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This study explores humanity’s self-understanding amidst advanced technological development, focusing on the (un)imaginability of android education. The first part traces humanity's rootlessness from the Renaissance to transhumanism. The second part examines the history of imagining and constructing artificial humans. The middle section discusses challenges posed by artificial intelligence and androids to traditional human visions, advocating for critical posthumanism. The final section differentiates two potential scenarios for humans and human-like robots: recognition of equality, mixing, and hybridity. It highlights evolving views on educating artificial beings, from outright rejection to possible integration, though still within sci-fi realms.

Suncokret je sve više ižložen negativnim uticajima klimatskih promena, posebno visokim temperaturama i sušnim periodima, što neretko uzrokuje značajne varijacije i smanjenje prinosa semena. S obzirom na to da se klimatske promene ne mogu zaustaviti, neophodno je identifikovati promene u biljci koje omogućavaju prilagođavanje na ekstremne klimatske uslove i primeniti ova saznanja u procesu oplemenjivanja. Stvaranje novih genotipova tolerantnih na sušu i sve vrste stresa je prioritet u sadašnjem ali i budućem procesu oplemenjivanja biljaka. Postizanje ovog cilja zahteva ispitivanje performanši hibrida na više lokaliteta i u ražlićitim godinama, osiguravajuć i tako pouzdane rezultate i prilagodljivost u promenljivim okolnostima. Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Institut od nacionalnog značaja za Republiku Srbiju, Novi Sad sprovodi svake godine multilokacijske mikro i proizvodne ogleda širom zemlje, testirajući adaptabilnost i stabilnost novih i već raširenih hibrida suncokreta u različitim mikroklimatskim uslovima. Tokom 2023. godine hibridi nove generacije, odnosno dva konvencionalna hibrida (NS Kruna i NS Ronin) i dva Express (SUMO) hibrida (NS H 8002 i NS H 8005) posejani su u osam regiona tj. okruga, kod četiri poljoprivredna proizvođača a u svakom okrugu. Imajući u vidu da je u 2023. godini, prosečan prinos semena suncokreta u Republici Srbiji prema procenama iznošio 2,7 -2,9 t/ha, a kada uporedimo ovu vrednost sa prosečnim prinosima u mreži proizvodnih ogleda osam okruga, jasno se ističe visok kvalitet NS hibrida suncokreta nove generacije. NS Ronin je ostvario izuzetan prinos od 4,2 t/ha, prati ga NS Kruna sa 4 t/ha, dok su SUMO hibridi NS H 8002 i NS H 8005 postigli prinose od 3,7 t/ha i 3,8 t/ha. Rezultati AMMI analize pokazuju da je za prinos semena tokom 2023. godine u proseku kroz sve okruge najstabilniji bio hibrid NS H 8002, sa vrednosć u IPC1 najblizoj nuli. Hibridi NS Kruna, NS Ronin i NS H 8005 su pokazali manju stabilnost, jer su bili udaljeniji o

Bilo da je reč o navodno samoevidentnoj poželjnosti sticanja znanja i njegovoj emancipatorskoj misiji, o doprinosu obrazovanja ustanovljenju uzorne zajednice, o humanističkim i neohumanističkim vizijama čoveka koje obrazovanje smatraju njegovim ključnim svojstvom, oslonjena na nasleđe koliko i na savremene teoretizacije obrazovanja, Kritika prosvetnog uma dosledno demontira „narative“ koje takvim i sličnim koncepcijama leže u osnovi i, zalažući se za ono što se odnedavno naziva multidisciplinarnost i poliperspektivizam, artikuliše slojeve koji samu ideju obrazovanja, kao i njenu „implementaciju”, čine u sebi antinomičnom. Takvo zalaganje, međutim, niukoliko ne treba shvatiti kao odustajanje od nastojanja da se složena konstrukcija (razumevanja) obrazovanja izloži u svoj njenoj diskurzivnoj, istorijskoj i društvenoj polivalentnosti, već kao obnovljen poziv na njeno promišljanje. Vernost tradiciji obrazovanja opravdava tek kardinalno dovođenje u pitanje samog obrazovanja. Ono zahteva polaganje računa o svim ulozima koji su dosad stavljani na obrazovanje i otvorenost za izazove koje globalne opasnosti i nove tehnologije stavljaju pred njega.

The conventional framing of the relation of education and emancipation asks what kind of education is in place, possible, or desirable for some specific emancipatory goal. This question draws on a long and important tradition, advocacy for and sometimes even assumption of education as liberatory. In this view, acquisition of knowledge is ipso facto beneficial. The aim of this text is to probe the nature and viability of the emancipatory potential ascribed to knowledge. To that end, the chapter first sketches a model of the emancipatory conception of education, before calling it into question, that is, criticizing the instrumentalization of education for emancipation. The final considerations revolve around the question whether it is not better to emancipate education from the requirement of emancipation as well, rather than educate having a specific, set emancipatory aim in mind at the outset. Put bluntly—and to give the problem a “dialectic” twist—is it not better to conceive of education not through emancipation, but as emancipation itself, thus equating the terms?

The triangle of crisis-education-emancipation seems to represent a stable both conceptual and historical constant, which then appears in almost countless modes, depending on how those three always co-defining terms are understood. We have offered, a cogent and representative, albeit not all-encompassing or exhaustive, spectrum of these understandings—sometimes they seem so different that it might be more appropriate to talk about all these pivotal concepts in the plural: about educations, emancipations and crises. Nevertheless, we decided to gather them all around or within a processual figure that is marked by the insight into the crisis, the will for emancipation, and the vision of emancipatory or emancipated education. We believe monistic structure and its over-determinants will not cloud the readers’ view of the presented plurality of their manifestations.

Emancipation implies that there exists some kind of docu mented or experienced lack of freedom/equality or some state of slavery or oppression, and represents the act or process of liberation, throwing off the yoke and empowering the subjugated, although the yokes can be very different. It is a voluntary act or process that is often seen as a return to a state of natural freedom from a state of unfreedom. It is an act or process that frees one from the power of another, whether it is slavery, subjugation, dependence or control. The concept gradually evolved to encompass freedom from all forms of oppression. What were once seen as partial “emancipations” have been elevated to a universal call for the “social emancipation” of humanity, championed by reformers and revolutionaries worldwide.

