scenario. Muscle lipid content, an indicator of energy reserves, was lower in females in the RCP8.5 scenario, suggesting an increased need for energy to maintain homeostasis and other physiological functions or a divergence in energy allocation strategy. Moreover, females exhibited lower sexual maturation and egg quality under the RCP8.5 scenario, which could have contributed to the lower fertilisation rate observed. Males were more resilient to the RCP8.5 scenario, exhibiting only a trend for lower kidney somatic index scores. Altogether, these results suggest a delay and/or an inhibition of gametogenesis and maturation in fish in warmed and acidified waters. The analysis of blood sex steroid concentrations, brain gene expression profiles, and physiological ind

The continuous evolution of photon sources and their instrumentation enables more and new scientific endeavors at ever increasing pace. This technological evolution is accompanied by an exponential growth of data volumes of increasing complexity, which must be addressed by maximizing efficiency of scientific experiments and automation of workflows covering the entire data lifecycle, aiming to reduce data volumes while producing FAIR and open data of highest reliability. This papers briefly outlines the strategy of the league of European accelerator-based photon sources user facilities to achieve these goals collaboratively in an efficient and sustainable way which will ultimately lead to an increase in the number of publications.

L’Ifremer coordonne, sur l’ensemble du littoral métropolitain, la mise en oeuvre des réseaux d’observation et de surveillance de la mer côtière. Ce bulletin contient une synthèse et une analyse des données collectées par l’ensemble des réseaux pour les départements d’Ille‐et‐Vilaine et des Côtes d’Armor. Des représentations graphiques homogènes, assorties de commentaires, donnent des indications sur les niveaux et les tendances des paramètres mesurés.

The long-term evolution of coastal sand-dune systems is known to be controlled by variations in sediment supply, relative sea level (RSL), wind energy, vegetation cover and anthropogenic forcing. The link between episodic sand invasion and changes in climate conditions (enhanced storminess) has been previously evidenced along the Atlantic coasts of Europe from stratigraphical, geomorphological and chronological investigations of recent aeolian sand-dune deposits. While well-constrained timing templates of dune accretion during Holocene were reconstructed in Portugal, Spain and Ireland, available data about the French Atlantic coast are limited to the Aquitaine dune complex (SW France). This lack of data is mainly due to the absence of well-developed palaeosoils interbedded within the aeolian sand deposits, especially in Brittany where only thin humic layers are preserved within the coastal dune sediment sequences. An alternative approach is here applied to the coastal dunes of Brittany by also integrating available and partly revised archaeological dataset, excavated from the end of the 19th century, and used as chrono-stratigraphical markers to reconstruct at a regional scale the periods of coastal dunes mobility during the last ca. 6000 years. This analysis was further combined with historical data (historical syntheses, archives, old maps, historical photos) about the last few centuries. 221 sites distributed along the western coasts of France have been selected to provide accurate information in terms of dune stratigraphy and chronology. A conceptual tool routinely used in archaeology, the Harris matrix, was employed to synthesise these chrono-stratigraphic data about 78 coastal sand-dune systems. Four main episodes of aeolian activity identified during the mid- to late-Holocene period are dated at 4250–4100 cal BP (phase 1), 3250–2400 cal BP (phase 2), 1050–700 cal BP (phase 3), and 350–110 cal BP (phase 4). Despite some methodological limitations, archaeologic

Effective monitoring of non-indigenous seaweeds and combatting their effects relies on a solid confirmation of the non-indigenous status of the respective species. We critically analysed the status of presumed non-indigenous seaweed species reported from the Mediterranean Sea, the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Macaronesia, resulting in a list of 140 species whose non-indigenous nature is undisputed. For an additional 87 species it is unclear if they are native or non-indigenous (cryptogenic species) or their identity requires confirmation (data deficient species). We discuss the factors underlying both taxonomic and biogeographic uncertainties and outline recommendations to reduce uncertainty about the non-indigenous status of seaweeds. Our dataset consisted of over 19,000 distribution records, half of which can be attributed to only five species (Sargassum muticum, Bonnemaisonia hamifera, Asparagopsis armata, Caulerpa cylindracea and Colpomenia peregrina), while 56 species (40%) are recorded no more than once or twice. In addition, our analyses revealed considerable variation in the diversity of non-indigenous species between the geographic regions. The Eastern Mediterranean Sea is home to the largest fraction of non-indigenous seaweed species, the majority of which have a Red Sea or Indo-Pacific origin and have entered the Mediterranean Sea mostly via the Suez Canal. Non-indigenous seaweeds with native ranges situated in the Northwest Pacific make up a large fraction of the total in the Western Mediterranean Sea, Lusitania and Northern Europe, followed by non-indigenous species with a presumed Australasian origin. Uncertainty remains, however, regarding the native range of a substantial fraction of non-indigenous seaweeds in the study area. In so far as analyses of first detections can serve as a proxy for the introduction rate of non-indigenous seaweeds, these do not reveal a decrease in the introduction rate, indicating that the current measures and policies are

