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Your search keyword '"Kuzawa, Christopher W"' showing total 12 results
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12 results on '"Kuzawa, Christopher W"'

1. Psychological legacies of intergenerational trauma under South African apartheid: Prenatal stress predicts greater vulnerability to the psychological impacts of future stress exposure during late adolescence and early adulthood in Soweto, South Africa.

Author

Kim, Andrew Wooyoung, Kim, Andrew Wooyoung, Said Mohamed, Rihlat, Norris, Shane A, Richter, Linda M, Kuzawa, Christopher W, Kim, Andrew Wooyoung, Kim, Andrew Wooyoung, Said Mohamed, Rihlat, Norris, Shane A, Richter, Linda M, and Kuzawa, Christopher W

Abstract

BackgroundSouth Africa's rates of psychiatric morbidity are among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa and are foregrounded by the country's long history of political violence during apartheid. Growing evidence suggests that in utero stress exposure is a potent developmental risk factor for future mental illness risk, yet the extent to which the psychiatric effects of prenatal stress impact the next generation are unknown. We evaluate the intergenerational effects of prenatal stress experienced during apartheid on psychiatric morbidity among children at ages 17-18 and also assess the moderating effects of maternal age, social support, and past household adversity.MethodsParticipants come from Birth-to-Twenty, a longitudinal birth cohort study in Soweto-Johannesburg, South Africa's largest peri-urban township which was the epicentre of violent repression and resistance during the final years of the apartheid regime. Pregnant women were prospectively enrolled in 1990 and completed questionnaires assessing social experiences, and their children's psychiatric morbidity were assessed at ages 17-18.ResultsFull data were available from 304 mother-child pairs in 2007-8. Maternal prenatal stress in 1990 was not directly associated greater psychiatric morbidity during at ages 17-18. Maternal age and past household adversity moderated the intergenerational mental health effects of prenatal stress such that children born to younger mothers and late adolescent/young adult children experiencing greater household adversity exhibited worse psychiatric morbidity at ages 17-18. Social support did not buffer against the long-term psychiatric impacts of prenatal stress.ConclusionsGreater prenatal stress from apartheid predicted adverse psychiatric outcomes among children born to younger mothers and adolescents/young adults who experienced greater concurrent stress. Our findings suggest that prenatal stress may affect adolescent mental health, have stress-sensitising effects, and represent

Published
2023

2. The human gut microbiome and health inequities

Author

Amato, Katherine R, Arrieta, Marie-Claire, Azad, Meghan B, Bailey, Michael T, Broussard, Josiane L, Bruggeling, Carlijn E, Claud, Erika C, Costello, Elizabeth K, Davenport, Emily R, Dutilh, Bas E, Swain Ewald, Holly A, Ewald, Paul, Hanlon, Erin C, Julion, Wrenetha, Keshavarzian, Ali, Maurice, Corinne F, Miller, Gregory E, Preidis, Geoffrey A, Segurel, Laure, Singer, Burton, Subramanian, Sathish, Zhao, Liping, Kuzawa, Christopher W, Amato, Katherine R, Arrieta, Marie-Claire, Azad, Meghan B, Bailey, Michael T, Broussard, Josiane L, Bruggeling, Carlijn E, Claud, Erika C, Costello, Elizabeth K, Davenport, Emily R, Dutilh, Bas E, Swain Ewald, Holly A, Ewald, Paul, Hanlon, Erin C, Julion, Wrenetha, Keshavarzian, Ali, Maurice, Corinne F, Miller, Gregory E, Preidis, Geoffrey A, Segurel, Laure, Singer, Burton, Subramanian, Sathish, Zhao, Liping, and Kuzawa, Christopher W

Abstract

Individuals who are minoritized as a result of race, sexual identity, gender, or socioeconomic status experience a higher prevalence of many diseases. Understanding the biological processes that cause and maintain these socially driven health inequities is essential for addressing them. The gut microbiome is strongly shaped by host environments and affects host metabolic, immune, and neuroendocrine functions, making it an important pathway by which differences in experiences caused by social, political, and economic forces could contribute to health inequities. Nevertheless, few studies have directly integrated the gut microbiome into investigations of health inequities. Here, we argue that accounting for host-gut microbe interactions will improve understanding and management of health inequities, and that health policy must begin to consider the microbiome as an important pathway linking environments to population health.

