Search

Männlich und weiblich sozialisierte Personen erleben und nutzen verschränkte Online-Offline-Alltagsräume durch die gesellschaftliche Normierung und Idealisierung ihrer Körper, Sexualität und Identität geschlechtsspezifisch. Die vorliegende Masterarbeit setzt sich mit der in hegemonialen Diskursen verankerten Ko-Konstitution von Raum, Geschlecht und Gewalt auseinander, indem sie sich der Aufarbeitung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Machteffekten der Geschlechterdifferenz und (räumlichen) Alltagspraktiken von FLINTA* widmet. Sie lässt sich thematisch an der Schnittstelle zwischen Feministischen und Digitalen Geographien verorten und befasst sich durch eine poststrukturalistische und praktikenorientierte Perspektive mit der performativen Konstitution von Identität und Sexualität, hegemonialen Machtverhältnissen, ihren gesellschaftlichen Hintergründen sowie ihrer räumlichen Ausprägungen. Vor dem Hintergrund der Dekonstruktion gesellschaftlicher Wissens- und Wahrheitskonstruktionen fordert sie eine Transformation hin zu einer Gesellschaft der Vielfalt, die Differenzen anerkennt, neue Handlungsspielräume eröffnet, Macht neu verteilt und Raum für alle schafft. Sie wurde im Rahmen des beYOND-Forschungsprojektes verfasst, welches über einen Multi-Methoden-Ansatz Jugendliche bei der Aushandlung vielfältiger sexueller und geschlechtlicher Identitäten in verschränkten Online-Offline-Alltagswelten vor dem Hintergrund sozialer Exklusions- und Inklusionsprozesse im digitalen Zeitalter begleitet. In Form einer qualitativ strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse von 98 schriftlichen Erzählungen, die von jugendlichen FLINTA* aus Tirol (Österreich) und Kiel (Deutschland) verfasst wurden, untersucht sie erstens mit welchen Machteffekten geschlechterdifferenzierender Diskurse FLINTA* in ihren verschränkten Online-Offline-Räumen konfrontiert sind und zweitens wie FLINTA* durch alltägliche Praktiken der Raumnutzung und -aneignung Normen und Ideale der Zweigeschlechtlichkeit, Heterosexualität und hegemo, Male and female socialized persons experience, and use entangled online-offline everyday spaces in a gender-specific way due to the social standardization and idealization of their bodies, sexuality, and identity. This master's thesis deals with the co-constitution of space, gender and violence embedded in hegemonic discourses by examining the connection between power effects of gender difference and (spatial) everyday practices of FLINTA* (female, lesbian, intersex, non-binary, transgender, asexual). Thematically, it can be located at the interface between feminist and digital geographies and deals with the performative constitution of identity and sexuality, hegemonic power relations, their social backgrounds and their spatial manifestations from a post-structuralist and practice-oriented perspective. Against the background of the deconstruction of societal constructions of knowledge and truth, it calls for a transformation towards a society of diversity that recognizes differences, opens up new scope for action, redistributes power and creates space for everyone. It was written as part of the beYOND research project, which uses a multi-method approach to accompany young people in the action of diverse sexual and gender identities in entangled online-offline day-to-day worlds against the background of social exclusion and inclusion processes in the digital age. It uses the form of a qualitative structural content analysis of 98 written narratives written by adolescent FLINTA* from Tyrol (Austria) and Kiel (Germany). Firstly, it examines which power effects of gender-differentiating discourses FLINTA* are confronted with in their entangled online-offline spaces. Secondly, it explores how FLINTA* (re-)produce or question and deconstruct norms and ideals of binary gender, heterosexuality, and hegemonic masculinity through everyday practices of space utilization and appropriation. Based on the experience reports, gender-differentiating power effects – in particular fo, eingereicht von: Lea Katharina Lübbert, in englischer Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2024

Contains fulltext : 304916.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access), We report here the long-term follow-up of the only prospective randomized trial of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) with peripheral blood stem cells (APBSCT) versus auto-HSCT with bone marrow (ABMT) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients in first remission (CR). We observed that among patients alive and still in CR 5 years after planned auto-HSCT, approximately 10% of the patients died in the following 10 years. This stresses the need for long-term close surveillance of AML patients after auto-HSCT. Further, long-term follow-up of the trial confirms that APBSCT was comparable to ABMT in term of disease-free-survival and overall survival.

Introduction: To ensure the fastest and earliest possible treatment, the German Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) initiated central procurement and nationwide distribution of new drugs against COVID-19. A single centre was used for a retrospective temporal analysis of this procedure.Methods: A descriptive analysis of hospitalization and treatment of COVID-19 patients with drugs centrally procured by the BMG at St. Georg Hospital, Leipzig, Germany, for the period from 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2023 was employed considering the approval status, evolving guidelines and recommendations of medical societies.Results: In total, 3,412 patients >=18 years (54.9% men) with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were admitted. The mean age was 64 years during the reporting period and 66.1/70.6 years during the first and second COVID-19 waves, respectively. 964 patients (28.2%) received COVID-19 therapy with drugs procured centrally by the BMG. Remdesivir was the most commonly used (63%). SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies represented 23% of the therapies. Peroral antivirals (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir) were used in 14% of COVID-19 patients, with molnupiravir being insignificant (five prescriptions).Conclusions: Specific therapeutic approaches were mainly based on antiviral therapy in the early phase of COVID-19 to prevent severe disease progression in vulnerable patient groups. Most drugs had not been approved at the time of central procurement; therefore, prescriptions were given on a case-by-case basis after careful risk-benefit assessments. All available neutralizing monoclonal SARS-CoV-2 antibodies lost efficacy during the pandemic due to different circulating immune escape variants. Remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir remained effective therapies in the early phase of COVID-19.

Hersteller mobiler Arbeitsmaschinen sind im Zuge des angestrebten CO2-Ausstiegs zunehmendem Druck ausgesetzt, die Energieeffizienz ihrer Maschinen zu verbessern. Insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der Elektrifizierung der Antriebssysteme als Alternative zu konventionellen fossil betriebenen Verbrennungsmotoren gewinnt die Energieeffizienz wesentlich an Bedeutung. Wurden Ventilsysteme mit getrennten Steuerkanten (gSk) aufgrund der tendenziell höheren Kosten bisher oft verworfen, so lohnt sich ihr Einsatz in Zeiten teurer Energie und hoher Preise für elektrische Akkukapazität jetzt zunehmend. In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten wurde bereits sehr viel Forschungsarbeit auf dem Gebiet der gSk geleistet. Viele publizierte Ansätze zur Bewegungssteuerung, also der Steuerung von Druck und Volumenstrom, in diesen Mehrgrößensystemen zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Komplexität der Algorithmen und/oder die Notwendigkeit hoch leistungsfähiger Ventiltechnik aus. Aus der Nutzung regenerativer Betriebsmodi zur Energieeinsparung resultiert in vielen Fällen die Notwendigkeit einer Umschaltung zwischen den Modi in der laufenden Bewegung. Vergleiche der jeweils vorgeschlagenen Lösungen erfolgen meistens nur mit einer konventionellen Referenz, nicht aber untereinander, sodass dem Entwickler verborgen bleibt, welcher Lösungsansatz für die Probleme Bewegungssteuerung und Modusumschaltung in der betrachteten Anwendung am besten geeignet ist. Zudem wird bei der Entwicklung energiesparender Betriebsstrategien, also der situationsabhängigen Wahl von Solldrücken und Betriebsmodi, in der vorliegenden Literatur kaum auf die Auswirkungen der vorgeschlagenen Lösungen auf das Bedienverhalten der Maschine eingegangen. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll diese Lücken schließen. Es werden verschiedene Steuerungs- und Regelungsansätze für Druck und Volumenstrom eines gSk-Systems vorgestellt, die sich durch einfache Gleichungen und eine Parametrierung nahezu ausschließlich mit leicht verfügbaren Konstruktionsdaten, sowi