We have maped Oligocene to Quaternary volcanic sequences, emplaced across the Afar magmatic province (AMP: Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Yemen), by using 50 cm resolution Pleiades satellite images. Systematic and precise measurements of flow sequences between Djibouti and SW Yemen focus on variations in lava dips and dip directions. From these results, we are able to infer the volcano-tectonic architecture of the upper crust across the southern part of the Afar magmatic province and the evolution of crustal deformation over time. Our results provide evidence that post-trap volcanism within the Afar area was emplaced during the stretching of continental crust, mostly as seaward dipping reflector (SDR) -type volcanic wedges, commonly observed along volcanic passive margins. Compilation of our results with published ages and structures of volcanic sequences in western Afar and Djibouti allows us to map these SDR wedges along a 700 km-long crustal cross-section between the Ethiopia and SW Yemen escarpments. During the Late Oligocene to Lower Miocene, Inner SDR-type wedges developed during the formation of two crustal necking zones on either sides of an uplifted and weakly deformed crustal Danakil C-Block. Following this early extensional event, the C-Block was further stretched and thinned during the development of two transient continental rift axes, the Bab al Mandab to the East and the Afar axis to the West, thought to have been concomitantly active until ∼5 Ma. From Pliocene onwards, rifting focalized W of the Danakil Block. NE-ward diverging wedges of Inner SDRs developed during the Stratoïd volcanic event throughout the whole Afar Depression, along with an onset of continental extension at the tip of a westward propagating Aden rift. A late radical change in tectonics occurred when the Aden Rift propagated into the Afar, immediately before the onset of a slow-spreading oceanic system.

The authors regret that they located a calculation error, leading to slight changes in some absolute values of the ingredients' composition. The authors would like to state that it does not change the essence of the article's content nor the scientific conclusions and interpretations presented in this paper. “Values of 72 g/100 g (d.m.), 39 g/100 g (d.m.) and 3.4–10.3 g/100 g (d.m.)” should be replaced by “79 g/100 g (d.m), 48 g/100 g (d.m.) and 3.8–11.7 g/100 g (d.m.)”, respectively. “Protein isolates displayed between 66 and 72 g/100 g (d.m.) of proteins, against 39 g/100 g (d.m.) for the protein concentrates” should be replaced by “Protein isolates displayed between 75 and 80 g/100 g (d.m.) of proteins, against 48 g/100 g (d.m.) for the protein concentrates. “ “Substantial proportions were found in the different samples, ranging from 3.4 to 10.3 g/100 g (d.m.) powder. Regarding pea protein ingredients, the amount of lipids is twice higher when wet fractionated (10.3 ± 0.4 g/100 g (d.m.)) compared to dry fractionated (4.9 ± 0.3 g/100 g (d.m.)).” should be replaced by “Substantial proportions were found in the different samples, ranging from 3.8 to 11.7 g/100 g (d.m.) powder. Regarding pea protein ingredients, the amount of lipids is twice higher when wet fractionated (11.7 ± 0.4 g/100 g (d.m.)) compared to dry fractionated (6.0 ± 0.3 g/100 g (d.m.))”. And “Still, a measurable amount of remaining lipids was found in this sample (3.4 ± 0.3 g/100 g (d.m.))” should be replaced by “Still, a measurable amount of remaining lipids was found in this sample (3.8 ± 0.3 g/100 g (d.m.))”. [Table presented] [Formula presented][Formula presented][Formula presented] The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.