Published
2021

3. The human gut microbiome and health inequities

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Amato, Katherine R, Arrieta, Marie-Claire, Azad, Meghan B, Bailey, Michael T, Broussard, Josiane L, Bruggeling, Carlijn E, Claud, Erika C, Costello, Elizabeth K, Davenport, Emily R, Dutilh, Bas E, Swain Ewald, Holly A, Ewald, Paul, Hanlon, Erin C, Julion, Wrenetha, Keshavarzian, Ali, Maurice, Corinne F, Miller, Gregory E, Preidis, Geoffrey A, Segurel, Laure, Singer, Burton, Subramanian, Sathish, Zhao, Liping, Kuzawa, Christopher W, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Amato, Katherine R, Arrieta, Marie-Claire, Azad, Meghan B, Bailey, Michael T, Broussard, Josiane L, Bruggeling, Carlijn E, Claud, Erika C, Costello, Elizabeth K, Davenport, Emily R, Dutilh, Bas E, Swain Ewald, Holly A, Ewald, Paul, Hanlon, Erin C, Julion, Wrenetha, Keshavarzian, Ali, Maurice, Corinne F, Miller, Gregory E, Preidis, Geoffrey A, Segurel, Laure, Singer, Burton, Subramanian, Sathish, Zhao, Liping, and Kuzawa, Christopher W

Published
2021

4. The human gut microbiome and health inequities

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Amato, Katherine R, Arrieta, Marie-Claire, Azad, Meghan B, Bailey, Michael T, Broussard, Josiane L, Bruggeling, Carlijn E, Claud, Erika C, Costello, Elizabeth K, Davenport, Emily R, Dutilh, Bas E, Swain Ewald, Holly A, Ewald, Paul, Hanlon, Erin C, Julion, Wrenetha, Keshavarzian, Ali, Maurice, Corinne F, Miller, Gregory E, Preidis, Geoffrey A, Segurel, Laure, Singer, Burton, Subramanian, Sathish, Zhao, Liping, Kuzawa, Christopher W, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Amato, Katherine R, Arrieta, Marie-Claire, Azad, Meghan B, Bailey, Michael T, Broussard, Josiane L, Bruggeling, Carlijn E, Claud, Erika C, Costello, Elizabeth K, Davenport, Emily R, Dutilh, Bas E, Swain Ewald, Holly A, Ewald, Paul, Hanlon, Erin C, Julion, Wrenetha, Keshavarzian, Ali, Maurice, Corinne F, Miller, Gregory E, Preidis, Geoffrey A, Segurel, Laure, Singer, Burton, Subramanian, Sathish, Zhao, Liping, and Kuzawa, Christopher W

Published
2021

5. The human gut microbiome and health inequities

Author

Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Amato, Katherine R, Arrieta, Marie-Claire, Azad, Meghan B, Bailey, Michael T, Broussard, Josiane L, Bruggeling, Carlijn E, Claud, Erika C, Costello, Elizabeth K, Davenport, Emily R, Dutilh, Bas E, Swain Ewald, Holly A, Ewald, Paul, Hanlon, Erin C, Julion, Wrenetha, Keshavarzian, Ali, Maurice, Corinne F, Miller, Gregory E, Preidis, Geoffrey A, Segurel, Laure, Singer, Burton, Subramanian, Sathish, Zhao, Liping, Kuzawa, Christopher W, Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Sub Bioinformatics, Amato, Katherine R, Arrieta, Marie-Claire, Azad, Meghan B, Bailey, Michael T, Broussard, Josiane L, Bruggeling, Carlijn E, Claud, Erika C, Costello, Elizabeth K, Davenport, Emily R, Dutilh, Bas E, Swain Ewald, Holly A, Ewald, Paul, Hanlon, Erin C, Julion, Wrenetha, Keshavarzian, Ali, Maurice, Corinne F, Miller, Gregory E, Preidis, Geoffrey A, Segurel, Laure, Singer, Burton, Subramanian, Sathish, Zhao, Liping, and Kuzawa, Christopher W

Published
2021

6. Early life stress and HPA axis function independently predict adult depressive symptoms in metropolitan Cebu, Philippines.

Author

Kim, Andrew Wooyoung, Kim, Andrew Wooyoung, Adam, Emma K, Bechayda, Sonny A, Kuzawa, Christopher W, Kim, Andrew Wooyoung, Kim, Andrew Wooyoung, Adam, Emma K, Bechayda, Sonny A, and Kuzawa, Christopher W

Abstract

ObjectivesAlterations in adult hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity have increasingly been linked with early life stress and adult depression, but a limited number of studies have used longitudinal data to explore HPA axis dysregulation as an underlying mechanism driving the long-term depressive impacts of early stressors. Here we address potential long-term impacts of early life, family-based stress on depressive symptoms among young adults in a longitudinal birth cohort study begun in 1983 in the Philippines.Materials and methodsWe relate a composite measure of family-based stressors experienced between birth and adolescence to circadian dynamics in adult salivary cortisol and depressive risk measured at 21-22 years of age. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between early life stress levels and risk of adult depressive symptoms, as well as the role of adult diurnal cortisol activity in this relationship.ResultsGreater levels of early life familial stress predicted more severe depressive symptomatology at age 21-22 in a dose-response fashion (p < .0001) independent of adult diurnal cortisol patterns. Flatter diurnal cortisol slopes are directly associated with higher adult depressive symptoms, an effect mostly driven by evening cortisol levels (p = .004). When considering the cumulative effects of early life stress measures, however, exposure to more of these stressors during development is associated with even higher depressive symptoms.DiscussionThe long-term depressive effects of early life familial stress extend to this large sample of Cebuano young adults, and early life stress and HPA axis function may shape adult depressive symptoms through independent pathways in this sample. Our findings provide further evidence that HPA axis activity is shaped by early life conditions and is associated with depressive symptoms.

