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Vigilante groups’ contributions to crime control are invaluable. However, the activities of vigilante groups have faced operational and institutional challenges. These challenges have negatively affected the operations of vigilante groups in crime control in Benue State. The study investigated the challenges of vigilante groups in crime control in Benue State with a view to suggesting ways of curbing those challenges for enhanced effectiveness of vigilante groups in Benue State. Three Local Government Areas – Katsina-Ala, Makurdi, and Oturkpo, were selected across the three Senatorial districts in Benue State for the study. The population of the study comprised vigilante operatives, religious leaders, traditional rulers and members of the public. The study adopted a survey design. Questionnaire and in-depth interview (IDI) were used to generate data from 367 respondents using the Taro Yamane sample size determination formula. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling were deployed for the selection of respondents and interviewees. Twelve interview sessions were conducted across the sampled Local Government Areas. The quantitative data were presented in frequency and percentages while qualitative data were presented in narrative form. The study identified lack of logistics, shortage of crime fighting equipment, absence of enabling legal instrument for the operation of vigilante groups, human rights violation, corruption, insufficient training among vigilantes and vested interests, as the challenges of vigilante group in the study area. The study recommends the enactment of laws recognizing vigilante groups;  provision of needed crime fighting equipment by stakeholders; adequate funding,  provision of logistic support as well as proper training and reorientation of vigilante operatives to respect the fundamental human rights of suspects.&nbsp

Vigilante groups’ contributions to crime control are invaluable. However, the activities of vigilante groups have faced operational and institutional challenges. These challenges have negatively affected the operations of vigilante groups in crime control in Benue State. The study investigated the challenges of vigilante groups in crime control in Benue State with a view to suggesting ways of curbing those challenges for enhanced effectiveness of vigilante groups in Benue State. Three Local Government Areas – Katsina-Ala, Makurdi, and Oturkpo, were selected across the three Senatorial districts in Benue State for the study. The population of the study comprised vigilante operatives, religious leaders, traditional rulers and members of the public. The study adopted a survey design. Questionnaire and in-depth interview (IDI) were used to generate data from 367 respondents using the Taro Yamane sample size determination formula. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling were deployed for the selection of respondents and interviewees. Twelve interview sessions were conducted across the sampled Local Government Areas. The quantitative data were presented in frequency and percentages while qualitative data were presented in narrative form. The study identified lack of logistics, shortage of crime fighting equipment, absence of enabling legal instrument for the operation of vigilante groups, human rights violation, corruption, insufficient training among vigilantes and vested interests, as the challenges of vigilante group in the study area. The study recommends the enactment of laws recognizing vigilante groups;  provision of needed crime fighting equipment by stakeholders; adequate funding,  provision of logistic support as well as proper training and reorientation of vigilante operatives to respect the fundamental human rights of suspects.&nbsp

The Spanish law, within the framework of European Community Law, has established legal instruments in order to facilitate the restructuring of debtors at an early stage and, consequently, avoid insolvency and job losses, preserve technical knowledge and capabilities and maximize total value for creditors and owners, but also for the economy as a whole. The circumstance that the restructuring is carried out without the need to open bankruptcy proceedings and, more precisely, in order to avoid its opening, explains why we are talking about pre-bankruptcy law and pre-bankruptcy instruments or institutes. In the present work the one related to the communication of the opening of negotiations with the creditors is exposed, whose ultimate meaning is that the debtor can enjoy a stoppage or temporary suspension of the singular, judicial or extrajudicial executions, on the assets necessary to continue with its business activity, in order to facilitate the negotiations of that restructuring plan. This continuity makes it possibleto preserve the value of the company and, therefore, if the negotiations end satisfactorily, to maximize the excess value associated with a pre-bankruptcy restructuring., El legislador español, en el marco del derecho comunitario europeo, ha establecido instrumentos jurídicos al objeto de facilitar la reestructuración de los deudores en un momento temprano y, en consecuencia, evitar la insolvencia y la pérdida de puestos de trabajo, preservar los conocimientos técnicos y las capacidades y maximizar el valor total para acreedores y propietarios, pero también la economía en su conjunto. La circunstancia de que la reestructuración se realice sin necesidad de abrir un procedimiento concursal y, es más, precisamente, con el fin de evitar su apertura, explica que hablemos de derecho preconcursal y de instrumentos o institutos preconcursales. En el presente trabajo se expone el relativo a la comunicación de la apertura de negociaciones con los acreedores, cuyo sentido último es que el deudor pueda disfrutar de una paralización o suspensión temporal de las ejecuciones singulares, judiciales o extrajudiciales, sobre los bienes necesarios para continuar con su actividad empresarial, con el fin de facilitar las negociaciones de ese plan de reestructuración. Esta continuidad permite preservar el valor de la empresa y, por consiguiente, si las negociaciones culminan satisfactoriamente, maximizar el excedente de valor asociado a una reestructuración preconcursal.