The aim of the experiment was to assess the competitive abilities of three soybean genotypes and selected invasive weeds based on soybean grain yield (t ha1). Field trials with competition between three soybean varieties (NS Apolo, Fortuna, NS Zmaj) and three invasive weeds (Abutilon theophrasti, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Xanthium strumarium) were conducted at Novi Sad (2020-2022). The split split plot design with four replications were used and plot size was 30 m2. Weeds were sown at the same time with densities of 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 weeds per m-1 of soybean row. The three central rows of the plot were used to calculate the soybean grain yield. X. strumarium caused the highest yield losses. Although 2020 was favorable for soybean growth, mean values of grain yield of soybean showed that in some treatments the Fortuna variety was showing higher grain yield compared to NS Apolo and NS Zmaj. Due to the deficit of precipitation in 2021, in the periods when it is necessary for the formation of grain yield and the contribution of other factors, genotypes NS Apolo and NS Zmaj showed higher grain yield than Fortuna. In 2022, which was extremely dry (without enough rainfall during the season), there were no significant differences between genotypes.

Background/Aim. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a strict lockdown in Serbia, the population has experienced drastic lifestyle changes. Physical distancing, self-isolation, limited availability of essential food products, and the stress related to the availability of therapy during the pandemic particularly affected the lives of vulnerable groups, such as breast cancer (BrC) patients. The aim of this study was to examine the changes in eating behaviors and physical activity of postmenopausal BrC patients on adjuvant hormonal therapy under the COVID-19 lockdown conditions. Methods. This observational retrospective pre-post cohort study included 32 women treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) who responded to telephone interviews using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire aims to collect data on eating habits (intake of certain foods on a daily/weekly basis, as well as changes in the usual choice of food), intake of supplements, changes in weight, and physical activity before and during the lockdown. Results. The results showed that, due to problems in obtaining groceries, the patients cooked and consumed homemade sweets and fruit more often (47% of the respondents), while fewer (31%) consumed fresh fish. Nearly 41% of patients reported increased food intake, and 88% reported decreased physical activity, which led to an increase in body weight in as many as 47% of subjects. The intake of supplements was doubled. Conclusion. The COVID-19 lockdown with home confinement exacerbated health risks and affected dietary patterns and physical activity, which may have had a negative impact on the long-term health of BrC patients treated with AIs.

Trypsin is the main protease in the intestine. Microplastics (MPs) have been previously shown to interact with and decrease the activity of some digestive enzymes, including pepsin and lipase. Red meat has been shown to be a source of allergy which has been linked to the galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-Gal) post-translational modification of proteins. Our aim was to investigate the effect of two types of MPs commonly found in the environment – polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) – on the digestion of protein in beef meat extract and preservation of protein harboring the alpha-Gal epitope. Digestion of beef meat extract has been performed with trypsin in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) in the presence of MPs. After digestion was stopped with a specific inhibitor, bulk beef meat extract was separated through centrifugation from the MPs. Soft coronas were obtained by washing the MPs with SIF. The hard corona was obtained by addition of a reducing buffer for electrophoresis sample preparation to the MPs with a heating step at 95°C. All samples were analyzed with SDS-PAG electrophoresis. Selected samples were further analyzed with anti-alpha-Gal antibodies using western blot. There is an observable difference between the digestion patterns of meat extract after 1 and 2 h of digestion in the presence of MPs compared to the control. Evolution of digestion is similar for both types of MPs, without regard to plastic type. It has also been confirmed that preserved proteins possess the alpha-Gal modification. As MPs presence does not change trypsin specific activity, the change in digestion pattern is presumed to be due to steric effects and/or interplay of enzyme/protein in the corona. This study suggests that MPs presence influences trypsin digestibility of meat proteins, including alpha-Gal-bearing allergens.

In spatial computing, data-driven systems process vast data but face challenges due to complex algorithms and growing datasets, necessitating hardware scaling with higher costs. Compression is able to optimize memory and computational efficiency by removing unimportant information within the data. This is essential for edge computing, therefore, it is necessary to investigate the role of compression in spatial computing. Results show that compression improves systems efficiency at comparable small costs in accuracy, enabling edge computing in constrained environments., Im Spatial Computing verarbeiten datengetriebene Systeme große Datenmengen, stehen jedoch vor Herausforderungen aufgrund komplexer Algorithmen und wachsender Datensätze. Kompression optimiert die Speicher- und Recheneffizienz indem unwichtige Informationen entfernt werden. Das ist entscheidend für das Edge Computing, daher ist die Rolle der Kompression im Spatial Computing zu untersuchen. Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Kompression die Effizienz datengetriebener Systeme verbessert, bei vergleichsweise geringen Verlusten von Genauigkeit.

Dario Fo, the Italian playwright and Nobelist, allegedly proposed an anthropological-political dichotomy between proponents of change and those who resist it, that is those who believe in change and those who do not. The former would be followers of Heraclitus, and the latter of Plato. However, history tells us also that the Ephesian aristocrat, Heraclitus, misanthropically withdrew from society, disillusioned with his fellow citizens, while the Athenian aristocrat, Plato, challenging prevailing norms, actively sought to influence political thought and shape politicians of his time, both in Syracuse and Athens. This prompts an examination of whether or not this dichotomy accurately reflects Heraclitus’s and Plato’s teachings, and allows a possible perspective on whether or not similar distinctions and parallels can also be valid when it comes to some authors in odern times. Moreover, we aim to explore how change advocacy and engagement intersects with belief in change, and under what conditions, from the philosophical perspective, disbelief in changes and active resistance to them is or could be meaningful.

Pojam industrije Holokausta nema univerzalno prihvaćeno značenje. Za neke se koncept odnosi na proliferaciju studija Holokausta na univerzitetima, kao i filmova i knjiga sa ovom tematikom. Za druge on označava situaciju u kojoj je Holokaust postao idealan mamac za prikupljanje novčanih sredstava unutar i izvan jevrejskih zajednica, kao i za privlačenje publike i lukrativni „mračni“ turizam. Nadalje, on većini signalizira da je reč o opštoj trivijalizaciji i banalizaciji Holokausta kroz popularnu i masovnu kulturu. Neki, najzad, smatraju da je u „industriji Holokausta“ naprosto reč o velikom broju raznolikih primera zloupotrebe sećanja na Holokaust zarad ličnih ili političkih ciljeva.

As a functional extraction medium, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) can dissolve various plant metabolites. Those solvents provide untapped potential for creating novel green extracts with distinctive phytochemical signatures and unique biological activities. This is particularly relevant given the rising need for eco-friendly and sustainable skin care products. The main aim of this work was to optimize the most efficient natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) for extracting bioactives from 18 medicinal herbs applicable to the cosmetic industry. Selection of the most potent herbs involved assessing their conventional extracts for tyrosinase inhibition, antioxidant activity, and keratinocyte cytotoxicity. Moreover, we analyzed the phenolic profile using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS) and spectrophotometric assays such as total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC). Using the COSMO-RS method, we modeled the solubility of 12 phenolics in 64 virtual NADESs and selected the 7 most promising ones for further experimental validation. NADESs, including betaine-urea, betaine-proline, and betaine-lysine, were computationally chosen and demonstrated the highest levels of TPC and antioxidative capacity, as confirmed by in vitro assays. The proposed combination of NADES herbal extracts represents a promising natural constituent for the cosmetic industry.

Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative agent of charcoal rot, affects a wide array of plant hosts, including sunflower. This disease thrives in warm, arid conditions, leading to symptoms such as the wilting, drying, and premature ripening of sunflower plants. This study aims to explore the biochemical responses of 15 inbred lines, each exhibiting varying levels of resistance, to uncover potential correlations between resistance levels and biochemical reactions in sunflower inbred lines. The investigation focused on: total protein content (TPC), lipid peroxidation intensity as a marker of membrane integrity (LP), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide-dismutase activity (SOD), and total phenolic content as antioxidant compounds (TP). These parameters were assessed 10 days following the laboratory inoculation of inbred lines with the pathogen and compared with disease severity. Correlations between resistance levels and the results of these five assays were analyzed in conjunction with disease severity observed in the inbred lines. Remarkably, after the 10-day assessment period, only the total phenolic content showed a significant positive correlation with the resistance of inbred lines (r=0.712; p<0.05). This finding identified inbred lines PB 21 and L 1 as the most resilient among the tested varieties. It was observed that different inbred lines exhibit distinct responses to M. phaseolina. However, in the majority of cases, an increase in total phenolic content was noted in sunflower plants following inoculation. This suggests a potential defensive mechanism triggered by the pathogen. Further studies can analyze more precisely into the molecular intricacies of sunflower resistance to charcoal rot and validate these findings across broader genetic backgrounds.

Oplemenjivanje suncokreta je kontinuirani proces dizajniran da poveća nivo prinosa i poboljša otpornost na biotičke i abiotičke stresove. Oplemenjivači su bili uspešni u proizvodnji velikog broja sorti koristeći konvencionalne metode oplemenjivanja koje se razlikuju u zavisnosti od vrste. Pojava novih tehnika, kao što je genomska selekcija i izmena genoma, zajedno sa efikasnim platformama za fenotipizaciju, utrle su put efikasnijem unošenju poželjnih osobina. Novi pristupi u genotipizaciji i fenotipizaciji omogućili su efikasnije prikupljanje podataka za identifikaciju kvantitativnih svojstava i objašnjenje genetske osnove agronomski važnih osobina. Stvaranje genotipova suncokreta otpornih na promene klime može doprineti ublažavanju negativnog uticaja koje poljoprivredna proizvodnja ima na životnu sredinu, poput intenzivnog iskorišćavanja voda i emisije gasova staklene bašte, dok s druge strane obezbeđuje resurse za stabilnu poljoprivrednu proizvodnju. U radu je dat pregled novih pristupa i koraka u oplemenjivanju suncokreta i stvaranju genotipova tolerantnih na promene klime, uz osvrt na aktivnosti u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo vezane za njihovu primenu u NS oplemenjivačkom programu., Sunflower breeding is a continuous process designed to increase yield levels and improve resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Breeders have been successful in producing a large number of varieties using conventional breeding methods that vary by species. The emergence of new techniques, such as genomic selection and genome editing, together with efficient phenotyping platforms, have paved the way for more efficient introduction of desirable traits. New approaches in genotyping and phenotyping have enabled more efficient data collection to identify quantitative traits and explain the genetic basis of agronomically important traits. The creation of sunflower genotypes resistant to climate change can contribute to mitigating the negative impact that agricultural production has on the environment, such as intensive water depletion and greenhouse gas emissions, while on the other hand providing resources for stable agricultural production. The paper provides an overview of new approaches and steps in sunflower breeding and the creation of genotypes tolerant to climate changes, with a review of the activities at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops related to their application in the NS breeding program.

This work aimed to assess the potential of thermal treatments for controlling P. interpunctella on sunflower seeds, based on its tolerance to high/elevated temperatures and effect on seed vitality. The tests involved mature larvae (L5) and pupae, exposed to 35, 40, 42, 44, 45, 50, 55 and 60 °C, for 15 and 30 min, and 1, 2, 6, 24, 48 h. Larval mortality and survival, Probyt analysis, developmental dynamics, longevity analysis, progeny production and the effect on sunflower seed vitality (germination energy and germination) were assessed. Larval mortality of 75.9% was achieved after 30 min of exposure at 44 °C, 77.0% at 45 °C after 15 min, and 100% after 45 min. At 60 and 65 °C total mortality was achieved already after 15 min of exposure. Lethal exposure time (LT50) needed to kill 50% of larval population was 15 min at 44.2 °C, 30 min at 43.3 °C, 45 min at 42.1 °C or 41.8 °C at 60 min, respectively. LT90 can be achieved after 15 min of exposure at 45.2 °C, 30 min at 44.3 °C, 45 min at 43.3 °C, or 60 min at 42.1 °C. Pupal LT50 was 15 min at 56.7 °C, 30 min at 53.1 °C, 45 min at 52.4 °C or 60 min at 52.2 °C, while LT90 was 15 min at 59.7 °C, 30 min at 56.3 °C, 45 min at 56.1 °C or 60 min at 55.6 °C. The fastest development, and the highest progeny production was in treatments when the parenteral population was exposed to 40 °C for 1, 2 and 6 h. The developmental duration was significantly shortened when parenteral population was exposed to 40 °C for 48 h. The temperature and exposure did affect the duration of the adult life stage only when exposed for 2, 3, 6, 24 and 48 h to 40 °C. The germination of sunflower seed (86.7%) was inhibited by heat at 45 °C when exposed for 24 h.

Suncokret je stranooplodna entomofilna biljka i za uspešnu proizvodnju semena neophodno je prisustvo polinatora. Ispitivan je uticaj uslova oplodnje na elemente prinosa. U slobodnoj oplodnji prinos semena po glavi je u proseku za 12 genotipova u 2 godine ispitivanja bio za 72,13% veći u odnosu na uslove samooplodnje, masa 1000 semena je bila za 10,08% manja a sadržaj ulja veći za gotovo 6%. Uslovi oplodnje značajno utiču na sadržaj ulja što potvrđuje i Spirmanov koeficijent korelacije rangova genotipova po sadržaju ulja u dva tipa oplodnje koji je veoma nizak (Sccr = 0,1119). Na posetu utiču sadržaj nektara, količina i kvalitet polena, dužina krunice, boja cveta i drugi faktori atraktivnosti, ali je veći uticaj faktora spoljašnje sredine i primenjenih agrotehničkih mera., The sunflower is an entomophilous plant, and the presence of pollinators is necessary for successful seed production. The influence of fertilization conditions on yield elements was examined. In open pollination, the seed yield per head was on average 72.13% higher for 12 genotypes in 2 years of testing compared to self-fertilization conditions, the weight of 1000 seeds was 10.08% lower and the oil content was almost 6% higher. Fertilization conditions significantly affect the oil content, which is confirmed by Spearman's coefficient of correlation of genotype ranks by oil content in two types of fertilization, which is very low (Scer = 0.1119). The visit is influenced by the content of nectar, the quantity and quality of pollen, the length of the corolla, the color of the flower and other factors of attractiveness, but the factors of the external environment and applied agrotechnical measures have a greater influence.

