Search

Atmospheric neutrinos offer the possibility of exploring the internal structure of Earth. This information is complementary to the traditional probes of seismic and gravitational studies. While propagating through Earth, the multi-GeV neutrinos encounter the Earth's matter effects due to the coherent forward scattering with the ambient electrons, which alters the neutrino oscillation probabilities. We present how well an atmospheric neutrino oscillation experiment like the 50 kt Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector at India-based Neutrino Observatory would validate the presence of Earth's core, measure the location of the core-mantle boundary (CMB), and probe the dark matter (DM) inside the Earth in a unique way through Earth matter effects in neutrino oscillations. Owing to good angular resolution, ICAL can observe the core-passing neutrinos efficiently. Due to its magnetized setup, it would be able to observe neutrinos and antineutrinos separately. With 500 kt$\cdot$yr exposure, the presence of Earth's core can be independently confirmed at ICAL with a median $\Delta\chi^2$ of 7.45 (4.83) for normal (inverted) mass ordering. With 1000 kt$\cdot$yr exposure, ICAL would be able to locate the CMB with a precision of about $\pm$ 250 km at $1\sigma$. It would also be sensitive to the possible presence of dark matter with 3.5% of the mass of Earth at $1\sigma$. The charge identification capability of ICAL would play an important role in achieving these precisions., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures; contribution to proceedings of The European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics (EPS-HEP2023)

A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm Advanced Centre for Rain-fed Agriculture (ACRA), Rakh-Dhiansar of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications at during Rabi season of 2018-19 to study the effect of six dates of sowing (31st October, 15th November, 30th November, 15th December, 30th December and 14th January) on growth attributes of two wheat varieties (PBW-175 and JAUW-598). The sowing of rain-fed was done at spacing of 20 cm in sandy loam soil. The observations were recorded on plant height, total dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate and relative crop growth rate of wheat crop. Growth of wheat in terms of plant height, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate and relative growth rate at periodic intervals revealed that at all the growth stages, the growth characters of wheat showed a pronounced improvement with varieties and sowing environments.  The data showed significant effects of different sowing time on plant height, total dry matter and crop growth rate while relative crop growth rate found to be non-significant. Among varieties total dry matter found to be significant at 90, 120 DAS and at harvest as well as CGR at 60-90 DAS and 90-120 DAS while plant height and RGR showed to be non-significant at periodic intervals. In addition, the interaction effects were significant in some of observations.

A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm Advanced Centre for Rain-fed Agriculture (ACRA), Rakh-Dhiansar of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications at during Rabi season of 2018-19 to study the effect of six dates of sowing (31st October, 15th November, 30th November, 15th December, 30th December and 14th January) on growth attributes of two wheat varieties (PBW-175 and JAUW-598). The sowing of rain-fed was done at spacing of 20 cm in sandy loam soil. The observations were recorded on plant height, total dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate and relative crop growth rate of wheat crop. Growth of wheat in terms of plant height, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate and relative growth rate at periodic intervals revealed that at all the growth stages, the growth characters of wheat showed a pronounced improvement with varieties and sowing environments.  The data showed significant effects of different sowing time on plant height, total dry matter and crop growth rate while relative crop growth rate found to be non-significant. Among varieties total dry matter found to be significant at 90, 120 DAS and at harvest as well as CGR at 60-90 DAS and 90-120 DAS while plant height and RGR showed to be non-significant at periodic intervals. In addition, the interaction effects were significant in some of observations.

The massive stars end their lives by supernova explosions leaving central compact objects that may evolve into neutron stars. Initially, after birth, the star remains hot and gradually cools down. We explore the matter and star properties during this initial stage of the compact stars considering the possibility of the appearance of deconfined quark matter in the core of the star. At the initial stage after the supernova explosion, the occurrence of non-radial oscillation in the newly born compact object is highly possible. Non-radial oscillations are an important source of GWs. There is a high chance for GWs from these oscillations, especially the nodeless fundamental (f-) mode to be detected by next-generation GW detectors. We study the evolution in frequencies of non-radial oscillation after birth considering phase transition and predicting the possible signature for different possibilities of theoretical compact star models., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Atmospheric neutrinos can act as a tool to probe the interior of Earth using weak interactions, and can provide information complementary to that obtained from gravitational and seismic measurements. While passing through Earth, multi-GeV neutrinos encounter Earth matter effects due to the coherent forward scattering with the ambient electrons, which alter the neutrino oscillation probabilities. These matter effects depend upon the density distribution of electrons inside Earth, and hence, can be used to determine the internal structure of Earth. In this work, we employ a five-layered model of Earth where the layer densities and radii are modified, keeping the mass and moment of inertia of Earth unchanged and respecting the hydrostatic equilibrium condition. We use the proposed INO-ICAL detector as an example of an atmospheric neutrino experiment that can distinguish between neutrinos and antineutrinos efficiently in the multi-GeV energy range. Our analysis demonstrates the role such an experiment can play in simultaneously constraining the density jumps inside Earth and the location of the core-mantle boundary., Comment: 34 pages, 10 figures, and 3 tables. Comments are welcome

Fistula in Ano is a track lined by granulation tissue, which connects perianal skin superficially to anal canal, anorectum or rectum deeply. It usually occurs in a pre-existing anorectal abscess which burst spontaneously. Acharaya Sushruta included Bhagandara in Ashtamaharoga and discussed it in detail based on its prevalence and difficulty in treatment. Shatponaka Bhagandara is one of the five varieties of Bhagandara that Acharya Sushruta has mentioned. In an effort to reduce recurrence rates and increase success rate over the past many years, numerous authors have proposed innovative procedures. However, Fistula-in-Ano is still a challenging surgical condition. In order to manage this difficult condition and create new trends in our understanding of Fistula-in-Ano, it is necessary to rediscover the old wisdom of Acharya Sushruta. The objective of this study is to review and interpret the surgical approach taken by Acharya Sushruta in the management of Shatponaka Bhagandara in light of contemporary surgical literatures, which may hold the key for successful management of this disease.