This article examines a series of resources for drafting in the EU and aim s to describe how the existing drafting standards for the different versions of legislative instruments and documentation are articulated in three of the official languages of the EU institutions: English, French and Spanish. To this end, a multilingual corpus of prescriptive texts in Spanish, English and French has been compiled, with a view to drafting both any type of document, on the one hand, and legislative instruments, on the other. Notable among the results is that most of these guidelines, which are non-binding except in the case of the Interinstitutional style guide, are general, not entirely exhaustive, and, for the most part, more oriented towards standardising form than content. This results in modifications to the expression of the official languages in which these instruments are drafted, in terms of both their structure and of the use of fixed expressions. At the same time, intentional ambiguity, used to avoid differences in interpretations depending on the language version, can be identified., El presente artículo analiza una serie de recursos para la redacción en la UE con el objetivo de describir cómo se articulan las normas de redacción existentes para las diferentes versiones de los instrumentos legislativos y de la documentación en tres de las lenguas oficiales de las instituciones de la Unión: el inglés, el francés y el castellano. Para ello, se ha constituido un corpus multilingüe en castellano, inglés y francés de textos prescriptivos tanto para la redacción de cualquier tipo de documento como para la redacción de instrumentos legislativos. Entre los resultados observados destaca el hecho de que la mayoría de estas directrices, de carácter no vinculante excepto en el caso del Libro de estilo interinstitucional, son generales y poco exhaustivas y, en su mayoría, están más orientadas a normalizar la f orma que adoptan los actos legislativos que su contenido. Esto tiene como resultado una modificación de la expresión de las lenguas oficiales en las que se redactan estos instrumentos, que se materializa tanto en lo que respecta a su estructura como en el uso de expresiones fijas que hay que emplear. Asimismo, se observa que existe una ambigüedad intencionada, empleada para evitar que se produzcan interpretaciones diferentes según la versión lingüística.

Environmental degradation in the world in general, and in Africa in particular, is occurring on a scale of increasing concern. The challenge for public policy is to change the relationship between people and their environment in order to reverse this trend. To this end, in an internal and an international context characterized by, on the one hand, the establishment of democracy and the rule of law and, on the other, by the globalization of environmental law following the Rio Conference (1992) in particular, the rule of law has naturally emerged as the key tool for these transformations. The aim of this article is to identify and analyze the African legal instruments and the actions of transformation in the relationship between the regional legal framework and international environment law, with the goal of the sustainability of natural resources and sustainable living environment as the key environmental issues in a fragile region. Africa is in the processes of decision making and adopting environmental protection methods as it embarks on a normative production process, with the aim of producing a law combining international standards and local norms and practices. The contemporary issues of environmental protection in Africa are analyzed in an interdisciplinary approach.