Published
2020

7. Individual differences in developmental plasticity: A role for early androgens?

Author

Del Giudice, Marco, Del Giudice, Marco, Barrett, Emily S, Belsky, Jay, Hartman, Sarah, Martel, Michelle M, Sangenstedt, Susanne, Kuzawa, Christopher W, Del Giudice, Marco, Del Giudice, Marco, Barrett, Emily S, Belsky, Jay, Hartman, Sarah, Martel, Michelle M, Sangenstedt, Susanne, and Kuzawa, Christopher W

Abstract

Developmental plasticity is a widespread property of living organisms, but different individuals in the same species can vary greatly in how susceptible they are to environmental influences. In humans, research has sought to link variation in plasticity to physiological traits such as stress reactivity, exposure to prenatal stress-related hormones such as cortisol, and specific genes involved in major neurobiological pathways. However, the determinants of individual differences in plasticity are still poorly understood. Here we present the novel hypothesis that, in both sexes, higher exposure to androgens during prenatal and early postnatal life should lead to increased plasticity in traits that display greater male variability (i.e., a majority of physical and behavioral traits). First, we review evidence of greater phenotypic variation and higher susceptibility to environmental factors in males; we then consider evolutionary models that explain greater male variability and plasticity as a result of sexual selection. These empirical and theoretical strands converge on the hypothesis that androgens may promote developmental plasticity, at least for traits that show greater male variability. We discuss a number of potential mechanisms that may mediate this effect (including upregulation of neural plasticity), and address the question of whether androgen-induced plasticity is likely to be adaptive or maladaptive. We conclude by offering suggestions for future studies in this area, and considering some research designs that could be used to empirically test our hypothesis.

Published
2018

8. Individual differences in developmental plasticity: A role for early androgens?

Author

Del Giudice, Marco, Del Giudice, Marco, Barrett, Emily S, Belsky, Jay, Hartman, Sarah, Martel, Michelle M, Sangenstedt, Susanne, Kuzawa, Christopher W, Del Giudice, Marco, Del Giudice, Marco, Barrett, Emily S, Belsky, Jay, Hartman, Sarah, Martel, Michelle M, Sangenstedt, Susanne, and Kuzawa, Christopher W

Abstract

Developmental plasticity is a widespread property of living organisms, but different individuals in the same species can vary greatly in how susceptible they are to environmental influences. In humans, research has sought to link variation in plasticity to physiological traits such as stress reactivity, exposure to prenatal stress-related hormones such as cortisol, and specific genes involved in major neurobiological pathways. However, the determinants of individual differences in plasticity are still poorly understood. Here we present the novel hypothesis that, in both sexes, higher exposure to androgens during prenatal and early postnatal life should lead to increased plasticity in traits that display greater male variability (i.e., a majority of physical and behavioral traits). First, we review evidence of greater phenotypic variation and higher susceptibility to environmental factors in males; we then consider evolutionary models that explain greater male variability and plasticity as a result of sexual selection. These empirical and theoretical strands converge on the hypothesis that androgens may promote developmental plasticity, at least for traits that show greater male variability. We discuss a number of potential mechanisms that may mediate this effect (including upregulation of neural plasticity), and address the question of whether androgen-induced plasticity is likely to be adaptive or maladaptive. We conclude by offering suggestions for future studies in this area, and considering some research designs that could be used to empirically test our hypothesis.

Published
2018

9. New loci associated with birth weight identify genetic links between intrauterine growth and adult height and metabolism.