Prolactin (PRL) is elevated in B-cell-mediated lymphoproliferative diseases and promotes B-cell survival. Whether PRL or PRL receptors drive the evolution of B-cell malignancies is unknown. We measure changes in B cells after knocking down the pro-proliferative, anti-apoptotic long isoform of the PRL receptor (LFPRLR) in vivo in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)- and B-cell lymphoma-prone mouse models, and the long plus intermediate isoforms (LF/IFPRLR) in human B-cell malignancies. To knockdown LF/IFPRLRs without suppressing expression of the counteractive short PRLR isoforms (SFPRLRs), we employ splice-modulating DNA oligomers. In SLE-prone mice, LFPRLR knockdown reduces numbers and proliferation of pathogenic B-cell subsets and lowers the risk of B-cell transformation by downregulating expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase. LFPRLR knockdown in lymphoma-prone mice reduces B-cell numbers and their expression of BCL2 and TCL1. In overt human B-cell malignancies, LF/IFPRLR knockdown reduces B-cell viability and their MYC and BCL2 expression. Unlike normal B cells, human B-cell malignancies secrete autocrine PRL and often express no SFPRLRs. Neutralization of secreted PRL reduces the viability of B-cell malignancies. Knockdown of LF/IFPRLR reduces the growth of human B-cell malignancies in vitro and in vivo. Thus, LF/IFPRLR knockdown is a highly specific approach to block the evolution of B-cell neoplasms.

We have developed a robust method for the detection of heavy metal ions zinc, cadmium, and mercury in water. In this study we have synthesized a hydrogel based on biopolymer that is raw wool obtained from eszvMarino sheep and used this hydrogel as heavy metal ion sensor in the water. We have incorporated meta- benziporphodimethene ligand in-situ in the hydrogel synthesis, which shows selectively color-changing characteristics when immersed in Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ metal ions aqueous solution. This hydrogel shows selective response towards Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ metal ions in a competitive environment. Meta-BPDM was responsible for the selectivity of hydrogel towards Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ metal ions in water. This selective sensing behavior of raw wool based hydrogel has given a novel existence to our study. The synthesized hydrogel was studied for sensing applications and characterized by using FTIR, TGA, and SEM techniques.

As the world of composite materials evolves, it will be necessary to use inexpensive and readily available natural materials as reinforcement. In present research work, epoxy composite reinforced with citrus limetta peels is fabricated by hand Layup setting using epoxy, hardener and powdered citrus limetta peel. Under dry conditions, the material was subjected to wear analysis on “Pin on Disc” wear testing equipment. Using Minitab 18 software a Taguchi “L9 Orthogonal Array”, a plan of experiment was prepared to determine the wear behaviour in terms of wear and frictional force. The two output response elements, namely wear and friction force, have been chosen, and Taguchi analysis has been carried out on each individual output parameter. "Smaller-the-Better" option has been chosen for Taguchi Analysis. Using Taguchi analysis, signal to noise ratios have been developed for wear and friction force. The response factors with smaller values would result in superior composite structures. The wear property of composite was found to be affected by modifying applied load, sliding speed, and sliding time. The best combination of process settings resulted in the least amount of dry sliding wear possible. The ideal composite structure for wear and friction force is achieved when the load is 10 N, the test time is 4 minutes, and the sliding speed of RPM of 400.

We have developed a robust method for the detection of heavy metal ions zinc, cadmium, and mercury in water. In this study we have synthesized a hydrogel based on biopolymer that is raw wool obtained from eszvMarino sheep and used this hydrogel as heavy metal ion sensor in the water. We have incorporated meta- benziporphodimethene ligand in-situ in the hydrogel synthesis, which shows selectively color-changing characteristics when immersed in Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ metal ions aqueous solution. This hydrogel shows selective response towards Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ metal ions in a competitive environment. Meta-BPDM was responsible for the selectivity of hydrogel towards Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ metal ions in water. This selective sensing behavior of raw wool based hydrogel has given a novel existence to our study. The synthesized hydrogel was studied for sensing applications and characterized by using FTIR, TGA, and SEM techniques.

The mass-induced neutrino oscillation is a well established phenomenon that is based on the unitary mixing among three light active neutrinos. Remarkable precision on neutrino mixing parameters over the last decade or so has opened up the prospects for testing the possible non-unitarity of the standard 3$\nu$ mixing matrix, which may arise in the seesaw extensions of the Standard Model due to the admixture of three light active neutrinos with heavy isosinglet neutrinos. Because of this non-unitary neutrino mixing (NUNM), the oscillation probabilities among the three active neutrinos would be altered as compared to the probabilities obtained assuming a unitary 3$\nu$ mixing matrix. In such a NUNM scenario, neutrinos can experience an additional matter effect due to the neutral current interactions with the ambient neutrons. Atmospheric neutrinos having access to a wide range of energies and baselines can experience a significant modifications in Earth's matter effect due to NUNM. In this paper, for the first time, we study in detail how the NUNM parameter $\alpha_{32}$ affects the muon neutrino and antineutrino survival probabilities in a different way. Then, we place stringent constraints on $\alpha_{32}$ in a model independent fashion using the proposed 50 kt magnetized Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) detector under the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) project, which can efficiently detect the atmospheric $\nu_\mu$ and $\bar\nu_\mu$ separately in the multi-GeV energy range. Further, we discuss the advantage of charge identification capability of ICAL and the impact of uncertainties in oscillation parameters while constraining $\alpha_{32}$. We also compare the $\alpha_{32}$ sensitivity of ICAL with that of future long-baseline experiments DUNE and Hyper-K in isolation and combination., Comment: 39 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables, 2 appendices. Comments are welcome

Although VEGF-B was discovered as a VEGF-A homolog a long time ago, the angiogenic effect of VEGF-B remains poorly understood with limited and diverse findings from different groups. Notwithstanding, drugs that inhibit VEGF-B together with other VEGF family members are being used to treat patients with various neovascular diseases. It is therefore critical to have a better understanding of the angiogenic effect of VEGF-B and the underlying mechanisms. Using comprehensive in vitro and in vivo methods and models, we reveal here for the first time an unexpected and surprising function of VEGF-B as an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis by inhibiting the FGF2/FGFR1 pathway when the latter is abundantly expressed. Mechanistically, we unveil that VEGF-B binds to FGFR1, induces FGFR1/VEGFR1 complex formation, and suppresses FGF2-induced Erk activation, and inhibits FGF2-driven angiogenesis and tumor growth. Our work uncovers a previously unrecognized novel function of VEGF-B in tethering the FGF2/FGFR1 pathway. Given the anti-angiogenic nature of VEGF-B under conditions of high FGF2/FGFR1 levels, caution is warranted when modulating VEGF-B activity to treat neovascular diseases., Funding Agencies|State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou P. R. China [510060]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [82150710555, 82220108016, 81970823, 81830013]; Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province [2016GSF201100]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [19ykpy151]; long-term structural Methusalem; Flemish Government, Belgium; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [394046768 - SFB1366]; DZHK partner site Mannheim/Heidelberg; ERA PerMed 2020 JTC