Contains fulltext : 299611.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access), BACKGROUND: Many older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia die or cannot undergo allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) due to toxicity caused by intensive chemotherapy. We hypothesised that replacing intensive chemotherapy with decitabine monotherapy could improve outcomes. METHODS: This open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial was conducted at 54 hospitals in nine European countries. Patients aged 60 years and older who were newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia and had not yet been treated were enrolled if they had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or less and were eligible for intensive chemotherapy. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive decitabine or standard chemotherapy (known as 3 + 7). For the decitabine group, decitabine (20 mg/m(2)) was administered for the first 10 days in the first 28-day cycle, followed by 28-day cycles consisting of 5 days or 10 days of decitabine. For the 3 + 7 group, daunorubicin (60 mg/m(2)) was administered over the first 3 days and cytarabine (200 mg/m(2)) over the first 7 days, followed by 1-3 additional chemotherapy cycles. Allogeneic HSCT was strongly encouraged. Overall survival in the intention-to-treat population was the primary endpoint. Safety was assessed in all patients who received the allocated treatment. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02172872, and is closed to new participants. FINDINGS: Between Dec 1, 2014, and Aug 20, 2019, 606 patients were randomly assigned to the decitabine (n=303) or 3 + 7 (n=303) group. Following an interim analysis which showed futility, the IDMC recommended on May 22, 2019, that the study continued as planned considering the risks and benefits for the patients participating in the study. The cutoff date for the final analysis presented here was June 30, 2021. At a median follow-up of 4·0 years (IQR 2·9-4·8), 4-year overall survival was 26% (95% CI 21-32) in the decitabine group versus 30% (24-35, 01 november 2023

We argue that many of the crises currently afflicting science can be associated with a present failure of science to sufficiently embody its own values. Here, we propose a response beyond mere crisis resolution based on the observation that an ethical framework of flourishing derived from the Buddhist tradition aligns surprisingly well with the values of science itself. This alignment, we argue, suggests a recasting of science from a competitively managed activity of knowledge production to a collaboratively organized moral practice that puts kindness and sharing at its core. We end by examining how Flourishing Science could be embodied in academic practice, from individual to organizational levels, and how that could help to arrive at a flourishing of scientists and science alike.

In dieser Masterarbeit wird das Verh‰ltnis zwischen freiwilligen und pflichtigen Aufga- ben auf kommunaler Ebene behandelt. Als Untersuchungsgegenstand dienen der Landkreis Ludwigslust-Parchim sowie die ƒmter Stralendorf und Goldberg-Mildenitz. Im Dezember 2022 kippte das Oberverwaltungsgericht des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt zwei von drei Haushaltssatzungen, weil die jeweiligen Landkreise ohne R¸cksicht auf die finanzielle Situation der Kommunen die Kreisumlage festgesetzt hatten. Die finan- ziellen Auswirkungen der kreisangehˆrigen Gemeinden waren so gravierend, dass es ihnen nur mˆglich gewesen w‰re, pflichtige Aufgaben zu erf¸llen. In Mecklenburg-Vor- pommern befindet sich seit dem Jahr 2012 eine Gemeinde im Rechtsstreitverfahren mit ihrem Landkreis in einem ‰hnlichen Fall. In dieser Masterarbeit wird die folgende Forschungsfrage untersucht: Wie entwickelt sich die Finanzkraft amtsangehˆriger Gemeinden im Kontext pflichtiger und freiwilliger Aufgaben sowie der Amts- und Kreisumlage anhand ausgew‰hlter Beispiele aus Mecklenburg-Vorpommern? Hierf¸r werden folgende Unterfragen gestellt: • Was ist die Kreis- und Amtsumlage? Welche Funktionen erf¸llt sie? • Was sind pflichtige und freiwillige Aufgaben amtsangehˆriger Gemeinden? • Welche Folgen hat das Urteil des Bundes- und Oberverwaltungsgerichts des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt in Bezug auf die kommunale Selbstverwaltung in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern? Diese Fragen werden mithilfe der quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse von Philipp Mayring aus dem Jahr 1995 und der aktualisierten Ausgabe aus dem Jahr 2010 sowie einer quali- tativen Dokumentenanalyse beantwortet. Als Datengrundlage dienen die Jahresab- schl¸sse, die Haushaltspl‰ne und Haushaltssatzungen sowie Protokolle aus den kom- munalen Gremien im Untersuchungseitraum 2019 bis 2021. Im Ergebnis kann festgestellt werden, dass sich Aufwendungen f¸r freiwillige Aufgaben konstant entwickelt, Aufwendungen f¸r pflichtige Aufgaben sich hingegen teilweise stark erhˆht haben. Die Grundlagen f¸r

Hersteller mobiler Arbeitsmaschinen sind im Zuge des angestrebten CO2-Ausstiegs zunehmendem Druck ausgesetzt, die Energieeffizienz ihrer Maschinen zu verbessern. Insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der Elektrifizierung der Antriebssysteme als Alternative zu konventionellen fossil betriebenen Verbrennungsmotoren gewinnt die Energieeffizienz wesentlich an Bedeutung. Wurden Ventilsysteme mit getrennten Steuerkanten (gSk) aufgrund der tendenziell höheren Kosten bisher oft verworfen, so lohnt sich ihr Einsatz in Zeiten teurer Energie und hoher Preise für elektrische Akkukapazität jetzt zunehmend. In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten wurde bereits sehr viel Forschungsarbeit auf dem Gebiet der gSk geleistet. Viele publizierte Ansätze zur Bewegungssteuerung, also der Steuerung von Druck und Volumenstrom, in diesen Mehrgrößensystemen zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Komplexität der Algorithmen und/oder die Notwendigkeit hoch leistungsfähiger Ventiltechnik aus. Aus der Nutzung regenerativer Betriebsmodi zur Energieeinsparung resultiert in vielen Fällen die Notwendigkeit einer Umschaltung zwischen den Modi in der laufenden Bewegung. Vergleiche der jeweils vorgeschlagenen Lösungen erfolgen meistens nur mit einer konventionellen Referenz, nicht aber untereinander, sodass dem Entwickler verborgen bleibt, welcher Lösungsansatz für die Probleme Bewegungssteuerung und Modusumschaltung in der betrachteten Anwendung am besten geeignet ist. Zudem wird bei der Entwicklung energiesparender Betriebsstrategien, also der situationsabhängigen Wahl von Solldrücken und Betriebsmodi, in der vorliegenden Literatur kaum auf die Auswirkungen der vorgeschlagenen Lösungen auf das Bedienverhalten der Maschine eingegangen. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll diese Lücken schließen. Es werden verschiedene Steuerungs- und Regelungsansätze für Druck und Volumenstrom eines gSk-Systems vorgestellt, die sich durch einfache Gleichungen und eine Parametrierung nahezu ausschließlich mit leicht verfügbaren Konstruktionsdaten, sowi