Author

Horikoshi, Momoko, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O, Sovio, Ulla, Taal, H Rob, Hennig, Branwen J, Bradfield, Jonathan P, St Pourcain, Beate, Evans, David M, Charoen, Pimphen, Kaakinen, Marika, Cousminer, Diana L, Lehtimäki, Terho, Kreiner-Møller, Eskil, Warrington, Nicole M, Bustamante, Mariona, Feenstra, Bjarke, Berry, Diane J, Thiering, Elisabeth, Pfab, Thiemo, Barton, Sheila J, Shields, Beverley M, Kerkhof, Marjan, van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M, Fulford, Anthony J, Kutalik, Zoltán, Zhao, Jing Hua, den Hoed, Marcel, Mahajan, Anubha, Lindi, Virpi, Goh, Liang-Kee, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Wu, Ying, Raitakari, Olli T, Harder, Marie N, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Ntalla, Ioanna, Salem, Rany M, Jameson, Karen A, Zhou, Kaixin, Monies, Dorota M, Lagou, Vasiliki, Kirin, Mirna, Heikkinen, Jani, Adair, Linda S, Alkuraya, Fowzan S, Al-Odaib, Ali, Amouyel, Philippe, Andersson, Ehm Astrid, Bennett, Amanda J, Blakemore, Alexandra I F, Buxton, Jessica L, Dallongeville, Jean, Das, Shikta, de Geus, Eco J C, Estivill, Xavier, Flexeder, Claudia, Froguel, Philippe, Geller, Frank, Godfrey, Keith M, Gottrand, Frédéric, Groves, Christopher J, Hansen, Torben, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Hofman, Albert, Hollegaard, Mads V, Hougaard, David M, Hyppönen, Elina, Inskip, Hazel M, Isaacs, Aaron, Jørgensen, Torben, Kanaka-Gantenbein, Christina, Kemp, John P, Kiess, Wieland, Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O, Klopp, Norman, Knight, Bridget A, Kuzawa, Christopher W, McMahon, George, Newnham, John P, Niinikoski, Harri, Oostra, Ben A, Pedersen, Louise, Postma, Dirkje S, Ring, Susan M, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Robertson, Neil R, Sebert, Sylvain, Simell, Olli, Slowinski, Torsten, Tiesler, Carla M T, Tönjes, Anke, Vaag, Allan, Viikari, Jorma S, Vink, Jacqueline M, Vissing, Nadja Hawwa, Wareham, Nicholas J, Willemsen, Gonneke, Witte, Daniel R, Zhang, Haitao, Zhao, Jianhua, Wilson, James F, Stumvoll, Michael, Prentice, Andrew M, Meyer, Brian F, Pearson, Ewan R, Boreham, Colin A G, Cooper, Cyrus, Gillman, Matthew W, Dedoussis, George V, Moreno, Luis A, Pedersen, Oluf, Saarinen, Maiju, Mohlke, Karen L, Boomsma, Dorret I, Saw, Seang-Mei, Lakka, Timo A, Körner, Antje, Loos, Ruth J F, Ong, Ken K, Vollenweider, Peter, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Koppelman, Gerard H, Hattersley, Andrew T, Holloway, John W, Hocher, Berthold, Heinrich, Joachim, Power, Chris, Melbye, Mads, Guxens, Mònica, Pennell, Craig E, Bønnelykke, Klaus, Bisgaard, Hans, Eriksson, Johan G, Widén, Elisabeth, Hakonarson, Hakon, Uitterlinden, André G, Pouta, Anneli, Lawlor, Debbie A, Smith, George Davey, Frayling, Timothy M, McCarthy, Mark I, Grant, Struan F A, Jaddoe, Vincent W V, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Timpson, Nicholas J, Prokopenko, Inga, Freathy, Rachel