Inspired by our finding that metallic Ni particles could be uniformly distributed on a reduced CeO2 surface and stabilized on Ce3+ sites, we suppose a possible improvement in the activity and selectivity of the MgNi/SiO2 vegetable oil hydrogenation catalyst by increasing the surface metal Ni availability via modification by ceria. The proposed approach involved the addition of a CeO2 modifier to the SiO2 carrier and as a catalyst component. Evaluation of the structure, reducibility, and surface and electronic states of the CeO2-doped MgNi/SiO2 catalyst was performed by means of the Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combined with High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen (H2-TPR), and H2-chemisortion techniques. So far, no studies related to this approach of designing Ni/SiO2 catalysts for the partial hydrogenation of vegetable oil have been reported. The added ceria impact was elucidated by comparing fatty acid compositions obtained by the catalysts at an iodine value of 80. In summary, tuning the hydrogenation performance of Ni-based catalysts can be achieved by structural reconstruction using 1 wt.% CeO2. The introduction mode changed the selectivity towards C18:1-cis and C18:0 fatty acids by applying ceria as a carrier modifier, while hydrogenation activity was improved upon ceria operation as the catalyst dopant.

The aim of the study was to point out the importance of recognizing non-accidental injuries (NAI) and to highlight the importance of reporting such cases, as well as prosecuting the perpetrators, in order to detect potentially existing violence or prevent future violence in society. A total of 338 dogs and 54 cats were submitted for necropsy. Out of 338 dogs examined, 175 (51.8%) died due to non-natural cause of death, 122 from natural causes (36.1%), and 35 (10.3%) due to accidental injuries, and in 6 cases (1.8%) the cause and manner of death were undetermined due to advanced post-mortal changes. Out of 54 examined cats, 21 died due to non-natural causes (38.9%) and the same number of cats died due to natural causes. The prevalence of accidental injuries resulting in death were 20.4% (n = 11) and in 1.8% (n = 1) the manner of death remained indeterminate. The high number of animals confirmed to have died from unnatural causes in this study highlights the need for greater involvement from the police, prosecution, and society as a whole to reduce the number of violent animal deaths in the future.

Three-dimensional hierarchical porous carbons (HPCs) created through hydrothermal carbonization and the subsequent chemical activation of miscanthus were tested as adsorbents of Pb2+ and methylene blue from the aqueous solution. The HPC pore structure was customized using various hydrochar precursors obtained through a longer reaction time and by adding acetic acid. HPC obtained from hydrochar derived from acetic acid’s addition exhibited the highest specific surface area due to a larger micropore volume. This adsorbent proved to be the most efficient in removing lead from aqueous solutions. The Langmuir isotherm best described the lead adsorption process onto HPC with qm = 155.6 mg g−1 and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. HPC obtained from hydrochar produced with a longer reaction time exhibited improved methylene blue adsorption properties. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm best described the experimental data. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity for methylene blue was 316.0 mg g−1. The type of hydrochar significantly impacted the yield and physical structure of HPCs, while having a lesser effect on the composition of surface functional groups. The results revealed the binding mechanism of each pollutant, highlighting the importance of biomass pretreatment on the structure of the resulting HPC and its effectiveness in water purification.

Jedan od načina mjerenja kvalitete pružene zdravstvene skrbi jest procjena zadovoljstva iz perspektive korisnika. Dosadašnja istraživanja pokazala su da ove procjene determinira veći broj različitih čimbenika, među kojima su i neke socio-demografske i osobne karakteristike korisnika. Međutim, efekti ovih čimbenika su često posredni, a njihovi međusobni odnosi isprepleteni. Stoga je cilj ovoga istraživanja bio ispitati zadovoljstvo korisnika pruženom zdravstvenom uslugom liječnika opće i obiteljske medicine kod kroničnih i akutnih bolesnika, vodeći računa o značajnim kovarijatama njihovih procjena. U ispitivanju je sudjelovao 291 sudionik/korisnik opće i obiteljske medicine oba spola, prosječne dobi od 42,5 godine. Osim kratkog upitnika o glavnim socio-demografskim obilježjima i pitanjima vezanim uz razloge i učestalost posjeta liječniku, primijenjen je i međunarodno standardizirani mjerni instrument za procjenu kvalitete opće/obiteljske/primarne zaštite u Europi; EUROPEP upitnik. Od ispitivanih karakteristika korisnika, značajnim kovarijatima procjene zadovoljstva zdravstvenom skrbi izdvojili su se dob, učestalost posjeta liječniku i postojanje kroničnog oboljenja. Pozitivnije procjene vezane su uz višu dob korisnika i učestalije posjete liječniku. Korisnici s kroničnim bolestima daju pozitivnije ocjene za sve ispitivane aspekte kvalitete zdravstvene skrbi od strane liječnika opće i obiteljske medicine. Međutim, ove razlike se ne mogu ciljano pripisati zdravstvenom statusu korisnika, već posrednom efektu dobi bolesnika, koji se pokazao ključnom determinantom procijenjenog zadovoljstva. Iznimka je poznavanje tegoba od strane liječnika, gdje efekt postojanja kronične bolesti i nakon kontrole kovarijata (dob i učestalost posjeta) ostaje i dalje značajan.

This study investigates the production of activated carbon from corn cobs, an abundant agricultural waste, using physical activation. Corn cobs were carbonized at 900°C under nitrogen, followed by activation at 850°C with CO2. Morphological analysis showed a well-developed pore structure postactivation. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms classified both samples as type I, predominantly microporous, with the activated carbon exhibiting a higher specific surface area (883 m²/g) compared to the carbonized sample (207 m²/g). The adsorption capacity for methylene blue demonstrated superior performance of activated carbon, achieving 95% adsorption within 10 minutes. This research highlights the potential of corn cobs for sustainable activated carbon production, promoting waste minimization and environmental protection through effective biomass recycling for applications in water remediation and pollution control.