Procedural human rights are individual rights guaranteed by national and international legal documents adopted with the purpose of protection and implementation of the substantive rights and freedoms. For a state to be not only organised by law but also ruled by law, it is necessary to guarantee rights and freedoms in line with historically attained civilised values as well as to enable for their implementation which presupposes that the effective mechanisms of their protection are put at place. Therefore, the old Roman dictum ibi remedium, ubi ius is revived and the Nineteen Century codifiers’ belief in ibi ius, ubi remedium falls into obsolescence. In contemporary democratic societies the principle of equality is considered to be a fundamental moral value and the principle postulate of a legal order, while the right to gender equality and non-discrimination is elevated to the position of a fundamental human right. At the international level, both universal and regional, a number of multilateral human rights conventions have been concluded which stipulate the prohibition of discrimination, while some of them are expressly dedicated to the elimination of certain types of discrimination and establishment of substantive equality of individuals who are in a less favourable position with regards to the rest of the society due to their ascriptive qualities. At the national level, the protection against gender based discrimination is achieved through the Невена Петрушић, Танасије Маринковић103 implementation of the civil law, criminal law, misdemeanour law and constitutional law legal instruments and a right to gender non-discrimination is protected also by the Commissioner for the Protection of Equality, a national public law institution vested with powers to eliminate the discrimination and promote equality. For an effective protection against gender discrimination, the role of universal and regional treaty bodies established by the international human rights instrument, Процесна људска права су индивидуална права која се јемче домаћим и међународним изворима у циљу заштите и остваривања материјалних права и слобода. Да би држава, као правна организација, била правна држава, потребно је не само да се јемче права и слободе на историјски постигнутом цивилизацијском нивоу, већ да се заиста остварују, што подразумева постојање делотворних механизама за њихову заштиту. Зато се стара римска максима ibi remedium, ubi ius оживљава, а деветнаестовековна кодификаторска вера у ibi ius, ubi remedium пада у заборав. У савременим демократским друштвима принцип једнакости представља кључну моралну вредност и основни постулат правног поретка, а право на родну равноправност и недискриминацију уздигнуто је на ниво основног људског права. На међународном нивоу, универзалном и регионалном, закључено је више мултилатералних уговора из области људских права који садрже одредбу о забрани дискриминације, а неки од њих су посвећени управо укидању одређених облика дискриминације и успостављању суштинске једнакости особа које су због својих личних својстава у неповољнијем положају у односу на остатак друштва. На националном нивоу заштита од родне дискриминације остварује се применом инструмената грађанскоправне, кривичноправне, прекршајноправне и уставноправне заштите, а право на родну недискриминацију штити и Повереник за заштиту равноправности, национално тело специјализовано за сузбијање дискриминације и промоцију равноправности. За делотворну заштиту од родне дискриминације значајна је улога универзалних и регионалних уговорних тела установљених међународним уговорима, који испитују да ли држава уговорница поштује одредбе међународног документа који је потврдила, а који забрањује родну дискриминацију. У овом раду истражујемо да ли правна средства намењена заштити од родне дискриминације, која прописује домаће и међународно право, обезбеђују пружање стварне и ефективне правне заштите. Аналитички оквир чине стандарди које санкције у случајевима родне дискри

The Decreto Ley 4170 de 2011 (Law-Decree 4170 of 2011) established, among other functions of the Agencia Nacional de Contratación Pública - Colombia Compra Eficiente, the mandate to build tools aimed at the organization and coordination of the participants of purchase procedures and public procurement, with the aim of achieving higher efficiency, transparency, and optimization of State resources.While carrying out its functions, the agency has developed legal instruments which elucidate specific and transversal regulatory matters within public procurement; nevertheless, these lack the natural powers of common law rules, which is why this paper analyses the impact of those instruments during public procurement procedures., El Decreto Ley 4170 de 2011 (Decreto Ley 4170, 2011) estableció, entre otras funciones de la Agencia Nacional de Contratación Pública - Colombia Compra Eficiente, la de construir herramientas orientadas a la organización y articulación de los partícipes en los procesos de compras y contratación pública, con el fin de lograr una mayor eficiencia, transparencia y optimización de los recursos del Estado.En el desarrollo de sus funciones, la agencia ha desarrollado instrumentos jurídicos que dilucidan temas especí­ficos y transversales de regulación dentro de la Contratación Pública; sin embargo, estos carecen de las facultades propias y naturales de las normas de derecho común, es por ello que en el presente artículo se analiza el impacto de esos instrumentos en los procesos de contratación pública.