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a worldwide challenge. The CRIT-CoV-U pilot study generated a urinary proteomic biomarker consisting of 50 peptides (COV50), which predicted death and disease progression from SARS-CoV-2. After the interim analysis presented for the German Government, here, we aimed to analyse the full dataset to consolidate the findings and propose potential clinical applications of this biomarker. Methods: CRIT-CoV-U was a prospective multicentre cohort study. In eight European countries (Austria, France, Germany, Greece, North Macedonia, Poland, Spain, and Sweden), 1012 adults with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were followed up for death and progression along the 8-point WHO scale. Capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was used for urinary proteomic profiling. Statistical methods included logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with a comparison of the area under curve (AUC) between nested models. Hospitalisation costs were derived from the care facility corresponding with the Markov chain probability of reaching WHO scores ranging from 3 to 8 and flat-rate hospitalisation costs adjusted for the gross per capita domestic product of each country. Findings: From June 30 to Nov 19, 2020, 228 participants were recruited, and from April 30, 2020, to April 14, 2021, 784 participants were recruited, resulting in a total of 1012 participants. The entry WHO scores were 1–3 in 445 (44%) participants, 4–5 in 529 (52%) participants, and 6 in 38 (4%) participants; and of all participants, 119 died and 271 had disease progression. The odds ratio (OR) associated with COV50 in all 1012 participants for death was 2·44 (95% CI 2·05–2·92) unadjusted and 1·67 (1·34–2·07) when adjusted for sex, age, BMI, comorbidities, and baseline WHO score; and for disease progression, the OR was 1·79 (1·60–2·01) when unadjusted and 1·63 (1·41–1·91) when adjusted (p<0·0001 for all). The predictive accuracy of the optimised COV50

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a worldwide challenge. The CRIT-CoV-U pilot study generated a urinary proteomic biomarker consisting of 50 peptides (COV50), which predicted death and disease progression from SARS-CoV-2. After the interim analysis presented for the German Government, here, we aimed to analyse the full dataset to consolidate the findings and propose potential clinical applications of this biomarker. Methods: CRIT-CoV-U was a prospective multicentre cohort study. In eight European countries (Austria, France, Germany, Greece, North Macedonia, Poland, Spain, and Sweden), 1012 adults with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were followed up for death and progression along the 8-point WHO scale. Capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was used for urinary proteomic profiling. Statistical methods included logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with a comparison of the area under curve (AUC) between nested models. Hospitalisation costs were derived from the care facility corresponding with the Markov chain probability of reaching WHO scores ranging from 3 to 8 and flat-rate hospitalisation costs adjusted for the gross per capita domestic product of each country. Findings: From June 30 to Nov 19, 2020, 228 participants were recruited, and from April 30, 2020, to April 14, 2021, 784 participants were recruited, resulting in a total of 1012 participants. The entry WHO scores were 1–3 in 445 (44%) participants, 4–5 in 529 (52%) participants, and 6 in 38 (4%) participants; and of all participants, 119 died and 271 had disease progression. The odds ratio (OR) associated with COV50 in all 1012 participants for death was 2·44 (95% CI 2·05–2·92) unadjusted and 1·67 (1·34–2·07) when adjusted for sex, age, BMI, comorbidities, and baseline WHO score; and for disease progression, the OR was 1·79 (1·60–2·01) when unadjusted and 1·63 (1·41–1·91) when adjusted (p<0·0001 for all). The predictive accuracy of the optimised COV50

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a worldwide challenge. The CRIT-CoV-U pilot study generated a urinary proteomic biomarker consisting of 50 peptides (COV50), which predicted death and disease progression from SARS-CoV-2. After the interim analysis presented for the German Government, here, we aimed to analyse the full dataset to consolidate the findings and propose potential clinical applications of this biomarker. Methods: CRIT-CoV-U was a prospective multicentre cohort study. In eight European countries (Austria, France, Germany, Greece, North Macedonia, Poland, Spain, and Sweden), 1012 adults with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were followed up for death and progression along the 8-point WHO scale. Capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was used for urinary proteomic profiling. Statistical methods included logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with a comparison of the area under curve (AUC) between nested models. Hospitalisation costs were derived from the care facility corresponding with the Markov chain probability of reaching WHO scores ranging from 3 to 8 and flat-rate hospitalisation costs adjusted for the gross per capita domestic product of each country. Findings: From June 30 to Nov 19, 2020, 228 participants were recruited, and from April 30, 2020, to April 14, 2021, 784 participants were recruited, resulting in a total of 1012 participants. The entry WHO scores were 1–3 in 445 (44%) participants, 4–5 in 529 (52%) participants, and 6 in 38 (4%) participants; and of all participants, 119 died and 271 had disease progression. The odds ratio (OR) associated with COV50 in all 1012 participants for death was 2·44 (95% CI 2·05–2·92) unadjusted and 1·67 (1·34–2·07) when adjusted for sex, age, BMI, comorbidities, and baseline WHO score; and for disease progression, the OR was 1·79 (1·60–2·01) when unadjusted and 1·63 (1·41–1·91) when adjusted (p<0·0001 for all). The predictive accuracy of the optimised COV50

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a worldwide challenge. The CRIT-CoV-U pilot study generated a urinary proteomic biomarker consisting of 50 peptides (COV50), which predicted death and disease progression from SARS-CoV-2. After the interim analysis presented for the German Government, here, we aimed to analyse the full dataset to consolidate the findings and propose potential clinical applications of this biomarker. Methods: CRIT-CoV-U was a prospective multicentre cohort study. In eight European countries (Austria, France, Germany, Greece, North Macedonia, Poland, Spain, and Sweden), 1012 adults with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were followed up for death and progression along the 8-point WHO scale. Capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was used for urinary proteomic profiling. Statistical methods included logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with a comparison of the area under curve (AUC) between nested models. Hospitalisation costs were derived from the care facility corresponding with the Markov chain probability of reaching WHO scores ranging from 3 to 8 and flat-rate hospitalisation costs adjusted for the gross per capita domestic product of each country. Findings: From June 30 to Nov 19, 2020, 228 participants were recruited, and from April 30, 2020, to April 14, 2021, 784 participants were recruited, resulting in a total of 1012 participants. The entry WHO scores were 1–3 in 445 (44%) participants, 4–5 in 529 (52%) participants, and 6 in 38 (4%) participants; and of all participants, 119 died and 271 had disease progression. The odds ratio (OR) associated with COV50 in all 1012 participants for death was 2·44 (95% CI 2·05–2·92) unadjusted and 1·67 (1·34–2·07) when adjusted for sex, age, BMI, comorbidities, and baseline WHO score; and for disease progression, the OR was 1·79 (1·60–2·01) when unadjusted and 1·63 (1·41–1·91) when adjusted (p<0·0001 for all). The predictive accuracy of the optimised COV50

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a worldwide challenge. The CRIT-CoV-U pilot study generated a urinary proteomic biomarker consisting of 50 peptides (COV50), which predicted death and disease progression from SARS-CoV-2. After the interim analysis presented for the German Government, here, we aimed to analyse the full dataset to consolidate the findings and propose potential clinical applications of this biomarker. Methods: CRIT-CoV-U was a prospective multicentre cohort study. In eight European countries (Austria, France, Germany, Greece, North Macedonia, Poland, Spain, and Sweden), 1012 adults with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were followed up for death and progression along the 8-point WHO scale. Capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry was used for urinary proteomic profiling. Statistical methods included logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with a comparison of the area under curve (AUC) between nested models. Hospitalisation costs were derived from the care facility corresponding with the Markov chain probability of reaching WHO scores ranging from 3 to 8 and flat-rate hospitalisation costs adjusted for the gross per capita domestic product of each country. Findings: From June 30 to Nov 19, 2020, 228 participants were recruited, and from April 30, 2020, to April 14, 2021, 784 participants were recruited, resulting in a total of 1012 participants. The entry WHO scores were 1–3 in 445 (44%) participants, 4–5 in 529 (52%) participants, and 6 in 38 (4%) participants; and of all participants, 119 died and 271 had disease progression. The odds ratio (OR) associated with COV50 in all 1012 participants for death was 2·44 (95% CI 2·05–2·92) unadjusted and 1·67 (1·34–2·07) when adjusted for sex, age, BMI, comorbidities, and baseline WHO score; and for disease progression, the OR was 1·79 (1·60–2·01) when unadjusted and 1·63 (1·41–1·91) when adjusted (p<0·0001 for all). The predictive accuracy of the optimised COV50