Sunflower is the third largest oil crop and in 2023 it was grown on over 28 million hectares in the world. With the discovery of the CMS source in 1969, sunflower hybrids began to be created. The first commercial hybrids based on CMS were registered in Romania, in 1974 and in Yugoslavia, in 1978. It is estimated that hybrids are grown on around 85% of the total sunflower planting area today, and the remaining 15% are still landrace varieties, mostly of the confectionery type. Therefore, the requirement for hybrid sunflower seeds in the world today is around 120 million kg (about 12 million bags of 150,000 grains). To reach to this amount, the sunflower will be with an average yield of 700 kg/ha of processed seeds, it is necessary to plant sunflower with area about 170,000 ha. The total commercial hybrid sunflower seed production is estimated at USD 2 billion today. The production of hybrid sunflower seeds today is exposed to many new challenges. Global climate change facilitate warming environmentally, thus make drought and stormy winds occurrence. By monitoring the daily dynamics of bee visits, we determined that the maximum number of visits occurs at air temperatures between 20 and 28℃, and air humidity of 40-50%. In recent years, the average temperature in Serbia has increased by nearly 2℃ compared to the multi-year average. This has a negative effect on the vitality of pollen and fertilization, as well as on the visit of bees, so the recommendations for supplying beehives have increased from 2 to 4/ha. Bees are the most important pollinators for sunflower and on average make up 71% of the total visit (in some years over 90%), the insects is mainly from the Syrfidae family (19% of visits), bumblebees (8%) and butterflies (2%), whose populations are constantly decreasing. Due to the increase in the sunflower planting area, it is increasingly difficult to ensure spatial isolation of insects, it decreases to 500 m in many countries, and this already leads to increas

Charcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, is a soil-borne plant pathogen, and presents a significant threat to sunflower cultivation, impacting regions across the globe, particularly under drought stress. This disease can substantially decrease sunflower seed yields, with yield reductions of around 20% potentially reaching up to 90% in severe cases. Limited information about the inheritance of charcoal rot resistance is available to sunflower breeders. To study the inheritance of charcoal rot disease resistance in sunflower. We developed two distinct populations of totaling 200 genotypes from the F2 generation of sunflowers for genetic and molecular screening. The first population originated from crossing inbred lines AB OR 8 and PB 21, while the second is from crossing VL A 8 PR and AB OR 8. Notably, AB OR 8 is classified as a highly susceptible line, whereas PB 21 and VL A 8 PR were resistant. The segregation ratio was investigated in F3 populations using the cut-stem method of inoculation. Based on the obtained data, it was determined that the resistance to M. phaseolina in sunflower does not correspond to the theoretical segregation pattern, indicating the presence of more than two genes involved in inheritance of resistance. For the analysis of resistance QTLs, we exploited SSR markers that were equally distributed throughout the sunflower genome. The majority of significantly associated SSR resistance markers were not common to the two mapping populations, except for two, OR S995 and ORS1265, which displayed consistent efficacy across both populations, suggesting their potential as robust indicators. Future research should explore these markers further, as well as include more markers, particularly in larger population samples, to validate their utility comprehensively

The sunflower is a significant oil crop that can be cultivated in various environmental conditions. Due to the changing climate, the pathogen profile has been altered, posing a threat to sunflower production. Among the various threats, charcoal rot, caused by the soil-borne fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, is one of the most significant pathogen. This study aimed to investigate the resistance of 80 sunflower inbred lines to this pathogen using two inoculation methods and naturally infested area under field conditions in two years, 2019 and 2020. The results showed that both inoculation methods and occurrence of disease in naturally infested area (DNI) effectively differentiated between resistant and susceptible inbred lines, with the toothpick method being the most effective. Thirteen inbred lines were resistant according to all inoculation methods, and the others were moderately resistant moderately susceptible or susceptible regarding to inoculation method. The study identified five inbred lines (Ha 74, L1, LIV 10, MA SC 2 and PB 21) as the most resistant, making them important sources for breeding sunflower hybrids resistant to M. phaseolina. Their resistance was confirmed in 2020, highlighting their potential to combat the impact of climate change on sunflower production. This study represents a valuable insight into the control of M. phaseolina using sunflower resistant genotypes, especially since resistance findings have been lacking in other plant species.

This study focuses on optimizing carbon/epoxy laminate configurations to maximize the flutter speed of composite structures using a Fast Tree Regression algorithm. Initially, a seed dataset was created, using finite element method (FEM) modal analysis for common stack-ups used in composite fins and UAV components. The FEM analysis, based on the Lanczos algorithm for extracting modal frequencies in bending and torsion, was verified through experimental modal analysis using an AS-4/3501-6 composite system. Custom software was developed to interface with the FEA modal software, enabling the generation and augmentation of laminate dataset scenarios. The seed dataset was expanded until the coefficient of determination (R2) reached at least 0.95. Various regression algorithms, including Fast Forest Regression, Fast Tree Regression, Sdca Regression, and Lbfgs Poisson Regression, were evaluated. The Fast Tree Regression algorithm was selected for further analysis due to its superior performance. This algorithm was applied to a design space of nearly 2000 potential laminate candidates, focusing on symmetric lay-ups to avoid undesirable coupling between bending and torsion in UAV and missile control surfaces. The final optimized lay-ups, exhibit the highest Delta function values (the squared difference of modal frequencies in torsion and bending), indicating the expected highest flutter speeds. The results demonstrate the efficacy of tailored composite materials in achieving specific aerodynamic performance goals.

This study deepens the relationship between posthumanism and education, viewing posthumanism beyond technological advancement and education beyond institutional instruction. It begins by depicting the dehumanizing experiences within humanizing schooling processes, discussing how modern education, driven by self-realization and progress, has led to exploitation, environmental degradation, and physical and mental issues. The current educational paradigm, influenced by neoliberal values and technocratic goals, commodifies learning and prioritizes technical improvements. Contrary to a transhumanist belief in technology's power, this study advocates for a posthumanist, process-oriented education – compassionate, creative, and context-sensitive – reimagining schools as spaces for communal and more-than-human development.

This collection delves into the ongoing debates spanning decades on the intricate interplay between posthumanism, the posthuman age, and education. Featuring authors from diverse backgrounds and theoretical perspectives, the chapters explore a spectrum of themes – from technophilia to technophobia, transhumanism to humanism, and Bildung tradition to new materialism – illuminating key dimensions of education in what is heralded as a new and distinct era. At the heart of these discussions is an exploration of whether this era truly marks a radical departure and how it influences educational practices. The chapters offer arguments both supporting and challenging these ideas, advocating for critical reflection and a fresh perspective on human experience and contemporary education. The collection suggests a creative and considerate approach to children's learning and learning with children, which would not only respond to the challenges of imposed circumstances but also suggest active work on the desirable construction of new ones.