This study examines which kinds of social benefits derived from forests are emphasised by Swedish stakeholders and what governance modes and management tools they accept. Our study shows that there exists a great variety among stakeholders’ perceptions of forests’ social values, where tourism and recreation is the most common reference. There are also differences in preferred governance modes and management where biomass and bioenergy sectors advocate business as usual (i.e. framework regulations and voluntarism) and other stakeholders demand rigid tools (i.e. coercion and targeting) and improved landscape planning. This divide will have implications for future policy orientations and require deliberative policy processes and improved dialogue among stakeholders and authorities. We suggest that there is a potential for these improvements, since actors from almost all stakeholder groups support local influence on governance and management, acknowledged and maintained either by the authorities, i.e. targeting, or by the stakeholders themselves, i.e. voluntarism., Future Forests

This study examines which kinds of social benefits derived from forests are emphasised by Swedish stakeholders and what governance modes and management tools they accept. Our study shows that there exists a great variety among stakeholders’ perceptions of forests’ social values, where tourism and recreation is the most common reference. There are also differences in preferred governance modes and management where biomass and bioenergy sectors advocate business as usual (i.e. framework regulations and voluntarism) and other stakeholders demand rigid tools (i.e. coercion and targeting) and improved landscape planning. This divide will have implications for future policy orientations and require deliberative policy processes and improved dialogue among stakeholders and authorities. We suggest that there is a potential for these improvements, since actors from almost all stakeholder groups support local influence on governance and management, acknowledged and maintained either by the authorities, i.e. targeting, or by the stakeholders themselves, i.e. voluntarism., Future Forests

This study examines which kinds of social benefits derived from forests are emphasised by Swedish stakeholders and what governance modes and management tools they accept. Our study shows that there exists a great variety among stakeholders’ perceptions of forests’ social values, where tourism and recreation is the most common reference. There are also differences in preferred governance modes and management where biomass and bioenergy sectors advocate business as usual (i.e. framework regulations and voluntarism) and other stakeholders demand rigid tools (i.e. coercion and targeting) and improved landscape planning. This divide will have implications for future policy orientations and require deliberative policy processes and improved dialogue among stakeholders and authorities. We suggest that there is a potential for these improvements, since actors from almost all stakeholder groups support local influence on governance and management, acknowledged and maintained either by the authorities, i.e. targeting, or by the stakeholders themselves, i.e. voluntarism., Future Forests

This study examines which kinds of social benefits derived from forests are emphasised by Swedish stakeholders and what governance modes and management tools they accept. Our study shows that there exists a great variety among stakeholders’ perceptions of forests’ social values, where tourism and recreation is the most common reference. There are also differences in preferred governance modes and management where biomass and bioenergy sectors advocate business as usual (i.e. framework regulations and voluntarism) and other stakeholders demand rigid tools (i.e. coercion and targeting) and improved landscape planning. This divide will have implications for future policy orientations and require deliberative policy processes and improved dialogue among stakeholders and authorities. We suggest that there is a potential for these improvements, since actors from almost all stakeholder groups support local influence on governance and management, acknowledged and maintained either by the authorities, i.e. targeting, or by the stakeholders themselves, i.e. voluntarism., Future Forests

This study examines which kinds of social benefits derived from forests are emphasised by Swedish stakeholders and what governance modes and management tools they accept. Our study shows that there exists a great variety among stakeholders’ perceptions of forests’ social values, where tourism and recreation is the most common reference. There are also differences in preferred governance modes and management where biomass and bioenergy sectors advocate business as usual (i.e. framework regulations and voluntarism) and other stakeholders demand rigid tools (i.e. coercion and targeting) and improved landscape planning. This divide will have implications for future policy orientations and require deliberative policy processes and improved dialogue among stakeholders and authorities. We suggest that there is a potential for these improvements, since actors from almost all stakeholder groups support local influence on governance and management, acknowledged and maintained either by the authorities, i.e. targeting, or by the stakeholders themselves, i.e. voluntarism., Future Forests