In dieser Masterarbeit wird das Verhältnis zwischen politischer Kommunikation und der Umsetzung der Datenschutzgrundverordnung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland behandelt. Dabei wird folgende Fragestellung beantwortet: ‚Welche Potenziale und Herausforderungen hat die Datenschutzgrundverordnung für die crossmediale Marketingkommunikation politischer Parteien?‘ Diese Forschungsfrage wird mithilfe der quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse von Philipp Mayring beantwortet, die eine Mischmethode zwischen qualitativen und quantitativen Analyseverfahren darstellt. Im Ergebnis dieser Arbeit kann festgestellt werden, dass die untersuchten Parteien im Wesentlichen die Datenschutzgrundverordnung in ihrer Kommunikation umgesetzt haben. Das fördert das Vertrauen und die Transparenz gegenüber der Wählerschaft, weil Parteien die gesetzlichen Normen umsetzen und Betroffene sich darüber informieren können, zu welchem Zweck ihre Daten verarbeitet werden.

Analytical centrifugation is a versatile technique for the quantitative characterization of colloidal systems including colloidal stability. The recent developments in data acquisition and evaluation allow the accurate determination of particle size, shape anisotropy and particle density. High precision analytical centrifugation is in particular suited for the study of particle interactions and concentration-dependent sedimentation coefficients. We present a holistic approach for the quantitative determination of sedimentation non-idealityviaanalytical centrifugation for polydisperse, plain and amino-functionalized silica particles spanning over one order of magnitude in particle size between 100 nm and 1200 nm. These systems typically behave as neutral hard spheres as predicted by auxiliary lattice Boltzmann simulations. The extent of electrostatic interactions and their impact on sedimentation non-ideality can be quantified by the repulsion range, which is the ratio of the Debye length and the average interparticle distance. Experimental access to the repulsion range is provided through conductivity measurements. With the experimental repulsion range at hand, we estimate the effect of polydispersity on concentration-dependent sedimentation properties through a combination of lattice Boltzmann and Brownian dynamics simulations. Finally, we determine the concentration-dependent sedimentation properties of charge-stabilized, fluorescently-labeled silica particles with a nominal particle size of 30 nm and reduced interparticle distance, hence an elevated repulsion range. Overall, our results demonstrate how the influence of hard-sphere type and electrostatic interactions can be quantified when probing sedimentation non-ideality of particulate systems using analytical centrifugation even for systems exhibiting moderate sample heterogeneity and complex interactions.

Genomic surveillance can inform effective public health responses to pathogen outbreaks. However, integration of non-local data is rarely done. We investigate two large hospital outbreaks of a carbapenemase-carrying Klebsiella pneumoniae strain in Germany and show the value of contextual data. By screening about 10 000 genomes, over 400 000 metagenomes and two culture collections using in silico and in vitro methods, we identify a total of 415 closely related genomes reported in 28 studies. We identify the relationship between the two outbreaks through time-dated phylogeny, including their respective origin. One of the outbreaks presents extensive hidden transmission, with descendant isolates only identified in other studies. We then leverage the genome collection from this meta-analysis to identify genes under positive selection. We thereby identify an inner membrane transporter (ynjC) with a putative role in colistin resistance. Contextual data from other sources can thus enhance local genomic surveillance at multiple levels and should be integrated by default when available.

Identification of significant changes in urinary peptides may enable improved understanding of molecular disease mechanisms. We aimed towards identifying urinary peptides associated with critical course of COVID-19 to yield hypotheses on molecular pathophysiological mechanisms in disease development. In this multicentre prospective study urine samples of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were collected in different centres across Europe. The urinary peptidome of 53 patients at WHO stages 6–8 and 66 at WHO stages 1–3 COVID-19 disease was analysed using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. 593 peptides were identified significantly affected by disease severity. These peptides were compared with changes associated with kidney disease or heart failure. Similarities with kidney disease were observed, indicating comparable molecular mechanisms. In contrast, convincing similarity to heart failure could not be detected. The data for the first time showed deregulation of CD99 and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor peptides and of known peptides associated with kidney disease, including collagen and alpha-1-antitrypsin. Peptidomic findings were in line with the pathophysiology of COVID-19. The clinical corollary is that COVID-19 induces specific inflammation of numerous tissues including endothelial lining. Restoring these changes, especially in CD99, PIGR and alpha-1-antitripsin, may represent a valid and effective therapeutic approach in COVID-19, targeting improvement of endothelial integrity.

Identification of significant changes in urinary peptides may enable improved understanding of molecular disease mechanisms. We aimed towards identifying urinary peptides associated with critical course of COVID-19 to yield hypotheses on molecular pathophysiological mechanisms in disease development. In this multicentre prospective study urine samples of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were collected in different centres across Europe. The urinary peptidome of 53 patients at WHO stages 6–8 and 66 at WHO stages 1–3 COVID-19 disease was analysed using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. 593 peptides were identified significantly affected by disease severity. These peptides were compared with changes associated with kidney disease or heart failure. Similarities with kidney disease were observed, indicating comparable molecular mechanisms. In contrast, convincing similarity to heart failure could not be detected. The data for the first time showed deregulation of CD99 and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor peptides and of known peptides associated with kidney disease, including collagen and alpha-1-antitrypsin. Peptidomic findings were in line with the pathophysiology of COVID-19. The clinical corollary is that COVID-19 induces specific inflammation of numerous tissues including endothelial lining. Restoring these changes, especially in CD99, PIGR and alpha-1-antitripsin, may represent a valid and effective therapeutic approach in COVID-19, targeting improvement of endothelial integrity.

Analytical centrifugation is a versatile technique for the quantitative characterization of colloidal systems including colloidal stability. The recent developments in data acquisition and evaluation allow the accurate determination of particle size, shape anisotropy and particle density. High precision analytical centrifugation is in particular suited for the study of particle interactions and concentration-dependent sedimentation coefficients. We present a holistic approach for the quantitative determination of sedimentation non-idealityviaanalytical centrifugation for polydisperse, plain and amino-functionalized silica particles spanning over one order of magnitude in particle size between 100 nm and 1200 nm. These systems typically behave as neutral hard spheres as predicted by auxiliary lattice Boltzmann simulations. The extent of electrostatic interactions and their impact on sedimentation non-ideality can be quantified by the repulsion range, which is the ratio of the Debye length and the average interparticle distance. Experimental access to the repulsion range is provided through conductivity measurements. With the experimental repulsion range at hand, we estimate the effect of polydispersity on concentration-dependent sedimentation properties through a combination of lattice Boltzmann and Brownian dynamics simulations. Finally, we determine the concentration-dependent sedimentation properties of charge-stabilized, fluorescently-labeled silica particles with a nominal particle size of 30 nm and reduced interparticle distance, hence an elevated repulsion range. Overall, our results demonstrate how the influence of hard-sphere type and electrostatic interactions can be quantified when probing sedimentation non-ideality of particulate systems using analytical centrifugation even for systems exhibiting moderate sample heterogeneity and complex interactions.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare disease with an incidence of 0.7/100,000 inhabitants per year. Septic PVT (pylephlebitis) usually occurs secondary to infection in the anatomic region drained by the portal venous system. We report on a 76-year-old German male who was admitted with a history of recurrent fever and acute renal failure. Blood cultures taken on admission showed Escherichia coli, as well as Bacteroides uniformis after an extended incubation period of 90 h. In addition, infection with Leptospira spp. was diagnosed serologically. Computerized tomography of the abdomen revealed an extensive PVT along with signs of colonic diverticulitis. Symptoms resolved under prolonged antimicrobial therapy with beta-lactams and adequate heparinization. A myeloproliferative disorder could be excluded. There was no evidence of an underlying coagulation disorder. Imaging controls showed an almost complete resolution of the PVT after 6 months of anticoagulation therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such an “unhappy triad,” which includes atypical manifestations of leptospirosis and involvement of other intestinal bacteria.