Prescription Monitoring Program is a WHO initiative to encourage rationality in drug prescribing patterns among health practitioners based on observational cohort studies to assess, monitor, and regulate drug usage in primary healthcare centers. The objective of this study is to understand the present trends of Antibiotics prescribing followed by physicians at Panjab University Healthcare Centre in order to assess and evaluate the rationale use of Antibiotics. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at PUHC Outpatient Department for 2 months from 1st October to 30th November 2022. A total of 100 prescriptions were studied. This study included a diverse group of population on a random basis. The data collection and assessment were in accordance with WHO Prescription Performa. During this period, 100 prescriptions were collected and analyzed from OPD patients based on WHO Performa. The Demographic study showed that out of 100 prescriptions, 44% were female and 56% male followed by 25% pediatric (1-20 years) and 4%, geriatric. The study of age demographics revealed most prescription was of 21-40 years (age-group). The most common indication for antibiotics prescribing was found to be Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URI). The majority of patients visiting PUHC were diagnosed with URI (86 prescriptions out of 100) followed by ENT & eye infections, burn wound and bacterial typhoid fever. Out of total antibiotics prescriptions, 50.71% brand drugs and 49.29% generic drugs were prescribed. The most frequently prescribed antibiotic was among Macrolides class which was Azithromycin. The average cost of antibiotics per prescription was Rs. 68.57. Out of 100 patients 81% were aware about dosage regimen and 86% patients had knowledge about medication indication. Only 37% of patients were familiar with therapeutic category of drug. According to evaluation, 68% of prescriptions were in accordance with WHO Prescribing Indicators. The study reflected the current p

Prescription Monitoring Program is a WHO initiative to encourage rationality in drug prescribing patterns among health practitioners based on observational cohort studies to assess, monitor, and regulate drug usage in primary healthcare centers. The objective of this study is to understand the present trends of Antibiotics prescribing followed by physicians at Panjab University Healthcare Centre in order to assess and evaluate the rationale use of Antibiotics. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at PUHC Outpatient Department for 2 months from 1st October to 30th November 2022. A total of 100 prescriptions were studied. This study included a diverse group of population on a random basis. The data collection and assessment were in accordance with WHO Prescription Performa. During this period, 100 prescriptions were collected and analyzed from OPD patients based on WHO Performa. The Demographic study showed that out of 100 prescriptions, 44% were female and 56% male followed by 25% pediatric (1-20 years) and 4%, geriatric. The study of age demographics revealed most prescription was of 21-40 years (age-group). The most common indication for antibiotics prescribing was found to be Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URI). The majority of patients visiting PUHC were diagnosed with URI (86 prescriptions out of 100) followed by ENT & eye infections, burn wound and bacterial typhoid fever. Out of total antibiotics prescriptions, 50.71% brand drugs and 49.29% generic drugs were prescribed. The most frequently prescribed antibiotic was among Macrolides class which was Azithromycin. The average cost of antibiotics per prescription was Rs. 68.57. Out of 100 patients 81% were aware about dosage regimen and 86% patients had knowledge about medication indication. Only 37% of patients were familiar with therapeutic category of drug. According to evaluation, 68% of prescriptions were in accordance with WHO Prescribing Indicators. The study reflected the current p

The present study was conducted on wheat for two years from 2020-2022 to evaluate the effect of seed priming, tillage practices and nutrient management on growth and yield studies of crop under rainfed conditions at CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three factors. Factor I (Tillage practices) consisted of Conventional tillage (CT), Conventional tillage+ mulch (CT+M) and Zero tillage+ mulch (ZT+M); Factor II (Seed priming) consisted of Hydropriming and micronutrient (Zn, Mn) priming; Factor III (Nutrient management practices) consisted of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) and Integrated nutrient management. An additional treatment of control was also kept for general comparison of results. Tillage practices and nutrient management significantly effected growth and yield studies of wheat. However, seed priming had no significant effect on various parameters. Growth and yield of wheat were found to be significantly superior under conventional tillage+mulch (CT+M) as compared to other tillage practices. Maximum height (108.4 cm), dry matter accumulation (896.7 g/m2), leaf area index (2.43) and yield (9.19 t/ha) of wheat was obtained with CT+M. Zero tillage+mulch being the second best treatment proved to be better than conventional tillage. The growth and yield of wheat was significantly enhanced with integrated nutrient management as compared to recommended dose of fertilizers. Among different treatment combinations, T6 (CT+M, Hydro, Int) was found to be best in terms of both growth and yield studies in wheat under rainfed conditions.

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental site of Department of Soil Science and Water Management, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur (Himachal Pradesh). The experiment consisted of eleven treatments which were carried out in randomized block design with three replications. Observations for micronutrient uptake and soil physical properties were recorded and it was found that the lowest bulk density of the soil was achieved with treatment T6 (100 per cent RDN through vermicompost) and T11 (100 per cent RDN through vermicompost + Azotobacter). Particle density, porosity and water holding capacity were also slightly improved with the application of different treatments, however the differences were not significant. Further, application of chemical fertilizer or organic manure or both with or without biofertilizer positively influenced the micronutrient uptake (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) and the maximum uptake was recorded in treatment T11 (100 per cent RDN through vermicompost + Azotobacter), while minimum was observed under treatment T1 (control).

The investigation was undertaken and micro nutrients status of the area was assessed. During February-March 2020, 50 soil sampling locations from tomato growing areas were selected at random and 100 representative surface (0-15 cm) and sub-surface (15-30 cm) soil samples were collected. Various micronutrients, i.e. DTPA-extractable Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe were examined. The soils were neutral to slightly alkaline, and the EC values of all the soil samples were within normal limits. The general state of the soil organic carbon concentration was medium to high. The DTPA- Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in soils of the studied area were found to be in medium category. Positive correlations between the DTPA-extractable iron, copper, zinc and manganese with the organic carbon content was observed.