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are frequently implemented without taking the system’s perspective into account and with the main focus on technical and economic issues of implementation. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis on the potential synergistic effects between circularity and NBS to holistically tackle urban challenges. The main objective is to establish preliminary insights on the obstacles and perspectives of NBS integration and implementation, through a questionnaire set up by the network of experts gathered within the COST Action CA17133 Circular City. The following research questions arise: (i) what differences exist in the level of NBS application according to the variance of engaged countries; and (ii) what are the main obstacles and perspectives for the NBS implementation in order to holistically tackle urban challenges, enhancing the sustainable connection among urban environment, nature, and human well-being. To go beyond the current state-of-the-art and reflect on the research conducted within the Circular City Action, this study aims to open a multi-geographical academic dialogue across Europe and beyond and to move towards a holistic approach to circular cities. Accordingly, this study is: (1) multi-geographical and context-based, providing input for thirty-three EU countries and four non-EU countries to give an overview of the main obstacles and perspectives of NBS implementation, and (2) approach-directed, aiming to formulate a holistic approach to deal with societal challenges. This document intends to provide qualitative and quantitative insight into the potentials and obstacles of NBS implementation in Europe, as well as to motivate further discussion and research to achieve holistic and sustainable cities.

This research introduces a new approach using zeolite ZSM-5 (Z) as formaldehyde (FA) scavenger in urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins, while simultaneously investigating and comparing the structural influence of Z and bentonite (B) on different properties of UF composite. ZSM-5 and bentonite were used to modify the in situ synthesized UF resin with a low formaldehyde/urea (FA/U) molar ratio (0.8), to reduce the free FA content in the UF resin. The fillers and modified UF composites were characterized using XRD, FTIR, TGA, DTG, and DTA. The surface of fillers and modified UF resins was observed using SEM. The content of free FA, determined by the sulfite method, for the sample UF/Z composite, was 0.06%, while for the sample UF/B composite was 0.18%. After acid hydrolysis, the content of released FA was similar for both modified resins (4.08% for UF/Z and 4.80% for UF/B). This slight difference indicates a better hydrolytic stability of UF/Z. Analysis of thermal stability showed that UF/Z starts to degrade at a higher temperature, which, together with the values of released FA, indicates that UF resin modified with ZSM-5 is thermally and hydrolytically more stable compared to the UF/B composite. The obtained results suggest that ZSM-5 with its microporous structure contributes better to improving the properties of UF resins than bentonite with its layered structure.

In this study contrast properties for computed tomography (CT) of two tungstate-containing molecules differing in size, shape, and structure: Keggin type polyoxometalate, 12-tungstosilicic acid, WSiA and sodium tungstate, Na2WO4, were assessed in vitro. In this aim, X-ray attenuation was monitored in vitro at different tungsten concentrations in the range of 3.125-100 mM. A stronger X-ray attenuation was observed for Na2WO4 in the presence of the same tungsten concentrations. In addition, both Na2WO4 and WSiA demonstrated better contrast performance compared to iodine-based iohexol solution, which has been widely applied as a contrast agent for CT. Accordingly, tungsten-containing compounds deserve attention as promising new-generation CT contrast candidates. Thus, future studies should be directed to the synthesis of novel tungsten molecules of different structures resulting in appropriate contrast and low toxicity.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro contrast properties of a synthesized Wells-Dawson P2W17O61)2]·19H2O (Hf-WD 1:2), as a potential contrast agent for computed tomography (CT). X-ray attenuation was determined in vitro in the presence of increasing tungsten concentrations (3.125-100 mM) of Hf-WD 1:2. In order to compare the contrast properties of the tungsten-containing Hf-WD 1:2 with a commercially available CT contrast agent that has been used in clinical practice, X-ray attenuation was presented for the same iodine concentrations of iodine-based iohexol solution as well. Higher HU values for particular concentrations were obtained for Hf-WD 1:2 in comparison with those determined for the standard iohexol. Thus, the studied Hf-WD 1:2 POM could be considered a promising contrast agent candidate for CT. Nevertheless, further development of Hf-WD 1:2 as a potential CT contrast requires additional CT studies in vivo and relevant toxicity studies in vitro and in vivo as well.

Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) is a material from the calcium phos-phate group with a crystal structure similar to hydroxyapatite. The removal process of lead and cadmium in aqueous solution using octacalcium phosphate material was investigated. OCP material was synthesized by the solution pre-cipitation method. The structural and phase properties of OCP before and after the removal process were determined by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Microstructural and semi-quantitative analysis of the material was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Characteristic bands and functional group determination were revealed using the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR). As target pollutants, Cd(II) and Pb(II) were chosen in adsorption experiments. Results show that OCP in the first 10 min has a very fast removal rate for Pb(II); the equilibrium state was reached after 10 min with more than 98 % adsorption efficiency. Results for Cd(II), results showed the same removal rate but somewhat lower adsorption efficiency, amounted to approximately 63 %.

Upotreba rendgenskih i ultrazvučnih aparata je sve više zastupljena u dijagnostici patoloških stanja respiratornog i kardiovaskularnog sistema malih životinja. U slučajevima torakalne traume, kašlja, stridora, disanja na usta i regurgitacije hrane, kao i pojave groznice, dispnoje, tahipnoje i cijanoze sluznica, indikovano je sprovođene rendgenske i/ili ehokardiografske dijagnostike. Ove metode su komplementarne i uz rezultate kliničkog i laboratorijskog pregleda, pružaju dovoljno podataka za postavljanje validne dijagnoze. Zbog svoje neinvazivnosti i relativno brzog i jednostavnog izvođenja, moguće ih je višekratno ponavljati, što omogućava praćenje napredovanja bolesti i procenjivanje efekata primenjene terapije. U okviru ove radionice, polaznici će se upoznati sa tehnikama rendgenskog snimanja toraksa i ehokardiografskog pregleda. Detaljno će biti opisana anatomija respiratornih organa i srca u rendgenskoj, odnosno ultrazvučnoj slici. Pored toga, biće prikazana i brojna patološka stanja koja se na ovim organima sreću u svakodnevnoj kliničkoj praksi.