Identification of significant changes in urinary peptides may enable improved understanding of molecular disease mechanisms. We aimed towards identifying urinary peptides associated with critical course of COVID-19 to yield hypotheses on molecular pathophysiological mechanisms in disease development. In this multicentre prospective study urine samples of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were collected in different centres across Europe. The urinary peptidome of 53 patients at WHO stages 6–8 and 66 at WHO stages 1–3 COVID-19 disease was analysed using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. 593 peptides were identified significantly affected by disease severity. These peptides were compared with changes associated with kidney disease or heart failure. Similarities with kidney disease were observed, indicating comparable molecular mechanisms. In contrast, convincing similarity to heart failure could not be detected. The data for the first time showed deregulation of CD99 and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor peptides and of known peptides associated with kidney disease, including collagen and alpha-1-antitrypsin. Peptidomic findings were in line with the pathophysiology of COVID-19. The clinical corollary is that COVID-19 induces specific inflammation of numerous tissues including endothelial lining. Restoring these changes, especially in CD99, PIGR and alpha-1-antitripsin, may represent a valid and effective therapeutic approach in COVID-19, targeting improvement of endothelial integrity.

Background: The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection relies on RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs. The pre-analytical value of different methods of material harvesting for SARS-CoV-2 are unknown. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive investigation of the pre-analytical performance for different pharyngeal sampling procedures in hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition to swabs taken simultaneously from different locations, saliva and pharyngeal lavages were also analyzed using RT-PCR.Results: In 10 COVID-19 patients, standard nasopharyngeal swabs detected 8 out of 10 positive patients, whereas swabs taken from the palatoglossal arch resulted in 9 correct-positive results. Brushing the posterior pharynx wall with swabs resulted in detection of 9 out of 10 positive patients with no difference using either dry swabs or liquid Amies medium. A strong correlation between Ct values of both swab materials was observed. Pharyngeal lavages yielded 6 out of 10 positive results in concordance with 85% of nasopharyngeal swabs in late-stage COVID-19 patients. Investigating 23 patients with early SARS-CoV-2 infection, pharyngeal lavages showed a concordance rate of 100% compared to nasopharyngeal swabs.Conclusions: The diagnostic performance of swabs taken from the palatoglossal arch in detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection is similar to that of specimens taken from the nasopharyngeal region. However, the former sampling method is associated with less discomfort and much easier to perform. Pharyngeal lavages may replace swabs for mass screening in early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The predictive values are comparable, and the procedure is performed without exposing healthcare workers to transmission risks., Hintergrund: Die Diagnose der SARS-CoV-2-Infektion basiert auf einer RT-PCR aus Nasen-Rachen-Abstrichen. Der präanalytische Wert der verschiedenen Methoden der Materialentnahme für die Diagnose einer SARS-CoV-2 Infektion ist unbekannt. Methoden: Wir führten eine umfassende Untersuchung der präanalytischen Wertigkeit verschiedener pharyngealer Probeentnahmeverfahren bei hospitalisierten Patienten mit bestätigter SARS-CoV-2-Infektion durch. Neben Abstrichen mit verschiedenen Materialien, die gleichzeitig an verschiedenen Orten entnommen wurden, wurden auch Speichel- und Rachenspülungen mittels RT-PCR analysiert.Ergebnisse: Von 10 COVID-19 Patienten wurden mittels standardisierten Nasen-Rachen-Abstrichen 8 von 10 Patienten korrekt erkannt, während Abstriche vom vorderen Rachenring zu 9 korrekt-positiven Ergebnissen führten. Abstriche der hinteren Rachenwand führten bei 9 von 10 Patienten zum korrekten SARS-CoV-2 Nachweis ohne Unterschiede bei Verwendung von trockenen Abstrich-Materialien oder Abstrichtupfern mit flüssigem Amies-Medium. Es wurde eine starke Korrelation zwischen den Ct-Werten bei Verwendung der beiden Abstrichmaterialien beobachtet. Bei COVID-19-Patienten im Spätstadium wurden mittels Rachenspülungen 6 von 10 Patienten korrekt zugeordnet, während dies bei 85% der Nasen-Rachenabstriche der Fall war. Bei der Untersuchung von 23 Patienten mit einer frühen SARS-CoV-2-Infektion zeigten die Rachenspülungen im Vergleich zu den Nasen-Rachen-Abstrichen eine Konkordanzrate von 100%.Schlussfolgerung: Abstriche, die vom vorderen Rachenring entnommen werden, weisen bei Patienten mit SARS-CoV-2-Infektion eine ähnliche diagnostische Sicherheit auf wie Proben aus dem Nasen-Rachenraum-Bereich. Diese Probenentnahmemethode ist jedoch deutlich weniger unangenehm und einfacher durchführbar. Rachenspülungen können in frühen Stadien einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion Nasenrachenabstriche für das Massenscreening ersetzen. Die prädiktiven Werte sind vergleichbar und das Gesundheitsperso

Although, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents one of the biggest challenges in the world today, the exact immunopathogenic mechanism that leads to severe or critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has remained incompletely understood. Several studies have indicated that high systemic plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines result in the so-called “cytokine storm”, with subsequent development of microthrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and multiorgan-failure. Therefore, we reasoned those elevated inflammatory molecules might act as prognostic factors. Here, we analyzed 245 serum samples of patients with COVID-19, collected at hospital admission. We assessed the levels of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), soluble suppressor of tumorigenicity-2 (sST2) and 20S proteasome at hospital admission and explored their associations with overall-, 30-, 60-, 90-day- and in-hospital mortality. Moreover, we investigated their association with the risk of ventilation. We demonstrated that increased serum sST2 was uni- and multivariably associated with all endpoints. Furthermore, we also identified 20S proteasome as independent prognostic factor for in-hospital mortality (sST2, AUC = 0.73; HSP27, AUC = 0.59; 20S proteasome = 0.67). Elevated sST2, HSP27, and 20S proteasome levels at hospital admission were univariably associated with higher risk of invasive ventilation (OR = 1.8; p < 0.001; OR = 1.1; p = 0.04; OR = 1.03, p = 0.03, respectively). These findings could help to identify high-risk patients early in the course of COVID-19.