Compact stars (CS) are stellar remnants of massive stars. Inside CSs the density is so high that matter is in subatomic form composed of nucleons. With increase of density of matter towards the centre of the objects other degrees of freedom like hyperons, heavier non-strange baryons, meson condensates may appear. Not only that at higher densities, the nucleons may get decomposed into quarks and form deconfined strange quark matter (SQM). If it is so then CSs may contain SQM in the core surrounded by nucleonic matter forming hybrid stars (HSs). However, the nature and composition of matter inside CSs can only be inferred from the astrophysical observations of these CSs. Recent astrophysical observations in terms of CS mass-radius (M-R) relation and gravitational wave (GW) observation indicate that the matter should be soft in the intermediate density range and stiff enough at higher density range to attain the maximum possible mass above $2~M_\odot$ which is not compatible with pure hadronic equation of states (EOSs). Consequently, we study the HS properties with different models of SQM and find that within vector bag model considering density dependent bag parameter, the model goes well with the astrophysical observations so far., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures; Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D

Exponential decay estimates of a general linear weakly damped wave equation are studied with decay rate lying in a range. Based on the $C^0$-conforming finite element method to discretize spatial variables keeping temporal variable continuous, a semidiscrete system is analysed, and uniform decay estimates are derived with precisely the same decay rate as in the continuous case. Optimal error estimates with minimal smoothness assumptions on the initial data are established, which preserve exponential decay rate, and for a 2D problem, the maximum error bound is also proved. The present analysis is then generalized to include the problems with non-homogeneous forcing function, space-dependent damping, and problems with compensator. It is observed that decay rates are improved with large viscous damping and compensator. Finally, some numerical experiments are performed to validate the theoretical results established in this paper., Comment: 28 pages, 18 figures, 5 tables

The differential transform method is used to find numerical approximation of solution to a class of certain nonlinear differential algebraic equations. The method is based on Taylor's theorem. Coefficients of the Taylor series are determined by constructing a recurrence relation. To deal with nonlinearity of the problems, the Fa\`{a} di Bruno's formula containing the partial ordinary Bell polynomials is applied within the differential transform to avoid computation of symbolic derivatives. The error estimation results are presented too. Four concrete problems are studied to show efficiency and reliability of the method. The obtained results are compared to other methods.

The ever-increasing adoption of shared transportation modalities across the United States has the potential to fundamentally change the preferences and usage of different mobilities. It also raises several challenges with respect to the design and development of automated mobilities that can enable a large population to take advantage of this emergent technology. One such challenge is the lack of understanding of how trust in one automated mobility may impact trust in another. Without this understanding, it is difficult for researchers to determine whether future mobility solutions will have acceptance within different population groups. This study focuses on identifying the differences in trust across different mobility and how trust evolves across their use for participants who preferred an aggressive driving style. A dual mobility simulator study was designed in which 48 participants experienced two different automated mobilities (car and sidewalk). The results found that participants showed increasing levels of trust when they transitioned from the car to the sidewalk mobility. In comparison, participants showed decreasing levels of trust when they transitioned from the sidewalk to the car mobility. The findings from the study help inform and identify how people can develop trust in future mobility platforms and could inform the design of interventions that may help improve the trust and acceptance of future mobility., Comment: https://trid.trb.org/view/2117834

Although VEGF-B was discovered as a VEGF-A homolog a long time ago, the angiogenic effect of VEGF-B remains poorly understood with limited and diverse findings from different groups. Notwithstanding, drugs that inhibit VEGF-B together with other VEGF family members are being used to treat patients with various neovascular diseases. It is therefore critical to have a better understanding of the angiogenic effect of VEGF-B and the underlying mechanisms. Using comprehensive in vitro and in vivo methods and models, we reveal here for the first time an unexpected and surprising function of VEGF-B as an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis by inhibiting the FGF2/FGFR1 pathway when the latter is abundantly expressed. Mechanistically, we unveil that VEGF-B binds to FGFR1, induces FGFR1/VEGFR1 complex formation, and suppresses FGF2-induced Erk activation, and inhibits FGF2-driven angiogenesis and tumor growth. Our work uncovers a previously unrecognized novel function of VEGF-B in tethering the FGF2/FGFR1 pathway. Given the anti-angiogenic nature of VEGF-B under conditions of high FGF2/FGFR1 levels, caution is warranted when modulating VEGF-B activity to treat neovascular diseases., Funding Agencies|State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou P. R. China [510060]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [82150710555, 82220108016, 81970823, 81830013]; Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province [2016GSF201100]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [19ykpy151]; long-term structural Methusalem; Flemish Government, Belgium; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [394046768 - SFB1366]; DZHK partner site Mannheim/Heidelberg; ERA PerMed 2020 JTC

The nature of the highly dense matter inside the supernova remnant compact star is not constrained by terrestrial experiments and hence modeled phenomenologically to accommodate the astrophysical observations from compact stars. The observable properties of the compact stars are highly sensitive to the microscopic model of highly dense matter. However, some universal relations exist between some macroscopic properties of compact stars independent of the matter model. We study the universal relation including the stars containing exotic degrees of freedom such as heavier strange and non-strange baryons, strange quark matter in normal and superconducting phases, etc. We examine the universal relations for quantities moment of inertia - tidal love number - quadrupole moment. We also study the correlation of non-radial f-mode and p-mode frequencies with stellar properties. We find the f-mode frequency observes the universal relation with dimensionless tidal deformability but the p-mode frequency does not show a good correlation with stellar properties. The p-mode frequency is sensitive to the composition of the matter. We find that universal relation is also applicable for stars with exotic matter in the core of the star with several models of exotic matter., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures

maharoga and discussed it in detail based on its prevalence and  difficulty in treatment. Shatponaka Bhagandara is one of the five  varieties of Bhagandara that Acharya Sushruta has mentioned. In an  effort to reduce recurrence rates and increase success rate over the past  many years, numerous authors have proposed innovative procedures.  However, Fistula-in-Ano is still a challenging surgical condition. In  order to manage this difficult condition and create new trends in our  understanding of Fistula-in-Ano, it is necessary to rediscover the old  wisdom of Acharya Sushruta. The objective of this study is to review  and interpret the surgical approach taken by Acharya Sushruta in the  management of Shatponaka Bhagandara in light of contemporary  surgical literatures, which may hold the key for successful management  of this disease.&nbsp