M, Horikoshi, Momoko, Yaghootkar, Hanieh, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O, Sovio, Ulla, Taal, H Rob, Hennig, Branwen J, Bradfield, Jonathan P, St Pourcain, Beate, Evans, David M, Charoen, Pimphen, Kaakinen, Marika, Cousminer, Diana L, Lehtimäki, Terho, Kreiner-Møller, Eskil, Warrington, Nicole M, Bustamante, Mariona, Feenstra, Bjarke, Berry, Diane J, Thiering, Elisabeth, Pfab, Thiemo, Barton, Sheila J, Shields, Beverley M, Kerkhof, Marjan, van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M, Fulford, Anthony J, Kutalik, Zoltán, Zhao, Jing Hua, den Hoed, Marcel, Mahajan, Anubha, Lindi, Virpi, Goh, Liang-Kee, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Wu, Ying, Raitakari, Olli T, Harder, Marie N, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Ntalla, Ioanna, Salem, Rany M, Jameson, Karen A, Zhou, Kaixin, Monies, Dorota M, Lagou, Vasiliki, Kirin, Mirna, Heikkinen, Jani, Adair, Linda S, Alkuraya, Fowzan S, Al-Odaib, Ali, Amouyel, Philippe, Andersson, Ehm Astrid, Bennett, Amanda J, Blakemore, Alexandra I F, Buxton, Jessica L, Dallongeville, Jean, Das, Shikta, de Geus, Eco J C, Estivill, Xavier, Flexeder, Claudia, Froguel, Philippe, Geller, Frank, Godfrey, Keith M, Gottrand, Frédéric, Groves, Christopher J, Hansen, Torben, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Hofman, Albert, Hollegaard, Mads V, Hougaard, David M, Hyppönen, Elina, Inskip, Hazel M, Isaacs, Aaron, Jørgensen, Torben, Kanaka-Gantenbein, Christina, Kemp, John P, Kiess, Wieland, Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O, Klopp, Norman, Knight, Bridget A, Kuzawa, Christopher W, McMahon, George, Newnham, John P, Niinikoski, Harri, Oostra, Ben A, Pedersen, Louise, Postma, Dirkje S, Ring, Susan M, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Robertson, Neil R, Sebert, Sylvain, Simell, Olli, Slowinski, Torsten, Tiesler, Carla M T, Tönjes, Anke, Vaag, Allan, Viikari, Jorma S, Vink, Jacqueline M, Vissing, Nadja Hawwa, Wareham, Nicholas J, Willemsen, Gonneke, Witte, Daniel R, Zhang, Haitao, Zhao, Jianhua, Wilson, James F, Stumvoll, Michael, Prentice, Andrew M, Meyer, Brian F, Pearson, Ewan R, Boreham, Colin A G, Cooper, Cyrus, Gillman, Matthew W, Dedoussis, George V, Moreno, Luis A, Pedersen, Oluf, Saarinen, Maiju, Mohlke, Karen L, Boomsma, Dorret I, Saw, Seang-Mei, Lakka, Timo A, Körner, Antje, Loos, Ruth J F, Ong, Ken K, Vollenweider, Peter, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Koppelman, Gerard H, Hattersley, Andrew T, Holloway, John W, Hocher, Berthold, Heinrich, Joachim, Power, Chris, Melbye, Mads, Guxens, Mònica, Pennell, Craig E, Bønnelykke, Klaus, Bisgaard, Hans, Eriksson, Johan G, Widén, Elisabeth, Hakonarson, Hakon, Uitterlinden, André G, Pouta, Anneli, Lawlor, Debbie A, Smith, George Davey, Frayling, Timothy M, McCarthy, Mark I, Grant, Struan F A, Jaddoe, Vincent W V, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Timpson, Nicholas J, Prokopenko, Inga, and Freathy, Rachel M