Although, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents one of the biggest challenges in the world today, the exact immunopathogenic mechanism that leads to severe or critical Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has remained incompletely understood. Several studies have indicated that high systemic plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines result in the so-called “cytokine storm”, with subsequent development of microthrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and multiorgan-failure. Therefore, we reasoned those elevated inflammatory molecules might act as prognostic factors. Here, we analyzed 245 serum samples of patients with COVID-19, collected at hospital admission. We assessed the levels of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), soluble suppressor of tumorigenicity-2 (sST2) and 20S proteasome at hospital admission and explored their associations with overall-, 30-, 60-, 90-day- and in-hospital mortality. Moreover, we investigated their association with the risk of ventilation. We demonstrated that increased serum sST2 was uni- and multivariably associated with all endpoints. Furthermore, we also identified 20S proteasome as independent prognostic factor for in-hospital mortality (sST2, AUC = 0.73; HSP27, AUC = 0.59; 20S proteasome = 0.67). Elevated sST2, HSP27, and 20S proteasome levels at hospital admission were univariably associated with higher risk of invasive ventilation (OR = 1.8; p < 0.001; OR = 1.1; p = 0.04; OR = 1.03, p = 0.03, respectively). These findings could help to identify high-risk patients early in the course of COVID-19.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare disease with an incidence of 0.7/100,000 inhabitants per year. Septic PVT (pylephlebitis) usually occurs secondary to infection in the anatomic region drained by the portal venous system. We report on a 76-year-old German male who was admitted with a history of recurrent fever and acute renal failure. Blood cultures taken on admission showed Escherichia coli, as well as Bacteroides uniformis after an extended incubation period of 90 h. In addition, infection with Leptospira spp. was diagnosed serologically. Computerized tomography of the abdomen revealed an extensive PVT along with signs of colonic diverticulitis. Symptoms resolved under prolonged antimicrobial therapy with beta-lactams and adequate heparinization. A myeloproliferative disorder could be excluded. There was no evidence of an underlying coagulation disorder. Imaging controls showed an almost complete resolution of the PVT after 6 months of anticoagulation therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such an “unhappy triad,” which includes atypical manifestations of leptospirosis and involvement of other intestinal bacteria.

Identification of significant changes in urinary peptides may enable improved understanding of molecular disease mechanisms. We aimed towards identifying urinary peptides associated with critical course of COVID-19 to yield hypotheses on molecular pathophysiological mechanisms in disease development. In this multicentre prospective study urine samples of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were collected in different centres across Europe. The urinary peptidome of 53 patients at WHO stages 6–8 and 66 at WHO stages 1–3 COVID-19 disease was analysed using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. 593 peptides were identified significantly affected by disease severity. These peptides were compared with changes associated with kidney disease or heart failure. Similarities with kidney disease were observed, indicating comparable molecular mechanisms. In contrast, convincing similarity to heart failure could not be detected. The data for the first time showed deregulation of CD99 and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor peptides and of known peptides associated with kidney disease, including collagen and alpha-1-antitrypsin. Peptidomic findings were in line with the pathophysiology of COVID-19. The clinical corollary is that COVID-19 induces specific inflammation of numerous tissues including endothelial lining. Restoring these changes, especially in CD99, PIGR and alpha-1-antitripsin, may represent a valid and effective therapeutic approach in COVID-19, targeting improvement of endothelial integrity.

Identification of significant changes in urinary peptides may enable improved understanding of molecular disease mechanisms. We aimed towards identifying urinary peptides associated with critical course of COVID-19 to yield hypotheses on molecular pathophysiological mechanisms in disease development. In this multicentre prospective study urine samples of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients were collected in different centres across Europe. The urinary peptidome of 53 patients at WHO stages 6–8 and 66 at WHO stages 1–3 COVID-19 disease was analysed using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. 593 peptides were identified significantly affected by disease severity. These peptides were compared with changes associated with kidney disease or heart failure. Similarities with kidney disease were observed, indicating comparable molecular mechanisms. In contrast, convincing similarity to heart failure could not be detected. The data for the first time showed deregulation of CD99 and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor peptides and of known peptides associated with kidney disease, including collagen and alpha-1-antitrypsin. Peptidomic findings were in line with the pathophysiology of COVID-19. The clinical corollary is that COVID-19 induces specific inflammation of numerous tissues including endothelial lining. Restoring these changes, especially in CD99, PIGR and alpha-1-antitripsin, may represent a valid and effective therapeutic approach in COVID-19, targeting improvement of endothelial integrity.

The application range of aerogels, especially in the life-science sector, can be extended by utilizing biocompatible polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA). However, the low glass transition temperature (Tg) of PLA and the challenging gelation techniques limit the application of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) drying and thus the PLA-aerogel production. The aim of this work is to overcome this challenge and to provide a better understanding of the thermodynamics of the process. Therefore, the gelation of amorphous PLA (PDLLA) and semicrystalline PLA (PLLA) via thermal-induced phase separation (TIPS) was studied. To identify polymer/solvent/antisolvent ratios suitable for gelation, thermodynamic modeling (PC-SAFT) was used to describe the corresponding ternary phase diagrams. scCO2 drying was used to preserve the mesoporous gel structure formed during the gelation. Due to the decrease in the Tg of PLA in the presence of CO2, this could not be applied to all gels. It was found that the critical parameter to enable the scCO2 drying of low Tg polymers is the crystallinity degree (Xc) of the polymer. Based on these results, some guidelines for producing aerogels from polymers with low Tg are formulated. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.], Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)

Two recombinant beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) B variants were produced in E. coli. Production/isolation resulted in native BLG without post-translational modifications. Properties of recombinant variants were compared to commercial BLG B and BLG AB. Minor differences in solubility and interface adsorption behavior were evident. Genetically engineered and natural BLGs show similar emulsifying properties.

This is the fourteenth chapter of the guideline "Calculated initial parenteral treatment of bacterial infections in adults - update 2018" in the 2nd updated version. The German guideline by the Paul-Ehrlich-Gesellschaft für Chemotherapie e.V. (PEG) has been translated to address an international audience.Bacterial gastrointestinal infections are still the leading cause of death worldwide. The chapter describes the etiology of bacterial gastrointestinal infections in Germany and their frequency. Recommendations are given for the calculated therapy of these infections and for targeted antibiotic therapy for known pathogens. Particular attention is paid to Clostridium difficile . The diagnostic and therapeutic options of antibiotic therapy of the various infection patterns in this pathogen are discussed., Dies ist das vierzehnte Kapitel der von der Paul-Ehrlich-Gesellschaft für Chemotherapie e.V. (PEG) herausgegebenen S2k Leitlinie "Kalkulierte parenterale Initialtherapie bakterieller Erkrankungen bei Erwachsenen - Update 2018" in der 2. aktualisierten Fassung.Bakterielle gastrointestinale Infektionen gehören weltweit immer noch zu den häufigsten Todesursachen. Im Kapitel werden die Ätiologie bakterieller gastrointestinaler Infektionen in Deutschland und ihre Häufigkeiten beschrieben. Es werden Empfehlungen zur kalkulierten Therapie dieser Infektionen und zur gezielten Antibiotika-Therapie bei bekanntem Erreger gegeben. Besonderes Augenmerk wird auf Clostridium difficile gerichtet. Die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Optionen der antibiotischen Therapie der verschiedenen Infektionsbilder bei diesem Erreger werden diskutiert.

Background: Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDRGN) are found with rising prevalence in non-hemodialysis risk populations as well as hemodialysis (HD) cohorts in Asia, Europe and North America. At the same time, colonization and consecutive infections with such pathogens may increase mortality and morbidity of affected individuals. We aimed to monitor intestinal MDRGN colonization in a yet not investigated German HD population. Methods: We performed cross-sectional point-prevalence testing with 12 months follow-up and selected testing of relatives in an out-patient HD cohort of n = 77 patients by using microbiological cultures from fresh stool samples, combined with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization—Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results: We detected MDRGN in 8 out of 77 patients (10.4%) and 1 out of 22 relatives (4.5%), indicating only colonization and no infections. At follow-up, 2 patients showed phenotypic persistence of MDRGN colonization, and in 6 other patients de-novo MDRGN colonization could be demonstrated. Pathogens included Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase [ESBL]-production as well as fluoroquinolone resistance), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Enterobacter cloacae. Conclusions: In a single-center study, MDRGN colonization rates were below those found in non-HD high-risk populations and HD units in the US, respectively. Reasons for this could be high hygiene standards and a strict antibiotic stewardship policy with evidence of low consumption of fluoroquinolones and carbapenems in our HD unit and the affiliated hospital.