Lorentz violation and non-standard interactions are two of the most popular scenarios beyond the Standard Model of particle physics, both of which can affect neutrino oscillations significantly. However, these effects can mimic each other, and it would be difficult to distinguish between them in any fixed-baseline neutrino experiment. We show that atmospheric neutrinos, having access to a wide range of baselines, can break this degeneracy. Observations of core-passing atmospheric neutrinos and antineutrinos would be a potent tool to discriminate between these two new-physics scenarios., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures. Another interesting application of core-passing atmospheric neutrinos. Comments are welcome

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2019 at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Agronomy of CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur (H.P.) to investigate the effect of different tillage systems and varieties on yield of rice. The treatments consist of three rice varieties (HPR 1156, HPR 2656 and HPR 2795) which were tested under three tillage systems viz., conventional tillage, and minimum tillage without residue and minimum tillage with residue retention. The experiment was set up in a split plot design, with the tillage system in the main plot and rice cultivars in the sub plots, and it was triple replicated. The texture of the soil at the test site was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction and in terms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, it was evaluated as medium. Significantly higher no. of panicles per meter square were observed in minimum tillage without residue though this treatment was at par with conventional tillage while significantly lower number of panicles m-2 were recorded with minimum tillage with residue retention. Significantly greater number of grains per panicle and panicle length were recorded in conventional tillage while minimum tillage with residue retention recorded lower values of number of grains per panicle and panicle length. Different tillage practices had no effect on the test weight of rice. Among different varieties tested, HPR 2656 recorded greater number of panicles per square meter which was at par with variety HPR 1156. Significantly higher number of grains per panicle and panicle length were recorded with HPR 2795 while the other two varieties were at par with each other. Rice variety HPR 1156 produced grains that had significantly greater test weight while the other two varieties (HPR 2795 and HPR 2656) were at par with each other with respect to this parameter. In terms of yield, conventional tillage produced much larger grain yield, straw yield, and biological yield and was at par

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2019 at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Agronomy of CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur (H.P.) to investigate the effect of different tillage systems and varieties on yield of rice. The treatments consist of three rice varieties (HPR 1156, HPR 2656 and HPR 2795) which were tested under three tillage systems viz., conventional tillage, and minimum tillage without residue and minimum tillage with residue retention. The experiment was set up in a split plot design, with the tillage system in the main plot and rice cultivars in the sub plots, and it was triple replicated. The texture of the soil at the test site was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction and in terms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, it was evaluated as medium. Significantly higher no. of panicles per meter square were observed in minimum tillage without residue though this treatment was at par with conventional tillage while significantly lower number of panicles m-2 were recorded with minimum tillage with residue retention. Significantly greater number of grains per panicle and panicle length were recorded in conventional tillage while minimum tillage with residue retention recorded lower values of number of grains per panicle and panicle length. Different tillage practices had no effect on the test weight of rice. Among different varieties tested, HPR 2656 recorded greater number of panicles per square meter which was at par with variety HPR 1156. Significantly higher number of grains per panicle and panicle length were recorded with HPR 2795 while the other two varieties were at par with each other. Rice variety HPR 1156 produced grains that had significantly greater test weight while the other two varieties (HPR 2795 and HPR 2656) were at par with each other with respect to this parameter. In terms of yield, conventional tillage produced much larger grain yield, straw yield, and biological yield and was at par

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2019 at the Experimental Farm of the Department of Agronomy of CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur (H.P.) to investigate the effect of different tillage systems and varieties on yield of rice. The treatments consist of three rice varieties (HPR 1156, HPR 2656 and HPR 2795) which were tested under three tillage systems viz., conventional tillage, and minimum tillage without residue and minimum tillage with residue retention. The experiment was set up in a split plot design, with the tillage system in the main plot and rice cultivars in the sub plots, and it was triple replicated. The texture of the soil at the test site was silty clay loam in texture, acidic in reaction and in terms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, it was evaluated as medium. Significantly higher no. of panicles per meter square were observed in minimum tillage without residue though this treatment was at par with conventional tillage while significantly lower number of panicles m-2 were recorded with minimum tillage with residue retention. Significantly greater number of grains per panicle and panicle length were recorded in conventional tillage while minimum tillage with residue retention recorded lower values of number of grains per panicle and panicle length. Different tillage practices had no effect on the test weight of rice. Among different varieties tested, HPR 2656 recorded greater number of panicles per square meter which was at par with variety HPR 1156. Significantly higher number of grains per panicle and panicle length were recorded with HPR 2795 while the other two varieties were at par with each other. Rice variety HPR 1156 produced grains that had significantly greater test weight while the other two varieties (HPR 2795 and HPR 2656) were at par with each other with respect to this parameter. In terms of yield, conventional tillage produced much larger grain yield, straw yield, and biological yield and was at par

A screen house experiment was conducted during kharif season, 2020-21 to know the effect of organic amendments and bio-agents (alone and in combination) in comparison with chemical on the population of rice root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne graminicola) in rice. Nursery was grown in 5 kg soil capacity earthen pan filled with infested soil having initial nematode population 285 J2/200 cc soil. Seeds of the rice (Variety- Pusa 1121) were soaked in tap water for 24 h and the sprouted seeds were sown in pots. Hundred seeds of rice were sown in each pot and each treatment was replicated four times. Organic amendments (neem cake and FYM) and bio-agents (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Purpureocillium lilacinum and Trichoderma viride) were added 10 days before sowing. Weighted amount of bio-agents was mixed in neem cake and FYM for enrichment with 7-10 days waiting period. Carbofuran (Furadan 3G) was added at time of sowing. The earthen pots without organic amendments, bio-agents and chemical were treated as control. Observations on plant growth parameters (seedling length in cm fresh and dry seedling weight in g) and nematode multiplication (number of galls/20 seedling, number of eggs/20 seedling and final nematode population in the soil/200 cc soil) were made at transplanting time. The plant parameters were maximum and significantly highest in treated nursery (neem cake @ 50 g/pot + Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 50 g/pot) under screen house conditions. Nematode reproduction and multiplication parameters such as number of galls/seedling, number of eggs/seedling and final nematode population were significantly reduced in neem cake @ 50 g/pot + Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 50 g/pot.