Abstract

Birth weight within the normal range is associated with a variety of adult-onset diseases, but the mechanisms behind these associations are poorly understood. Previous genome-wide association studies of birth weight identified a variant in the ADCY5 gene associated both with birth weight and type 2 diabetes and a second variant, near CCNL1, with no obvious link to adult traits. In an expanded genome-wide association meta-analysis and follow-up study of birth weight (of up to 69,308 individuals of European descent from 43 studies), we have now extended the number of loci associated at genome-wide significance to 7, accounting for a similar proportion of variance as maternal smoking. Five of the loci are known to be associated with other phenotypes: ADCY5 and CDKAL1 with type 2 diabetes, ADRB1 with adult blood pressure and HMGA2 and LCORL with adult height. Our findings highlight genetic links between fetal growth and postnatal growth and metabolism.

Published
2013
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10. Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids

Author

Teslovich, Tanya M., Musunuru, Kiran, Smith, Albert V., Edmondson, Andrew C., Stylianou, Ioannis M., Koseki, Masahiro, Pirruccello, James P., Ripatti, Samuli, Chasman, Daniel I., Willer, Cristen J., Johansen, Christopher T., Fouchier, Sigrid W., Isaacs, Aaron, Peloso, Gina M., Barbalic, Maja, Ricketts, Sally L., Bis, Joshua C., Aulchenko, Yurii S., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Feitosa, Mary F., Chambers, John, Orho-Melander, Marju, Melander, Olle, Johnson, Toby, Li, Xiaohui, Guo, Xiuqing, Li, Mingyao, Cho, Yoon Shin, Go, Min Jin, Kim, Young Jin, Lee, Jong-Young, Park, Taesung, Kim, Kyunga, Sim, Xueling, Ong, Rick Twee-Hee, Croteau-Chonka, Damien C., Lange, Leslie A., Smith, Joshua D., Song, Kijoung, Zhao, Jing Hua, Yuan, Xin, Luan, Jian'an, Lamina, Claudia, Ziegler, Andreas, Zhang, Weihua, Zee, Robert Y. L., Wright, Alan F., Witteman, Jacqueline C. M., Wilson, James F., Willemsen, Gonneke, Wichmann, H. -Erich, Whitfield, John B., Waterworth, Dawn M., Wareham, Nicholas J., Waeber, Gerard, Vollenweider, Peter, Voight, Benjamin F., Vitart, Veronique, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Uda, Manuela, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Thompson, John R., Tanaka, Toshiko, Surakka, Ida, Stringham, Heather M., Spector, Tim D., Soranzo, Nicole, Smit, Johannes H., Sinisalo, Juha, Silander, Kaisa, Sijbrands, Eric J. G., Scuteri, Angelo, Scott, James, Schlessinger, David, Sanna, Serena, Salomaa, Veikko, Saharinen, Juha, Sabatti, Chiara, Ruokonen, Aimo, Rudan, Igor, Rose, Lynda M., Roberts, Robert, Rieder, Mark, Psaty, Bruce M., Pramstaller, Peter P., Pichler, Irene, Perola, Markus, Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Pedersen, Nancy L., Pattaro, Cristian, Parker, Alex N., Pare, Guillaume, Oostra, Ben A., O'Donnell, Christopher J., Nieminen, Markku S., Nickerson, Deborah A., Montgomery, Grant W., Meitinger, Thomas, McPherson, Ruth, McCarthy, Mark I., McArdle, Wendy, Masson, David, Martin, Nicholas G., Marroni, Fabio, Mangino, Massimo, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Lucas, Gavin, Luben, Robert, Loos, Ruth J. F., Lokki, Marja-Liisa, Lettre, Guillaume, Langenberg, Claudia, Launer, Lenore J., Lakatta, Edward G., Laaksonen, Reijo, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Kronenberg, Florian, Koenig, Inke R., Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kaplan, Lee M., Johansson, Åsa, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Janssens, A. Cecile J. W., Ingelsson, Erik, Igi, Wilmar, Hovingh, G. Kees, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Hofman, Albert, Hicks, Andrew A., Hengstenberg, Christian, Heid, Iris M., Hayward, Caroline, Havulinna, Aki S., Hastie, Nicholas D., Harris, Tamara B., Haritunians, Talin, Hall, Alistair S., Gyllensten, Ulf, Guiducci, Candace, Groop, Leif C., Gonzalez, Elena, Gieger, Christian, Freimer, Nelson B., Ferrucci, Luigi, Erdmann, Jeanette, Elliott, Paul, Ejebe, Kenechi G., Doering, Angela, Dominiczak, Anna F., Demissie, Serkalem, Deloukas, Panagiotis, de Geus, Eco J. C., de Faire, Ulf, Crawford, Gabriel, Collins, Francis S., Chen, Yii-der I., Caulfield, Mark J., Campbell, Harry, Burtt, Noel P., Bonnycastle, Lori L., Boomsma, Dorret I., Boekholdt, S. Matthijs, Bergman, Richard N., Barroso, Ines, Bandinelli, Stefania, Ballantyne, Christie M., Assimes, Themistocles L., Quertermous, Thomas, Altshuler, David, Seielstad, Mark, Wong, Tien Y., Tai, E-Shyong, Feranil, Alan B., Kuzawa, Christopher W., Adair, Linda S., Taylor, Herman A., Jr., Borecki, Ingrid B., Gabriel, Stacey B., Wilson, James