Background: Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDRGN) are found with rising prevalence in non-hemodialysis risk populations as well as hemodialysis (HD) cohorts in Asia, Europe and North America. At the same time, colonization and consecutive infections with such pathogens may increase mortality and morbidity of affected individuals. We aimed to monitor intestinal MDRGN colonization in a yet not investigated German HD population. Methods: We performed cross-sectional point-prevalence testing with 12 months follow-up and selected testing of relatives in an out-patient HD cohort of n = 77 patients by using microbiological cultures from fresh stool samples, combined with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization—Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results: We detected MDRGN in 8 out of 77 patients (10.4%) and 1 out of 22 relatives (4.5%), indicating only colonization and no infections. At follow-up, 2 patients showed phenotypic persistence of MDRGN colonization, and in 6 other patients de-novo MDRGN colonization could be demonstrated. Pathogens included Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase [ESBL]-production as well as fluoroquinolone resistance), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Enterobacter cloacae. Conclusions: In a single-center study, MDRGN colonization rates were below those found in non-HD high-risk populations and HD units in the US, respectively. Reasons for this could be high hygiene standards and a strict antibiotic stewardship policy with evidence of low consumption of fluoroquinolones and carbapenems in our HD unit and the affiliated hospital.

Independent metering valve systems open up for more flexibility because of the ability to control meter in and meter out flow individually, thus enabling many possibilities to adapt the actuator s behaviour to the user´s needs without altering any hardware. Furthermore, with alternative flow modes significant energy savings are possible. In many applications like excavators smooth switching between flow modes is required, a demand the market does not provide a satisfying solution for yet. Here, an approach using a short circuit path for smooth switching has been developed. The control algorithm hands over the volume flow from one path to another continuously depending on the current actuator load. Due to the flexible software structure the developed control algorithm can be applied to a very broad variety of independent metering valve layouts. Simulation results are promising and currently the solution is undergoing test rig evaluation.

Independent metering valve systems open up for more flexibility because of the ability to control meter in and meter out flow individually, thus enabling many possibilities to adapt the actuator s behaviour to the user´s needs without altering any hardware. Furthermore, with alternative flow modes significant energy savings are possible. In many applications like excavators smooth switching between flow modes is required, a demand the market does not provide a satisfying solution for yet. Here, an approach using a short circuit path for smooth switching has been developed. The control algorithm hands over the volume flow from one path to another continuously depending on the current actuator load. Due to the flexible software structure the developed control algorithm can be applied to a very broad variety of independent metering valve layouts. Simulation results are promising and currently the solution is undergoing test rig evaluation.

Background: Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDRGN) are found with rising prevalence in non-hemodialysis risk populations as well as hemodialysis (HD) cohorts in Asia, Europe and North America. At the same time, colonization and consecutive infections with such pathogens may increase mortality and morbidity of affected individuals. We aimed to monitor intestinal MDRGN colonization in a yet not investigated German HD population. Methods: We performed cross-sectional point-prevalence testing with 12 months follow-up and selected testing of relatives in an out-patient HD cohort of n = 77 patients by using microbiological cultures from fresh stool samples, combined with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization—Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results: We detected MDRGN in 8 out of 77 patients (10.4%) and 1 out of 22 relatives (4.5%), indicating only colonization and no infections. At follow-up, 2 patients showed phenotypic persistence of MDRGN colonization, and in 6 other patients de-novo MDRGN colonization could be demonstrated. Pathogens included Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase [ESBL]-production as well as fluoroquinolone resistance), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Enterobacter cloacae. Conclusions: In a single-center study, MDRGN colonization rates were below those found in non-HD high-risk populations and HD units in the US, respectively. Reasons for this could be high hygiene standards and a strict antibiotic stewardship policy with evidence of low consumption of fluoroquinolones and carbapenems in our HD unit and the affiliated hospital.

Independent metering valve systems open up for more flexibility because of the ability to control meter in and meter out flow individually, thus enabling many possibilities to adapt the actuator s behaviour to the user´s needs without altering any hardware. Furthermore, with alternative flow modes significant energy savings are possible. In many applications like excavators smooth switching between flow modes is required, a demand the market does not provide a satisfying solution for yet. Here, an approach using a short circuit path for smooth switching has been developed. The control algorithm hands over the volume flow from one path to another continuously depending on the current actuator load. Due to the flexible software structure the developed control algorithm can be applied to a very broad variety of independent metering valve layouts. Simulation results are promising and currently the solution is undergoing test rig evaluation.

Background: Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDRGN) are found with rising prevalence in non-hemodialysis risk populations as well as hemodialysis (HD) cohorts in Asia, Europe and North America. At the same time, colonization and consecutive infections with such pathogens may increase mortality and morbidity of affected individuals. We aimed to monitor intestinal MDRGN colonization in a yet not investigated German HD population. Methods: We performed cross-sectional point-prevalence testing with 12 months follow-up and selected testing of relatives in an out-patient HD cohort of n = 77 patients by using microbiological cultures from fresh stool samples, combined with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization—Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results: We detected MDRGN in 8 out of 77 patients (10.4%) and 1 out of 22 relatives (4.5%), indicating only colonization and no infections. At follow-up, 2 patients showed phenotypic persistence of MDRGN colonization, and in 6 other patients de-novo MDRGN colonization could be demonstrated. Pathogens included Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase [ESBL]-production as well as fluoroquinolone resistance), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Enterobacter cloacae. Conclusions: In a single-center study, MDRGN colonization rates were below those found in non-HD high-risk populations and HD units in the US, respectively. Reasons for this could be high hygiene standards and a strict antibiotic stewardship policy with evidence of low consumption of fluoroquinolones and carbapenems in our HD unit and the affiliated hospital.

Independent metering valve systems open up for more flexibility because of the ability to control meter in and meter out flow individually, thus enabling many possibilities to adapt the actuator s behaviour to the user´s needs without altering any hardware. Furthermore, with alternative flow modes significant energy savings are possible. In many applications like excavators smooth switching between flow modes is required, a demand the market does not provide a satisfying solution for yet. Here, an approach using a short circuit path for smooth switching has been developed. The control algorithm hands over the volume flow from one path to another continuously depending on the current actuator load. Due to the flexible software structure the developed control algorithm can be applied to a very broad variety of independent metering valve layouts. Simulation results are promising and currently the solution is undergoing test rig evaluation.