The composite sandwich structures are in great demand in aircraft, automotive and sports industries because these materials possess light weight, high flexural strength and stiffness. In present research paper, initially a composite sandwich structure, having Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) face sheets and a regular hexagon Kevlar® Honeycomb core material, in the form of an equivalent solid, has been modelled. ‘Gibson and Ashbey’ model for regular hexagon double wall thickness honeycomb core has been employed to determine the equivalent orthotropic properties of Kevlar® Honeycomb core. “ Three point bend test (3PBT)” has been performed on sandwich panel using Ansys as per ASTM C393-00 standard and ultimate load and deformation have been calculated. Then for experimental result, a composite sandwich has been fabricated and a 3PBT also has been performed on it. The analytical value for deflection has also been found using the ASTM C 399-00 standard. The value of stiffness obtained from finite element model is successfully compared with the experimental and analytical solutions and the numerical model predict to an excellent stage of the static behaviour of the material whilst compared with the experiments.

Manufacturing industries are very much dependent on the strategy which is adopted by the manufacturers to improve their performance in such a highly competitive environment. Sustaining the business performance and improving it in continual mode is another matter of concern for the business managers. Companies recognize lean practices to be a useful methodology for the reaching of more efficient performance in manufacturing processes. The basic principle behind the success of lean manufacturing is how manufacturing waste is identified and eliminated from the system. This study focuses how processing waste in manufacturing cycle of Head Lamp Leveling Switch assembly line can be minimized through adoption of lean manufacturing tools. Lean techniques such as Kaizen and line balancing have been adopted to reduce the cycle time and ultimately to increase productivity of product head lamp leveling switch (HLLS) from 450 pieces to 586 pieces in a shift of 7.5 hour.

"Diabetes," which is still regarded as a mystery illness, is quickly spreading around the world. Prameha Roga, who is referenced in Ayurveda, may be associated to diabetes. Prameha is a group of urogenital illnesses characterized by excessively discharging turbid urine. The two main kinds of diabetes mellitus identified by current science are insulin-dependent diabetes (type 1 diabetes) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes (type 2 diabetes). In affluent nations, more than 90% of people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes, and this number is significantly greater in underdeveloped nations. Globally, type 2 diabetes mellitus has emerged as a serious health issue. The WHO estimates that 463 million people worldwide have diabetes in 2019, and that number will rise to 578 million by 2030 and 700 million by 2045. In line with Ayurveda Due to the Kaphakara Nidanas that cause Paremha, all the Doshas become more inflamed,but Kledaka Kapha in liquid form specifically affects Meda, Mamsa Dhatus, and Kledatva. Kleda builds up excessively in the body, causing both Dhatvaagni Mandya and Jaataragni Mandya (digestive fire) (tissue fire). Tissues naturally lose their tone, and eventually Ojus and Basti become vitiated and create Prameha. A suitable food plan is required to stop and manage Prameha. Ayurveda places a high priority on diet and yoga, particularly in Prameha Roga. In order to understand the function that diet, yoga, and lifestyle changes have in the management of Prameha Roga, this literary study has been done.

Introduction - Vitiligo is the most widely known pigmentation disorder, and it is mentioned in Ayurveda as Shwitra for its characteristic appearance. It is caused by disturbance of all Tridosha along with Rakta, Mamsa, and Meda dhatu. Vitiligo, the most common de-pigmenting disorder, affects 0.5–1% of the worldwide population, causing disfigurement and serious disturbances in quality of life. It is harmless but a very serious cosmetic problem which affects the emotional, psychological, and social well-being of the affected person. Material and Method - A 32-year-old female diagnosed with Vitiligo (Shwitra), presented with complaints of increasing area and number of depigmented patches of skin which was managed by following Ayurveda principles. A treatment protocol was designed based on the signs and symptoms observed in this patient. The protocol includes only Shamana treatment with a combination of powdered herbal drugs, viz., Bakuchi (Psoralea corylifolia), Manjistha (Rubia Cordifolia), Lodhra (Symplocos Racemosa) and Nagkesar (Pterocarpus marsupium) powder orally along with Arogyavardhini vati 500 mg twice in a day orally. For Local Application Bakuchi oil is administrated. Result and Discussion - The treatment protocol was found to be effective in the reversal of de-pigmented patches to re-pigmentation, which may be adopted in future cases, using different combinations of drugs based upon the different Ayurvedic parameters to obtain even better results

Introduction - Vitiligo is the most widely known pigmentation disorder, and it is mentioned in Ayurveda as Shwitra for its characteristic appearance. It is caused by disturbance of all Tridosha along with Rakta, Mamsa, and Meda dhatu. Vitiligo, the most common de-pigmenting disorder, affects 0.5–1% of the worldwide population, causing disfigurement and serious disturbances in quality of life. It is harmless but a very serious cosmetic problem which affects the emotional, psychological, and social well-being of the affected person. Material and Method - A 32-year-old female diagnosed with Vitiligo (Shwitra), presented with complaints of increasing area and number of depigmented patches of skin which was managed by following Ayurveda principles. A treatment protocol was designed based on the signs and symptoms observed in this patient. The protocol includes only Shamana treatment with a combination of powdered herbal drugs, viz., Bakuchi (Psoralea corylifolia), Manjistha (Rubia Cordifolia), Lodhra (Symplocos Racemosa) and Nagkesar (Pterocarpus marsupium) powder orally along with Arogyavardhini vati 500 mg twice in a day orally. For Local Application Bakuchi oil is administrated. Result and Discussion - The treatment protocol was found to be effective in the reversal of de-pigmented patches to re-pigmentation, which may be adopted in future cases, using different combinations of drugs based upon the different Ayurvedic parameters to obtain even better results