Palmaria palmata, commonly referred to as dulse, is a well-known and highly valued red macroalga distributed along the North Atlantic shores within a latitude range of approximately 40 to 80 °N. It is a species of commercial importance with historical records of use as food dating back several centuries to the current harvesting of dulse by hand-picking on the foreshore in Western Europe as well as Canada (New Brunswick and Nova Scotia) and USA (Maine). Because the demand for P. palmata increases and future sustainable commercial developments cannot rely solely on wild-harvested biomass, significant efforts have been made by research and industrial actors to cultivate the species. The low rates of spore release and germination, high mortality and epibiont contaminations remain major bottlenecks and point towards the need for optimized hatchery methods to enable upscaling the biomass production. The present review summarizes the available knowledge related to the biology, including the unique life history of the species among the Rhodophyta, the ecology as well as the nutrient composition and quality of P. palmata as food. Recent advances in taxonomy and cultivation techniques are reported along with a status of regulations for the commercial harvest of wild populations. An outlook on future industrial perspectives using biomass of P. palmata is also given.

This report presents the tasks of my internship as well as the various implementations carried out in the research team at the Catalan university, the UPC. First of all, the overall project is to be able to create a flight plan over a chosen surface using a web interface, which does not therefore require downloading, and to take photos at suitable points to enable the images to be stitched together and generate a map of the surface. For this project, we were working as two international students, a Chinese student and myself, and a teacher supervisor. We divided up the work for this project. I worked on creating the web application using the Vue.js framework combining HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. I was in charge of creating the application server and its applications, in particular using the vertices of the surface to be scanned and the distances between the photos, and generating a flight plan as well as the points at which we were supposed to take a photo. To connect these two implementations, the web application, and the application server, I had to set up a communication system. We chose to use an MQTT broker with the MQTT and WebSocket protocols. I also used this communication to connect the autopilot and the drone's camera to my web application. In this report, I also present some elements of image stitching, even though this is not my area of work in this project. I present what I have learnt, how image stitching works, some of the problems we have encountered and the various solutions we have found to overcome them. You'll also get an overview of the various tests carried out, both in simulation and in flight in an outdoor aviary at the university., Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::8 - Treball Decent i Creixement Econòmic, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura

Estimating the ground state energy of a local Hamiltonian is a central problem in quantum chemistry. In order to further investigate its complexity and the potential of quantum algorithms for quantum chemistry, Gharibian and Le Gall (STOC 2022) recently introduced the guided local Hamiltonian problem (GLH), which is a variant of the local Hamiltonian problem where an approximation of a ground state (which is called a guiding state) is given as an additional input. Gharibian and Le Gall showed quantum advantage (more precisely, BQP-completeness) for GLH with 6-local Hamiltonians when the guiding state has fidelity (inverse-polynomially) close to 1/2 with a ground state. In this paper, we optimally improve both the locality and the fidelity parameter: we show that the BQP-completeness persists even with 2-local Hamiltonians, and even when the guiding state has fidelity (inverse-polynomially) close to 1 with a ground state. Moreover, we show that the BQP-completeness also holds for 2-local physically motivated Hamiltonians on a 2D square lattice or a 2D triangular lattice. Beyond the hardness of estimating the ground state energy, we also show BQP-hardness persists when considering estimating energies of excited states of these Hamiltonians instead. Those make further steps towards establishing practical quantum advantage in quantum chemistry.

Les objectifs de réduction des produits phytopharmaceutiques portés par le plan Ecophyto Il+ apportent de nouveaux défis à I' Agriculture. L'enjeu de l'Axe 2 Recherche & Innovation est de mobiliser l'ensemble du système de recherche-innovation afin d'apporter les connaissances nécessaires pour les relever et d'appuyer les politiques publiques dans la transition vers un modèle agroécologique des cultures. Cet axe est piloté et orienté par un Comité Scientifique d'Orientation {CSO R&I). Le document " Héritage CSO R&I " dresse un bilan et une analyse synthétiques des actions conduites par les membres du CSO R&I lors du mandat 2019-2022. Il met en perspective les réflexions scientifiques stratégiques, leurs concrétisations en actions (appels à projets, animation scientifique, valorisation ... ), les freins rencontrés et les perspectives pour le prochain mandat 2023-2026.