Purpose: The initial results of the APL0406 trial showed that the combination of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) is at least not inferior to standard ATRA and chemotherapy (CHT) in first-line therapy of low- or intermediate-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). We herein report the final analysis on the complete series of patients enrolled onto this trial. Patients and Methods: The APL0406 study was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase III noninferiority trial. Eligible patients were adults between 18 and 71 years of age with newly diagnosed, low- or intermediate-risk APL (WBC at diagnosis ≤ 10 × 109/L). Overall, 276 patients were randomly assigned to receive ATRA-ATO or ATRA-CHT between October 2007 and January 2013. Results: Of 263 patients evaluable for response to induction, 127 (100%) of 127 patients and 132 (97%) of 136 patients achieved complete remission (CR) in the ATRA-ATO and ATRA-CHT arms, respectively (P = .12). After a median follow-up of 40.6 months, the event-free survival, cumulative incidence of relapse, and overall survival at 50 months for patients in the ATRA-ATO versus ATRA-CHT arms were 97.3% v 80%, 1.9% v 13.9%, and 99.2% v 92.6%, respectively (P < .001, P = .0013, and P = .0073, respectively). Postinduction events included two relapses and one death in CR in the ATRA-ATO arm and two instances of molecular resistance after third consolidation, 15 relapses, and five deaths in CR in the ATRA-CHT arm. Two patients in the ATRA-CHT arm developed a therapy-related myeloid neoplasm. Conclusion: These results show that the advantages of ATRA-ATO over ATRA-CHT increase over time and that there is significantly greater and more sustained antileukemic efficacy of ATO-ATRA compared with ATRA-CHT in low- and intermediate-risk APL.

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a myeloid neoplasm characterized by dysplasia, abnormal production and accumulation of monocytic cells and an elevated risk of transforming into acute leukemia. Over the past two decades, our knowledge about the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms in CMML has increased substantially. In parallel, better diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies have been developed. However, many questions remain regarding prognostication and optimal therapy. In addition, there is a need to define potential pre-phases of CMML and special CMML variants, and to separate these entities from each other and from conditions mimicking CMML. To address these unmet needs, an international consensus group met in a Working Conference in August 2018 and discussed open questions and issues around CMML, its variants, and pre-CMML conditions. The outcomes of this meeting are summarized herein and include diag nostic criteria and a proposed classification of pre-CMML conditions as well as refined minimal diagnostic criteria for classical CMML and special CMML variants, including oligomonocytic CMML and CMML associated with systemic mastocytosis. Moreover, we propose diagnostic standards and tools to distinguish between ‘normal’, pre-CMML and CMML entities. These criteria and standards should facilitate diagnostic and prognostic evaluations in daily practice and clinical studies in applied hematology.

Utilización de software de simulación y diseño para incorporar el algoritmo necesario que permita que la excavadora opere con cargas "aiding" además de cargas "resistivas", Departamento de Ciencias de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Expresión Gráfica en la Ingeniería, Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametría, Ingeniería Mecánica e Ingeniería de los Procesos de Fabricación, Grado en Ingeniería Mecánica

Utilización de software de simulación y diseño para incorporar el algoritmo necesario que permita que la excavadora opere con cargas "aiding" además de cargas "resistivas", Departamento de Ciencias de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Expresión Gráfica en la Ingeniería, Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametría, Ingeniería Mecánica e Ingeniería de los Procesos de Fabricación, Grado en Ingeniería Mecánica

Utilización de software de simulación y diseño para incorporar el algoritmo necesario que permita que la excavadora opere con cargas "aiding" además de cargas "resistivas", Departamento de Ciencias de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Expresión Gráfica en la Ingeniería, Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametría, Ingeniería Mecánica e Ingeniería de los Procesos de Fabricación, Grado en Ingeniería Mecánica

Die Eradikation des Poliovirus wurde 1988 von der WHO beschlossen. Hierzu wurde die Global Polio Eradikation Initiative ins Leben gerufen. Mit hohem Aufwand und großen Geldsummen wird seitdem das Ziel verfolgt die Poliovirus Wildtypen 1-3 zu eradizieren. Vorläufer dieser Bemühungen war die Eradikation des Pockenvirus, welche innerhalb weniger Jahre gelang. Ursprünglich sollte bereits im Jahr 2000 das Virus erfolgreich eradiziert sein, dieses ehrgeizige Ziel konnte jedoch nicht erreicht werden und wird auch nicht vor 2021 erreicht. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass keineswegs nur das WPV Typ 1-3 Fälle von Poliomyelitiden hervorruft, sondern auch Impfviren, welche, insbesondere in Gebieten mit schlechter Durchimpfungsrate, über einen langen Zeitraum zirkulieren und ihre Pathogenität durch Rückmutation wiedererhalten können. Je länger der Zeitraum der Zirkulation umso höher das Risiko der Bildung dieser Revertanten. Ein weiterer, seltener, aber nicht unwichtiger Faktor sind sogenannte Dauerausscheider – Personen mit Immundefekten, welche infolge einer OPV teilweise über Jahrzehnte hinweg das Polioimpfvirus ausscheiden. Auch hier besteht die Gefahr, dass die Viren ihre Pathogenität durch Mutation zurückerhalten. In Deutschland und anderen westeuropäischen Ländern ist die Basisreproduktionszahl des Poliovirus R0 4, d.h. um im Fall einer Infektion eine Epidemie zu verhindern ist eine Durchimpfungsrate von mindestens 75 % notwendig. Nur dann ist davon auszugehen, dass es im Falle einer Erkrankung eine Ausbreitung der Viren lokal begrenzt bleibt oder im besten Fall gestoppt wird. Zuverlässige Datensätze über den Impfstand der Bevölkerung gibt es derzeit lediglich über die Datenerhebung im Rahmen der Schuleingangsuntersuchungen und der KVImpfsurveillance. Diese Daten geben keine Auskunft, wie es mit der Immunität der erwachsenen Bevölkerung steht. In dieser Arbeit soll gezeigt werden, ob in ausreichendem Maße Immunität unter den werdenden Müttern besteht um einerseits von einem

Die Eradikation des Poliovirus wurde 1988 von der WHO beschlossen. Hierzu wurde die Global Polio Eradikation Initiative ins Leben gerufen. Mit hohem Aufwand und großen Geldsummen wird seitdem das Ziel verfolgt die Poliovirus Wildtypen 1-3 zu eradizieren. Vorläufer dieser Bemühungen war die Eradikation des Pockenvirus, welche innerhalb weniger Jahre gelang. Ursprünglich sollte bereits im Jahr 2000 das Virus erfolgreich eradiziert sein, dieses ehrgeizige Ziel konnte jedoch nicht erreicht werden und wird auch nicht vor 2021 erreicht. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass keineswegs nur das WPV Typ 1-3 Fälle von Poliomyelitiden hervorruft, sondern auch Impfviren, welche, insbesondere in Gebieten mit schlechter Durchimpfungsrate, über einen langen Zeitraum zirkulieren und ihre Pathogenität durch Rückmutation wiedererhalten können. Je länger der Zeitraum der Zirkulation umso höher das Risiko der Bildung dieser Revertanten. Ein weiterer, seltener, aber nicht unwichtiger Faktor sind sogenannte Dauerausscheider – Personen mit Immundefekten, welche infolge einer OPV teilweise über Jahrzehnte hinweg das Polioimpfvirus ausscheiden. Auch hier besteht die Gefahr, dass die Viren ihre Pathogenität durch Mutation zurückerhalten. In Deutschland und anderen westeuropäischen Ländern ist die Basisreproduktionszahl des Poliovirus R0 4, d.h. um im Fall einer Infektion eine Epidemie zu verhindern ist eine Durchimpfungsrate von mindestens 75 % notwendig. Nur dann ist davon auszugehen, dass es im Falle einer Erkrankung eine Ausbreitung der Viren lokal begrenzt bleibt oder im besten Fall gestoppt wird. Zuverlässige Datensätze über den Impfstand der Bevölkerung gibt es derzeit lediglich über die Datenerhebung im Rahmen der Schuleingangsuntersuchungen und der KVImpfsurveillance. Diese Daten geben keine Auskunft, wie es mit der Immunität der erwachsenen Bevölkerung steht. In dieser Arbeit soll gezeigt werden, ob in ausreichendem Maße Immunität unter den werdenden Müttern besteht um einerseits von einem