Introduction - Vitiligo is the most widely known pigmentation disorder, and it is mentioned in Ayurveda as Shwitra for its characteristic appearance. It is caused by disturbance of all Tridosha along with Rakta, Mamsa, and Meda dhatu. Vitiligo, the most common de-pigmenting disorder, affects 0.5–1% of the worldwide population, causing disfigurement and serious disturbances in quality of life. It is harmless but a very serious cosmetic problem which affects the emotional, psychological, and social well-being of the affected person. Material and Method - A 32-year-old female diagnosed with Vitiligo (Shwitra), presented with complaints of increasing area and number of depigmented patches of skin which was managed by following Ayurveda principles. A treatment protocol was designed based on the signs and symptoms observed in this patient. The protocol includes only Shamana treatment with a combination of powdered herbal drugs, viz., Bakuchi (Psoralea corylifolia), Manjistha (Rubia Cordifolia), Lodhra (Symplocos Racemosa) and Nagkesar (Pterocarpus marsupium) powder orally along with Arogyavardhini vati 500 mg twice in a day orally. For Local Application Bakuchi oil is administrated. Result and Discussion - The treatment protocol was found to be effective in the reversal of de-pigmented patches to re-pigmentation, which may be adopted in future cases, using different combinations of drugs based upon the different Ayurvedic parameters to obtain even better results

Atmospheric neutrinos provide a unique avenue to explore the internal structure of Earth based on weak interactions, which is complementary to seismic studies and gravitational measurements. In this work, we demonstrate that the atmospheric neutrino oscillations in the presence of Earth matter can serve as an important tool to locate the core-mantle boundary (CMB). An atmospheric neutrino detector like the proposed 50 kt magnetized ICAL at INO can observe the core-passing neutrinos efficiently. These neutrinos would have experienced the MSW resonance and the parametric or neutrino oscillation length resonance. The net effect of these resonances on neutrino flavor conversions depends upon the location of CMB and the density jump at that radius. We quantify the capability of ICAL to measure the location of CMB in the context of multiple three-layered models of Earth. For the model where the density and the radius of core are kept flexible while the mass and radius of Earth as well as the densities of outer and inner mantle are fixed, ICAL can determine the location of CMB with a 1$\sigma$ precision of about 250 km with an exposure of 1000 kt$\cdot$yr. With the 81-layered PREM profile, this $1\sigma$ precision would be about 350 km. The charge identification capability of ICAL plays an important role in achieving this precision., Comment: 36 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, and two appendices. A new appendix B with a new figure 11 added to show the sensitivities using the 81-layered PREM profile and some sentences added in the abstract, main text, and summary to discuss these new results. The results obtained without marginalizing over the oscillation parameters in the fit added in table 5. Matches with the published version in JHEP

Empyema necessitans (EN) is a sporadic disease in the 21st century. It is a condition where the empyema has diffused and is loculated in the extrapleural space. It is usually caused by Tuberculosis (TB) infection or immunocompromised condition. Its manifestation, which is often vague in the beginning, leads to diagnostic dilemmas and delays in management. This has considerably affected patients adversely and incurred avoidable healthcare costs. We describe a rare case of empyema necessitans secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis in a 43-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with right anterior chest wall swelling, which was associated with pain, lethargy, malaise and significant loss of weight. Targeted ultrasonography of the anterior chest wall revealed a right anterior chest wall collection with intrathoracic extension. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest showed a multiloculated right chest wall collection with intrathoracic extension. Percutaneous drainage of the collection was performed, and the pus sent for Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture was positive. This case highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion and clinical awareness for this dangerous and silent disease.

Empyema necessitans (EN) is a sporadic disease in the 21st century. It is a condition where the empyema has diffused and is loculated in the extrapleural space. It is usually caused by Tuberculosis (TB) infection or immunocompromised condition. Its manifestation, which is often vague in the beginning, leads to diagnostic dilemmas and delays in management. This has considerably affected patients adversely and incurred avoidable healthcare costs. We describe a rare case of empyema necessitans secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis in a 43-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with right anterior chest wall swelling, which was associated with pain, lethargy, malaise and significant loss of weight. Targeted ultrasonography of the anterior chest wall revealed a right anterior chest wall collection with intrathoracic extension. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest showed a multiloculated right chest wall collection with intrathoracic extension. Percutaneous drainage of the collection was performed, and the pus sent for Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture was positive. This case highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion and clinical awareness for this dangerous and silent disease.

Manufacturing industries are very much dependent on the strategy which is adopted by the manufacturers to improve their performance in such a highly competitive environment. Sustaining the business performance and improving it in continual mode is another matter of concern for the business managers. Companies recognize lean practices to be a useful methodology for the reaching of more efficient performance in manufacturing processes. The basic principle behind the success of lean manufacturing is how manufacturing waste is identified and eliminated from the system. This study focuses how processing waste in manufacturing cycle of Head Lamp Leveling Switch assembly line can be minimized through adoption of lean manufacturing tools. Lean techniques such as Kaizen and line balancing have been adopted to reduce the cycle time and ultimately to increase productivity of product head lamp leveling switch (HLLS) from 450 pieces to 586 pieces in a shift of 7.5 hour.

Summary Objective Although elimination of leprosy was achieved in Nepal at national level in 2009, around 3000 new cases are still detected every year and 5% of these cases have Grade 2 disability (G2D). This study aims to describe the geographical distribution of leprosy new case detection (NCD) and G2D from 2010 to 2021 in two leprosy endemic provinces in Nepal. Methods We collected the geolocations and leprosy-related data of patients registered from 2010 to 2021 in Provinces 1 and 7. The geographical distribution of NCD and G2D was analysed in Quantum Geographic Information Systems (QGIS) at district, municipality and ward level, and we calculated the trends in Eye Hand Foot (EHF) impairment scores among cases with disabilities. Results From 2010 to 2021, a decrease in NCD and G2D cases was identified in Province 1, and an increase in NCD and G2D cases in Province 7. Geographical variations were visible between wards within highly endemic districts in both provinces. The mean EHF score in cases with disability increased from 1.7 in 2017 to 2.5 in 2020 in Province 1 and fluctuated between 2.3 and 4.5 in Province 7. Conclusions This study shows that the leprosy problem is still current in Nepal. Geographic variations in case detection and disability indicators are seen best when mapping at ward level. Leprosy programme managers can use the maps to develop long-term strategies at district, municipality or ward level that include intensified active case finding, preventive treatment and disability services, while considering costs and efficient use of resources.