G., Holm, Hilma, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Krauss, Ronald M., Mohlke, Karen L., Ordovas, Jose M., Munroe, Patricia B., Kooner, Jaspal S., Tall, Alan R., Hegele, Robert A., Kastelein, John J. P., Schadt, Eric E., Rotter, Jerome I., Boerwinkle, Eric, Strachan, David P., Mooser, Vincent, Stefansson, Kari, Reilly, Muredach P., Samani, Nilesh J., Schunkert, Heribert, Cupples, L. Adrienne, Sandhu, Manjinder S., Ridker, Paul M., Rader, Daniel J., van Duijn, Cornelia M., Peltonen, Leena, Abecasis, Goncalo R., Boehnke, Michael, Kathiresan, Sekar, Teslovich, Tanya M., Musunuru, Kiran, Smith, Albert V., Edmondson, Andrew C., Stylianou, Ioannis M., Koseki, Masahiro, Pirruccello, James P., Ripatti, Samuli, Chasman, Daniel I., Willer, Cristen J., Johansen, Christopher T., Fouchier, Sigrid W., Isaacs, Aaron, Peloso, Gina M., Barbalic, Maja, Ricketts, Sally L., Bis, Joshua C., Aulchenko, Yurii S., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Feitosa, Mary F., Chambers, John, Orho-Melander, Marju, Melander, Olle, Johnson, Toby, Li, Xiaohui, Guo, Xiuqing, Li, Mingyao, Cho, Yoon Shin, Go, Min Jin, Kim, Young Jin, Lee, Jong-Young, Park, Taesung, Kim, Kyunga, Sim, Xueling, Ong, Rick Twee-Hee, Croteau-Chonka, Damien C., Lange, Leslie A., Smith, Joshua D., Song, Kijoung, Zhao, Jing Hua, Yuan, Xin, Luan, Jian'an, Lamina, Claudia, Ziegler, Andreas, Zhang, Weihua, Zee, Robert Y. L., Wright, Alan F., Witteman, Jacqueline C. M., Wilson, James F., Willemsen, Gonneke, Wichmann, H. -Erich, Whitfield, John B., Waterworth, Dawn M., Wareham, Nicholas J., Waeber, Gerard, Vollenweider, Peter, Voight, Benjamin F., Vitart, Veronique, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Uda, Manuela, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Thompson, John R., Tanaka, Toshiko, Surakka, Ida, Stringham, Heather M., Spector, Tim D., Soranzo, Nicole, Smit, Johannes H., Sinisalo, Juha, Silander, Kaisa, Sijbrands, Eric J. G., Scuteri, Angelo, Scott, James, Schlessinger, David, Sanna, Serena, Salomaa, Veikko, Saharinen, Juha, Sabatti, Chiara, Ruokonen, Aimo, Rudan, Igor, Rose, Lynda M., Roberts, Robert, Rieder, Mark, Psaty, Bruce M., Pramstaller, Peter P., Pichler, Irene, Perola, Markus, Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Pedersen, Nancy L., Pattaro, Cristian, Parker, Alex N., Pare, Guillaume, Oostra, Ben A., O'Donnell, Christopher J., Nieminen, Markku S., Nickerson, Deborah A., Montgomery, Grant W., Meitinger, Thomas, McPherson, Ruth, McCarthy, Mark I., McArdle, Wendy, Masson, David, Martin, Nicholas G., Marroni, Fabio, Mangino, Massimo, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Lucas, Gavin, Luben, Robert, Loos, Ruth J. F., Lokki, Marja-Liisa, Lettre, Guillaume, Langenberg, Claudia, Launer, Lenore J., Lakatta, Edward G., Laaksonen, Reijo, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Kronenberg, Florian, Koenig, Inke R., Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kaplan, Lee M., Johansson, Åsa, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Janssens, A. Cecile J. W., Ingelsson, Erik, Igi, Wilmar, Hovingh, G. Kees, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Hofman, Albert, Hicks, Andrew A., Hengstenberg, Christian, Heid, Iris M., Hayward, Caroline, Havulinna, Aki S., Hastie, Nicholas D., Harris, Tamara B., Haritunians, Talin, Hall, Alistair S., Gyllensten, Ulf, Guiducci, Candace, Groop, Leif C., Gonzalez, Elena, Gieger, Christian, Freimer, Nelson B., Ferrucci, Luigi, Erdmann, Jeanette, Elliott, Paul, Ejebe, Kenechi G., Doering, Angela, Dominiczak, Anna F., Demissie, Serkalem, Deloukas, Panagiotis, de Geus, Eco J. C., de Faire, Ulf, Crawford, Gabriel, Collins, Francis S., Chen, Yii-der I., Caulfield, Mark J., Campbell, Harry, Burtt, Noel P., Bonnycastle, Lori L., Boomsma, Dorret I., Boekholdt, S. Matthijs, Bergman, Richard N., Barroso, Ines, Bandinelli, Stefania, Ballantyne, Christie M., Assimes, Themistocles L., Quertermous, Thomas, Altshuler, David, Seielstad, Mark, Wong, Tien Y., Tai, E-Shyong, Feranil, Alan B., Kuzawa, Christopher W., Adair, Linda S., Taylor, Herman A., Jr., Borecki, Ingrid B., Gabriel, Stacey B., Wilson, James G., Holm, Hilma, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Krauss, Ronald M., Mohlke, Karen L., Ordovas, Jose M., Munroe, Patricia B., Kooner, Jaspal S., Tall, Alan R., Hegele, Robert A., Kastelein, John J. P., Schadt, Eric E., Rotter, Jerome I., Boerwinkle, Eric, Strachan, David P., Mooser, Vincent, Stefansson, Kari, Reilly, Muredach P., Samani, Nilesh J., Schunkert, Heribert, Cupples, L. Adrienne, Sandhu, Manjinder S., Ridker, Paul M., Rader, Daniel J., van Duijn, Cornelia M., Peltonen, Leena, Abecasis, Goncalo R., Boehnke, Michael, and Kathiresan, Sekar