The aim of this study was to establish two new methods for measuring the tibial plateau angle (TPA): proximal tibial circle (PTC) as well as full tibial circle (FTC) method, and to test their reliability in comparison to the classical method (CM). Three radiologists implemented each method, and measurements were repeated three times. The results of consecutive measurements obtained by two observers had excellent reliability with an interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) greater than 0.9 for all methods, while measurements obtained by the third observer had good reliability for the CM (ICC=0.885) and PTC method (ICC=0.851). The results obtained by the three observers for all methods indicate good reliability for the PTC and FTC methods (ICC=0.848 and 0.880, respectively) and excellent reliability for CM (ICC = 0.909); the results of the different observers for each method were not significantly different. The significant difference resulting from the applied measurement method (ICC = 0.447 and P<0.01) was confirmed. Statistically significant differences were not found between the CM and PTC method (P>0.05), while differences between the PTC and FTC, as well as CM and FTC methods, were statistically significant (P<0.01). New methods for TPA measurements based on shorter tibial axes may be an alternative to a method based on the full-length axis. A high correlation between the methods indicates the precision of each of them. Newly established methods can be used when the tarsal joint is not included in radiographs or is affected by degenerative changes, making use of the classical method not possible.

Organobentonites have been applied for the removal of two common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ibuprofen (IBU) and diclofenac sodium (DS), from aqueous solutions. Two surfactants, one with and the other without benzyl group (octadecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, ODMBA, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, HDTMA), in amounts equivalent to 50, 75, and 100% of the cation exchange capacity of bentonite were used for the preparation of organobentonites. Successful modification of bentonite was confirmed by several methods: X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), point of the zero charge (pHPZC), determination of exchanged inorganic cations in bentonite, determination of textural properties, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Kinetic and thermodynamic data on the adsorption of IBU and DS showed that drug adsorption was controlled by the type and the amount of surfactant incorporated into the bentonite and by their arrangement in the interlayer space and at the surface of organobentonites. The adsorption of both drugs increased with an increase in the amount of both surfactants in organobentonites. The presence of the benzyl group in organobentonites enhanced the adsorption of IBU and DS and was more pronounced for IBU. Drug adsorption fits the pseudo-second-order kinetic model the best. The thermodynamic data revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic in nature and with increase of the amount of both surfactants drug adsorption processes were more spontaneous. The results obtained from this study revealed that adsorbents based on surfactants modified bentonite are promising candidates for IBU and DS removal from contaminated water.

Reuse and/or recycling of spent adsorbents is taking a central role in modern thinking and catalyzed carbonization is the way forward. Herein we explore the carbonization of adsorbed acetamiprid, in an inert atmosphere, as a way of recycling and producing nitrogen-rich carbon material for potential use in supercapacitors. Added value material and the reuse of the adsorbent were achieved by carbonization at 700 °C under argon. The formation of a nitrogen-doped carbon layer as an active material on the adsorbent, bonded through a C-Si linkage, has been conclusively verified through elemental composition quantification using XPS and EDX measurements. Two-stage catalytic decomposition and condensation of the adsorbed pesticide is followed by TGA and TPD-MS. Attained carbon-based materials give stable Faradaic capacitance with a slight dependency on the number of adsorbing cycles. Capacitance calculated with respect to the adlayer carbon material reaches values as high as 610 F g−1. Galvanostatic Charge/Discharge measurement confirmed the stability of explored materials with a slight increase in capacitance over 1000 cycles. The presented results envisage electroactive materials preparation from environmental pollutants, adding value to spent adsorbents.

In this study, a cost-effective sandwich ELISA test, based on polyclonal antibodies, for routine quantification SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein was developed. The recombinant N protein was produced and used for the production of mice and rabbit antisera. Polyclonal N protein-specific antibodies served as capture and detection antibodies. The prototype ELISA has LOD 0.93 ng/mL and LOQ 5.3 ng/mL, with a linear range of 1.52–48.83 ng/mL. N protein heat pretreatment (56 °C, 1 h) decreased, while pretreatment with 1% Triton X-100 increased analytical ELISA sensitivity. The diagnostic specificity of ELISA was 100% (95% CI, 91.19–100.00%) and sensitivity was 52.94% (95% CI, 35.13–70.22%) compared to rtRT-PCR (Ct < 40). Profoundly higher sensitivity was obtained using patient samples mostly containing Wuhan-similar variants (Wuhan, alpha, and delta), 62.50% (95% CI, 40.59 to 81.20%), in comparison to samples mostly containing Wuhan-distant variants (Omicron) 30.00% (6.67–65.25%). The developed product has relatively high diagnostic sensitivity in relation to its analytical sensitivity due to the usage of polyclonal antibodies from two species, providing a wide repertoire of antibodies against multiple N protein epitopes. Moreover, the fast, simple, and inexpensive production of polyclonal antibodies, as the most expensive assay components, would result in affordable antigen tests.

S1.1. Checking of N protein purity Recombinant N protein purity was checked after imidazole removal and buffer exchange by SDS PAGE (Figure 6.). For comparison, commercial high-purity HSA was also analyzed. S1.2. Identification of N protein Tandem mass spectrometry identification of proteins in an in-gel digested band of N protein (Figure S1, lane 3), confirmed the identity of N protein with high scores and peptide coverage (Fig. S2.). S2. Purification of polyclonal antibodies from mice and rabbit sera For the development of an ELISA test specific for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 N protein, recombinantly produced N protein was used for the immunization of mice and rabbits. Sera obtained from rabbits and mice were then tested for titer and specificity (Figure S3 and Figure 1). To determine the titer of polyclonal sera required to detect N protein in samples, we use wells coated with N protein and serial dilution of sera pools from different animals. After multiple washing steps, we detected the binding of rabbit and mice antibodies using secondary biotinylated antibodies and streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase chimaera or secondary antibodies with previously coupled alkaline phosphatase, where the amount of enzymes’ substrate converted to the product was measured as an increase in absorbance at 405 nm. As shown in Figure S3A, unpurified sera pools from both animals showed very high titers and expected logarithmic decrease of signal with dilution. Based on the obtained data titer for unpurified sera was determined to be X. The same trend was observed for pools purified using AS precipitation and rabbit sera purified using protein A affinity chromatography (Figure S3B and S3C). As shown in Figure S3D, clear bands from antibodies could be observed in both full and purified samples. Western blot analysis showed only one protein band on mass around 40 kDa, a Accession number / Protein Name Score Coverage (%) Unique peptides P0DTC9|NCAP_SARS2 Nucleoprotein OS=Severe acute res

In all developed countries, an efficient livestock and cattle production sector is required to ensure a consistent supply of high-quality food. According to recent publications, the global livestock business accounts for 14.5% of total anthropogenic emissions, with the cattle sector contributing to 65%. Although it contributes to total emissions, the livestock sector has the potential to mitigate climate change by 14% to 41%. It is important to emphasize that the animal production sector is critical to food production, which is essential to human survival. However, the reliability of these estimations is frequently called into question. There is currently a particularly active campaign against the livestock and cattle production sectors, and it is critical to identify the interest groups behind it and their reasons. The issue must be asked: would there be a drive for artificial or vegan “meat” if there was no intense campaign against livestock farming as the claimed cause of climate change?