Few existing datasets on parties and interest groups include data from both sides and a wide variety of interest groups and parties. We contribute to filling this gap by making several interconnected new datasets publicly available. The Party-Interest Group Relationships in Contemporary Democracies (PAIRDEM) datasets include cross-national data from three different surveys of (1) central party organizations, (2) legislative party groups, and (3) interest groups. A fourth dataset based on coding of party statutes and party finance data was established together with the Political Party Database. The datasets contain novel indicators on party-group relationships in up to 21 mature democracies. In this research note, we first present the main content of the datasets and the research design. Second, we present descriptive statistics documenting the extent of organizational ties between parties and groups in contemporary democracies. Third, we illustrate more advanced usage through a simple application.

The analysis of biological and ecological traits has a long history in evolutionary and ecological research. However, trait data are often scattered and standardised terminology that transcends taxonomic and biogeographical context are generally missing. As part of the development of a global trait database of marine species, we collated trait information for European seaweeds and structured the data within the standardised framework of the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). We collected 45175 trait records for 21 biologically and ecologically relevant traits of seaweeds. This resulted in a trait database for 1745 European seaweed species of which more than half (56%) of the records were documented at the species level, while the remaining 44% were documented at a higher taxonomic level and subsequently inherited at lower levels. The trait database for European seaweeds will serve as a foundation for future research on diversity and evolution of seaweeds and their responses to global changes. The data will contribute to developing detailed trait-based ecosystem models and will be an important tool to inform marine conservation policies. The data are publicly accessible through the AlgaeTraits portal, 10.14284/574 (AlgaeTraits, 2022).

Effective monitoring of non-indigenous seaweeds and combatting their effects relies on a solid confirmation of the non-indigenous status of the respective species. We critically analysed the status of presumed non-indigenous seaweed species reported from the Mediterranean Sea, the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Macaronesia, resulting in a list of 140 species whose non-indigenous nature is undisputed. For an additional 87 species it is unclear if they are native or non-indigenous (cryptogenic species) or their identity requires confirmation (data deficient species). We discuss the factors underlying both taxonomic and biogeographic uncertainties and outline recommendations to reduce uncertainty about the non-indigenous status of seaweeds. Our dataset consisted of over 19,000 distribution records, half of which can be attributed to only five species (Sargassum muticum, Bonnemaisonia hamifera, Asparagopsis armata, Caulerpa cylindracea and Colpomenia peregrina), while 56 species (40%) are recorded no more than once or twice. In addition, our analyses revealed considerable variation in the diversity of non-indigenous species between the geographic regions. The Eastern Mediterranean Sea is home to the largest fraction of non-indigenous seaweed species, the majority of which have a Red Sea or Indo-Pacific origin and have entered the Mediterranean Sea mostly via the Suez Canal. Non-indigenous seaweeds with native ranges situated in the Northwest Pacific make up a large fraction of the total in the Western Mediterranean Sea, Lusitania and Northern Europe, followed by non-indigenous species with a presumed Australasian origin. Uncertainty remains, however, regarding the native range of a substantial fraction of non-indigenous seaweeds in the study area. In so far as analyses of first detections can serve as a proxy for the introduction rate of non-indigenous seaweeds, these do not reveal a decrease in the introduction rate, indicating that the current measures and policies are

Lignocellulosic powders have a chemical composition that makes them explosive under certain conditions. In the form of ultrafine particles, they can be directly used as fuel in combustion devices to generate heat and mechanical power without the need to convert them into a liquid form. However, the production of such powder encounters two main challenges that affect engine efficiency: high energy consumption during grinding and poor flowability of the resulting powder. To tackle these challenges, one option is to modify the chemical and physical characteristics of the biomass before grinding. This can be effectively achieved through thermal pretreatment methods such as torrefaction, which alter the chemical structure of lignocellulosic biomass, making it more brittle, modifying its surface properties, and thereby improving its flowability. In this study, we investigated the impact of two torrefaction temperatures (220 °C and 280 °C) on the chemical and physical properties of wheat straw prior to fine milling. Our results indicate that the physical and chemical properties of the wheat straw were not significantly affected at 220 °C, whereas a significant change was observed at 280 °C. In particular, extensive chemical analysis and atomic force measurements show that the modifications of the properties are related to heat-induced degradation of cell wall polymers and an increase in cellulose crystallinity. For the wheat straw torrefied at 280 °C, both the grindability and flowability of the ground powder improved significantly. Meanwhile, the total energy consumption for the transformation remained constant, making the torrefaction process interesting for designing combustible powders.