Atmospheric neutrinos provide a unique avenue to explore the internal structure of Earth based on weak interactions, which is complementary to seismic studies and gravitational measurements. In this work, we demonstrate that the atmospheric neutrino oscillations in the presence of Earth matter can serve as an important tool to locate the core-mantle boundary (CMB). An atmospheric neutrino detector like the proposed 50 kt magnetized ICAL at INO can observe the core-passing neutrinos efficiently. These neutrinos would have experienced the MSW resonance and the parametric or neutrino oscillation length resonance. The net effect of these resonances on neutrino flavor conversions depends upon the location of CMB and the density jump at that radius. We quantify the capability of ICAL to measure the location of CMB in the context of multiple three-layered models of Earth. For the model where the density and the radius of core are kept flexible while the mass and radius of Earth as well as the densities of outer and inner mantle are fixed, ICAL can determine the location of CMB with a 1$\sigma$ precision of about 250 km with an exposure of 1000 kt$\cdot$yr. With the 81-layered PREM profile, this $1\sigma$ precision would be about 350 km. The charge identification capability of ICAL plays an important role in achieving this precision., Comment: 36 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, and two appendices. A new appendix B with a new figure 11 added to show the sensitivities using the 81-layered PREM profile and some sentences added in the abstract, main text, and summary to discuss these new results. The results obtained without marginalizing over the oscillation parameters in the fit added in table 5. Matches with the published version in JHEP

Use of herbs and plants in cooking and medicinal dates back thousands of years. In this overview, we look at the many plant species that still have immune-boosting and cancer-fighting properties. Carotenoids, flavonoids, ligands, polyphenolics, terpenoids, sulphides, lignans, and plant sterols are only some of the many active phytochemicals found in different types of herbs. There are a number of mechanisms through which these phytochemicals exert their effects. They either prevent cell division or stimulate the synthesis of a protective enzyme such as glutathione transferase. The cancer-fighting and cholesterol-lowering effects of mevalonate are counteracted by the volatile oils and plant extracts from various herbs and plants.

Objectives: This study's objective was to investigate whether or not a methanolic extract of Mallotus japonicas could decrease H+-K+ ATPase activity and neutralise acid. Materials and Methods: We assessed the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the sample while it was exposed to varying amounts of standard esmoprazole and methanol extract. Results: The proton pump inhibitory activity of the extract from stomach mucosal homogenate was found to be significant (*P<0.05) and on par with the standard. Conclusions: Based on these findings, it may be concluded that the proton pump can be effectively blocked by the methanolic extract.

Objectives: This study's objective was to investigate whether or not a methanolic extract of Mallotus japonicas could decrease H+-K+ ATPase activity and neutralise acid. Materials and Methods: We assessed the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the sample while it was exposed to varying amounts of standard esmoprazole and methanol extract. Results: The proton pump inhibitory activity of the extract from stomach mucosal homogenate was found to be significant (*P<0.05) and on par with the standard. Conclusions: Based on these findings, it may be concluded that the proton pump can be effectively blocked by the methanolic extract.

Use of herbs and plants in cooking and medicinal dates back thousands of years. In this overview, we look at the many plant species that still have immune-boosting and cancer-fighting properties. Carotenoids, flavonoids, ligands, polyphenolics, terpenoids, sulphides, lignans, and plant sterols are only some of the many active phytochemicals found in different types of herbs. There are a number of mechanisms through which these phytochemicals exert their effects. They either prevent cell division or stimulate the synthesis of a protective enzyme such as glutathione transferase. The cancer-fighting and cholesterol-lowering effects of mevalonate are counteracted by the volatile oils and plant extracts from various herbs and plants.

Objectives: This study's objective was to investigate whether or not a methanolic extract of Mallotus japonicas could decrease H+-K+ ATPase activity and neutralise acid. Materials and Methods: We assessed the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the sample while it was exposed to varying amounts of standard esmoprazole and methanol extract. Results: The proton pump inhibitory activity of the extract from stomach mucosal homogenate was found to be significant (*P<0.05) and on par with the standard. Conclusions: Based on these findings, it may be concluded that the proton pump can be effectively blocked by the methanolic extract.

Use of herbs and plants in cooking and medicinal dates back thousands of years. In this overview, we look at the many plant species that still have immune-boosting and cancer-fighting properties. Carotenoids, flavonoids, ligands, polyphenolics, terpenoids, sulphides, lignans, and plant sterols are only some of the many active phytochemicals found in different types of herbs. There are a number of mechanisms through which these phytochemicals exert their effects. They either prevent cell division or stimulate the synthesis of a protective enzyme such as glutathione transferase. The cancer-fighting and cholesterol-lowering effects of mevalonate are counteracted by the volatile oils and plant extracts from various herbs and plants.

Precision measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters have provided a tremendous boost to the search for sub-leading effects due to several beyond the Standard Model scenarios in neutrino oscillation experiments. Among these, two of the well-studied scenarios are Lorentz violation (LV) and non-standard interactions (NSI), both of which can affect neutrino oscillations significantly. We point out that, at a long-baseline experiment where the neutrino oscillation probabilities can be well-approximated by using the line-averaged constant matter density, the effects of these two scenarios can mimic each other. This would allow the limits obtained at such an experiment on one of the above scenarios to be directly translated to the limits on the other scenario. However, for the same reason, it would be difficult to distinguish between LV and NSI at a long-baseline experiment. We show that the observations of atmospheric neutrinos, which travel a wide range of baselines and may encounter sharp density changes at the core-mantle boundary, can break this degeneracy. We observe that identifying neutrinos and antineutrinos separately, as can be done at INO-ICAL, can enhance the capability of atmospheric neutrino experiments to discriminate between these two new-physics scenarios., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, 1 appendix. The title changed, an explanatory appendix added, the presentation of figure 6 changed (results unchanged). This version has the same contents as the published article in Physics Letters B

We investigate the properties of stars participating in double compact star merger events considering interacting model of stable strange quark matter. We model the matter making it compatible with the recent astrophysical observations of compact star mass-radius and gravitational wave events. In this context we consider modified MIT bag model and vector bag model with and without self interaction. We find new upper bound on tidal deformability of $1.4~M_\odot$ strange star corresponding to the upper bound of effective tidal deformability inferred from gravitational wave event. Range of compactness of $1.4~M_\odot$ strange star is obtained as ${0.175}\leq{C_{1.4}}\leq{0.199}$. Radius range of $1.5M_\odot$ primary star is deduced to be ${10.57}\leq{R_{1.5}}\leq{12.04}$ km, following stringent GW170817 constraints. GW190425 constraints provide with upper limit on radius of $1.7$ solar mass strange star that it should be less than $13.41$ $\text{km}$., Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables. Corrected some typos, published version