This paper aims to provide an overview of the main landmarks and basic problems of humanitarianism, which is seen as a philosophy - an ethical response to suffering - but also as a practice in the form of humanitarian actions. There is general agreement that suffering ought to be alleviated, but not that humanitarian actions, and the humanitarian sector in general, are an adequate response. However, the practice of humanitarianism itself is not clearly demarcated. While for some it only refers to the actions aimed at eliminating or alleviating immediate suffering, others believe that humanitarianism requires dealing with the causes of suffering, and in its most extreme form, that humanitarianism requires force in the form of military intervention to stop suffering. Therefore, the objections to humanitarianism are contradictory - while on the one hand, its apolitical stances are respected in the name of timeless and decontextualized ethics, on the other its politicization is criticised. To condemn or praise humanitarianism, whether it comes from the point of ethics or politics, the authors conclude, it is important to always keep in mind what exactly is meant when referring to it.

Insekticidi (odnosno antiektoparazitici) imaju veoma značajnu ulogu u zaštiti ljudi, životinja i biljaka od brojnih insekata ili ektoparazita. Zahvaljujući primeni ovih sredstava iskorenjene su razne zarazne bolesti, olakšano je suzbijanje i lečenje ektoparazitoza kod ljudi i životinja, te je unapređena i povećana poljoprivredna proizvodnja. Iako su postignuti, (može se slobodno reći) grandiozni rezultati u suzbijanju zaraznih bolesti, nažalost još uvek postoje određeni regioni u svetu, gde neke zarazne bolesti (malarija) odnose veliki broj ljudskih života. Insekticidi su (kao što je već rečeno) značajno doprineli i povećanju poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Zbog toga se danas često može čuti mišljenje da je poljoprivredna proizvodnja postala praktično nemoguća bez primene pesticida. To je svakako uticalo da se ova sredstva danas, takoreći masovno koriste širom sveta. Upravo navedene činjenice, odnosno ovakva primena insekticida, koja je često i neracionalna, izaziva sve veću zabrinutost. Jedan od najvažnijih razloga za to, jeste svakako porast razvoja rezistencije kod insekata, a time i smanjenje efikasnosti insekticida. Pored toga, ne manji značaj ima i sve veće zagađenje životne sredine. O tome se takođe u poslednje vreme sve više priča i u našoj zemlji, pa će se u budućnosti morati voditi više računa. Ovo pre svega iz razloga, što primena insekticida (naročito ukoliko je neracionalna) može delovati štetno, ne samo na neciljne, odnosno korisne insekte, kao što su pčele, već i druge organizme, a posebno one u zemljištu i vodi. Ako se ovom doda i činjenica da može nastati i potencijalna kontaminacija lanca ishrane, onda su to svakako faktori koji mogu dovesti do poremećaja ravnoteže u pojedinim ekosistemima. Cilj ovog rada je upravo da ukaže na moguće štete neracionalne primene insekticida, da se istakne značaj razumne primene insekticida i predlože mere za njenu primenu.

This paper provides an overview of castor (Ricinus communis L.) plant characteristics, cultivation, seed harvest, reception, and pretreatment, and oil extraction, refinement, storage, and physicochemical properties, composition, and uses. It focuses on various traditional and novel methods of castor oil extraction and their optimization, kinetics, thermodynamics, and techno-economic, environmental, and social issues. Generally, novel techniques proved higher oil yield in a shorter time than conventional ones. The hybrid ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction provided the highest oil yield, whereas supercritical CO2 extraction showed no effect. The composition and properties of castor oil depend on not only extraction methods but also geographical origin, climate, soil, cultivar, and harvest time. The future perspective involves utilizing the entire biomass in a biorefinery to maximize the value of oil, seed cake, and waste residues. Castor oil production offers opportunities for sustainable development, but challenges must be addressed to ensure sustainability and social responsibility throughout the production process.

As a part of the SafeSeed project, funded by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia (call Prisma) among other traits, we will assess the tolerance of a up to 30 genotypes of 10 agronomically important plant species to the most important stored product pests. 39 maize genotypes of different genetic composition were included in the research. Inbred lines of standard grain type and corresponding F1 hybrids, populations of different genetic basis, biparental F2 obtained from F1 hybrids, local and introduced populations were examined. This paper presents preliminary results of morphological characterization of mentioned maize genotypes, based on kernel hardness and color. As a wide variety of material was examined, including flint and popcorn (as the hardest), dent, and maize genotypes with sugary and oily kernel type (as the softest), significant differences in the hardness and color of the kernels were recorded. As these can affect the interaction with store product pests, the tolerance level might differ among genotypes.

This edited collection responds to the contemporary need for deeper analysis and rethinking of the relation between education and emancipation in a world beset by social, digital, educational and ecological crises. Among the diverse interdisciplinary perspectives explored are: rethinking the Anthropocene in the time of environmental emergency, the concept of relational thinking as emancipatory practice and a more encompassing concept of relational pedagogy that includes questions about the environment and digitalisation, the notion of indoctrination from the perspective of political education, reconnecting with the body as a form of emancipatory education and how schools reproduce socio-cultural ideologies in synergy with material and visual culture. The book chapters also consider the role of social media, postcolonialism and feminism in understanding emancipatory education and a historical reception of John Dewey’s ideas in other than Western contexts. This volume will be of interestto those seeking well-known as well as further and novel acquaintance with the philosophical and critical issues surrounding different forms and ideas of emancipation and/or/through education, including related practical propositions and examples. Educators, scholars in education, social justice, philosophy, sociology and curriculum developers will find this collection valuable in contemplating, practising and theorising the futures of emancipatory education across contexts and themes.

One of the goals of the ECOBREED work package SOYBEAN was to develop soybean genotypes with improved agronomic performance and to offer know-how for cultivation practices tailor-made for low input and organic systems. During the project lifetime, the focus of activities was on henotyping for biotic (weed, pest, diseases) and abiotic (drought and chilling stress) stress tolerance screening, as well as crop and nutritive quality and N fixation efficiency. A marker-assisted selection programme was established to identify genes/QTL of particular importance for organic soybean varieties. In addition, an assessment of the effects of cover crops and inoculation in the process of soybean seed multiplication was performed. Creating and selecting new soybean lines suitable for organic production was a key priority. After the first half of the project and the conduction of different trials and identification of useful traits, cross composite populations (CCPs) and soybean lines were available for further field testing. Chosen soybean lines went through the registration trials (2021-2022) to evaluate their performance and adaptability. The first ECOBREED soybean variety was registered by IFVCNS. NS ECOB is the variety with high protein content (00 maturity group) specifically selected for organic and low input production requirements.