Abstract

Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides are among the most important risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) and are targets for therapeutic intervention. We screened the genome for common variants associated with plasma lipids in >100,000 individuals of European ancestry. Here we report 95 significantly associated loci (P<5 x 10(-8)), with 59 showing genome-wide significant association with lipid traits for the first time. The newly reported associations include single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near known lipid regulators (for example, CYP7A1, NPC1L1 and SCARB1) as well as in scores of loci not previously implicated in lipoprotein metabolism. The 95 loci contribute not only to normal variation in lipid traits but also to extreme lipid phenotypes and have an impact on lipid traits in three non-European populations (East Asians, South Asians and African Americans). Our results identify several novel loci associated with plasma lipids that are also associated with CAD. Finally, we validated three of the novel genes-GALNT2, PPP1R3B and TTC39B-with experiments in mouse models. Taken together, our findings provide the foundation to develop a broader biological understanding of lipoprotein metabolism and to identify new therapeutic opportunities for the prevention of CAD.

Published
2010
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11. Maternal height and child growth patterns

Author

Addo, O. Yaw, Stein, Aryeh D., Fall, Caroline H., Gigante, Denise P., Guntupalli, Aravinda M., Horta, Bernardo L., Kuzawa, Christopher W., Lee, Nanette, Norris, Shane A., Prabhakaran, Poornima, Richter, Linda M., Sachdev, Harshpal S., Martorell, Reynaldo, COHORTS, Group, Addo, O. Yaw, Stein, Aryeh D., Fall, Caroline H., Gigante, Denise P., Guntupalli, Aravinda M., Horta, Bernardo L., Kuzawa, Christopher W., Lee, Nanette, Norris, Shane A., Prabhakaran, Poornima, Richter, Linda M., Sachdev, Harshpal S., Martorell, Reynaldo, and COHORTS, Group

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between maternal height and child growth during 4 developmental periods: intrauterine, birth to age 2 years, age 2 years to mid-childhood (MC), and MC to adulthood. STUDY DESIGN: Pooled analysis of maternal height and offspring growth using 7630 mother-child pairs from 5 birth cohorts (Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa). We used conditional height measures that control for collinearity in height across periods. We estimated associations between maternal height and offspring growth using multivariate regression models adjusted for household income, child sex, birth order, and study site. RESULTS: Maternal height was associated with birth weight and with both height and conditional height at each age examined. The strongest associations with conditional heights were for adulthood and 2 years of age. A 1-cm increase in maternal height predicted a 0.024 (95% CI: 0.021-0.028) SD increase in offspring birth weight, a 0.037 (95% CI: 0.033-0.040) SD increase in conditional height at 2 years, a 0.025 (95% CI: 0.021-0.029 SD increase in conditional height in MC, and a 0.044 (95% CI: 0.040-0.048) SD increase in conditional height in adulthood. Short mothers (<150.1 cm) were more likely to have a child who was stunted at 2 years (prevalence ratio = 3.20 (95% CI: 2.80-3.60) and as an adult (prevalence ratio = 4.74, (95% CI: 4.13-5.44). There was no evidence of heterogeneity by site or sex. CONCLUSION: Maternal height influences offspring linear growth over the growing period. These influences likely include genetic and non-genetic factors, including nutrition-related intergenerational influences on growth that prevent the attainment of genetic height potential in low- and middle-income countries.

12. Maternal height and child growth patterns

Author

Addo, O. Yaw, Stein, Aryeh D., Fall, Caroline H., Gigante, Denise P., Guntupalli, Aravinda M., Horta, Bernardo L., Kuzawa, Christopher W., Lee, Nanette, Norris, Shane A., Prabhakaran, Poornima, Richter, Linda M., Sachdev, Harshpal S., Martorell, Reynaldo, COHORTS, Group, Addo, O. Yaw, Stein, Aryeh D., Fall, Caroline H., Gigante, Denise P., Guntupalli, Aravinda M., Horta, Bernardo L., Kuzawa, Christopher W., Lee, Nanette, Norris, Shane A., Prabhakaran, Poornima, Richter, Linda M., Sachdev, Harshpal S., Martorell, Reynaldo, and COHORTS, Group

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between maternal height and child growth during 4 developmental periods: intrauterine, birth to age 2 years, age 2 years to mid-childhood (MC), and MC to adulthood. STUDY DESIGN: Pooled analysis of maternal height and offspring growth using 7630 mother-child pairs from 5 birth cohorts (Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa). We used conditional height measures that control for collinearity in height across periods. We estimated associations between maternal height and offspring growth using multivariate regression models adjusted for household income, child sex, birth order, and study site. RESULTS: Maternal height was associated with birth weight and with both height and conditional height at each age examined. The strongest associations with conditional heights were for adulthood and 2 years of age. A 1-cm increase in maternal height predicted a 0.024 (95% CI: 0.021-0.028) SD increase in offspring birth weight, a 0.037 (95% CI: 0.033-0.040) SD increase in conditional height at 2 years, a 0.025 (95% CI: 0.021-0.029 SD increase in conditional height in MC, and a 0.044 (95% CI: 0.040-0.048) SD increase in conditional height in adulthood. Short mothers (<150.1 cm) were more likely to have a child who was stunted at 2 years (prevalence ratio = 3.20 (95% CI: 2.80-3.60) and as an adult (prevalence ratio = 4.74, (95% CI: 4.13-5.44). There was no evidence of heterogeneity by site or sex. CONCLUSION: Maternal height influences offspring linear growth over the growing period. These influences likely include genetic and non-genetic factors, including nutrition-related intergenerational influences on growth that prevent the attainment of genetic height potential in low- and middle-income countries.

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