This study examines which kinds of social benefits derived from forests are emphasised by Swedish stakeholders and what governance modes and management tools they accept. Our study shows that there exists a great variety among stakeholders’ perceptions of forests’ social values, where tourism and recreation is the most common reference. There are also differences in preferred governance modes and management where biomass and bioenergy sectors advocate business as usual (i.e. framework regulations and voluntarism) and other stakeholders demand rigid tools (i.e. coercion and targeting) and improved landscape planning. This divide will have implications for future policy orientations and require deliberative policy processes and improved dialogue among stakeholders and authorities. We suggest that there is a potential for these improvements, since actors from almost all stakeholder groups support local influence on governance and management, acknowledged and maintained either by the authorities, i.e. targeting, or by the stakeholders themselves, i.e. voluntarism., Future Forests

Organ trafficking is perhaps the most obscure form of human trafficking. It is an international problem with transnational dimensions and involves the intersection between the world of organized crime, impoverished organ donors, sick recipients and unscrupulous medical staff. This article starts out by exploring the global patterns of organ trafficking, highlighting the physical and psychological harm caused to victims. The statistics on organ transplants and patterns of organ trafficking as well as the social, economic and legal dimensions of this type of crime are examined. The article subsequently continues with a discussion of the domestic, regional and international legal and semi-legal instruments established to battle organ trafficking and reflects upon whether or not these instruments are effective in curtailing this growing problem. The article ends with a discussion of alternative approaches to deal with the problem of organ trafficking and makes a case for more problem-driven solutions, such as increased extra-legal measures, international cooperation and a focus upon the causes and victims of organ trafficking rather than focusing upon criminal law alone.

Organ trafficking is perhaps the most obscure form of human trafficking. It is an international problem with transnational dimensions and involves the intersection between the world of organized crime, impoverished organ donors, sick recipients and unscrupulous medical staff. This article starts out by exploring the global patterns of organ trafficking, highlighting the physical and psychological harm caused to victims. The statistics on organ transplants and patterns of organ trafficking as well as the social, economic and legal dimensions of this type of crime are examined. The article subsequently continues with a discussion of the domestic, regional and international legal and semi-legal instruments established to battle organ trafficking and reflects upon whether or not these instruments are effective in curtailing this growing problem. The article ends with a discussion of alternative approaches to deal with the problem of organ trafficking and makes a case for more problem-driven solutions, such as increased extra-legal measures, international cooperation and a focus upon the causes and victims of organ trafficking rather than focusing upon criminal law alone.

Governments would be fairly powerless to implement their urban development plans and regulations if they were solely dependant on the voluntary compliance of citizens and companies. Public interest, which after all constitutes the foundation of regulation, would be poorly served as a consequence. Governments must be able to require compliance from citizens and companies. However, landowners and initiators of building plans cannot be forced to comply with governmental plans and building regulations just like that. This is interrelated with the operation of a crucial cornerstone within a constitutional state: the principle of legality. Following the principle of legality, many powers have been given to governments. Powers in the field of urban development, which are attributed to the government by law, fall into two categories: reactive powers and proactive powers. The Netherlands allows governmental bodies to use a broad range of reactive and proactive powers. It is very interesting to note that in the Netherlands these powers are not restricted to public law. Unlike most Anglo-Saxon countries, Dutch governments are allowed to engage in public private partnerships on a risk-taking basis. This is brought about through contracts between the public and private sectors and through the establishment of PPP joint venture companies.This paper elaborates on the mix of public and private law instruments that underlie reactive and proactive governmental powers. These powers indeed are vital for government driven urban development, as opposed against market driven urban development., Real Estate and Housing, Architecture

Governments would be fairly powerless to implement their urban development plans and regulations if they were solely dependant on the voluntary compliance of citizens and companies. Public interest, which after all constitutes the foundation of regulation, would be poorly served as a consequence. Governments must be able to require compliance from citizens and companies. However, landowners and initiators of building plans cannot be forced to comply with governmental plans and building regulations just like that. This is interrelated with the operation of a crucial cornerstone within a constitutional state: the principle of legality. Following the principle of legality, many powers have been given to governments. Powers in the field of urban development, which are attributed to the government by law, fall into two categories: reactive powers and proactive powers. The Netherlands allows governmental bodies to use a broad range of reactive and proactive powers. It is very interesting to note that in the Netherlands these powers are not restricted to public law. Unlike most Anglo-Saxon countries, Dutch governments are allowed to engage in public private partnerships on a risk-taking basis. This is brought about through contracts between the public and private sectors and through the establishment of PPP joint venture companies.This paper elaborates on the mix of public and private law instruments that underlie reactive and proactive governmental powers. These powers indeed are vital for government driven urban development, as opposed against market driven urban development., Real Estate and Housing, Architecture

Compiler: Jeremy P. Schmidt; Markup editor: Peter J. MacDonald, Date compiled: 2001. Date EAD encoded: 2002., Contains personal correspondences and a will of Henry D. Brownell; Minor C. Keith's business correspondences with A.E. Brownell; Minor C. Keith's business correspondences with John J. Brownell regarding railroad and fruit businesses in Costa Rica; a small number of photographs and postcards.

Newspaper clipping of an article titled "How the Hopkins and Peabody Got Together" written by Richard W. Case, an attorney on the boards of Hopkins University and Peabody Institute, for The Sun for January 3, 1977 concerning how these institutions became affiliated.

This "Map of the Taggarts Paper Co Land on Township 2 Brown's Tract Herkimer County N.Y." was used as an exhibit in the Court of Claims case, the Taggarts Paper Company Claim No. 10335. The map is an annotated copy of a topographic map and shows natural features of land and water, as well as trails, roads, lumber camps, and lot and range numbers. The meaning of the annotations or the significance of the sequestered land blocks depicted is unknown.

3 photographs of last will and testament, Southern California, 1927. "Client: Mr. J.D. Carey, PO Box 265 Hollywood, mail to 420 So[uth] San Pedro, c/o Barrnett M[an]uf[acturin]g Co.; Year: 1927; Job: 3-30-109" -- on envelope.

This "Map of the Taggarts Paper Co Land on Township 2 Brown's Tract Herkimer County N.Y." was used as an exhibit in the Court of Claims case, the Taggarts Paper Company Claim No. 10335. The map is an annotated copy of a topographic map and shows natural features of land and water, as well as trails, roads, lumber camps, and lot and range numbers. The meaning of the annotations or the significance of the sequestered land blocks depicted is unknown.

The Temporary State Commission of Investigation is authorized to conduct investigations in connection with the execution and enforcement of state laws affecting organized crime and racketeering; the conduct of state and local public officers and employees; and any matter concerning the public peace, public safety, and public justice. This series contain case files of investigations, and includes the commission's investigation of the "Apalachin Organized Crime Meeting".

This series contains affidavits, orders, briefs, search warrants, notes of trials, correspondence, and other records produced or collected by the Joint Legislative Committee to Investigate Seditious Activities, known as the "Lusk Committee," for its chairman Clayton R. Lusk. The records pertain to charges brought against the many individuals and organizations by the Committee. The majority relate to the Rand School, the Communist Party of America, and the Russian Soviet Bureau.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.

The series consists of a group of unrelated court records which were apparently gathered to exemplify types of legal instruments filed with various courts as standard judicial practice during the nineteenth century. Some appear to be exhibits or other attachments to various court cases. Many of the documents originated in the Supreme Court or the Court of Chancery. Two documents specifically refer to famous attorney Aaron Burr.

Date created: March 14, 1806, Bessey leases one acre of land and the boarding house for $140.

Date created: January 5, 1805, Norton agrees to pay the trustees 400 dollars.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.

The Robert Jemison, Jr. Papers span the period from 1797 to 1960 and include both the personal and business papers of Robert Jemison, Jr., along with papers of Robert Jemison (grandfather), William Jemison (father), Priscilla Jemison (wife), Cherokee Jemison Hargrove (daughter), and Andrew Coleman Hargrove (son-in-law), and Robert Jemison, Jr. (IV) of Birmingham (1878-1973). Included are the records of his grist and lumber mills, plantations, stage line, the Tuskaloosa Plank Road, toll bridges, ferries, postal contracts, and the North East and South West Railroad.